J s.

B"tir&
-, f)*.:.\,

f'ft Z
G,5A

\.

f'u

n o
Uf,t cx
O

..:{.

':
rt.
rl fi: (tu

#t-' n6 gn {pu F.

li
C)

n
{ -

t1).. 'lr7: .' l.Fr.. .r ld .H

.Q .

FJ

E8 IF qo, r,! -i: # ch/ i.{ o, tfr f.;tir 'trH rt\ 4. o9J 9f* !..1 td $8 c5 l; 'f)' e. ff .o &fr -l\r5 .tu- ffi
N:3 t,P

SB

!cE 8F, I leH PH

ffi,
o .{:','
rF'

o z
!

u lt+'\r <' }{ -r-H 8. T:L b{Er i Hi tfi

'r-Fl j: gl,
a

cl 'o -

s'
hili. ,t.t1
I

I i*

lg :f'"*rld Il( rtr tJI F-*C) hdE: ..t^^ 'F ,tr fi'

r...^. :rYJ

tis 5-l'. ts
ft
:_r

H c;.a, 4

n--+-+.V '{
I
t

S i"?3

4:r 3

tri
.:

D.'

..
rl'

-.0l 'nL
.cll 5(
bal

(>

5*

\
fi
d
s)
t-l
(D

I h,
f0 m

e\t 9'
p u

r___tu.'-;:r

,',f., \i i\

fF;
I

I e}{ta \
i

:\

\w
H" t).i

s;

\rl ::.: - r . .'i1

'al

",

')

,..,,.,--tf.--fi*,

)s\ ''
F.
e)' 6

.tN

:51

iJ

. .-. lv

+ FI

.$$ I

tril I :fl1

2 o

REGRADED UNCI-ASSIFIED

JOD, DPG

Ut{Cl.tSSllItJ'
SPECIAI, REPCBT 253

OPERATION B]:E

gNZ

H. F. Schoof] II. B. MorJagI R. 0. gaycs* V. J. Kf,aus'

D. W. Jenkbs2

Work conplertcd ,Iay L955

fl o
o o
i

ThLs docrrnent, or arqr portion thereof, nay not be reproduccd nithout speciflc authorl-zatl-on by the Assistant Cldef Chsleal

Offlcer for

BW, Carnp

Uaryland

Detrick, fircderlck,

'O IIJ
]

'E
cn @

r)!ss!btrt-". l*:9 ?:ft' ;*."ti;'**,-.": :

tl i il j G?1'",y-;'r*Y l::"i"s "il.*itnt" ser:z'cr" ii',t',*"':l"Jila; i ..:Tm*:; 'iffi' e+ozz-sooo' H:Lfi :,fr'"i*Bl$'hol***' 3;#i:
u"

Goverrurent

lsT:i:..=. *r: o*"tt req'rests

5 o z
f (f
lrJ

hechnicaf Dcrelopnent Iaboratories

4A111cd Sciancea Divlslon ^ Sa\rannEh, Gcorgla

cary DrtrLck Erederlck, ll*ryland

E (, UJ E

Publishad Novembcr 1955

Ul..lCLASSII

ll,ri

(lrrl;; l)cLlick
55-oD-

Contrul r\

o.

X/72_

UNCLASSTFTED

ffi APFAOVAI, EECOMItrS'IDED

'irT.-L
OPmATIOIT BTE BVZZ
APPROVED:

tV
CANL B. BNElllB ghl.cf, AllLtd Sclonccs DivisLon

Dlrcctor of

g b o o -?
I

Bcaoaroh

;(f 1uJ

,E

6 @ 5 o z.
3

o uJ o
tr (t
IU

UT{C["lq''SfilFlED
v-i-

fh
CONTE.ITS

SPECIAL RXPoRT 253

Pane

. . . . . . . . . StmarJr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. PUnPOSE..rr...
Ackrrorlcdgnente.

11

itt I
1
2 3

II.

IBODTtrTION OF TEST INSECTS

IIr.

. . . . . . . IV, TESTFBoCEDUBES, . r . . . . . ., . v. IESIRESULTS,, . . . . yr. DISCUSSIoN...... Diatr{.butlonList . . o . . . . . .

TESTSTTES.
TTGUBES

o o o .?
i

g.

Lt
o

io
tg IJL

t3

1,.

Becover';r Pettern of ledes aecjljbi and lfaffles fron ilrnitions, Harris [eck, C,e., ]Iay 2h, 1955 . .

&[4

6 cfi 5 ()
z. :) (] lil

Iandtng Drttera of Bocket-.Shaped ltntttons snd Secorery Sitoa of ledee asrvrtl, Lynatr Hlantatlqre $. C., ltay

Z5erfi,26f,i$frfi.

. o

. . . . . . .

o
tr

[rJ

tr

tlNCx.f''SIFilm

for partlcipatl-on and asslstance iJl this teet is arcpressed to the foJ-lorlng pcrsonnel! Dr. B. W. Fay, lf,r. J. 'it. Taylor, and IF. J.C. hovenoe fron Technlcal Devel.opocnt, Iaboratorles; Savannatr, Gcorgla; Itn. P. B, Ilamond, Ur. B. G. Fb"sn
gratefu[y
Apprcciation

(u plvtston), E. c. l{cNel]- (nrao Dlvlaion), rst r"t. c. G. wlthsrrlngton, Pfc.-E. llockfortl (fntcnologr Branch, AS Dlvislon), and Cdr. J. A, Rone (USpltS lialson Offlcar), Cary Detrlck, Frcdcrick,
Maryl"and.

(,

o-

o
-,

I
tL

;o lul

6 Ch 5 o z
J

o ul o
(, lt d

tl

tlitcLf'-s5i

srs0tABY (s)

A field test ras conducted irr Georgla to derocastrate rftether mosquitoes cculd be nass-produced and stored, loaded lnto muritLons and (lssmLnated from elrcraft, {td ntrether they rould sunrive the airdrop and take blood meals from htmans. Xore than ane miJ.llo rninfected yellor*-fever noequitosr &@ gtpblr rere produced and stored near\r trro reeks. lbout qre thl-rd of e nlLli.qr of theee noequitoes rere cqrcentreted ln E[{ mnltlons cmtatni.ng ialrecnb m,fflesi and rloop tubeet and t.n zl-ft rocket-shaped ground-r"eIeaee nrnitlcrs, and dropped fron aircraft rlthout narked mor:{'rl{ty' ltre reuaLning nosqrrltoes rrere used Ln mnitlm Loadlng ehd StoF age tests, UoequLtoea rre airplane-released frcn uunitions openlng at altltudes frm three hundrcd feet to ground lenel. They reru dJ-apersed W rind and their own flight and rere collected as Euch ag two thoueend feet dornwind f,rcu tho terget reloase site. The fenale nosquLtoes r16 active l.n geeL{ng blood mealg and rrcro attracted to and blt hunang and

I o
I

d o
:

guinea pi8s.
ThJ.s

field test ra I qua3-itative prelimi-nar1r test to show feaslbl}Lty of alrplane dellvery of noaquitoee for dlggenrtnatLcn of Bl{ agents. Since thle test uae successfirl, addlticnaL teats are planr-red using larger nrnbers of mosqrrJ.toes on adequate targets to permit quantit&tive eraLuaticn of dispersa3- and aunlval, and to ehov feaglbllity of dellvery of nocquLtoes
frcu a hig[-a1111ude Jet
bcnber.

io tlu

6 U)

TL

J o
z.
Cf

CI

(r (5 lil E

iii

11,-ili,

''i;,';:iili

OPER.ITION

BIC

BUZZ

r.

PUnPoqE

(s)

Ote fuivestigaticrs rerc planned to obtain a qual{tatlve deterzinatLqr of the gurvival and bttlng ectlvlty of nooquitoes confined t^u nnltlcna aad dropped fron an airpSane. These testg rere of a prellrrtnartrr nature, asd rere no! deslgned to obrtaln eLther quantLtative data cn surtrlve1 or : aay cenprenhsive-assay of dispersal.

I o
ci

II.

. -PBODUCTION OT TDST INSEOTS...(S)

o .?

The equipent and tho general techniquee for the naes-rearlng of aefrrqbl, deacr:lbed ln the Savamah CDC Cmtrect, Quertarly Boport, ! Apr11 L955r rere utlllzed for the productim of over cre ntlllqr aftnt nooqrdtoes. Shortccril{ngs of the procedurea Frre aobed and coagtf,tute problens for future erperlnentatlar.
Trro broods of mosqrdtooa, eacb consisting of 1r3l4r0@ Janree, uerc eet by placlng 71000 larvae Ln each of 192 traya, the lat,ter sach ccntahing 7 lLters of mter, Five lltera of the mter rae pLaced ln each tray the day beforc the lanrae rcrc added. this Bter ng treated rlth O.J. gram of caleirn $pochlorite ntrLch reterded the grorth of nlcroorganisus a{thin the pans and thus rduced ecrn torratisrg, It nas not

I I i

;o ig tr
-f,

detrd-nental

to

a 5 .2.o
c] ul

cr)

La,rveJ.

grorth and development.

Usbg the Savannah CDC tray nethod f,or rnssc-rearlng, 16,5 qan-horra rerc requl-red for ths {n{tlal oettJng and feedl-ug of, a 192-tray batch of
1r9l#Lr@0 Lsr:yae. AL the ti-ne of, pupattm, the Larral traya rere dretred and Larvao frm J.5 tra,yra traneferred Lnto a single tray ccntaining 10 llterr of rater treated yith O.L gram of caLcirrn hypochlorite. fr,rcIve sucb treya ner.e used, eadr fitted vtth an lndiyidusl energonce cage. LarwaL foedlng ns cmtlnued il the emergence cages for 3 days, and freeh m,ter ras addod t,o the onergence cage traya after the oecod day.

o
I
CI
[rJ

Adults rer removed frcm the emergence cages daily, ltrey nera then vith carbon dloxlde and trangfened to l-gellon ico crcau cartons for storage. lpprodnateJy 1r5@ adrrlts nere pJlaccd in each contalner and were fed e ono-&,olar sucrose soLutiql frm a corttqr pad olaced m the nylm, broadcloth, or pJaotic ecreen top. Icrge cerrdboard packtng Gasegr each cmtaining J0 cartcna, aenred as storage cmtainerg to facll1tete handllng of thc sartons. The proceeees of remwing, faeding, and otortlng oach carton of, edulte required abort J ninutea.
ancgthcrbized The nosq:ltoss werc held ln e 335-cublc-foorb ralk-in refr{.gprator r?rlch res naintairred et a nsan tenpcrature of TOoF and a ncan relatlve hrnidlty of 6f prcent. The storage techniqrree resulted i^n exceJlent gurrrivalr and therc xras an estlnated tO percent sunrival of 1O- to 12-day-o1d aduJ.ts.

(,

o-

c)

jlto the mrrnitions by meana of vacuum suction. A hdrsehold-typc twrk vacuum cleaner rras used to aspirate the }[ve adults frm. the cartcns. They passed througlr the vasurrn cleaner hose into the mnritiqr. I scren dthiJr the nunttLm prevented thelr paEsage fron tt lnto the \racaum cleaner tank. The rnancmetric vacurrn uas equlvalent to the haigfrt of 1.5 to 2.0 incheg of nater. Tith this eyatem it ras poasl.ble to load nooqultoes la the u.ue:itiong at the rate of 4 or 5 thsueand 1rr n5-uute.

After storage, the

moaquitoes lrer transfemed

fron the gal-lur cartcna

cf

rrr.

TEst lTEg (s)

io Itu

,E

Two areae rrer'e utilized ag test sites for the field gtudiea. Thc initial teste nere conducted at a U. 8. Naval Au:ci-liary Air $batlcn lmom as Harrig Neck Field, located about 60 nlleg south of Sevannalr, Georgia. Thc 5@-acre fieLd le bordered by the South Nevport Blver and Ls adJacat to salt 'aarEhes. A]-I other tests were carried cr at the tynah PJantatlm, South Carolhna, approxC.nately 5 miles north of'Savanneh. ltrle elte flec located !n a errt-over rlcefield now used as pasture. It corerd approud-nate$r J@ acrea. Each of the tost aras r'ras slraraely to dmseJy cwared by grasseg 2lo 6 inches jn helght. ftr\y e feu treeg or bushes lmre lvreeent at either test plot.

6 a 5 o z.
o UJ o
(r

(t
LU

test sites uere gelected in part because of the lnorm absencc of the test ineect Aedes gSS@!. Befor.e the teots, eareful stud5.es rere made by the fieLd staff to shor that none of these mosquitoes ms indlgenous to the area, Ttrese studles nere duplicated and colroboreted by several groups rftich cqrclusive\r shored the teet insect to bc abaent fr@ the area pr.eniors to the teets. AIL native species of nosquitoeg ln the area rer sa,npled befor"e and after the fieLd teete. A1.l nosquitoes colIected frm hrnan observers and test aninals folloving the airdrops rer^
These

oc

dete:aination lncluding k{Lled and taken to the laboratory for ac nlcroscopic verlfication. fhe entmologr staffs of bcth ths IFFHS and Canp Detrd.ck concurred in the eccrrraey of the rnosquito sulrreys.
Phcrbogrephic covcrage of the pnoducbion of the t'est insecta and of the test procedures ras pnwlded by Camp Detrlck. Grsund end air traneportatlcn and cmnrurlcaticn equipment rrer nade available frm the leclurical DeveloSment Iaboratories "

rv.

TEST

PROCED{IRF*9

(S)

oot. ftro throe uunlticars tested rprc the Et4 t'yFe with-rafflc-tyae (airccnb) inserts, the EL4 nith tube ineertsrradd t'ho zl-fb rocket-ohaped nrnLtisr nith a^n airccmb jlsert" Thc fonrer two ttrrpes provide an alr relcase of the adult mosquitoeei the latter type pnovldes a gromd releaee of thc mooquit,oes. Ttre rnrnitions literE dropped fro an Al-6 eirplano flying approxinatcly 90 nlles per hour at altltudes varylxg betueen 25O and 4@ feet, but they opened and reloased tho noequitoes at louer elcvaticns, Parachutes 1ere used to slow the deacent of qre 814 vlth rnffle i-nserte and of 41.'l rocket-shapd uunLtims. l,tosqtritoea ller collected for assessrrcrnt by thr"ec rcttbods3 1.
The Team fiethod
Each team was composed of two pereons - ono dceignated es the collector and the crther as the bait. A t'oon uas asaigned to rork at a glvcn radlus frcm the target, and collected mosquitoes et interrrale of l@ feet. Ttre nosqultoes rero collected frcm the huna,n belt, by the colLector rrlth the aid of an aspirator tube, an lasect net, or both. Adult mosqultoaa uerc chloroforsed and pJ.accd tn approprd-ately labeled bcxcs for Lcter

ll-r and gror.nd releaseg of mosqultoes frcn the rmrnltlonlt uere carrled

g il o
ci

o -?
I

rO
:TU

'E
(t)

6
l

J ()

z.
Cf

ul

ldentificati-dr.

o
fi (,
tu

2.

The TraP ltdethod

Xosquito tralx eimil-ar to thoge nade frcm lard cans as deserlbed by Be].lany ,]ra nr"nri ln tgSZ (t{osq, News, 121256-258) tttrt nodifl-ed to pemlt the Uge of a live guinea pig ae balt. They rcre operated frcm dusk on the day of the release until l+ or 5 hours aft,er suxrise on the follwlng dCJr. Ttre traps were then returned to the laboratory and the mosqrdtoca chlorofo:ned and ronctvsd.

3.

?he Spob Uetbod

Direct obserryation and evaluatioar of the conditl.on, acbivltyl and blting rate of the nosquitoes Her made as they reached the ground. in mff1c or disc i-nserls, or as they rere released fron the rocket airccnb insergs,

V.
rh,te:
I4ay 24t L955

TEST RESITLTS

(s)

(,

Locatlan: llarrls [eck Field

L o

Itrnltion:
Belease

n'J4

nith waffle-type inserta

t{osqulto

age

Loading tjme Storage time

- 81rO0O Aedes aeEptl (27,W per uunltlm) - IL days - 1300 - 14OO - until 151O
70oF and 67F
RH

o o -?
i

rO
TL

Storage cmditlone
Drop ti-ne
16ltd3

:lll

)AL5

South

Southwest

- f'L5 at 6 - I

npLr.

6 a 5 o z
:) (f
LU

Mosguitoes rere transferred frm the laboratory to Saffold Field, approxinately 3 mileg fron the J.oadirg site, snd thence flowr to the study alear

friaL
L
2 3

Altitude of Drop

(reet)
ro0
4oo 354 275 300 250

Inserbg Beleesed at, Altltude

(feet')*
345 200 100

Bemarks
Dud

tr (,
oc
[rJ

Dioperaed Dispereed
Dud

4
5

Disperaed
Dud

*Based

secsrdi and

o rate of fal]
1OO

esti-nated at 33 ft, feet/second thereafter.

first

secondi

6 ft,

seccad

tr[unltlons in trlals 2r j, and 5 eocpelled the raffla fuiccrta ll thc dlspcrsal pattcrn shorm ln Figure 1.
Thc nunltion ln trial f. brokc open upon hitting thc ground. andrraE spraycd rlth a non-rosidual type of inscticldc to prerest releage of nooqultooo,

Fouung of the nunition bridrc caq,sed the dudg irs trr.rre I and 4. In trlal 5 the bridle tao renoved to avold poesible foullng, ona1l etrlpo of nasklng tape bcrng uscd to ecure th6 annltlonra top tn-itacc trntll releass. rn trlal 6, falluro to renove the safcty ptn-froro the cJcctlon uechrnlgn rcsulted ln a dqd.
ALL

tho test lnsccts rsro eJected from the raffle l,ascrtg Ln thc alr,

g
c)
C)

_ At approxltnAte)y IfOO, I fe'nale A aogrptl nas rocovered ln a collcction from an obscrvcr near the targct area.--ffi r throqgh I had been coplctcd at thLs tl^nc, & n3O the flrst toan assessnoot began, Flve naleg and one unfsd fc'nrra-A ?cEl'ptl rere colrected Lroo0 feet fron the target aroao at 1915 (duk)-tE socond. tcan asscssnent began. &ei cngorgcd. asd. one rrnf,ed fenalo A aggypti rere collested.
mmqulto

o -)

fi* 4 aegspti (2 "1. and 3 fcnale) rsre rcdyerc6 fron4 of t6l trap-*, ALL rccoveries of 4 eFv.rtl are plottcd ln FJ.gure 1.
Datc:

25,

L955

rO r ltl IL

Location: Ifnah Plantation,

Savannah, Coorgia

6 U)
z.

Xunltlon:

Bocket-sbapod tube

J ()
aerrpbi
(t5rOOO per mrnltloar)

Beleasc
IdosquLto age 1ps6l ng

ttnc

Storage tine Storago eond.Ltlons Drop tl-nc

75r00O Aedcs

11

J2 days

w30

C] IU

1400 1430

r]
ft
nB
UJ

UntIL

CI

?OoF aaa

6?/

- L52A at
7 nph..

L543

lfind:

Wcst

Altltude of drops; 300 feet,

igure I , Recovery pottern of Ades qegyfti ond ,vsffles frorn fl4 munitionr,- Horffiilfi*Eo., lAoy 24, lgSS.

+
A

I o o o -?
I

(,

w
o
I

-$
500
I

'O itrJ
tl-

6 a 5 ()
<-

SCALE IN FEET
tooo
I

o o6@

c) ul

o
d
CI

LEGEND

E.

LU

cl
@
2

Torget

A B C -

Mooquito lrop 500 feet from torget

Munition
lnserts frorn specified munition

Mosquito trop 1,000 feet frorn torget Mosquito trop 2,OOO feet frorn torgei

o
@

Positive trop colleciion Pocitive teom collection

nooqultoes uere tranaferred by car frm the laboratorlr to travla _- _S"apfodnatefy Fi-eld, 15 niles diatant, and then rere flcnn to tfre test sitc.

Triel
1
2 3
l+

Renarke

Chute

falIed, nr:aition

broken opon on i-upect.

d:ropped ca

Glnrte fotrLed

cr airpJane, munlticn nort

teet elte.

Chute opened and mrnition frurctl.oned poperly.

A6 above.

5 6

lg

I o
-

above.

Chute

feiled, nunltior

broken opet

m lnpact,

o o

tbo mur{tlcar landJng pattern

in this test ia ehon Ln Figure 2.

i

nosquito trapo on a circunfereDce Lr000 feet frcm the target.

In trlals I scme nosqultoes 'Here forurd dead and oLhers r\ued "$.6 ln the opened rockets, In tr{-als 3, ht and 5r large nrmbere of noequltoeo flor fro the rocketa as soon ae the Latter opened. Fer dead moaquitoea rre fornd in these trLele. In the S.mediate vlclnl-ty of the rockete uany I e-eadi attacked and fed upcn the field obgerrerg. over 1@ fonalo ! pern*ffed qr the J.eg of cre obserrrer and a]'l observers rere bitter5 evrsn at a 4lstanco frcu the muritlcns. Four I aegrrrbl (l *.re ard 3 femalea) uer recovered frcm Z of I
?he nornj.ng follorlng the releaee, e curEorlr aesessent bf 3 teataE frm @@ ruttil 10@ tdthin 1r0@ feet of ttre target area reeulted ln the rcoveqr of I na.1e and I fe'n"le A aelnrprbl. lll recover{-es of A aercrtti are p3.olted. i-n Figure 2.

rCl

UI 'E

6 a 5 ()
z. :)
ul
c) m

o
[U

(t

Figure 2.

Landing pattern of rocket-shaped munitions of Aedes aegypti, Lynah Plantation, S. C.,

and l,lay

recovery sites 25 and 26, 1955.

,v

+
A

il

I o
ci

o '-)
orl*o_9,qEgto*

M.P H.

:. rlll
tL

J O z :)
o

6 Ch

o UJ o
d (,
LlJ

E A,

Target

TT

O Ba O-

Munition

traps 1000 ft from target laosquito trap col lection positive for f Team collection positive for A ajglgtj
Hosquito

aegypti.

Date:

l{ry 26, I95j

Lgmah

Ipcatlo: ltnltime3
Seloage

Hlentatlm, $avaunah,

Geongla

nt4 nitU r*affle l.nserts and tube lnserts

Xoagulto ago
Loading tLne
Drop time

- 1021000 Agdeg egsrerbl (jtrOOO - JJ-12days

per eunltlm)

v5a

- 1500

- 1505
Southrest (1O nph.
25O feet,

CI

triad:

lltitude of drope:

o o o .?

o-

llha l-oaded mrnltlons rere traneferred, by car frcu the laboratory to Travlg Fteld frcm nbi.ch they uere flonr to itre test sLte. ln gyr nlctup uunltloa rith raffle lncerts ms loaded rith 5lrOOO noaqu!.toeg srd talned at the Ja,boratory s.s a contror to check noeiulto rofr*lJti.---- ro-

Trial 1
2

Inaerts

Insert

Ee1ease

lltttudcr* 6.

;.

Itu

6 naffleg

L4
1@

'E

?6 tubcs

*Estinatcd
The mmitlms rr dropped over separate areas of the test slte to avoid dtfficultieg i.u -rlrtng spot aeaessnents of the noegultoea fron the tro types of ingerts.

6 ct) 5 ()
f
tu
CI
I.IJ

z
o

Xcne

lncertg,

In trlal I, e few nosqultoee rnre recoyered frcu the naffle discg. rere obtalned ia sreep=net eolleebicns nade ln the vicintty of the

(f d

tr

1"be tube lneerts disporsed sver an ar-6a approd.ratly 30 _ _{n -trr-al ?: r.150 feet,_ f,any actlve moaqultoes rre obserred, particuter]y at, cne gite rdrere l-5 tubes rcached the ground attacbed to i cardboard-fLl-Ler frca the nuuLtlon. Ihe fenale I aeSf,obi rera astive and successful lD obtq{nlng blood nsals frcn the investigatori,

10
Oae

irny,lbngttr bf tin.

Itving

tube cmtained fJ.6 ual"es and 723 fenal,es, alL dead. Only a fev on dead noequltoes nere obserrred to renaln in a'[f. otbc tiiDes for

The mock-up murltion at the Jaboratory nias otrnned at appndletely the sane tirne as the field releages rere belng conducted. ltre notqplloee T"adily escaped and attacked the obseryerr l{ortallty uas esttnated et percecrt.

Dates

Ita.y

27

1955

Location3 lynsh Hlantaticer, Savannah, Georgia Ittlritlons: EtA with yaffle inser+s and tube Lnaertg
(3O'OOO per runJ.tlcn) Eelease - 6OTOQO Aedes aepnmbl Mosqultoage-3-4days

g o o o .?
;

Loadi-ng ti-ue

- U00 J:620

l40O

Drop
I{l-nd:

tlne

Southrest ? npb.

.o

After loadlng, the nr:dtisre rre transported by car frm the laboretorlg to Travis Fie1d. The fJ-lght to the atudy site rae delayed epprooduate\y 1.5 hours by local-lzed thurdershonere. Trial Altitude of
(feet)
Drop

ls TL 6 a
f

5 ()

Iugertg 6 rraffleg

z.

30O

z5o

65 tubes

o lrl o
d (t
UJ

The uuolticns ilere dropped into separate &reas of the test site to avoLd dlfflcultieg in naklng a spot aeeesgnent of the nooquLto frcm thc trro t5rpee of laser-bs.

rer negative.

In trial 1, a parachute attached to the nuritlon opened at about 200 feet elevatiqt. Spot aseeesnent revealed biting ! ae8febl. in the imedlete area of the inserts wh:ich feIL in a circu.lsr area 20 feet in dlameter. Sweetr>net collectiqre frm 5 Lo 5@ feet on the lee sLde of this area

Lt-

In trlal 2, Lhe tube inserts landed in an aree of 3A x 50 feet. A epot 6ssssment sheed active, blting nosqultoes near the tubes. Sc6c tubes rere recovered eontaining a few live adults; ncne cmtafued dead uosgultoea.

vI.
0PERATI0I| BTG
Lrn

prscussroN. (s)

BttZZ ras designed to ansrer the questl,crs:

suffictent

1.

Can

large nurnbers of nosquitoes sr.rrrive concentratlm ln nr:nLtlcng nurnbers to nake air drops a praeLlcal. procedure?

2. lflll nosqrltoes su!'rtive air and ground release frm tha uruitlqrg? 3" lfill nooqultoes actively disperse and eeek blood neals? Field and laboratory tests proved Lt poeslble to hold the uoaqrdtoee in the mrnitlsns for the tLme neceasarXr for tranoport to t,he aircraft and to the test site. Large nrnbers of mcsgrdtos uara succeesfu$r loaded lnto both the ELA and the rocket-type muniticns. Glveo advance lonwledge of any standard mrnitlan, a slnple but efflclent apparatua could be devcloped to e:rpedite loading the nosquitoes lrto the nrnitlm. A eysteu rhereby adults could be transferred direetly fro emergence cagec to
mr:rritims
wouLd

I o
ct
-

," luJ

be deelrable.

'E
CN

[ooqultoes suryived the air releages from the nUf nunltlms and the grorurd releases fron the rockets. lbe mallest reco\teries of ltving uooquitoee rere from EUr mnlticns uith raffle lnserts. Several tube iaserts fron EiUr muniticnrs rere found to contain living moequltoesl and gDAIL concentratlqrg of adulta r*,ere observed Ln the vlcintty of the lncetts. In cmtraet, the rocket-ttrpe nunitima glving a grourd r"eleese provlded the rnogt spectacul-ar cmcentrations of J.ive adults. ltlth each type of nruritiou tested, A aepgrrbi $r rcovered at vary5-ng diatances frcn tho points of release and eanght blood neals and bit humans' &r the basls of recwery of adults, the grornai-releaae rocket-ahaped nuritio rras the most effective type of muritlcn. Tlds device, bffeyr, l{nits disperaicnr of the nosqul.toeg to the naturtl capabllLtles of the species, uhich uay no'L be gr.oat. In cmtragt, the El4 mrnltlcn uith rraffLe ilgerts pronidos a rider dlspersal of the nosquLtoes by vlrtue of betng released above ground. trn this type of rlease the nosqulto dlaperllm is nost j-nfluenced by rind snd by the altltude at rhl-ch thc nosquJ.toee ere eJected. Obsenrers belleved that ttre rate of fatt of the anurltlm chorld be reduced before the eJectlm of the noeqtdtoes 1n an alr releaae.

a 5 ()

z. :)
trj

o o
d
UI
TE

t2
The 4Ur rith the tube inserts pronided a ccmbinatlcn air and groud release. Those mosquitoes resting betreen the tube ,lneotts in tho nunltlcoro a're reLeaged ln the air dren tho tubes &r eJeoted. liany adulte leave the tubes durlng their descent, but a fer nosquitoes reraln ritbla tbe tube ineertg wrtil they reach the grourd and then *ioperse. In rcvi.euing the reeulte of these tests cqrslderatlm nuet be given to the reLativeJ.y -"'a]l poprlatlms of moequi-toes released ln r.elatlon to the vaet areas ilvo.lved, and to the i.nadequac,les of the sanpllng tecbnLquea. These factors, parbicularly the first, nake lt rsnat*sble thet so narr5r

nosquitoee rere recqrered.

Any quantitative asgessent of survival and diepercal. wouLd require the reLease of at leagt a nl]lio noequltoes ln a sultable teet sl-te. It would necessitate lnteneive mosqulto collecting olrer ao exbended period of tima. lfith i.recneased space, equitrment, and rnanpsrer, a eingle brood productlor of cne or several ni'llion nosquitoes of near\r rmiforn age could be produced for such togts. The devel-opment of a rellabIe nrtrltion to provide the desired typc of nosqui.to rel-ease rras shonn to be feaglble. The hr.rnan and !rcchanlcal errors
I

g o o o ?

uhich reeulted

consequenceo that the firnctiqrln8 cnes produced the deeited nosquito release and acblvity is aignificant.

in the fellure of several uunltione aro of reJativo$ lLttle

fire throe agseos&ont nethods utll:lzed to obtai-n the quaLltative d.ste on surrival and biting activity rere satisfactory. Tlre team and tbe trap nethods er.e potentlal tools for use ln future studies designed to obtetn qranti-tative data upm nosquLto eunrival and di-spersicr.

io lu lt 6 a
G-

J C)
:)

of ! ae'grpibi that nay be l-aboratory-reared Lg theoretlcelly unli"uLted; prsctical 'l{mitatiors include available space and manporer. t}e nan-hourg per uit of producticnr rrndoubtedly could be further reduced by develolment and lnsteJ.latlcn of relatively si-nple uater Etorage and csndult
The nurnber

equipnent.

o IU o
d
CI
UJ

currently evailabJ.e facLlities snd techniques nere edequate for producticn of over one nrilllcnr mosquitoesi horsverl tro suceessive broode rer-e aoeded to supply thle number. About l$|rCf,o of the adrrltg prodrced rere used in the tests reported and in pneli-nirrary exlrrj-nents. In futurc tests the use of adults from a si-ngle brood (about SOOTOOO nnder present ccnditiqrs) rouJ.d provLde togt insects of unlfom age and rould avold unnecesgary handLlng and storage. Continuing inveotJ-gatLcrs an biologlcal reguirenents resulting in the devel-opment of improved nethods for ussgproducticrr nay provide the rrearts for prodrrclng more adulte per brood.
Ttre

13

SPECIAL REPOBT 253

Dletributisr List
Copv No.
1
Addr"essee

Assistant Chief Chemtcal 0fficer for

Technical Rocords Deprty

Brf

x2
3

for

Technical Operatlcrs
Research Development

(,

4
5

Director of Director of

5 7

Director of Producticn &rgineering

o o o ?
I I

o_

Director of ecperloental Iedicine Office of the Safety Dlrector

hograu l{anageoent 0fflce
Chief

8rg
10

u
L2
J3

Assessment

Divisico

Chief, lS Divisicn Ghief,

Chief
ER

Dlvlsic$

io ig IL 6 U) 5 ()
z. )

14

, l{ Division

v
16
T7

Ghi.ef, HI Division
Chief ,.MB Divleicsx

o UJ o
E (, [U E

Chief, Physical Defense Divieicn

I8
19

Chief, hocoss
Chief,
USPHS

Development Diviei@r

Clrief, Pilot PLants Dtvislon

V&R

20

Divisiasl

2L-23 24-26

tiaison Officc

U$DA

Liaison Office

tll
SPECTAL BnPoRf 253

Dietrtbuticar
9osy

List

(Cmta)

[o.
Canp

lddregsee G."'-andlng

27-30 3L-39
40
LT

Detriclc,

0ffleer, Xaval thlt

I.{d.

llS,lF Developnent EleLd Offleo

$rnrtlndfutg Officer, Bll Aeseesnent Igboratoraca Drgray hovlng Grorrnd, Ubatr

Ccm'nandi-ng

Laboratoriee Pine Btuff Arsereal-, Arkeneae

l+2

ffficer, koductlon

Developent

g o o o ?
i

Cblef Chenlcal 0fficer Departnent of the Army l{aehingtor 25, D. C. AffN! BeEeareh and Develolmcnt, Dlvlclcn
EH

Liaism

Branch
Ageacy
Q.

tE-45
h5

'O luJ
TL

6lnl0 Intelligence l{ashtugtm 25, D.

AssLstant Chi.ef Chsnrca1 Offlcer Bapresentative to the CnlC Boar{, A:my Chentcal Center, Md,
Coq'qend

for

BW

6 5 ()
CN

47

Ccruoanding C'eneral, Cu.lC Rssearch &

&rglncering

z. :)

A:my Chemical Center, I,{d. 48

49

o ul o

Clnl0 Advlsory Gorncll

A:ny Chenical Cerrter,

Md.

c (5
LU

Amy Chenlcal Center,

50

Ccrnnanding ffflcer, CnlC Chenlcal & Badi ologi cal Icborat ortc g
tdd.

cf

Ccnnnanding

Offi-cer,

Aruy Chentcal Center, Md.

Cn10 MsdlceL leboretor{.eg

5L,

52

Cmnanding C'eneral, hl0 Tralning C.nn'snd Forb llc0lellan, Alabua

''lt-cl
Cornr Xo.
53

ullcl"Asslr lr'u
L5
SPECTAL

nmom

253

Distr{-b{rtlcn

List
USA

(Ccata)

lddr"ossee Surgecrr Genera1,

Departnent

lhshingtcn 25, D.
,54

of the Arry
Q.

lssistsnt Secretary for H&D Office of the Secretar;r of DefeErse

lfaslrington 25, D. C. ATTN: Llbrarlarr

I o
ci

55

Representatlve fon CnIC U. S: Anny Standardlzatica Grorpl U. tr. Boc 5J, U$I lOO, tr, P. O.
New

Lt. Col. L. C. XiLLer, Cbl.C Ior*, lI. I.

o ?
I

56-60
6]--65
66

BrC-tlsh Llalson 0ffleer Buildine No. 1 Almy Choical Center, tr{d,

Canadlan

io iu,
'E

Brrilding No. 1 A:uy ChentcaL Ceorter,

lmy

Technlcal Repr^esentative
Ud,.

Executive Director Operatioe Reoearch 0ffice Johns Hoplcins University 6410 Ccrulecticrrt Avenue Chevy Chaee, l{d.

6 cfi 5 ()
z. :)

67

Assistant Secretaty of Defense (n&D) Boo 3E J:O25, Tho Pentagca I{ashington 25, D. C. AT!,1: Executive SecretarSr, BI+-CY Coordinati-ng Cml.ttee

o lu o
d
(5
LU

ctr

ullLLA]]If
r.5

IH.l

SPECIAL REPOrI 253

Distrib'utlon List (CartA)

Copv Nor
66

lddregg.ee

lbapcrs Systms Eva}rstlcn gffice of the Seoretary tfashiaglan 25t D, C.

Group

69

Ediborial Sectlca,
BT&O

Dlvisicr,

E&D Brqactt CanP Detrick, !ld.

?o-80

Docunents Secbicn, E&D Branch BT&O Dlvlsicr, CanP Detricl<r Ed.

I o
o ?
ci

*Cogieo 2 througtr 80 ere convenience cotrrtcs and rnay bo deatroyed by the addressee rhen no lcnger needed for reference'

io luI
,E

6 6 5 O z. 3 o UJ o
TE

(5

l.rl

tf

lir'4g1.liii.ii,"l{D

ts