Developing and Optimizing Android* for Intel Atom Processor-based Mobile Devices

Dawei Cheng, Communication Application Enabling Engineer, Intel Yang Wang, Sr. Technical Consultant Engineer, Intel Ailin Yang, Technical Marketing Engineer, Intel

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Agenda
Section Developing Apps for Intel Architecture (IA)-based Android Devices Board Support Package (BSP) for Android Android Optimizations for IA Audience App Developers OEMs and ODMs App Developers, OEMs, ODMs All Device Focus Smartphones & Tablets Tablets Smartphones & Tablets All

Summary

The PDF for this Session presentation is available from our Technical Session Catalog at the end of the day at: intel.com/go/idfsessionsBJ
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Two Types of Android* Applications

Dalvik Application

Android* NDK Application

Java* Native Library

Java Source

Compile with Javac

Compile with Javac

Dynamic Library Application File Compile and Link C Code Makefile C Source Code
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Java Native Library Class

Android App Class

Create C header with Javah -jni

Head File

Android* Native Development Kit (NDK) Introduction

Build performance-critical portions of your apps in native codes Reuse existing native codes Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager
Significantly enhances performance for a variety of Android* IA emulator functions See http://software.intel.com/enus/articles/intel-hardwareaccelerated-execution-manager/

Android developer community:

http://software.intel.com/zhcn/android/

Visit the Android Developers Zone on the Intel Software Network for more information about developing Android apps for IA devices
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NDK Application Development and Porting for IA Devices

Create Native Codes Create Make File
APP_ABI := x86

Compile Native Codes

Call it from Java*

Debug with GDB

SDK API

Java Android* ApplicationsApplication

Java Framework
i. ii. iii. Can run in x86 directly Adjust UI resolution Adjust memory allocation for higher resolution i. ii. iii. Recompile native codes Recompile share library Porting ARM* assembly codes

JNI Native Libs C Framework NDK API

Most Android applications are Java* codes only and can run on IA devices directly; only a small number of applications contain native codes and need porting.
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Native Codes Development Consideration

Memory alignment
Force memory alignment
struct TestStruct { int mVar1; long long mVar2; int mVar3; }; -malign-double
ARM

x86

Porting NEON instructions (ARM*) to SSE instructions (Intel)

Assembly: consider the architecture difference in big endian and little endian; Consider registers storage limits;

Narrow Q register

NEON native C libs cant be reused in Intel Atom based platforms

General Performance Optimizing

Performance tuning
Use inline functions
inline int max(int a, int b) { return a > b ? a : b; }

Use data type float instead of double Multithreaded program to make full use of Intel Hyper-Threading Technology on Intel Atom processors
More information : http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-

Make GCC build codes more effective

-march=atom

technology/hyper-threading/hyper-threading-technology.html

Add platform specific compile arguments Use specific instructions

-msse4 -mavx -maes

Options.html

More information:

http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/i386-and-x86_002d64-

Section Summary
The majority of Android* app just run on IA
Native apps should be recompiled using the Android NDK Architecture (ARM*, IA) specific assembly instructions should be appropriately coded

Make full use of IA features to improve your Android application performance

Add platform specific compile switches to make GCC build codes more effective

Agenda
Section Developing Apps for Intel Architecture (IA) based Android* Devices Board Support Package (BSP) for Android Android Optimizations for IA Audience App Developers OEMs and ODMs App Developers, OEMs, ODMs All Device Focus Smartphones & Tablets Tablets Smartphones & Tablets All

Summary

Key BSP Features at a Glance

Android* CTS / CDD Compliant
Multimedia
HW-accelerated graphics VP8 video decode optimizations HW-accelerated video decode H.264 1080p @ 30fps MPEG-4 Level L3, L5 H.263 baseline L70 WMV9 multi-level support VC1 1080p @ 30 fps HW-accelerated video encode H.264, MPEG-4, H.263 HW-accelerated audio decode HE-AACv1, HE-AACv2, MP3, PCM/Wave HW-accelerated Flash / AIR

2nd Screen
HDMI 1.3a Clone mode 2 channel LPCM audio @ 44.1kHz Hot Plug support Logo compliancy testing

Imaging
Burst mode 10 full resolution (8 MP) photos per second Front and Rear-Facing cameras, LED Flash Color correction, red eye removal Video & image stabilization Take snapshots while recording video Auto white balance / focus / exposure Geo tagging support Single-Motion Panorama Mode Zero Shutter Lag Exposure

Connectivity
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR, 6 profiles WiFi WiFi Direct WEP; WPA/WPA2 PSK EAP-TLS, 802.1x Enterprise GPS (A-GPS & standalone)

Sensors
Accelerometer, Gyroscope Ambient Light Barometric pressure, Magnetometer, Temperature

Security / DRM / Power

HW-assisted secure boot and full disk encryption Netflix* DRM (Playready) Power and Energy Management

Intels Board Support Packages include all IA optimizations; CDD-compliance reduces time-to-market for OEMs
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Agenda
Section Developing Apps for Intel Architecture (IA) based Android* Devices Board Support Package (BSP) for Android Android Optimizations for IA Audience App Developers OEMs and ODMs App Developers, OEMs, ODMs All Device Focus Smartphones & Tablets Tablets Smartphones & Tablets All

Summary

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Android* Optimizations for Intel Atom Processor Based Platforms

Performance Tuning
Dalvik VM runtime optimizations
x86 Trace-based JIT Native Code Generation Enhanced memory management (garbage collection) JNI streamlining

Power Reduction
Power Management for Android OpenGL* ES 1.1/2.0 Driver HW Overlay HW Accelerated Media decode/encode Library to integrate w/ Android & reference implementation (MIX) Standard SoC drivers, middleware and applications optimized for power

Tuning of native libraries Bionic C optimizations Javascript & HTML5 optimization Linux kernel and drivers

Intel has a rich history optimizing Java for IA. Weve applied that knowledge to Dalvik Java with impressive results.
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Intel Atom Processor Optimizations

Dalvik Runtime Optimizations
No Trace JIT1 Trace JIT enabled

Android* Native Library

No SSE2 with SSE

1.8 1.6

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Performance
Linpack CaffeineMark*

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Performance

1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

HTML5 Slideshow HTML5 Zoom HTML5 HTML5 Fancy Show Animation JetBoy* Album Stress Slideshow(SA)

5 4 3 2 1 0

Up to 6x Improvement!

Source: Intel Software and Solutions Group 1 Intel Z670 reference design with Honeycomb 2 SSE = Streaming SIMD Testing on Intel Z2460 CDK with Gingerbread.

Significant improvements in both web (HTML5) and Java* workloads due to optimizations for Intel SSE instructions in Android graphics libraries.

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Agenda
Section Developing Apps for Intel Architecture (IA) based Android* Devices Board Support Package (BSP) for Android Android Optimizations for IA Audience App Developers OEMs and ODMs App Developers, OEMs, ODMs All Device Focus Smartphones & Tablets Tablets Smartphones & Tablets All

Summary

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Our efforts starting to gain recognition from the Android* Community

Pre-built Intel Atom Images Android* SDK manager has x86 emulation images built-in Thanks to contributions to AOSP from Intel, the emulator now supports To emulate an Intel Atom-based in virtualization mode on Windows and Mac running x86 system images Android phone, install the Intel emulator running at near native speed. OSX. This allows the Atom x86 System Image available indownloads in the first week! 34,000 the Android SDK Manager
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/installing-the-intelatom-tm-android-x86-emulator-image-add-on-from-theandroid-sdk-manager/

Faster Emulation Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager (HAXM) for Mac and Windows Highlighted by uses Intel Virtualization Technology Google at Game emulation (Intel VT) to accelerate x86Developer Conference 1200 by an order of magnitude downloads in first week Intel VT is already supported in Linux* (KVM) for x86
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-hardwareaccelerated-execution-manager/

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Momentum is Building

and from the press

Intel Smartphones Coming to UK, France, China India

February 27, 2012

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Summary
The majority of Android* apps just run on Intel Architecture (IA) Intel board support packages for Android include the latest IA optimizations and pass Android CTS, speeding time-to-market for device makers Intel has been optimizing Android for IA for many years with impressive results

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Where to get more info

Intel Software Network (ISN) Intel Android Developer Website

Real developers sharing knowledge and offering help Dedicated communities and forums focused on your interests Worldwide reach News and insights on cutting edge technology Great content you wont find anywhere else Technical articles, tools, and How-To guides Native app porting tips & case studies Info on x86 emulator and Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager Active forums and blogs written by Intel and community experts

www.intel.com/software/android
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Risk Factors

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