Microwave Power Transmission - A Next Generation Power Transmission System
Microwave Power Transmission - A Next Generation Power Transmission System
Microwave Power Transmission - A Next Generation Power Transmission System
M.E,(Ph.D)1Department of EEE, 2B.Tech(EEE) student of , 3B.Tech(EEE) student of Vikas College of Engg and Tech,India.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the concept of transmitting power without using wires i.e., transmitting
power as microwaves from one place to another is in order to reduce the cost, transmission and distribution losses. This concept is known as Microwave Power transmission (MPT). We also discussed the technological developments in Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) which are required for the improment .The components which are requiredfor the development of Microwave Power transmission(MPT)are also mentioned along with the performance when they are connected to various devices at different frequency levels . The advantages, disadvantages, biological impacts and applications of WPT are also presented. Keywords:Microwave Power transmission (MPT), Nikola Tesla,Rectenna,Solar Power Satellites (SPS),Wireless Power transmission (WPT).
I.
Introduction
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission anddistribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength composite over head conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), Indias electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losse s in the world a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%, 40% and greater than 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (grids inefficiencies) and theft [1]. Any problem can be solved by stateof-the-art technology. The above discussed problem can be solved by choose an alternative option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft.Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient power transmission.
II.
2.2 Wireless Power Transmission System William C. Brown, the pioneer in wireless power transmission technology, has designed, developed a unit and demonstrated to show how power can be transferred through free space by microwaves. The concept of Wireless Power Transmission System is explained with functional block diagram shown in fig 2. In the transmission side, the microwave power source generates microwave power and the output power is controlled by electronic control circuits. The wave guide ferrite circulator which protects the microwave source from reflected power is connected with the microwave power source through the Coax Waveguide Adaptor.The tuner matches the impedance between the transmitting antenna and the microwave source. The attenuated signals will be then separated based on the direction of signal propagation by Directional Coupler. The transmitting antenna radiates the power uniformly through free space to the rectenna. In the receiving side, a rectenna receives the transmitted power and converts the microwave power into DC power. The impedance matching circuit and filter is provided to setting the output impedance of a signal source equal to the rectifying circuit. The rectifying circuit consists of Schottky barrier diodes converts the received microwave power into DC power 2.3 Components of WPT System
The Primary components of Wireless Power Transmission are Microwave Generator, Transmitting antenna and Receiving antenna (Rectenna). The components are described in this chapter.
2.3.3 Rectenna
III. Advantages, Disadvantages, And Biological Impacts Of Wpt 3.1 Advantages Wireless Power Transmission system would completely eliminates the existing high-tension
power transmission line cables, towers and sub stations between the generating station and consumers and facilitates the interconnection of electrical generation plants on a global scale. It has more freedom of choice of both receiver and transmitters. Even mobile transmitters and receivers can be chosen for the WPT system. The cost of transmission and distribution become less and the cost of electrical energy for the consumer alsowould be reduced. The power could be transmitted to the places where the wired transmission is not possible. Loss of transmission is negligible level in the Wireless Power Transmission; therefore,the efficiency of this method is very much higher than the wired transmission. Power is available at the rectenna as long as the WPT is operating. The power failure due to short circuit and fault on cables would never exist in the transmission and power theft would be not possible at all.
3.2 Disadvantages
The Capital Cost for practical implementation of WPT seems to be very high and the other disadvantage of the concept is interference of microwave with present communication systems. Health hazards may occur.
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Microwave Power Transmission A Next Generation Power Transmission System Table1. Performance of Printed Rectenna
Type of Rectenna Operating Frequency (GHz) Measured Peak Conversion Efficiency (%) 85 81 78 66
Printed diplomo[9] Circular Patch[19] Printed dual rhombic [22] Square patch [15]
IV.
Applications Of Wpt
Generating power by placing satellites with giant solar arrays in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit and transmitting the power as microwaves to the earth known as Solar Power Satellites (SPS) is the largest application of WPT. Another application of WPT is moving targets such as fuel free airplanes, fuel free electric vehicles, moving robots and fuel free rockets. The other applications of WPT are Ubiquitous PowerSource (or) WirelessPower Source, Wireless sensors and RF Power Adaptive Rectifying Circuits (PARC).
4.1Near-field energy transfer: 1. Electric and Consumer electronics 2. Industrial purposes 4.2In Far-field energy transfer:
1. Solar Power Satellites www.iosrjournals.org 27 | Page
V.
Conclusion
The concept of Microwave Power transmission (MPT) and Wireless Power Transmission system is presented. Thetechnological developments in Wireless Power Transmission(WPT), the advantages, disadvantages, biological impacts and applications of WPT are also discussed.This concept offers greater possibilities for transmitting power with negligible losses and ease of transmission than any invention or discovery heretofore made. Dr. Neville of NASA states You dont need cables, pipes, or copper wires to receive power. We can send it to you like a cell phone call where you want it, when you want it, in real time. We can expect with certitude that in next few years wonders will be wrought by its applications if all the conditions are favourable.
References
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