CMAS Diver P1 2 3 4 Training V 2007 01 A
CMAS Diver P1 2 3 4 Training V 2007 01 A
CMAS Diver P1 2 3 4 Training V 2007 01 A
( VERSION 2007/01 )
The programmes are described as a sequence of theoretical and practical lessons, wherever possible the practical lesson builds on theoretical knowledge already taught to the student. Suggestions are offered on the time each lesson can be expected to occupy in a normal programme. The lessons have been given codes to describe their place in the programmes. For example, 2T6 is a theoretical lesson ( T ) for two stars diver ( 2 ) and is the sixth in the sequence ( 6 ). 1P2 is therefore the second practical lesson in the one star diver programme.
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1T1 1T2 1T3 1T4 1T5 1T6 1T7 1T8 1T9 1T10 1T11 1T12
Course aims and administration Introduction to equipment Elementary signals Pressure/Volume relationships Principles and use of SCUBA Basic physiology Buoyancy devices Diving suits & other equipment Equipment care Self Rescue & Buddy Rescue Safe Diving Practices Site selection, Conservation
Introduction to equipment SCUBA Skills 1 Snorkelling and SCUBA Skills 2 SCUBA Skills 3 SCUBA Skills 4 Rescue Skills SCUBA Skills review Skills assessment 5 Open Water Dives
1 T 2
1 T 3
ELEMENTARY SIGNALS
Reasons for using hand signals underwater and at the surface. Importance of using the C.M.A.S. International Code of Underwater Signals. Diver to diver signals Diver to surface party signals Signals to be used during course Importance of response to signals ( Time: 25 minutes )
1 T 4
PRESSURE/VOLUME RELATIONSHIP
The basic physics affecting diving Atmospheric pressure and hydrostatic pressure, absolute pressure. Relationship between pressure and volume ( Boyles laws ). Gases under pressure, composition of air. Effects of pressure on body air spaces, changes in pressure. Compression problems: mask squeeze, ear and sinuses under pressure, equalisation. Expansion problems, breath holding.. Buoyancy factors and adjustment ( Time: 40 minutes )
1 T 5
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1 T 6
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY
The human life support system, the respiratory system, the metabolic process. The gas exchange within the lungs, the role of each gas. Exhaustion, drowning, hypoxia, hypothermia, prevention. ( Time: 40 minutes )
1 T 7
BUOYANCY DEVICES
Importance of wearing a buoyancy compensator for comfort during the dive and for use in an emergency, at the surface or underwater. Essential features of different types. Suitability for different types of diving. Dangers of rapid ascent, controlling ascent Use for buoyancy adjustment, recommended procedure Methods of inflation, MP air, HP air, oral, CO2, advantages / disadvantages Preparation, fitting, care ( Time: 30 minutes )
1 T 8
1 T 9
EQUIPMENT CARE
Importance of a proper maintenance procedure for all diving equipment. Pre-dive preparation, after-dive care. Value of fresh water rinse and general cleanliness Special care for perishable items, rubber, suits. Prevention of corrosion to metal parts. Protection for damage in transport. Regular testing and servicing. Storage, off-season. ( Time: 30 minutes )
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1 P 2
SCUBA SKILLS 1
Assembling the SCUBA set, fitting and checking the regulator, air supply, fit of harness, buoyancy/weight equipment. Entering the water, breathing from the aqualung in different attitudes, checking and adjusting buoyancy. Finning and moving while wearing SCUBA. Remove, replace and clear mouthpiece. Remove, replace and clear mask. Breathe from alternative air supply. Static sharing SCUBA. Surfacing and leaving water. ( Time: 60 minutes )
1 P 3
Snorkelling skills, entering the water, leaving the water. Feet first descent. Surface dives while swimming. Longer breath-hold dives. Removing and recovering basic equipment. Using and fitting a weight belt. Repeat mask and snorkel clearing SCUBA skills, entering and leaving the water. Improve mouthpiece clearing and mask clearing technique. Improve finning technique. Demonstrate buoyancy control. Share SCUBA following out of air simulation. Remove SCUBA at surface. ( Time: 60 minutes )
1 P 4
SCUBA SKILLS 3
Further entry techniques. Improve basic techniques, mask clearing, finning. Mobility exercises, rolls, buoyancy control. Remove and replace weight belt underwater. Remove and replace SCUBA underwater. Surface, fit snorkel and swim on surface using snorkel while wearing SCUBA, replace SCUBA mouthpiece and descend. Exit from water via ladder from deep water. ( Time: 60 minutes )
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1 P 5
SCUBA SKILLS 4
Improve familiarity with buoyancy device or life-jacket. Inflate for surface support. Control buoyancy at bottom and in mid water. Control rate of ascent by release of air, demonstrate ability to stop. Use of buoyancy for lift in an emergency, controlled buoyancy lift. Rapid dumping of air, use of alternative inflation systems. ( Time: 60 minutes )
1 P 6
RESCUE SKILLS
Controlled buoyancy lift of victim to surface. Surface support and towing. Correct position for expired air resuscitation at surface, importance of neck extension. Calling and signalling for help. ( Time: 60 minutes )
1 P 7
1 P 8
SKILLS ASSESSMENT
All skills learned so fare are checked and assessed to ensure that they can be performed at the required standard. The combination of exercises is performed in sequence will also provide a measure of the students fitness and stamina. It must be remember that, after this lesson, suitable students are considered ready to continue their training in open water. ( Time: 60 minutes )
On completion of each lesson the instructor should assess the students ability and ensure that they have adequately acquired the skills included in each lesson. It is particularly important that this assessment is made during lessons 1P4 and 1P6.
1 P 9
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Diving related illnesses First aid and rescue procedures Calculating air requirements Nitrogen absorption Deep diving Decompression tables Dive planning and organisation Unterwater Navigation
Open water diving procedures Rescue skills SCUBA skills open water practice Unterwater Navigation 1 -20
Skills Assessment
2 T 2
2 T 3
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2 T 4
NITROGEN ABSOPRTION
Absorption of gases in liquids, absorption of air into body tissues. Toxic effects of gases. Physiological problems; narcosis. Decompression sickness, mild forms, severe forms. First aid and treatment for decompression sickness. Avoidance of decompression sickness. ( Time: 40 minutes )
2 T 5
DEEP DIVING
The problems related to deep diving. Reasons for and against deep diving. Physiological problems, narcosis, decompression. Depth limitations. Physical problems, buoyancy, thermal isolation, air density and purity. Equipment considerations. Planning requirements. Response to emergencies. ( Time : 30 minutes )
2 T 6
DECOMPRESSION TABLES
Used to avoid decompression sickness and related problems. Principle of operation, review of nitrogen absorption. The form and layout of the tables. Using tables for no-stop diving. Single dives. Multiple dives. Diving at altitude. Flying after diving. Keeping records, log-books. Instrumentation used. Importance of planning. Practice in decompression table use. ( Time: 90 minutes )
2 T 7
2 T 8
UNDERWATER NAVIGATION
Underwater navigation, without a compass. The compass, types, suitability. How to use a compass when diving. Taking a bearing, planning a course. ( Time: 30 minutes )
KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT
Before granting the qualification, the instructor should ensure that the student has retained and understood the knowledge required to be a safe two star diver. The assessment will usually take the form of a prepared written text using multi choice questions which allow a coverage of many topics in a short period. Weaknesses which are suggested by the result of this paper can then be investigated by further oral questioning if necessary.
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2 P 2
RESCUE SKILLS
Following lesson 2T2, the skills described should be practises in an open water situation. Towing victim on the surface, various methods. In-water E.A.R. Removing equipment. Towing and landing to a beach, to a small boat. Practice E.A.R. and E.C.C. on land. Complete emergency exercise. ( Times: 90 minutes )
2 P 3
SCUBA SKILLS
Improve divers confidence by repeating skills acquired in one star course in the open water situation. Various forms of water entry. Buoyancy adjustment procedures, use if weight belt and buoyancy compensator. Review surface and underwater signals. Remove and refit mask at medium depth. Remove and replace mouthpiece at medium depth. Practise buddy breathing and use secondary air supply or octopus. Leaving the water on a beach, into a boat. ( Time: 90 minutes )
2P4
UNDERWATER NAVIGATION
Using a compass on land. Using a compass on the surface. Using a compass underwater. Swimming in straight lines, swimming reciprocal courses. ( Time: 60 minutes )
EXPERIENCE DIVES
The 20 dives which go to make up the experience of the two star diver should cover a suitably wide range of different diving conditions and, as far as possible, include the following: Beach dives with sloping entry. Sea water dives. Fresh water dives. Diving from small boats. Diving from larger boats. Limited visibility dives. Diving during the night Moving water dives Dives in cold water. Dives to 25 / 30 metres. It is appreciated that this combination of variety of dives will not always be available to the dive centre or club. However, the underlying principle is that the divers experience should equip him for a variety of diving conditions, and should not represent a repeat of a similar experience on each occasion. Each dive should be at least 20 minutes duration and should be in the 10 30 metres depth range.
SKILLS ASSESSMENT
The divers ability should be assessed by the instructor during the course of the dives being carried out. It will not normally be necessary to carry out a final assessment of all skills at the end of the course, but this can be done if the need exists. It is preferable to check one or two skills on each experience dive and to look for a steadily improving ability over this period.
C.M.A.S. Diver *, **, ***, ****Training Program Diver Version 2007/01 9/12
TRAINING PROGRAMME
The three star diver is a fully trained, experienced and responsible diver who is considered competent to lead other divers of any grade in open water. The course must be conducted by qualified instructors and supervised by an instructor of at least two star grade. The course will require the availability of suitable open water diving sites, together with some specialised facilities. The dive experience element of the qualification will require the diver to accumulate a broad range of experience under varying conditions and varying depths.
THEORY LESSONS PRACTICAL LESSONS
Small boat handling Underwater navigation Underwater search and recovery Compressor operation Accident management Organising a group dive Physics / physiology review) Diving equipment review
3P1 Small boat handling 3P2 Underwater navigation 3P3 Underwater search and recovery 3P4 Compressor operation 3P5 Assisting a dive organiser 3P6 Acting as a dive organiser Further experience as dive organiser: 50 experience dives Skills assessment
Knowledge assessment
3 T 2
UNDERWATER NAVIGATION
Underwater navigation, without a compass. The compass, types, suitability. How to use a compass when diving. Taking a bearing, planning a course. Measuring distance, time, depth. ( Time: 40 minutes )
3 T 3
3 T 4
COMPRESSOR OPERATION
Principles of operation of a compressor. Purity of air, filtration. Operating procedures, filling cylinder. Compressor controls. Use of storage bank. Records and legal obligations. ( Time: 60 minutes )
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3 T 5
ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT
What can go wrong. Avoiding accidents, importance of planning. Actions in an emergency. Weather and water conditions. Condition of divers, fitness, health, experience. Missing diver(s). Boat breakdown. Diving related problems. Injuries. Rescue management. First aid and aftercare management ( Time: 60 minutes )
3 T 6
3 T 7
3 T 8
KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT
Before granting the qualification the instructor should ensure the student has retained and understood the knowledge required to be a safe C.M.A.S. three star diver. The assessment will usually take the form of a prepared test using multi-choice questions which allow the coverage of many topics in a short period. Weaknesses which are suggested by the result of this paper can then be investigated by further oral questioning if necessary.
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3 P 2
UNDERWATER NAVIGATION
Using a compass on land. Using a compass on the surface. Using a compass underwater. Swimming in straight lines, swimming reciprocal courses. Taking bearings and planning courses. Measuring / estimating distance. Show ability to bring back a dive team to the departure point ( Time: 60 minutes )
3 P 3
3 P 4
COMPRESSOR OPERATION
Pre-operation checks, starting procedure. Inspection of cylinders prior to filling. Connection of cylinders to compressor panel. Charging operations, use of bank. Shut-down procedure, care of filters. ( Time: 60 minutes )
3 P 5
3 P 6
EXPERIENCE DIVES
The CMAS Three Star Diver must have minimum 50 dives at the time of certification of which 20 dives should be on the 30 meter range The dives logged should demonstrate the divers broad experience of diving under varying conditions and ver a period of time suitable for the accumulation of skills and knowledge. The log should indicate those dives where the diver has been responsible for other divers or for the planning of the diving operation.
SKILLS ASSESSMENT
The main qualities to be assessed by the instructor will be the students ability to organise and lead other divers, together with a demonstration of competence in the areas covered by the programme. The three star diver must be fully trained and should therefore not display areas of weakness in the practical performance of diving.
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