Syllabus For Entrance Test To PHD Programme in Pharmacy For 2013
Syllabus For Entrance Test To PHD Programme in Pharmacy For 2013
Syllabus For Entrance Test To PHD Programme in Pharmacy For 2013
incretins, oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin analogs, ACTH and corticosteroids, androgens and anabolic steroids, estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives, drugs acting on the uterus. 14. CHEMOTHERAPY:General principles of chemotherapy, bacterial resistance, sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole, antibiotics- Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Quinolones, fluoroquinolones and miscellaneous antibiotics,chemotherapy of tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal diseases, viral diseases, HIV and AIDS, urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases, malaria, amoebiasis and other protozoal infections and anthelmentics,chemotherapy of malignancy and immunosuppressive agents. 15. PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY:Definition of poison, general principles of treatment of poisoning with particular reference to barbiturates, opioids, organophosphorous and atropine poisoning, heavy metals and heavy metal antagonists. 16. BASIC CONCEPTS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY:Clinical Pharmacokinetics and individualization of drug therapy, drug delivery systems and their biopharmaceutic&therapeutic considerations, drugs used during infancy and in the elderly persons (Pediatrics& Geriatrics), drugs used during pregnancy, drug induced diseases, the basics of drug interactions, general principles of clinical toxicology, common clinical laboratory tests and their interpretation. 17. IMPORTANT DISORDERS OF ORGANS, SYSTEMS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT:Cardio-vascular disorders- Hypertension, congestive heart failure, angina, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias. 18. CNS DISORDERS:Epilepsy, parkinsonism, schizophrenia. 19. DEPRESSION RESPIRATORY DISEASE:Asthma. 20. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS:Peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis. 21. ENDOCRINE DISORDERS:Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders. 22. INFECTIOUS DISEASES:Tuberculosis, urinary tract infections, enteric infections, upper respiratory infections, Hematopoietic Disorders- Anemia. 23. JOINT AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS:Rheumatic diseases, gout and hyperuricemia. 24. NEOPLASTIC DISEASES:Acute Leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease, therapeutic drug monitoring, concept of essential drugs and rational drug use. 25. BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETCS:Passage of drugs across biological barrier (passive diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion, ion-pair formation and pinocytosis),factors influencing absorption- biological, physico-chemical, physiological and pharmaceutical,drug distribution in the body, plasma protein binding.Significance of plasma drug concentration measurement. Compartment model- Definition and Scope. Pharmacokinetics of drug absorption Zero order and first order absorption rate constant using Wagner-Nelson and residual methods. Volume of distribution and distribution coefficient. Compartment kinetics- One compartment and two compartment models. Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters from plasma and urine data after drug administration by intravascular and oral route. Clearance concept, mechanism of renal clearance, clearance ratio, determination of renal clearance. Extraction ratio, hepatic clearance, biliary excretion, extra-hepatic circulation. Non-linear pharmacokinetics with special reference to one compartment model after I.V. drug administration. 26. CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS:Definition and scope,dosage adjustment in patients with and without renal and hepatic failure,design of single dose bio-equivalence study and relevant statistics,pharmacokinetic drug interactions and their significance in combination therapy. 27. BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUIVALENCE:Measures of bioavailability, Cmax, tmax, Keli and Area Under the Curve (AUC),design of single dose bioequivalence study and relevant statistics,review of regulatory requirements for conducting bioequivalent studies. Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) of drugs. 28. IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS:Principles, antigens and heptans, immune system, cellular/humoral immunity, immunological tolerance, antigen-antibody reactions and their applications. Hypersensitivity, active and passive immunization. Vaccines and sera: their preparation, standardization and storage.
29. GENETIC RECOMBINATION:Transformation, conjugation, transduction, protoplast fusion and gene cloning and their applications. Development of hybridoma for monoclonal antibodies. Study of drugs produced by biotechnology such as Activase, Humulin, Humatrope, HB etc. 30. ANTIBIOTICS:Historical development of antibiotics. Antimicrobial spectrum and methods used for their standardization. Screening of soil for organisms producing antibiotics, fermenter, its design, control of different parameters. Isolation of mutants, factors influencing rate of mutation. Design of fermentation process. Isolation of fermentation products with special reference to penicillins, streptomycinstetracyclines and vitamin B12.
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