Color
Color
Color
Contents
4 4 5
....... Why Measure Colour? ....... The Colour Scales ....... Lovibond Instrument Selection Guide
6/7
....... Lovibond PFX995, PFX950, PFX880/L & PFX880/AT Tintometers ....... Lovibond PFX195 Automatic Colorimeters ....... Lovibond PFX105/K Automatic Colorimeter ....... Lovibond Tintometer Model F ....... Lovibond Tintometer AF 710 - 3 ....... Lovibond Comparator 3000 Series ....... Lovibond Comparator System 2000 ....... Accessories Colorimetry Cells Conformance Filter Sets Certified Colour Reference Standards
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Tintometer
Over a Century of Excellence in Colour Measurement
In the 1800s, Joseph Lovibond, the founder of The Tintometer Ltd, developed the original Lovibond Colour Scale, which was based on a calibrated series of red, yellow and blue glasses. T oday companies throughout the world use Lovibond colorimeters in the analysis of products such as edible and industrial oils, oil derivatives, liquid chemicals, paint and coatings. Over the years the Lovibond brand has become the hallmark for colour measurement in processing industries, recognised by major international standardising bodies, including the AOCS, ISO and ASTM, who quote our equipment in their specifications for colour measurement. Tintometers unparalleled knowledge is embodied into the Lovibond range of instruments, fro m the visual comparators for single-scale colour grading through to flexible, full-scale spectrophotometric instruments for objective measurement and data analysis. And it is this unique experience that ensures excellent correlation between automatic and visual grading instruments.
Quality Assured
All Lovibond equipment can be issued with a Certificate of Conformity, which confirms that the product has been manufactured, inspected and tested under the control of our ISO 9001: 2000 Quality Management System and conforms in all respects with the stated standard or test method. In addition,Tintometer has been awarded ISO 17025 (UKAS - United Kingdom Accreditation Service) accreditation as one of an elite group of calibration laboratories for: spectral transmittance and absorbance from 380 nm to 780 nm, CIE colorimetric data (X, Y Z, x, y, L*a*b*) ASTM Color, Gardner Colour, S , aybolt Colour and UCS Judd rgb. As a result, we are now able to supply glass filters and liquid colour reference materials for Lovibond instruments with colour measurements that are directly traceable to national standards.
Q852
0630
As a Performance Indicator
For example, to assess the performance of decolorising materials or to determine a products suitability for a particular purpose.
As a Content Indicator
There is often a correlation between colour and chemical/physical content (for example, the amount of fat in milk). In these cases, colour measurement may offer a simple alternative to more complex means of testing.
AOCS Cc 13b-45 the W esson Method, AOCS Cc 8d-55, AOCS Cc 13j-97 APHA Colour, see Platinum-Cobalt beta Carotene BS684 Section 2.20 Chlorophyll A & B AOCS Cc 13d-55 Dichromate Colour DGF C-IV 4d (discontinued) Index F Colour AC AOCS Cc 13a-43
Direct measurement of beta carotene content. Direct measurement of chlorophyll content. Oils and fats where colours are similar to potassium dichromate solutions. Approved by the Fats Analysis Committee of the American Oil Chemists Society for grading dark coloured oils, fats and tallows. Oils & chemicals ranging from pale yellow to red, including lecithins, resins, drying oils & fatty acids. Chemicals and surfactant liquids. Oils and chemicals ranging fromyellow to brown. For colours registering 1 or less on the Iodine scale, the Pt-Co Colour scale is applicable. Detergents and surfactants. Colorimetric test for quality control of fats and oils for oxidative rancidity which uses Lovibond, Red units. Based on calibrated series of coloured glasses in each of the colours red, yellow and blue, going from very pale to dark. It is widely used for oils, fats, chemicals, resins and other transparent liquids products; it is also used for some light-reflecting products such as fats and waxes. Clear oils, chemicals and petrochemicals such as glycerine, solvents, carbon tetrachloride, and petroleum spirits. Rosins varying in colour from yellow to reddish orange. Determination of the degree of yellowness under daylight illumination. Calculated from XY Z tristimulus values.
ASTM D 1544,ASTM D 6166, AOCS Td 1a-64 Hazen Colour, see Platinum-Cobalt Hess-Ives Colour Units Iodine Colour DIN 6162 Klett Colour (blue filter KS-42) Kreis V alue Lovibond RYBN AOCS Dd 5-92
Gardner Colour
1 - 500 units 0 - 1000 units Depends on concentration & pathlength 0.1 - 70 Red,Y ellow; 0.1 - 40 Blue; 0.1 - 3.0 Neutral 0 - 500 mg Pt/l XC - D + FF
ISO 15305, BS 684, AOCS Cc 13e-92, AOCS Cc 13j-97 ISO 6271, AOCS Ea 9-65, AOCS Td 1b-64 ASTM D 509 ASTM D 1925, ASTM E 313
V isual Comparators
PFX995 o o o o o
PFX950
PFX880/L
PFX880/AT
PFX195/1
PFX195/3
PFX195/6
PFX105/K
Tintometer Model F
Tintometer AF710-3
AOCS-Tintometer
beta Carotene
1)
Chlorophyll A & B
2)
o o o o o o o o o o o o
Dichromate Index
FAC
Gardner Colour
5)
Iodine
Kreis Value
COLOUR SCALES
Lovibond RYBN o o o o o o o
Pt-Co/Hazen/APHA
3)
4)
Y ellowness Index
X Y Z tristimulus values
x y Y chromaticity co-ordinates
E* colour difference
C O L O U R VA L U E S
T ransmittance
Up to 6" (153 m m) Up to 6" (153 m m) Up to 50 mm
Optical density
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Path length
Up to 6" (153 m ) m
Up to 6" (153 m ) m
Windows software
included as standard
1)
o available as an optional upgrade Colour scale upgrade kits for Saybolt and ASTM Color are available for spectrophotometric colorimeters 2) Includes AF960 AOCS 5) The current Gardner scale was specified in 1963; Lovibond glass filters are also available for earlier 1953 and 1933 versions.
3)
4)
Glass colour standards for US Naval Stores Rosin Colour are also available
L o v i b o n d P F X 9 9 5 ,
PFX950,
PFX88
The Lovibond Colour and AOCS-Tintometer Colour scales are popular quantitative methods of colour measurement that have gained widespread international acceptance, particularly with processors of oils and oil derivatives. In addition, certain product sectors have adopted one-dimensional scales such as Gardner and FAC Colour to simplify colour control when the range of sample colours involves varying intensities of a single hue. To satisfy the diverse requirements for colour data, the Lovibond PFX995/950/880 series of high-precision, spectrophotometric colorimeters offers a choice of more than 20 colour scales. The standard versions vary from focussed instruments for Lovibond Colour or AOCS-Tintometer Colour through to a flexible, full-scale package. Additional scales can be added as optional upgrades, either at the time of purchase or at a later date.
0 / L & P F X 8 8 0 / AT T i n t o m e t e r s
Colour Scale
1)
Range 0 - 70 Red,Y ellow; 0 - 40 Blue; 0 - 3.9 Neutral 0 - 20 Red, 0 - 70 Y ellow 1 - 18 units 0 - 500 mg Pt/l 1 - 45 (odd numbers) 0 - 100 ppm 0 - 1000 ppm 1 - 500 units 0 - 1000 units Depends on concentration and pathlength Defined by spectrum locus
Path length
1 /16" - 6" 1", 51/4" 10 mm 100 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm
PFX995
PFX950
PFX880/L
PFX880/A T o
Lovibond RYBN AOCS-Tintometer Colour Gardner Colour Pt-Co/Hazen/APHA Colour FAC Colour Chlorophyll A & B beta Carotene Iodine Colour Hess-Ives Colour Units Klett Colour (blue filter KS-42) Kreis Value CIE Values - X Y Z tristimulus values - x y Y chromaticity co-ordinates - CIE L*a*b* colour space - L*C*h colour space - Hunter L a b colour space - E* colour difference Spectral Data - transmittance
2) 2)
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- optical density 0 - 2.5 (full spectrum and specified wavelength) Optional Items for Individual Applications Integrated heater unit A factory fitted option for maintaining samples such as fats and waxes in a liquid state. Windows software for data Allows data sets to be automatically downloaded to a PC capture on PC computer where they can be processed or stored. It also permits remote control of the instrument. Conformance filter sets Sets of graded glass filters, representing a spread of colours fro m the main scales for quick and simple calibration checks (page 11) Certified colour reference Ideal for routine calibration and verification of test data (see standards page 11)
o o
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included as standard
1)
2) The Lovibond PFX995 also includes: the AF960 Lovibond Scale, an abridged red and yellow scale which was introduced on the AF960, an early electronic colorimeter; the AF960 AOCS scale, which is similar to AOCS-Tintometer Colour but modified for use on the AF960.
o available as an optional upgrade Colour scale upgrades are also available for Saybolt and ASTM Colour
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Measuring principle Spectral response Bandwidth Repeatability - chromaticity (x y) - transmittance - Lovibond values Measurement time Calibration Light source Illuminant Observer Path length Interface Input voltage Approvals Display Keypad Instructions Heater unit Instrument housing Dimensions W eight 0.0002 0.25 % 0.1 Less than 25 seconds Single key press; fully automated 5 V 10 Watt tungsten halogen lamp (lens ended) olt, CIE Illuminant C (A, C, D65 on PFX995) 2 (2 , 10 on PFX995) 0.004" - 6" (0.1 - 153 mm) Parallel printer port, RS 232 port Universal, via external power supply CE 2 x 40-character, back-lit LCD 21 key membrane keypad; washable polyester with audible feedback 7 languages - English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch Factory fitted option, 95 C max Fabricated sheet steel with tough, textured paint finish Width 515 mm, depth 195 mm, height 170 mm 7.75 kg
o o o o
The precision filament lamp is easily accessed and changed from outside the instrument.
For regular conformance testing the colorimeters are also supplied with a certified glass filter of specified colour value.
Each instrument is supplied complete with optical glass cells of the relevant path lengths for each of the colour scales included, a calibrated glass conformance filter, a spare lamp and instructions.
Pt-Co/Hazen/APHA Colour 0 - 500 mg Pt/l 50 mm Gardner Colour 1 - 18 units 10 mm FAC Colour 1 - 45 (odd numbers) 10 mm Iodine Colour 1 - 500 units 10 mm Hess-Ives Colour Units 10, 25, 50 mm Klett Colour (blue filter KS-42) 0 - 1000 units 40 mm 7 Rosin, US Naval Stores XC - D + FF /8" Y ellowness Index 10, 25, 50 mm CIEV alues - XY Z, x y Y , Defined by spectrum locus Depends on saturation of CIE L*a*b*, E * sample colour Spectral data - transmittance 0 - 100% (full spectrum and specified wavelength) - optical density 0 - 2.5 (full spectrum and specified wavelength) Optional Items for Individual Applications Conformance filter sets Sets of graded glass filters, representing a spread of colour from each of the main scales, are available for quick and simple calibration checks (see page 11) Certified colour reference standards Idea for routine calibration of and verification of test data (see page 11)
o o o o
o o o o
o o
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o o
included as standard
The Lovibond
0.1 - 50 mm Parallel printer port, RS 232 port Up to 32 data sets Universal, via external power supply CE 2 x 40-character, back-lit LCD 21-key membrane keypad; washable polyester with audible feedback 7 languages - English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese & Dutch Fabricated sheet steel with tought, textured paint finish Width 290 mm, depth 360 mm, height 120 mm 6.8 kg PFX195 is supplied complete with Windows software, accessories
and spares, optical glass cells of the relevant path lengths for each of the colour scales included, a calibrated glass conformance filter, a spare lamp and instructions.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Measuring principle Modes Range Resolution Optical system Viewing system Light source Illuminant Path length Power pack Approvals Instrument housing Dimensions W eight Visual, in terms of Lovibond units T ransmittance, reflectance 0.1 - 70 Red,Y ellow; 0.1 - 40 Blue; 0.1 - 3.0 Neutral 0.1 Lovibond unit 11 glass-filled nylon racks containing a graduated range of Lovibond colour standards Fully adjustable, prismatic with integral blue filter for light standardisation. 2 x 12 V 10 Watt tungsten halogen lamp olt, Approximates to daylight 0.1 - 153 mm (0.004" - 6") Universal, via external power supply CE Fabricated sheet steel with a tough, textured paint finish Width 330 mm, depth 410 mm, height 230 mm 8.3 kg
V ersatile Applications
The Model F is a versatile instrument for colour measurement of products that transmit light as well as opaque solids, powders and pastes (an optional solid sample accessory pack may be required for measuring light-reflecting products). Fats are measured for colour either by transmitted light when in a molten condition or by reflected light when solid. The Model F is available in two formats to meet the requirements of different applications and the national and international standardising bodies which specify the instrument in their official methods for colour measurement: Tintometer Model F Model F (BS 684) Scope
Each format of the Model F is supplied with a complete set of 11 racks containing colour stable glass standards for the Lovibond colour scale (Red 0.1 - 0.9, 1.0 9.0, 10.0 - 70; Y ellow 0.1 - 0.9, 1.0 - 9.0, 10.0 - 70; Blue 0.1 - 0.9, 1.0 - 9.0, 10.0 - 40; Neutral 0.1 - 0.9, 1.0 - 3.0), a sample chamber liner with a white PVC reference, a spare white reference, a pair of spare bulbs, rectangular fused glass cells (one each of 1" and 51/4" for the Model F and a range of cells suitable for the Model F (BS 684)), a colour analysis records book and instructions.
Standard model for applications including fats and fatty oils, bleached lac, liquid chemicals and pharmaceuticals. V ersion for grading animal and vegetable fats and oils according to BS 684 Section 1.14, ISO 15305 and AOCS Method Cc 13e-92. Racks are fitted with colourless glass compensating slides in the sample field. The instrument also includes a black sheath to prevent light entering the sides of the sample cell. Optional Items for Individual Applications Replacement sample Available as single units or in a pack of 3. chamber insert Solid sample A selection of sample holders for various types of light reflecting products: a short optical cell (W560/OG/10 mm), holders for powders accessory pack and opaque liquids, solid sample clamp and detachable magnetic white reference. Individual holders can be ordered separately if required. Conformance filter sets Sets of graded glass filters, representing a spread of colours from the Lovibond Colour scale are available for quick and simple calibration checks.
/8"
4/30AS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 units Comparator 2000+ 10 mm cell W680/OG/10 4/30BS 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 units Comparator 2000+ 10 mm cell W680/OG/10 Pt-Co/Hazen/APHA 4/28 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500 mg Pt/l Comparator 2000+ 40 mm cell W680/OG/40 Colour 4/28A 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 Comparator 2000+ 40 mm cell W680/OG/40 NSH 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 mg Pt/l Nessleriser 2150 Nessler cylinders AF 306/P NSB 70, 85, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250 mg Pt/l Nessleriser 2150 Nessler cylinders AF 306/P NSX 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg Pt/l Nessleriser 2150 Nessler cylinders AF 306/P CA A 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg Pt/l Nessleriser 2250 250 mm cylinders DB 420 CBB 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 mg Pt/l Nessleriser 2250 250 mm cylinders DB 420 1209/1 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg Pt/l Nessleriser 1209 100 ml cylinders DB 423 1209/2 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 mg Pt/l Nessleriser 1209 100 ml cylinders DB 423 Iodine Colour 4/57 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 mg/100 ml Comparator 2000+ 25 mm cell W680/OG/25 4/58 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 mg//100ml Comparator 2000+ 10 mm cell W680/OG/10 4/59 60, 70, 80, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg/100ml Comparator 2000+ 10 mm cell W680/OG/10 4/60 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 mg/100 ml Comparator 2000+ 2.5 mm cell W680/OG/2.5 Dichromate Colour Index 4/62 0.5, 0.75, 1. 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 Comparator 2000+ 25 mm cell W680/OG/25 4/63 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Comparator 2000+ 25 mm cell W680/OG/25 Optional Items for Individual Applications Daylight 2000 Lighting Unit A standardised benchtop light source to guarantee constant lighting conditions for accurate colour grading, particularly when the sample is very pale in colour.
Pt-Co/Hazen/APHA Colour Pt-Co/Hazen/APHA Colour, Low Range Pt-Co/Hazen/APHA Colour, Low Range, ISO 6271
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Accessories
Colorimetry Cells
W supply precision fused cells in a range of e dimensions and path lengths, made from optical glass to the highest standards at our own factory. For instruments equipped with a heater unit and whenever cells are subjected to thermal shock, it is recommended that borosilicate cells be used.
Series Use Path Length 10 mm 25 mm 40 mm 50 mm 100 mm 1 /16" 1 /4" 1 /2" 1" 2" 51/4"
W600 Optical W600 Borosilicate PFX995/950/880/195 Series,Tintometer Model F Order Order Code Type Code Type 60 59 60 60 59 90 60 60 20 60 62 00 60 60 30 60 60 40 60 60 60 60 60 70 60 60 80 60 60 90 60 61 30 W600/OG/10 W600/OG/25 W600/OG/40 W600/OG/50 W600/OG/100 W600/OG/1/16" W600/OG/1/4" W600/OG/1/2" W600/OG/1" W600/OG/2" W600/OG/51/4" 65 59 60 65 59 90 65 60 20 65 62 00 65 60 30 65 60 40 65 60 60 65 60 70 65 60 80 65 60 90 65 61 30 W600/B/10 W600/B/25 W600/B/40 W600/B/50 W600/B/100 W600/B/1/16" W600/B/1/4" W600/B/1/2" W600/B/1" W600/B/2" W600/B/51/4"
W680 Optical Comparator 2000/3000 Order Code Type 60 68 10 60 68 60 60 68 90 60 69 30 W680/OG/10 W680/OG/25 W680/OG/40 W680/OG/50
Certified Colour Reference Standards Ideal for routine calibration & verification of test data Ensure good inter-laboratory and inter-instrument
correlation
Nominal Certified Value 0.3R 2.0Y (5 /4") 1.0R 9.0Y (51/4") 1.2R 12.0Y (51/4") 2.2R 22.0Y (51/4") 3.4R 28.0Y (51/4") 2 5 8 0.4R 1.9Y 0.1N (51/4") 1.0R 4.3Y 0.1N (51/4") 1.4R 7.3Y 0.2N (51/4") 1.6R 11.0Y 0.1N (51/4") 1.8R 14.0Y 0.3N (51/4") 2.5R 24.0Y 0.5N (51/4") 3.3R 33.0Y 0.3N(51/4") 5 10 15 30 50 100 500
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Order Code 134240 134250 134260 134270 134280 134200 134210 134220 134080 134090 134100 134110 134120 134130 134230 134140 134150 134160 134170 134180 134190 462803
Accreditation ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 17025 ISO 17025 ISO 17025 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 ISO 17025
Supplied in a 500 ml bottle with a 12-month shelf life Full traceability to internationally recognised standards All classified as non-hazardous according to EU directives Each bottle supplied with full certification including MSDS
Gardner Colour
Pt-Co/Hazen/APHA Colour
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Lovibond House
Solar Way
Solstice Park
Amesbury
SP4 7SZ
UK
Email: sales@tintometer.com
Lovibond & Tintometer are registered trademarks of The Tintometer Limited. Registered Office: Lovibond House UK. Registered in England No 45024
920050_V9_05/07
w w w. t i n t o m e t e r. c o m