DANGEROUS DRUGS AWARENES, PREVENTION & CONTROL

Prof Marino A Garcia, RCrim, MPA Associate Professor II, College of Criminology University of Perpetual Help Dalta, Calamba City First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities, Tanauan City Laguna State Polytechnic University, Siniloan, Laguna

Reorganization of the Philippine Drug Enforcement System

Creation of the new Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) that serves as the policy and strategy formulating body.
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) as its implementing arm.
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OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Dangerous Drugs Board Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

PHILIPPINE DRUG SITUATION

DRUG SITUATION

1972
In 1972, there were only about 20,000 drug users in the country almost all of them concentrated in MetroManila. Marijuana was the preferred drug of abuse.

PHILIPPINE DRUG SITUATION

DRUG SITUATION

PHILIPPINE DRUG SITUATION

DRUG SITUATION

2002
1.8 M regular users and 1.6 M occasional users. 1.2 M represent the youth.

1972
In 1972, there were only about 20,000 drug users in the country almost all of them concentrated in MetroManila. Marijuana was the preferred drug of abuse.

PHILIPPINE DRUG SITUATION

DRUG SITUATION

RA 9165 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

PHILIPPINE DRUG SITUATION

DRUG SITUATION

1 in every 29 Filipinos aged 10 44 is on drugs

2004
The Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) estimates that there are about 6.8M users all over the country.

2002
1.8 M regular users and 1.6 M occasional users. 1.2 M represent the youth.

1972
In 1972, there were only about 20,000 drug users in the country almost all of them concentrated in MetroManila. Marijuana was the preferred drug of abuse.

PHILIPPINE DRUG SITUATION

DRUG SITUATION

* More than 5, 000 drug

patients in rehabilitation centers still increasing

* 70 % of brutal/ heinous crimes are drug related * More than 20,000 drug cases per annum clog dockets of court justice delayed, justice denied

* Unleveling of economic and political playing fields ( NARCO Economics and NARCO Politics)

DRUGS OF ABUSE
DRUG SITUATION DRUGS OF ABUSE

Methamphetamine hydrochloride commonly known as Shabu, the main drug of abuse

Marijuana, grows naturally in the Philippines

Methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy, affecting the affluent members of the society

Drug Affected Barangays CY 2005

3,584 Brgys 41, 959 Brgys

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Drug Affected Barangays CY 2005

METRO MANILA
Drug Affected Barangays

915 brgys

1,691 brgys

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 Tobacco means the curved leaves of the tobacco plant nicotiana tobacu which contains a very potent ingredient called nicotine.

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Is the most important active ingredients which is a very toxic or poisonous substance. Is the substance left behind on the filter by the tobacco smoke, after all the nicotine and moisture have been extracted. Many of the constituents of tar are known to be strong associated with cancer and aggravates bronchial and other respiratory diseases Is the gaseous product of incomplete combustion it is also known as a poisonous emission from the exhaust of motor vehicles
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CIGARETTE CONTENTS
use to clean bathrooms Cadmium car battery Carbon Monoxide Nicotine use for insecticide Tar ingredients for asphalt Vinyl Chloride use for plastic Cyanide poison gas use by Hitler in his poison camps DDT use to kill cockroach Formaldehyde for embalming
Ammonia
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 Alcohol is a powerful drug. Alcoholic drinks contain the drug ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It is a toxic or poisonous drug. It poisons the body if taken in large quantities simply or in combination with other drugs. Alcohol damage all the major organs of the body. Alcohol is depressant drug, not as stimulant as erroneously believed. Pure alcohol is colorless and tasteless. Alcoholic drinks vary in color and taste because of the ingredients used to flavor them.

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DANGERS
1.

ALCOHOL and DRIVING many traffic accidents are caused by alcohol.

2.

ALCOHOL and PREGNANCY regular drinking of any amount of alcohol during pregnancy can damage the unborn baby. Heavy drinking can cause mental retardation, slow down growth patterns and cause miscarriage.
ALCOHOL and other drugs - Alcohol can be especially dangerous when combined with other drugs like sleeping pills, tranquilizers, marijuana, prescribed medicines and cold remedies ALCOHOL and Depression Alcoholics are prone to suicide.
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3.

4.

Any liquid, solid or mixed substances having the property of releasing toxic vapors or fumes containing one or more of the following chemical compounds: Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, etc.
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DRUG SMUGGLING

CRITICAL ENTRY AND EXIT POINTS

DRUG ABUSE TREND DRUGS OF ABUSE ENTRY/EXIT POINTS

SEAPORTS AIRPORTS
MAIL AND PARCEL SYSTEM

COASTLINES

Airports continue to be the preferred trafficking venue from small quantities to multi-kilo shipments

seizure of 10 kgs of shabu at the NAIA

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The use of the seaports was exemplified by the seizure of 158 kilos of shabu hidden inside 2 container vans at the MICP

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The mail/parcel system is preferred in destinations that have large Filipino communities like Guam, US, Australia and England and Middle East. The latest seizure is the interception of 692.16 grams of cocaine from Bolivia consigned to a Nigerian national.
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The vast and unpatrolled shoreline of the country are where hundred kilos shipments are conducted

Seizures of 503 kilograms of shabu in Real, Quezon and 350 kilograms of shabu in San Narciso, Zambales
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Landing Points
Batanes Cagayan Ilocos Sur Pangasinan Zambales Aurora Quezon Mindoro

Suspected Landing Points

Masbate Palawan Sorsogon South Cotabato Davao Sulu Tawi Tawi
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EXECUTIVE HEIGHTS SUBDIVISION, PARAAQUE CITY

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SUSPECT

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LAWANG BATO, VALENZUELA CITY

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MULTINATIONAL VILLAGE, PARAAQUE CITY (May 7, 2003)

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Family Problems

Lack of Parental Guidance

Peer Pressure/Curiosity

Boredom, Frustration

Weak Personality, Desire to Escape From Reality

Common Signs of Drug Abuse

Injection Marks of an Addict

Unusual effort made to cover arms in order to hide needle marks

Stealing items which can be readily sold for cash (to support a drug habit)

Changes in Mood depending on the drug taken. Example: depressed or becoming elated and euphoric.

Association with known drug abusers

Change from normal capabilities (work habits, efficiency, etc.)

Change in attendance at work or school

Wearing sunglasses constantly at inappropriate times (for instance, indoors or at night) or only to hide dilated or constricted pupils but also to compensate for the eyes inability to adjust to sunlight. Marijuana causes bloodshot eyes.

Poor physical appearance, including inattention to dress and personal hygiene

Ill Effects of Drugs

I. Mental Health
1. Disturbance 2. Disturbance 3. Disturbance 4. Disturbance in PERCEPTION in ORIENTATION in MEMORY in JUDGEMENT
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THE EFFECT OF DRUGS TO

HUMAN BRAIN

Normal Brain

Affected Brain
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NORMAL

DRUG USER

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Cross-Section of a Drug Affected Human Brain

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II. 1. a. b. c. d.

Physical Health Systemic Cardiac (HEART) Pathology Pulmonary (Lung) Illnesses Hepatic (LIVER) Problems Renal (KIDNEY) Disease
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General Health a. Malnutrition b. Infections c. Accidents d. Blood Transmitted Disease

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Celebrities Who Used Dangerous Drugs

www.yahoo.com/cnn-news

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GUESS WHO?

Whitney www.yahoo.com/cnn-news Elizabeth Houston

Born August 9, 1963, she is an American pop and R&B singer, actress, film producer, record producer, songwriter, and former fashion model. Her crossover success opened doors for other African Americans, particularly women, to be equally successful in pop music and showbiz. She has 107 frequently been referred to as "The Voice".

Whitney Houston

On September 12, 2002 at Malibu, California, the 61 year old actor was arrested for being under the influence of drugs after his Mercedes-Benz car was seen swerving on a highway near his home. The movie star pleaded no contest to driving under the influence of drugs (DUI).

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Nick Nolte

1991 - Los Angeles Film Critics Association: Best Actor, The Prince of Tides 1991 - Golden Globe: Best Actor in a Motion Picture (Drama), The Prince of Tides 1992 - Chosen as People Magazine's Sexiest Man Alive 1998 - New York Film Critics Circle - Best Actor, Affliction 1998 - National Society of Film Critics - Best Actor, Affliction 110

Nick Nolte

Heath Ledger Hollywood Actor

died from an overdose on sleeping pills.

The 21 year old actress was arrested for suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol , possession of marijuana and a controlled substance, and driving without a valid license on December 27, 2007

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MISCHA BARTON

Born on January 24, 1986, she is an award-winning actress. Perhaps best known for her role as Marissa Cooper in the American television series
The O.C.
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Mischa Barton

She was booked on felony charges of possession of cocaine and transportation of narcotic - in addition to misdemeanor charges of driving under the influence (DUI) and driving with a suspended license.

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Lindsay Lohan

Born on July 2, 1986, she is an American actress and pop music singer. Lohan started in show business as a child fashion model for magazine advertisements 118 and television commercials.

Lindsay Lohan

Nicole Richie www.yahoo.com/cnn-news

Born September 21, 1981, she is an American socialite, actress, television personality, author, model, and singer. The daughter of Lionel Richie, she is known for her role in the reality show The Simple Life and her turbulent personal life.

Nicole Richie

In February 2003, she was arrested in Malibu, California and charged with possession of heroin while driving with a suspended driver's license.

Republic Act 9165Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002

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Republic Act 9165 Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002

Signed June 7, 2002
Published June 19, 2002 IRR formulated and approved August 30, 2002 and published October 31, 2002 Abolished PNP Narcotics Group, NBI Narcotics Unit, Customs Narcotics Interdiction Office and DEP Center
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Known as Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

- Consolidation of House Bill No. 4433 and Senate Bill No. 1858 - Repealing RA 6425, the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 - Approved and Signed by the President on June 7, 2002 - Took Effect on July 4, 2002 - Consist of 13 Articles and 102 Sections
Starting from Sec 1 Short Title Sec 2 Declaration of Policy

ARTICLE I
Sec 3 Definitions
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ARTICLE II UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES

SECTIONS
4

TITLE
Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

PUNISHABLE ACTS
- Import or bring into the Philippines any Dangerous Drugs regardless of the quantity and purity involved including any and all species of opium poppy or any part thereof or substances derived therefrom even for floral decorative and culinary purposes

PENALTIES
- Life Imprisonment to Death - Fine Ranging from 500T to 10M pesos

- Use of Diplomatic passport, - Maximum penalty diplomatic facilities or any of Death other means - Unless authorized by Law, - 12 yrs and 1 day to import controlled precursor 20 years and essential chemical. - Organizes, manages or act - Maximum penalty as financier of Death - Protector / Coddler - 12 yrs and 1 day to 135 20 years

SECTIONS
5

TITLE
Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

PUNISHABLE ACTS
- Unless authorized by law Sell, Trade, Administer, Dispense, Deliver, Give away to another, Distribute, Dispatch in transit or Transport any dangerous drugs including any species of Opium poppy regardless of the quantity and purity involved - Act as broker in any such other transaction - Unless authorized by Law, SHALL Sell, Trade, Administer, Dispense, Deliver, give away to another, Distribute, dispatch in transit or transport - Any Controlled Precursor - If STADDD or T within 100m from the school - Pusher who use minor or mentally incapacitated individuals as runner, couriers and messengers or in any capacity directly connected to the dangerous drugs and or controlled precursor and essential chemical trade

PENALTIES
- Life imprisonment to Death and a fine of 500T to 10M pesos

- 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from 100T to 500T pesos

-Maximum

Penalty of

Death -Maximum Penalty of death

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SECTIONS
5 contd

TITLE

PUNISHABLE ACTS

PENALTIES

- If the victim of the -Maximum Penalty offense is minor or a of Death mentally incapacitated individual or should a dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical involved in any offense herein provided be the proximate cause of death of a victim - Organizes, manages or -Maximum Penalty acts as a financier of Death - Protector/Coddler - 12 years and 1 day to 20 years

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SECTIONS
6

TITLE

PUNISHABLE ACTS

PENALTIES

Maintenance of - Maintain a den, dive or -Life imprisonment a Den, Dive or resort where any to Death and a fine Resort dangerous drugs is used or ranging from 500T sold in any form to 10M pesos - Maintain a den, dive or resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold in any form - 12 years and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from 100T to 500T pesos

- Where any dangerous - Maximum penalty drug is administered, of Death delivered or sold to a minor who is allowed to use the same in such a place - Should any dangerous drugs be the proximate cause of death of a person using the same in such den, dive or resort, (the maintainer owner and/or operator) - Maximum penalty of Death and a fine ranging from 1M to 15M pesos

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SECTIONS
6 contd

TITLE

PUNISHABLE ACTS
-If

PENALTIES

such den, dive or resort - Confiscated and is owned by a third escheated in favor person, provided : of the Government * Specifically allege in the Criminal Complaint that such place is intentionally used in the furtherance of the crime * Prove such intent on the part of the owner to use such property for such purpose * Owner shall be included in the criminal complaint - Organizes, manages a -Maximum Penalty acts as a financier of any of Death of the illegal activities - Protector/Coddler - 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and a fine of 100T to 500T 139

SECTIONS
7

TITLE

PUNISHABLE ACTS

PENALTIES
12 yrs and one day to 20 years and a fine from 100T to 500T

Employees and -Any employee of a den, Visitors of a dive or resort who is Den, Dive or aware of the nature of the Resort place. -Is aware of the nature of the place as such and shall knowingly visit the same Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and or Controlled Precursors and Essentials Chemicals -Any person, unless authorized by the law shall engage in the manufacture of any dangerous drugs Any person unless authorized by law shall manufacture any controlled precursor and essential chemical.

Life imprisonment to death and a fine of 500T to 10M pesos

12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine of 100T to 500T pesos

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Contn Sec. 8. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors & Essentials Chemicals
The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or laboratory equipment in the clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of manufacture of any dangerous drug. It shall be considered an aggravating circumstances if the clandestine laboratory is undertaken or established under the following circumstances Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the presence or with the help of minor(s); Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken within one hundred (100) meters of a residential, business, church or school premises; Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby traps; Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate business operations; or

a. b. c. d.

e.
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Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public official or foreigner

Any person who organizes, manages or act as financier *Maximum penalty of Death Protector / Coddler * 12 yrs. & 1 day to 20 yrs. Fine of 100T to 500T pesos
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SECTIONS
11

TITLE
Possession of Dangerous drugs

PUNISHABLE ACTS
Shall posses any Dangerous Drugs in the following quantities regardless of the degree of purity - 10 gms or more of Opium - 10 gms. or more Morphine - 10 gms. or more of Heroin - 10 gms. or more of Cocaine or cocaine Hydrochloride - 50 gms. or more of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or Shabu - 10 gms. or more Marijuana resin or Marijuana resin oil - 500 gms or more of Marijuana - 10 gms. or more other drugs, such as: *MDMA or Ecstacy *PMA-Paramethoxy amphetamine *TMATrimethoxy amphetamine *LSDLysergic acid diethylamine *GHB-Gamma Hydroxy butyrate - 10 gms. or more but less than 50 gms of Shabu

PENALTIES
Life imprisonment to Death; and Fine of 500T to 10M pesos

- Life Imprisonment Fine of 400T to 500T 142 pesos

SECTIONS
11 cont

TITLE
-

PUNISHABLE ACTS
5 gms. Or more but less than 10 grams of Opium, Morphine, Heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu or other drugs such as MDMA, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB 300 grams or more but less than 500 grams of marijuana
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PENALTIES
-20

years and 1 day to Life Imprisonment and Fine of 400T to 500T pesos

-20

years and 1 day to Life Imprisonment and Fine of 400T to 500T pesos
-12

-Less

than 5 gms. of Opium, Morphine, Heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu or other drugs such as MDMA, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB less than marijuana
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years and 1 day to 20 years and a Fine of 300T to 400T pesos

300

grams

of

-12

years and 1 day to 20 years and a Fine of 300T to 400T 143 pesos

SECTIONS
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TITLE

PUNISHABLE ACTS

PENALTIES

Use of -Positive or use of any Dangerous Drugs dangerous drugs after confirmatory test
*First offense 6 months Rehabilitation in government center Imprisonment of 6 years and 1 day to 12 years . Fine of 50T to 200T pesos
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*Second Time

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Sec. 22. Grant of Compensation, Reward and Award. The Board shall recommend to the concerned government the grant of compensation, reward and award to any person providing information and to law enforcers participating in the operation, which results in the successful confiscation, seizure or surrender of dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, and precursors and essential chemicals.
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ARTICLE III
DANGEROUS DRUGS TEST AND RECORD REQUIREMENTS

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Section 36 Authorized Drug Testing Authorized drug testing shall be done by any government forensic laboratories or by any of the drug testing laboratories accredited and monitored by the DOH to safeguard the quality of test results. The following shall subjected to undergo drug testing:

Mandatory Drug Testing

Applicants for drivers license Applicants for firearms license and PTC-FOR Officers and members of the military, police and other law enforcement agencies All persons charged before the prosecutors office with criminal offense having an imposable penalty of imprisonment of not less than 6 yrs. & 1 day All candidates for public office whether appointed or elected both in the national or local government

Random Drug Testing

Officers and employees of public & private sectors Students of secondary & tertiary schools
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ARTICLE IV
Participation of the Family, Students, Teachers and School Authorities in the Enforcement of RA 9165

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ARTICLE IV
Section 41 Involvement of Family The family, being the basic unit of the Filipino society, shall be primarily responsible for the education and awareness of the members of the family on the illeffects of dangerous drugs and for close monitoring of family members who may be susceptible to drug abuse.

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ARTICLE IV
Section 42 Student Councils and Campus Orgns All elementary, secondary and tertiary schools student councils and campus organizations shall include in their activities a program for the prevention of and deterrence in the use of dangerous drugs, and referral for treatment and rehabilitation of students for drug dependence.

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ARTICLE IV
Section 43 School Curricula Provides that instruction on drug abuse prevention and control shall be integrated in the elementary, secondary and tertiary curricula of all public and private schools, whether general, technical, vocational or agro-industrial, as well as in non-formal, informal and indigenous learning system.

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ARTICLE IV
Section 44 Heads, Supervisors, and Teachers of School All school heads, supervisors and teachers shall be deemed persons in authority if they are in school or within its immediate vicinity, or even beyond such immediate vicinity if they are in attendance at any school or class function in their official capacity.

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The National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs

The National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs: Supply Reduction Strategy- which refers to the concept of keeping the DRUGS away from the potential drug USERS.
Intended Programs: Law Enforcement

Amendments of the Law

The National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs: Demand Reduction Strategy- which refers to the concept of keeping the potential USERS away from DRUGS. Intended Programs:
Preventive Education Sports Development Moral and Spiritual Values Recovery

Treatment and Rehabilitation

The National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs: International and Local Cooperation/Coordination- which refers to an
effective and efficient coordination of all local agencies of the government. cooperation and and international

Intended Programs:
Joint Training and Exercises Intelligence Networking Interdiction Operation

WHICH ONE

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PILLARS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Communities

Crime

Law Enforcement

Community

Prosecution

Correction

Court

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DRUG ABUSE IS A SURE VISA TO HELL VIA THE TRAIL OF SELF DESTRUCTION"

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Attainment of Drug-Free Philippines

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MAGANDANG ARAW AT MABUHAY PO TAYONG LAHAT

Say No to Drugs, Say Yes to God