Ironcad 9 Textbook

IronCAD and Inovate version 9
by Jerry Craig
Pictures from IronCAD Gallery
SDC Publications Mission Kansas
IronCAD V9 & INOVATE
Fair Use Statement
IronCAD version 9 Series 9 Copryright 2007 All rights reserved.
Fair Use Statement

This Textbook in Adobe PDF fomat may be freely distributed for use in IronCAD training. This textbook may not be sold in any form. Printed copies are available from: Schroff Publications 5424 Martway Drive Mission, Kansas 66205 (913) 262-2664 www.schroff.com
Table of Contents
IronCAD v9 and Inovate
Table of Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 13 14 Introduction TriBall 2D Drawing Geometry Animation Normal Surfaces Inclined Surfaces Oblique Surfaces Curved Surfaces Tools Catalog Assemblies Detail Drawings 2D Drawings Auxiliary Views Sectional Views Dimensioning Sheet Metal Mechanism Mode Importing / Exporting Index 5 35 59 79 95 109 125 137 149 171 176 195 196 199 201 206 217 233 245 249
Table of Contents
Updates, Corrections and additional files

http://engr-tech.com for timely updates and downloads. Corrections will be posted as soon as
possible. Downloads for problem files will be posted. Please let us know if you find errors. We appreciate suggestions on textbook content and style.
jwcraig@engr-tech.com
Additional Textbooks
Freehand sketching skills are important for engineering and technical students. In our Engineering Graphics courses we introduce new CADD topics using freehand sketching. This allows students to see the relationships between visualizing with a sketch and modeling the objects on the computer. Typical class schedules are posted on http://engr-tech.com Textbooks with formatted sketching problems are availble from http://www.schroff.com "Engineering Graphics Technical Sketching"by Jerry Craig "Engineering Graphics Text and Workbook" by Jerry Craig
Introduction
Introduction
IronCad is used to create computer models of objects for all types of engineering designs. Early CADD (Computer Aided Drawing/Design) software was programmed to emulate the way drawings were made as two-dimensional shapes on paper. As computer power and speed increased, the ability to represent three-dimensional objects became possible. 3D features were added to existing software resulting in unnecessarily complex commands to create simple shapes. IronCad was written to create 3D solid models using clear, concise commands. Much less time is needed to learn to use IronCad. Working drawings for production may be created in the IronCAD Drawing Environment. INOVATE is a modeling-only software. Nearly all the modeling features of IronCAD have been incorporated into this software. It is intended for use by designers who need to create 2D layouts, 3D solid models and assemblies. Producting 2D working drawings is done by opening the INOVATE model files in IronCAD. Many companies and schools provide INOVATE so people can work at home.

From the time of the Industrial Revolution to 1984 drawings were made using drawing boards, T-squares, triangles, protractors, compasses and other mechanical tools. Manual drawing was exacting and time-consuming. Changing drawings and keeping drawings up to date was a major task. Early drawings were created on starched linen cloth. Lines were drawn in ink. Plastic coated paper and Mylar plastic film are currently used for both manual and computer drawing plots.
Introduction
Drafting machines were an improvement over drawing boards and T-squares. The 90 degree scales and a built in protractor increased productivity by 30 %.
In 1984 the first IBM-PC computers made drawing on a computer screen possible at reasonable cost. With a 4.77 mhz processor and two 360k floppy disks it was possible to do professional drafting. Early software emulated the drawing methods used on paper - line by line, circle by circle. Drawings were still two dimensional. Screens were black and white and the mouse was not available. Rapid computer advancements and software improvements changed engineering and architecture. The switch from manual to computer drawing took only five years, far faster than the change from typewriters to word processors!
Introduction
Units of Measure
Metric In the United States there are a number of measurement systems in use. While the rest of the world has standardized on the Metric System, U.S. Industries have clung to the old English measurements. The older measurements are often much harder to read and calculate with. Slowly, the U.S. is changing to the world standard. Millimeters are the preferred unit for most metric measurements. At times, centimeters may be specified. The conversion can be seen, 10 millimeters = 1 centimeter. Fractional Inch A carryover from the English system which is still used by some industries. Reading the scale takes practice. Calculating using fractional measurements is awful.
Decimal Inch By dividing an inch into 10 parts (0.10 in.) and 100 parts (0.01 in.) the advantages and ease of decimal calculations may be applied to English measurement. This scale is/was widely used in the automotive, aircraft and electronics industries.
Architectural Still in almost universal use in building and construction work. Measuring and calculating architectural units is confusing because of the conversions needed: Feet to inches. Inches to Fractions ..... And back. This is the most difficult system of measurement in use today.
IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Drawing Sheets
Introduction
Inch Size Drawing Sheets Metric Size Drawing Sheets Manual and computer drawings are placed on standard sheet sizes. Early manual drawings were created on starched linen cloth. Later, plasticised paper and Mylar plastic film were used. Some projects now use only computer images or paperless drawings. Title Blocks Drawings are placed on title blocks to provide standard information about each sheet. Items like company name, date, drafter, engineer, tolerances, part name, project name, etc are shown. Companies will provide standard title blocks for each project or job. Drawing Plotting Creating drawings from computer designs requires some type of mechanical printer or X-Y plotter as shown. Older plotters used pens to draw lines on one of the paper sizes listed above. Ink pens were slow, messy and often skipped in the middle of a plot. Plotters had multiple pen carousels which allowed plotting different line thicknesses. Color pens could also be used. Laser and Ink Jet plotters have replaced pen plotters. These are faster, much more reliable and allow variable line widths as well as many thousands of colors. Drawing Copying Drawings are plotted on transparent paper or film. Copies are made for use in the field or the shop. Diazo copies are quick and inexpensive for large sheet sizes. A = 8 x 11 B = 11 x 17 C = 17 x 22 D = 22 x 34 E = 34 x 4, 5, 6 A4 = 210mm x 297mm A3 = 297mm x 420mm A2 = 420mm x 594mm A1 = 594mm x 841mm A0 = 841mm x 1189mm
Diazo process. Hot ammonia gas develops the copy image.
Introduction Drawing vs Modeling

Drawing Early computer software created drawings very much like using a drawing board and t-square. Lines and circles and shapes were drawn to represent the shape of an object. Several views might be needed to represent a three-dimensional object. Changes to the drawing were done by erasing and re-drawing lines much the same as would be necessary for a pencil and paper drawing. Drafters required a number of skills including the ability to visualize the correct view lines for each direction shown, scale reading and measuring, pencil and ink drawing and manipulation of the t-square and triangles.
A pictorial view of a part is shown. The arrows show the view directions.
A multiple view drawing of the part is shown. Note the location and alignment of the views. This follows the ANSI (American Standard). Also, notice the use of dashed lines to denote hidden features. The drawing has been placed on a title block.
Modeling - IronCAD & Inovate With the availability of inexpensive, powerful, fast computers, companies like IronCAD have re-designed the process of designing parts and the software interface has become much more efficient. Now, parts are created as mathematical, three-dimensional, solid models. Parts are sculpted on the computer much like creating a clay model by adding protrusions or cutting holes. During the design process, changes are constantly being made. Using solid models makes updates very fast.
IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Drawing - IronCAD only

Third Angle Projection The United States and a few other countries prefer to show the views of a part as shown to the right. The FRONT view is the key view. The TOP view is above the front view. The RIGHT view is to the right of the front view. The LEFT view is to the left of the front view. The BOTTOM view is below the First Angle Projection In Europe and most countries of the world, the views of the part are shown as seen to the right. The FRONT view is the key view. The TOP view is below the front view. The RIGHT view is to the left of the front view. The LEFT view is to the right of the front view. The BOTTOM view is above the front view. Starting a drawing on a standard A, B, C, D, E size sheet will display a 3rd angle view arrangement. Starting a drawing on a metric A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 size sheet will display a 1st angle view arrangement. 3RD Angle Views
Introduction
1st Angle Views
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Introduction IronCad Features

Two Environments: Scene (Modeling) - part creation Drawing - detail views of models. English or Metric Units Create parts by re-shaping library objects. Or, draw special 2D contours and extrude to 3D part. Design quickly using approximate sizes then set exact size later. Parametrically design parts. View and rotate 3D shaded objects in real time. Quickly create sheet metal parts, gears, fasteners, springs, etc. Assemble parts. Create new parts in the context of the assembly using features of existing parts. Animate machines and assembly processes. Make movies.
Export models and drawings to other CADD software. Import models and drawings. Create models using both PARASOLIDS and ACIS core modeling systems. Easily create catalogs of commonly used shapes for greater efficiency. Use Layers in drawings for compatibility with older CAD software.
IronCad or Inovate PART MODEL
IronCad Detail (Production) Drawing
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Introduction
Starting IronCad or Inovate

From the START menu select IronCad or Inovate
The Welcome Screen has options to: Start a new Scene (Model). Create a Drawing from a model. (IronCAD only). Open an existing scene ( or drawing - IronCAD only). Select Create a New Scene.
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Introduction
Inovate - Startup
Icon to turn datum planes On/Off
Inovate does not prompt for startup screen options. The initial startup screen is a blue gradient background. This may be changed for future startups. Turn Datum Planes On/Off Click the box shown on the Standard Toolbar. Change Background Color __ Right-click the background. __ Select Backgrounnd from the dialog box. __ Change the background color as needed. White is best for exporting models for printing.
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IronCad prompts for the type of background to use to start the new model. Selecting New in Inovate brings up the same screen. Use White.ics. Notice that Workspace English is the default. You can select Workspace Metric if that is needed. __ Click Set Selection as Default Template The Studio option is used to create room layouts or stage settings.
Introduction
Pop Down Menus and Standard Tool Bar View Icons
Main Modeling Screen Major Features:

Dimension Icons
Catalogs Of Shapes
Prompt Area below.
Command specific icons.
The major areas of the IronCad screen are shown. Icons may be greyed out if the command is not appropriate at a certain time. Left-click the mouse to select an icon or command. Right-click for more options.
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Introduction
IronCAD and Inovate screen with white background and Datum Planes turned on.
Coordinate System Display. Pop down the View Menu. Select Coordinate system and other display options. Right-click on a blank area of the screen for additional settings.
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Introduction
SAVE, LOAD, HELP Pop down menus at the top of the screen provide access to commands which may not have icons.
Commands with ( ) after the word will bring up additional dialog boxes. Open... Is shown below
File commands are used to save current models, load existing models, etc.
It is a good idea to save every 15 - 20 minutes.
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Introduction
HELP
IronCad has an extremely useful and thorough HELP menu. Click Help at the top of the screen or type alt H to access by Contents, Index or word Search.
Each Book has sub-references to specific tasks. Clicking the Index tab will allow searching on a specific word or task. Search will find words of phrases in the help files.
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Introduction
The Show-Me animation tutorials are very useful in learning a sequence of steps. There are many more available beyond what is shown in this picture.
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Introduction
Catalogs are located at the right of the screen. They provide a number of common shapes which can be used to create models. Once a shape is selected is dragged using the left mouse key to the scene. The size and shape of the object may be changed using the mouse or by keying in exact sizes.
View Commands Catalogs
Prompt Area
View commands are located at the upper left side of the screen. Place the mouse over an icon and a description window (tool tip) will appear. The lower left corner of the standard toolbar is a dialog box which provides information or next steps.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Placing Objects.

Select an object from a Catalog. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the object to the working screen. Release the mouse button.
Introduction
Dragging the object to the center of the Datum Planes will place the object at 0,0,0 in space. This is done for compatibility with other CADD software.
IronCAD version 9 now supports incar coordinates for compatability with the automotive industry.
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Introduction Part Modes - editing levels

Blue (cyan) Outline entire object = Part Mode. Yellow Outline = Intellishape Editing Mode. Green Outline = Surface, Edge or Vertex Editing Mode. Click the left mouse button on the background to de-select all modes. Click once on the object to select Part Mode. Click a second time on the object to select Intellishape Edit Mode. Click a third time on the object to select Surface-Edge-Vertex Edit Mode. Intellishape (yellow) edit mode is shown at the right. This mode is used to change the shape of the object.
The handles that appear in Intellishape mode may be used to drag the faces to visually re-shape the object Moving near a handle will display the space direction for the handle: L = Length = X-axis W = Width = Y-axis H = Height = Z-axis Right-click in any mode for a specific menu of commands that apply to that mode or activity.
Left-click and hold the mouse key to drag to a new size. The distance from the opposite face is shown.
Right-click a handle for a list of options and settings. Snap settings allow dragging in increments.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Using the Mouse - Left and Right Keys - Center Key = Cancel
IronCad accesses many commands using mouse-key combinations. Left-click to select items. Right click for menus or options. Right-click on the screen and options appear to split the screen plus other functions.
Introduction
Right-click at Part Level and part related options appear.
Right-click at Intellishape level and editing options appear.
Roll wheel to Zoom. Press down on wheel to click.
Right-click at Face level and face commands are available. Right-click at Edge or Corner level and special commands appear.
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Introduction View (Camera) Commands
IronCad uses the analogy of a camera for many of the view commands. This is very useful for creating alternate views of objects and for animation. Click to select - Click to de-select PAN - move the view on the screen without changing magnification. F2 key. Orbit - hold down the left mouse button to drag the object to a new view. F3 key Dolly camera forward/back. F4 key. Walk camera forward/back and side to side. Ctrl+F2 keys.
Zoom In/Out. F5 key. Zoom Window. Ctrl+F5 keys. Look At. F7 key. Camera Target. (Resets the center of the camera view). Ctrl+F7 keys. Fit Scene. (Zooms all objects to fit the screen). F8 key. Save Camera. Restore Camera. Restore Last. Perspective view On/Off. F9 key.
The most used commands are: Zoom Window Click above left corner. Click lower right corner. Fit Scene. Zooms all objects to fit the screen. Orbit. Rotates objects to allow designer to see other features. Orbit Icon and results from orbiting a view.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Creating Models using Intellishapes.
Introduction
Using catalog shapes is the most basic way to create a unique object. By adding or subtracting shapes the general form can be designed. Pulling or pushing on the shape handles gives an idea of the general proportions needed. Later, accurate sizes and locations may be set.
These shapes will be sized and combined to create a finished product. When objects are dragged to the scene so they do not touch, they will maintain their own shape and identity. When objects are dragged into a scene so they touch, they are automatically combined into a single identity. Their shapes may still be changed.
Shapes sized. Shapes positioned. Shapes combined. Hollow from top to create a non-spill coffee mug.
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Introduction Accurate Sizes
Early in the design process accurate sizes may not be known. As the design progresses, sizes may be changed many times. After dragging an object onto the scene, three or more selection modes are used: Click on the scene background to de-select everything. Click once on an object to select Part Mode. (Blue) Click a second time to select Intellishape Mode. (Yellow) Click a third time to select FEV Face, Edge, Vertex Mode. (Green) Right-Click on a handle. Select Edit Size box. Key in sizes. Either 4.75 or 4+3/4 depending on the use of decimal-inch or fractional-inch measurements. The handle you select will be highlighted in the Edit Size box dialog. That way you know which measurement you are changing. Intellishape Mode: As the cursor moves near the handles, the cursor shape changes. Left-Click and pull or push to change size visually.
Right-Click For a menu to key in accurate sizes.
Remember to start using the correct Units for the drawing. You can change Units at any time using: Format .... Units as shown.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Tutorial - Modeling with Intellishapes
Introduction
More ways of locating objects will be shown later. In this example a 3 wide by 4 long by 1 thick block is modeled. A .75 diameter hole is drilled 1.5 each direction from the lower right corner. Block: Drag a block from the Shapes Catalog. Click on the scene background to de-select all objects. Click once on the block (Part Mode - Blue highlight) Click one more time on the block. (Intellishape - Mode Yellow highlight). Right click on a handle. Set the size box to width = 3.00 length = 4.00 height = 1.00 Hole: Drag the H-Cylinder (Hole Cylinder) from the Shapes Catalog to the upper face of the block. Right click on one of the handles and set length and width to .75. Make sure the height is large enough for the hole to go through the block. Position: Pick Linear Smart Dimension (This menu is usually found on the lower left side of screen).
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Introduction
Be sure the H-Cylinder is in Intellishape Mode. Left click on the green dot at the center of the H-Cylinder. Drag the dimension to the edge of the block and down along the face as shown. Do this again for the second dimension. Right click each dimension value and re-set to 1.50. Right-click each dimension and set Transfer to Drawing
Note: Dimensions must be placed from the center of the Intellishape to the face of the block. Not just to the edge of the block.
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Introduction
Add another hole: .50 diameter. 1.00 each direction from the upper right corner. Use the Orbit View command to see the upper back face. Right-click each dimension and set Transfer to Drawing. Save the model as EX-1.
Drawing Creation - IronCAD Only - (Inovate does not provide drawing creation).
Drawings are used to produce parts. Many companies prefer that only one part be shown on each drawing. Each drawing is presented on a Title Block. Standard sheet (paper) sizes have been set. Be sure the model has been saved to a file. IronCad uses the file extension .ics for saving scenes. (.ics = IronCad Scene) and .icd for IronCad Drawings. The model we just created should be seen as EX-1.ics in a file listing. A model must be saved before a drawing can be created. Drawing sizes are designated by letters: A-size forms may be either horizontal format or vertical format. Notice that A4 is the smallest metric size and A0 is the largest. Reading across, A (USA) and A4 (metric) are about the same size. This is true as you go down the charts. USA Drawing Sizes A = 8 x 11 B = 11 x 17 C = 17 x 22 D = 22 x 34 E = 34 x 60 (or more) Metric Drawing Sizes A4 = 210mm x 297mm A3 = 297mm x 420mm A2 = 420mm x 594mm A1 = 594mm x 841mm A0 = 841mm x 1189mm
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Introduction
Drawings may be created on any of the forms shown. Office type laser printers usually print 8 x 11 or 8 x 14 paper sizes. Special ink-jet, laser or pen plotters are used for larger sheet sizes. For much of the work in this book, 8 x 11 prints are acceptable. IronCAD will automatically scale a large sheet to fit the printer. Text on large sheets then becomes very small but the prints serve well for check drawings. Sheet metal flat-pattern drawings should be scaled full size or 1 = 1 in order to create the parts directly from the print. Select B Size.icd as the form. (This will print OK on a 8 x 11 office printer but it will not be to scale). Notice the tab for Metric forms.
This is a standard title block form.

Note the placement of information in the various boxes. Be sure to fill in the data as shown. Many companies set up pre-formatted title blocks to save time.
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IronCAD V6 & INOVATE Drawings - Placing Views

Click the Standard View icon as shown. Select: Front Top TFR And OK. The views will be placed on the drawing sheet. Placing Center Lines Zoom in. Look for the green outline then click the circle.
Introduction
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Introduction
Finish Dimensioning. Zoom in. Click each dimension and move to a better location. Right-click to move dimension to another view. Use SmartDimension to place overall length and width.
Note: Double-clicking on the text box to edit text may not work if the Template layer is locked. Click Styles and Layers icon and unlock Template layer.
Drawings - Placing Text

Click the Text icon. Draw a box to enclose the text. The box may be re-sized or moved as needed. Double-click on the text box to edit existing text. Text size and centering may be changed using the text dialog box which appears in the standard toolbar. End of IronCAD tutorial Save the drawing as DP-1
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IronCAD V6 & INOVATE Inovate - Printing Models Adding text - Scene View
Text may be added to the model of a part. This is useful when only the model is needed for preliminary evaluation. A bitmap image may be printed or attached to an email. This feature is especially useful for INOVATE users.
Introduction
Scene View. Click the Add Text Annotation icon. Click a point on the part. Click a point for text location. Edit the text.
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Introduction Exporting a Model Bitmap

Be sure to use a white background. __ Save the model. __ Create a folder for saving images. __ Rotate the model to the desired position on the screen. __ Click File Export ...Image Set the file type to .jpg Set the filename to EX-1 __Export the picture to the image folder. You can save the image to the Clipboard. __ Select the object at Part Level. __ Click Edit Copy Open the image file in Paint, Word, etc. __ Click Start Accessories...Paint. __ Paste directly or open the .jpg image file in the Paint Program, Word or other graphics program. __ Print the image to a printer. Note: This only prints the image but does not provide a title block, multiple views or dimensions.
Graphic images - .jpg, .bmp - may be inserted into worprocessor documents for illustrations.
Printing from the Model Screen

__ Set the background to White. __ Rotate the model to the desired view. Zoom to fill the screen __ Put your name on the screen. __ Click Print This will print the model, dimensions and text in pictorial form. (No Title Block.)
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Introduction
Problem 1. Model the part shown. Create a drawing. Save the model and the drawing as EX-2.
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TriBall
TriBall
The TriBall tool has been acclaimed as the most useful aid found in any modeling software. Precise positioning, moving, copying, rotating, aligning, assembling, are just some of the uses of the TriBall.
Tri-Ball
Introduction
Purpose
Activation
Moving Rotating & Aligning
Right-Click Menus
Outer Handles
Linear Translation
Axis of Rotation
Temporary Axis Constraint
Center Point
Align To New Point
Point to Point Translation
Dragging
Use with Axis Constraint
Inner Handles (Orientation Handles)
Orientation of Tri-Ball or Object
Incremental Snapping
CTRL Key
Applications
Positioning Objects
Building Assemblies
Surface Modification
Aligning Surfaces
Editing Surfaces
Creating Drafts
Intellishape Sizeing and Centering
Edge Modification
Blending Edges
Chamfering Edges
Additional modeling techniques are shown which allow changes to surfaces on an object. Surfaces must be aligned to mating surfaces, surfaces must be angled and moved in the process of creating the final design. Finally, modifications to edges are shown. Blends (Rounds and Fillets) are needed so the computer model can exactly describe the finished product.
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Select an object. Activate the TriBall Press Function Key 10 (F10) Pop down Tools, select TriBall Select the TriBall icon from the Standard Menu
TriBall
1. Pick interior axis. 2. Place mouse pointer inside circle. Hold down left key and move mouse to rotate about selected axis.
Rotate about selected axis. (Interior pick)
Move Center Point. (Interior pick)
Move in 2D Plane Move along selected axis. (Exterior pick).
Note: An option to freely rotate in all directions is available. Rotate about center point. (Pick Circle) Linear movements may be approximate or exact. Setting exact distances: Left click and drag. Place mouse cursor over value shown. Click to Edit Value. Key in new value. Apply to see change. OK to accept.
Left Click operations shown here
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TriBall
Right click operations: Right click and drag. Dialog box appears automatically. Select option. Key in distance.
Interior Axis Left Key Rotation: Click on interior axis. Place mouse inside TriBall circle. Hold down left key and push or pull about the axis. Edit value if needed. Interior Axis - Right Click Options Right Click on interior axis. Select from options. An extensive number of options are shown. Descriptions of the options are given on the next page. The listing is excerpted from one of the Help screens for the TriBall. Re-Orient to Global At times, the objects on the screen may get turned slightly from the starting or global location. If this happens: Right click the screen background (not on an object). Click Orient TriBall to Global. This will restore and object to a known orientation. Very usefull tool!
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE TriBall Commands
TriBall
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TriBall TriBall Translation Controls
Additional commands have been added to the 2D Plane option. Select the plane to work from then select the operation. Objects may be moved or copied and the selection point will stay in the same plane. Three bolts were copied from one using the 2D plane so they were all positioned the same distance from the plate.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE TriBall Orientation Controls
TriBall
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TriBall
TriBall Tutorial 1. Create a block 4 x 3 x 1 Insert a H-Cylinder at the corner. Size the H-Cylinder to diameter. If needed, rotate the H-Cylinder to the vertical direction. Turn on the TriBall (Select Icon or press F10) Select the inner lower left axis. Push the cursor inside the TriBall circle. Rotate near 90 degrees. Right click to edit the value. Set to 90. Move the H-Cylinder back and upward to the right 1 Pick the lower right outside handle. Push back and edit distance to 1 Pick the lower left outside handle and push upward. Edit distance = 1
Rotate about this axis 90 degrees.
Copy the H-Cylinder upward to the right 2. Right click on the lower left outer handle and push it upward. Select Copy Here. Set the distance = 2
Finished Part
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TriBall Tutorial 2. Relocating the TriBall. When the TriBall is invoked, it may attach to a point on an object which is inconvenient to use. The TriBall may be moved to another point. These operations reference the center dot (red). Left-click to select the dot then right-click to get the menu. Press the spacebar. The TriBall will change color. This means it has been detached.
TriBall
Use any of the TriBall movement tools. Most realignments use the center point and a right click menu.
Move the TriBall to the desired point. Right-click. Use the To Point option. Press spacebar again to re-attach the TriBall to the desired point.
With the TriBall attached to the corner of the small block, move the small blocks corner to the corner of the large block. Right-click. Use the To Point option.
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TriBall
TriBall Menu. Select an object. Turn on the TriBall. (Press F10 or select icon from standard toolbar). Right click the scene background. A menu showing basic TriBall settings appears. Orient TriBall to Global is very useful if the TriBall has been moved to an unknown angle in space. (This happens frequently when trying to re-set the TriBall). Change Snap Increments. This allows precise angular and linear positioning. Activate Snap by holding down the Ctrl key while moving the TriBall.
Ctrl
+ TriBall action
For more information use Help Index: TriBall
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TriBall Tutorial 3. Coffee Cup. Start a new Scene (Model) Drag a Cone from the Shapes Catalog. Set sizes: Length = 5 Width = 5 Height = 4
TriBall
Rotate the view to see the bottom of the cone. Drag a cylinder next to but not touching the cone. Set the sizes: Length = 2+5/8 Width = 2+5/8 Height = 4
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TriBall
Select the cylinder at Part level. Turn on the TriBall (F10 key) Attach the center of the TriBall to the bottom center of the cylinder. (It may already be attached there). Left click the Scene background. This clears any previous TriBall picks. Right click the TriBall center. Use: To Center Point to move the cylinder to the center of the base of the cone. Select the bottom edge circle and the TriBall will jump to the center of the base.
Select Circular edge
Save your work. Cup
Insert the Torus from the Shapes Catalog. Rotate the view toward the top of the cup. Set the size of the Torus as shown.
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Select the Torus at Part level. Turn on the TriBall. Rotate the Torus 90 degrees about the lower right TriBall Axis. Move the center of the TriBall to the center of the upper cylinder circle. Right Click on the TriBall center and use the To Center Point option. This positions the Torus at the center of the cup. Next, visually move the torus to the right side of the cup. Drag the lower right and upper TriBall handles to locate the Torus. Turn off TriBall. The cone, cylinder and torus are separate objects because they Boolean only two objects at a time. were inserted into the scene Cylinder <---> Cone = Object without touching each other. Object <---> Torus = Cup These objects must be joined (technical term: Boolean - Union) in order to create the hollow cup. Click on the scene background to de-select other picks. Then, click on the cone to select Part level. Hold down the Shift Key and select the cylinder. This combines those two parts into a single temporary group. Pop down the Shapes menu at the top of the screen. Click Boolean.
TriBall
Boolean Toolbar
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TriBall
The final step is to hollow the cup. Select the cup at Part level. Click the Shell Part icon on the Standard menu. Pick the top surface of the cylinder as the surface to leave open. A dialog box appears: Set the Thickness to .1 Click the Green Dot to accept the settings and Shell the part. Click green dot to accept settings.
Rotate the cup to verify the shelling operation. Notice that even the torus has been hollowed out. This tutorial has demonstrated some common TriBall operations: Rotating objects. Moving objects. Assembling objects. Save your work. End of Tutorial. Create a drawing of the cup. Right click each view. Click Properties Select Show Hidden lines
Fill in Your Name, School Name, Part Name. End of Tutorial. Save and Print the drawing.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE TriBall - Assembling parts.
Modifying Surfaces - TriBall
In the previous tutorial, individual shapes were combined to form one shape. This is the process used to model complex parts which are composed of many types of basic catalog shapes. The result was a single part. An assembly (i.e. assembly of parts) is a group of parts which are related to each other in a fixed location to build a structure or a machine. The parts must keep their individual identity and must be aligned precisely with other parts. The TriBall is an excellent tool to use for precise alignments..
Original part with mating part
Bolt, nut and washer added to complete assembly.
Modifying Surfaces - TriBall

Face/Edge Edit Toolbar (Standard Toolbar) Slanted (Inclined) surfaces on objects may be created by modifying an existing face. Edge Edit Face Edit
Click the Move Face icon. The menu bar shown above appears. TriBall is one option available for modifying the face. In this example the face is being rotated 15 degrees about its center.
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Arrays and Patterns - TriBall

Version 5 of IronCAD provides the TriBall with new tools to create patterns (arrays) of objects. Linear Pattern Rectangular Pattern Circular (Radial) Pattern Items that are copied are related. Changing the size of one item will change the size of all items. Changing the spacing of one item will change the spacing of all items. Arrays of arrays may be created with all items asociated as above.
Linear Patterns may be created by right clicking one external axis. Select Create Linear Pattern. Rectangular Patterns may be created: Left click one exterernal axis. Right click the other external axis. Select Create Rectangular Pattern.
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Creating linear and rectangular patterns is dependent on the end of the axis selected and on the order of selection. Selecting the end of an axis determines the direction the pattern will be created. The first axis selected is the first series of inputs in the dialog box.
Right-click inside the TriBall to display this dialog. Select: Show All Handles
2nd Axis Selected
1st Axis Selected
Notice that the 2nd row is offset a distance of .50 by using the Stagger Offset setting.
Radial Pattern
Position the object (hole) Re-set the Triball center to the center of the pattern. Click the Rotation Axis Right click and drag inside the TriBall to show rotation. Fill in dialog.
Click Axis of Rotation
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At times a Notification dialog box will appear. Click Yes to continue. From this point, individual surfaces may be modified but the Intellishape dialog will no longer be active.
Tapering a group of faces.

Click on the Taper Face Icon. Select the first face then hold down the Shift key and select additional faces. A dialog box appears. Click on Create Draft Plane Select the top of the object as the Draft Plane. Click Preview to see the result and the Green Dot to complete the Taper.
Draft Plane
The darker surfaces are tapered 15 degrees to the top surface. This is often done for parts that are cast to shape. Draft angles might be from 2 degrees to 7 or 8 degrees depending on the casting process.
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Modifying Surfaces - Intellishapes

Aligning Surfaces.
Often, a surface on one object must align to a surface on another object. In the example, the small object was dropped onto the large object. The side and back surfaces must align. Click the top block to Intellishape mode. Hold down the Shift key and with the left mouse key, pull the surface into alignment. Move the mouse onto the lower surface. When the lower surface highlights in green, release the left mouse key. The surfaces will be co-planar. Use the same technique for the back surfaces.
Once the surfaces are aligned then the size of the top block may be set. Right click on the handle of the opposite face. Edit the sizebox. The distance set will be measured from the face aligned in the previous steps.
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Modifying Surfaces - Intellishapes Centering alignment.

Create a block 4 x 3 x 1. Drop a second block on the middle of the first block. (As you drag the new block in, watch for a green dot at the center of the first block).
Hold down the Shift key and using the left mouse key, drag the upper left surface back to the right. Move the mouse pointer along the lower right edge until the green center dot appears. This places the surface exactly on center. Right click the same handle and set the distance to: Current distance + 1.5 Right click the opposite handle and set the distance to 3.00 The top block may be centered front - to- back in the same manner. The surfaces were centered with a front to back thickness of 2.00
Green Dot at center
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Composite Shapes

Many objects are composed of basic shapes like rectangular solids, cylindrical solids and hole shapes. Size the rectangular solid Drag in and attach a cylindrical solid to the mid point of the top edge of the rectangular solid. Hold down Shift and drag the back face of the cylinder into the plane of the back face of the rectangular solid. Hold down Shift and drag the front face of the cylinder into the plane of the front face of the rectangular solid. Hold down Shift and drag the diameter of the cylinder into the side face of the rectangular solid. Place the hole.
Tip: Best modeling practice is to generate solids first --- holes next fillets and chamfers --- last.
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Modifying Edges
Modifying Edges
Sharp edges are dangerous so, for most products, edges must be filleted (rounded, blended) or chamfered (tapered). These modifications should be left to last as they often increase the file size, part complexity and the time it takes to regenerate the image. Modeling fillets and chamfers is a very difficult process for the software and often will not complete as the designer might wish.
Fillet
Chamfer
Four vertical edges Chamfered .25 x .25
Faces Filleted .12. By selecting the top face, the tops of each hole were also filleted.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Scene Browser

IronCAD tracks the entities in each part and on the entire scene. The scene browser gives a picture of the structure of all the entities on the screen. It is located on the upper left side of the standard toolbar. Entities may be selected for editing. Entities may be deleted. Entities may be re-ordered. This changes the manner in which the part was created Entities may be renamed. As entities are selected in the scene browser, they will highlight on the screen. This helps when a small or far away item must be selected for editing. Right click an item to display the edit menu. Select Edit CrossSection to change a 2D outline.
Modifying Edges
Parts may be renamed by clicking on the current part name slowly twice. Type in a meaningful part name. This is the name which will appear in the parts list later.
Click the + to see a complete structure
Entities within the part may be named. This helps when the part is being designed by a team and people must interact over networks or the internet
Suppressing Shapes
Clicking Suppress will temporarily remove the item from view. Often, this will help when working on a shape which is covered by another shape.
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Modifying Edges
If you wish to place dimensions - See Chapter 11.
Exercise 1. A. Model the Yoke. B. Create a drawing.
Exercise 2. A. Model the Stop Block. B. Create a drawing.
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Modifying Edges
Exercise 3. Model the part shown. The counterbored hole is: .75 DRILL 1.50 CBORE .75 DEEP Create a drawing. Show Front, Top, Right and Isometric views. If you wish to place dimensions - See Chapter 11.
Problem 4. Model the part shown. Create a drawing.
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2D Drawing
2D Drawing
2D Drawing
Intellishape Modes
Edit Intellishape 2D Outline
2D Cross sections
Need for 2D Layouts
Units Grids Snaps
2D Toolbars
2D Constraints
2D Technical Drawing Tools
2 point Line
Polyline
Rectangle
Circles
Arcs
Tangents
Bezier
B-Spline
Fillet
Offset
Show Dimensions
Show Curve Dimensions
Show Endpoint Dimensions
Construction Tools
Creating Construction Entities
Changing Construction Entities
Construction Tools Menu
2D Constraints
Locking
Perpendicular
Parallel
Tangent
Horizontal and Vertical
Dimension
Equal Length Equal Angle
Mirror
2D Editing
Multiple Selection
Move
Scale
Rotate
Mirror
Offset
Project Edge/Face
Split
Extend
Trim
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2D Drawing
While the Catalogs in IronCAD provide many shapes to aid in part creation, there are times when a unique outline is needed. All objects start as a 2D outline which is then extruded to a 3D shape. Objects which are not shown in the catalogs may be created in two ways: Modify the 2D outline of an existing catalog shape. Create a unique 2D outline using the 2D drawing tools and extrude it to a 3D shape.
Intellishape Modes.
Sizebox Handles (Default) Affects surfaces. Shape Handles -toggle Affects 2D outline. The 2D outline is shown in cyan color. Move the mouse pointer near each edge and a square shape handle appears.
Click icon to toggle modes
Sizebox Handles
Shape Handles. (Point mouse at edge).
Sizebox Handle Editing. Left click on a handle to visually set the size. Right click on a handle to key in exact size or select other options. Right Click Sizebox options
Shape Handle Editing. Left click on a handle to visually set the size. Right click on a handle to key in exact size or select other options. Note the differences. Go to: Help Shape Handles for more information.
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2D Drawing
Edit 2D Cross Section. Right click on the object but not on a handle. A third menu pops up. One option is to edit the cross section which created the catalog object. (Complete explanations of other options are available by using Help). The 2D cross section is displayed on a 2D drawing plane and the 2D drawing tools menus become active. When the changes are complete, click Finish Shape to display the new object. In this example the lower left line was replaced with an arc. A circle was drawn at the mid-point. A closed outline inside a closed outline is considered to be a hole.
Finished part. Reshaping Catalog Items. Right click in Intellishape mode. Click Surface Reshaping Properties. Click Variables. Change a variable.
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IronCAD does not make the 2D drawing tools available in the Scene Environment unless a special type of Intellishape must be created. The items shown are: Extrude Shape Spin Shape Sweep Shape Loft Shape Intellishape Creation Menu. (Standard menu bar).
2D Drawing
Creating 2D outlines. Select one of the Intellishape Menu items. Click on the Scene background or on an existing object.. This invokes a Wizard or series of dialog boxes used to set up the new object.
Clicking on the Scene background creates a Stand Alone object. Clicking on an existing object will provide the option to Add Material or Remove Material.
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2D Drawing
A 2D drawing plane appears. As part of the setup or, after the setup is completed, a grid may be turned on/off if needed.: Tools Menu Pop Down Click Grid Set the grid spacing. Use the check boxes to show/not show the grid and drawing surfaces.
Snap is a special drawing tool which forces the lines, arcs, circles to start or end on grid lines, existing geometry or specified points. These features are selected by check boxes.
Lines and arcs were used to draw the outline. Snap = Grid was set so all endpoints are locked to the grid. The 2D drawing plane expands with mouse movements and geometry. Entities may be selected and erased if needed.
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2D Drawing Tools.
2D Drawing Tools.
These icons appear at the lower side of the Scene. They may be moved anywhere on the screen.
2 point line. Pick start, pick end or right click to set length and angle. Start a line tangent to a circle. Line remains tangent as other end is moved. Start a line perpendicular to a circle. Line remains perpendicular as other end is moved. Polyline. Draw multiple connected line segments. Draw a rectangle. Pick diagonal endpoints. Circle. 1. Pick center. 2. Pick radius or right click to set radius. Circle by diameter. Pick start, pick end or right click to set radius. Circle through three points. Circle tangent to an entity and through 2 points. Right click to set radius. Circle tangent to two entities and through a point. Right click to set radius. Circle tangent to three entities. Arc through two points. Right click to set radius. Arc- center + 2 points. 1. Pick center. 2 Pick start point. 3. Pick end point. Arc though 3 points. 1. Pick start. 2. Pick end. 3. Pick middle. B-Spline. Pick a series of points to define an irregular curve. Fillet a corner between two lines. Right click to set radius. Click to turn on/off. All geometry drawn will be construction 64
2D Drawing Tools.
Construction Geometry. The construction geometry icon toggles between real geometry and construction geometry. Construction Geometry is used to locate or aid in creating real geometry. The final real shape must be a closed figure with endpoints connected and no other entities crossing.

Construction geometry used to locate circle centers.
2D Construction Toolbar. This toolbar must be turned on. View Pop Down menu Pick Toolbars ... Toolbars Click to turn on the 2D Construction Toolbar. These constructions are similar to some of the regular 2D construction commands. The main difference is that they are infinite in length. This makes constructing regular geometry easier.
Show Curve Dimensions. Feedback on the location of endpoints, radius, angle, etc. of entities is important. Two icons provide this type of information.
Show Length and Angle
Show Endpoints
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2D Drawing Tools.
Show Length and Angle
Show Endpoints Click near the end of the line to select display.
Right click on any value to edit the value. There is also an option to lock the point so other editing does not change an important setting. 2D Editing Toolbar. These commands are used to change entities drawn on the 2D plane. The Toolbar is located on the lower left side of the Scene screen.
Note: To select multiple items, select the first item then hold down the Shift key and select more items.
Move selected entities. Right click to input vectors. Scale selected entities. Right click to input scale factor. Rotate selected entities. Right click to input angle. Mirror selected entities. (First draw a construction line to mirror about). Offset. Copy selected entities parallel. Project 3D edges. Used to copy existing part shape to build a new part. Split an entity at selected point. Extend an entity to another entity. Trim. Delete a section of an entity bounded by existing entities.
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2D Drawing Tools.
2D Sketch Techniques Tutorial. Start a Extrude Shape. Use the settings shown. Place constraints to lock geometry to "Engineering Intent."
Draw a rectangle. (Bottom screen toolbar) Place the lower left corner at the X - Y axis 0,0 point 0,0 Using the major and minor grid lines, make the rectangle roughly 1.5 x 2.5 in size. Right-click on the upper end of the vertical line as shown. Change the length to 2.00 The rectangular shape is lost.
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Undo the previous change. Place a dimension constraint on the line as shown. (Bottom screen toolbar) Right-click on the dimension value and change to 2.00. The line could extend either direction! Undo the 2.00. Right-click on the lower line end and lock the point.
2D Drawing Tools.
On many screens, constraints will show in Red.
Place a dimension constraint on the lower line and set the length to 3.00 Reactangle shape is still lost. Additional perpendicular or parallel constraints produce unexpected results.
Using Horizontal and Vertical constraints finally produces the desired shape.
Because so many design changes take place, it is essential to logically and fully constrain shapes. Lock key points. Locate objects in relation to the X - Y axis. When a dimension is changed, the shape should behave as expected. End of tutorial.
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2D Drawing Tools. Tutorial - Creating a 2D Layout.
Early in the design process the shape of a part may be known but, the exact size may not be known. Parts may be created using a 2D (two dimensional) sketch. Part geomery and sizes can be updated quickly by editing the 2D sketch. This is the part to layout. Part thickness is .25
Click Extrude Shape. Click the middle of the screen.
Refer back to this sketch.
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2D Drawing Tools.
Click on the Rectangle icon. Using the major grid divisions click to the left and below the X - Y axis at -3, -2. Click above and to the right of the X - Y axis at 3, 2. (You can drag a corner to the correct location if needed). Indicators are placed on the sketch based on 2D Drawing Options settings. Tools ... Snap ...Show Right-click a indicator to Lock or Unlock as a Constraint.
Part of creating 2D sketches is the ability to control the sketch shape as changes are made. Constraints allow the designer to maintain Engineering Intent. Inovate users will need to turn on the Constraints Toolbar: View ... Toolbars Toolbars Tab 2D Constraints
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2D Drawing Tools.
Draw .75 diameter circles at the mid-point of each side of the rectangle.
Place a Dimension Constraint on the left and right circle centers. Click the X-Y axis origin point Hold down shift and click the circle (not the center) Move the mouse and set the dimension. Right click the dimensions and change each to 2.00. The circles should move to the new location. Draw horizontal lines at the top and botton of the circles as shown.
Click on the Trim Curve icon. Trim out the excess arcs and edges as shown on all four circles. Finish the Shape. Edit the thickness to .25 if needed.
The completed shape is shown. Later, any size may be changed to define the final part. Save the Scene as 2DTutor1. Make a drawing.
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Constraints
Constraints
Placing constraints on a 2D layout provides design intent. The outline created in the previous tutorial is exactly what we want at this time. Any design will change several times before the final form is set. Changing a feature at this point may or may not result in the shape needed. Actually, changing a feature now may result in a very unexpected result. Try it. Click the object just created to Intellishape mode. Right click the object and select Edit Cross-Section. Place a.50 radius Dimension Constraint on each circle as shown. Change the .75 radius to .50 as shown. (Results may vary). How can the sketch be stabilized so changes become predictable? Constraints Toolbar. (Lower right corner of IronCAD Scene).
Perpendicular Tangent Parallel Horizontal (L) Vertical (W) Concentric Dimension Equal Length Angle Co-Linear
Constraints may be applied, deleted, Locked or Un-Locked
Placing a vertical dimension constraint to each center and setting the distance to 0.00 will lock the arc centers to the correct location. (click the X-Y center dot, hold down shift and click the arc). Use a Horizontal constraint on the top/bottom tangent lines
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Constraints
Change the radius of each arc. The shape should change in a predictable manner. Finish the shape Make a drawing.
End of Tutorial.
Tutorial - 2D Drawing Tools

Create a model of the part shown. Thickness = .375 Set Grid 1.00 major .125 Minor Turn off grid snap
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__ Place 4 circles approximately as shown. Center circle radius = .625 Other circles are .50 radius.
Constraints
__ Constrain dimension the centers of the circles. Dimesnion from the X - Y axis point. Hold down Shift Key and click the circle. Move the mouse to select the dimension direction. Click to set. Dimension each circle radius.
__ Pop down Tools... Snap Set the tabs as shown. Snap to Grid may interfere with the tangent geometry to be drawn next.
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Constraints
__ Draw tangent lines on the left and right as shown. __ Draw the tangent circle at the top. Use Tangent-Tangent-Radius from the circle construction menu.
Click the two top circles. Move the mouse to select the correct connection direction. Click to set the circle. Dimension the radius to set the size.
__ Trim the circles. The outline must be a closed loop. The inner circle will create a hole.
__ Finish the construction. Make a drawing. Dimension the part. End of Tutorial.
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Constraints
Problem 1. Model the part. Create Drawing.
Problem 2. Model the part. Create a drawing.
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Constraints
Problem 3. Model the part. Usethe METRIC Workspace. Create a drawing - use the A-size Metric drawing sheet. Part is 10mm thick.
Thickness = 10MM.
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Constraints
Problem 4. Metric Thickness = 20MM Make a drawing. Place dimensions.
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Geometry
Geometry
Geometry
Shape Handles
Editing Using Handles
Construction Lines
Converting Real to Construction
Converting Construction to Real
Locking Geometry
2D Shapes
Applications
Catalogs
Constraints: Length, Radius & Dimension
Parametric Shapes
Tangent Constructions
Tangent Constraints
Dimension Constraints
Circles. Constraints.
Layout Techniques
Other Curves
Ellipses
B-Splines
Many parts require specialized geometry to create the shapes needed. All parts start out as a single 2D outline (Extrusions, Spin Shapes, etc) or as a series of 2D outlines (Loft Shapes). Drawing in 2D becomes an important skill. There is always the need to change the current design so the approach to 2D drawing must take into account the possible unexpected result of modifying a radius or other item of geometry. Constraints on geometry (horizontal, vertical, parallel, concentric, tangent, etc.) are essential in maintaining design intent. Placing constraints will assure that changes will occur in a predictable manner. IronCAD provides an extensive set of 2D drawing tools. Problems may occur when changes to the initial layout are made. Keep backups of parts and quickly use the undo command if geometry behaves erratically.
Cursor Location Reading An X - Y position indicator appears at the lower right side of the Scene when creating 2D outlines. It gives location information as points are set and the drawing is created. Current units and time are also shown.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Editing Using Handles

Geometry may be adjusted using handles or key points on drawing entities. Each entity may have two or more handles which are denoted by larger dots that show as the cursor moves close to the handle location. Each end of a line, the center and radius of a circle, etc. Serve as handles. These entities may be moved or re-sized manually by moving the handle. Entity Handles
Geometry
Right Click on an entity handle to change location by editing the distance or to lock the location.
Construction Line Toggle

Regular lines may be converted to construction lines or construction lines may be converted to regular lines. Right click on an entity and either select or deselect: Use Outline for Construction Only.
Construction Lines are a quick and accurate method of locating key points on a sketch.
Offset may be used to add construction lines by offsetting the L , W axis or other lines.
Offset Construction Lines
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Geometry 2D Shapes
2D Shapes are a special form of object in IronCAD. They have the attributes of a regular 3D solid except they have no thickness. 2D Shapes are created by clicking the icon and clicking a spot on the Scene. The regular 2D drawing and editing toolbars become active. 2D Shapes are created and finished the same as 3D solids. They may be stored in Catalogs and used as a template to create Extrude, Spin, Sweep or Loft solids. 2D Shapes are an excellent way to define interface control drawings. These drawings are used to define the mating surfaces between parts in an assembly. In the example to the right, the 2D Shape was used several times to generate the parts to the assembly. If the all parts are Linked to the 2D Shape then a single change to the 2D Shape will update all the parts. (More on linking later). 2D Shape

The 2D Shape icon is located on the main toolbar.
Top Part
Gasket Bottom Part
Shape Catalogs
Shapes may be stored in custom catalogs. Click Catalogs .... New. Drag the 2D Shape to the new Catalog Save the new Catalog with a unique name. Special Catalogs may be accessed with the Catalog Open command
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Length and Radius Constraints

Insuring design intent on 2D layouts is done by setting the proper constraints. These constraints may be added at the time the drawing is created by selecting the Automatic Constraints from the chart. Adding some constraints may result in over constraining the drawing and a warning dialog box may appear. These same constraints may be added later by using the constraints icons.
Geometry
Right click on the 2D drawing grid to access this dialog.
Note: To look straight at the grid use the Look At Icon (F7)
Dimension Constraint adds either Radius, Length or Location.
Length and Radius constraints have been added to this 2D drawing. Changes in the radius of any of the arcs will maintain the correct geometry but will not change the location of the centers of the top and bottom arcs. Adding the Length and Radius and Location constraints has another use: Parametric Design. By defining these dimensions, IronCAD can compile the uniquely specified lengths and radii into a special table which is accessed by the Show Parameters command. These unique dimensions may even be accessed by other software such as Microsoft Excel.
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Geometry Parametric Design
This is a powerful tool used to drive design changes using spreadsheet type charts. Older CADD software required erasing and re-drawing (just like on paper) when design changes were needed. Newer CADD software like IronCAD provides parametric access to defined lengths and radii. Changing a value in the table will change the drawing/model automatically. Right Click on the 2D drawing grid to access the Parameter Table. The actual dimensions on the drawing are replaced by variables from the parameter table to aid in editing the intended sizes.
Parameters may be actual values or may be driven by formulas (expressions).
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2D Construction Lines are infinte length construction lines which are a great aid to laying out complex geometry. Click View ... Toolbars. Select the Toolbars Tab. Check 2D Construction.
Geometry
Angular
Vertical Horiz
Tangent Perp Bisector
Infinite length construction line
Tangent Constructions
Much special geometry involves tangencies. Line tangent to circle. Circle tangent to circle. Circle tangent to line and circle. Circle tangent to two circles. Circle tangent to three circles and many variations.....
Note: At times you may right click and input a radius rather than selecting a point.
Circle Tangent Construction icons. 1 Tangent and pick 2 points/radius. 2 Tangents and pick 1 point/radius. 3 Tangents.
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Geometry 2D Layout Techniques

IronCAD provides two types of construction lines: Regular 2D lines which may be changed to construction status. Infinite length construction lines from the 2D Constructions toolbar. Divide a line Dimension the line length. Draw a line perpendicular at the end point. Offset the line.
Bisect an angle: Use the 2D Construction tool directly
Draw triangle - 3 sides given. AB= 2.873, BC= 1.42, AC= 2.77 Draw AB=2.873 Draw circle BC=1.42 Draw circle AC=2.77 Locate intersection "C" Draw triangle
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Euclidian Geometry - Locating Centers
Geometry
IronCAD provides many construction options which make creating geometry very fast and accurate. It would be impossible to provide every option. At times it is necessary to set up the location of a key point using traditional 2D Plane Geometry techniques. Arc Through a Point and Tangent to a Circle. A 2 radius arc (circle) must pass through A and be tangent to circle C at B. There is no direct construction for this. Solution: (Think) All points 2in from point A would be on a circle with A as the center and a 2in radius. All points 2in from circle C would be on a concentric circle 2in larger than C. Construction: 1. Using A as a center, draw a 2 radius construction circle. 2. Using C as a center draw a 2 + .500 = 2.500 construction circle. 3. Where the construction circles intersect at D is the center for the circle/arc passing through A and tangent to circle C. 4. Draw the circle and trim back to an arc. D 5. Set the Tangent constraint. A 2 Radius C
B ???
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Geometry
Constructions like the one on the previous page are often needed. It is a good intellectual challenge to reason out the steps needed in a particular situation. Older textbooks on Engineering Drawing, Engineering Graphics or Architectural Drawing often show many examples. Classic texts on Plane Geometry may be of help. CADD software varies greatly from company to company on the 2D constructions that are pre-programmed. All software vendors listen to requests from customers regarding needed capabilities. If enough people ask, a new construction will be added to the next software release. Almost all the newer CADD softwares including IronCAD include a programming language such as Visual Basic which allows users to add their own constructions to those already available.
Polygons
2D drawing commands are also located on the Create pop-down menu.More constructions are shown here than are available on the bottom screen menu. Polygon constructs inscribed or curcumscribed regular polygons with 3 to many corners. Click the center point then right-click to display the Edit Polygon dialog box. Inscribed circle option controls distance across flats This is the most common construction for bolts and other hardware items.
Curcumscribe circle option controls distance across points
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Ellipse

Create using Ellipse or Ellipse Arc. Modify Circle Select the circle. (Left Click). Right click the circle and pick: Curve Properties from the dialog box. De-select circle. Input the ellipse sizes.Handles on the ellipse may be moved for approximate orientations and sizes.
Geometry
Polygons Use the Polyline icon to draw connected lines. Right-click to set length and angle. The Tab key will toggle between input boxes. Angles are measured from Zero degress along the "L" axis.
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Geometry B Spline Curve

A B-SPLINE curve is a mathematically shaped smooth curve that is defined by a series of points. When drawing the points it is best to set up a grid. Set Snap to a logical value in relation to Grid and carefully digitize the points. Curve shape may be edited by moving the handles that appear along the curve. IronCAD does not provide X - Y readings for the intermediate points along the curve.
A Spin Shape was created from the B-SPLINE curve. Exact B-SPLINE contours may be imported. Using a text-only editor such as Notepad, the X - Y values for each point on the curve are listed on each line. The X - Y values may be separated by a comma, tab or space. Below, the points on a curve were typed into Notepad. A comma was used to separate X and Y values. List one point per line. This technique for drawing B-Spline provides great accuracy and makes editing curve shapes more accurate.
IronCAD will import a wide variety of shapes and objects created in other CADD software, spreadsheets, editors, and vector based drawing programs.
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Geometry
Center Lines
Centerlines are a very important part of geometry display and dimensioning. Center lines should be placed at the centers of all holes, cylinders, arc centers etc. Automatic centerlines may be placed by setting automatic mode on the Tools ... Options... Annotation dialog box. Individual centerlines may be placed using the drawing tools on the main menu.
Select end of centerline and drag to adjacent view.
Box Select used for linear view
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Geometry
Problem 1. A. Model the SHAFT SUPPORT B. Create a drawing of the part.
Problem 2. A. Model the WING NUT. Add a 1.5 diameter cylinder to the mid-point of the bottom surface. Finish the model as shown below. B. Create a drawing of the part.
? Center ? Locate using Euclidian Geometry
2.00 radius passes through point A
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Problem 3. A. Model the FIVE LOBE KNOB. Fillet the edges as shown below. Use .125 radius. B. Create a drawing of the part.
Geometry
Problem 4. A. Model the GEAR QUADRANT. B. Create a drawing of the part.
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Geometry
Problem 5. A. Modify the previous outline to the final part shape as shown. The bosses are .25 thick above the top surface. Fillet the top and bottom surfaces with a .06 radius as shown. B. Create a drawing of the part.
Hint: Create a new Extrude Shape from the top surface of the previous part. Set thickness = .25 Use Copy 3D Curve to copy sections of the existing outline to create the bosses.
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Geometry
Problem 6. Model the Elliptical Cam. Make a drawing. Dimension. Show Centerlines.
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Animation
Animation
Animation
Views of Objects
Normal View
PreDefined Views
Manual Rotations
Surface Properties
Color
Transparency
Object Rotation
Defining SmartMotions
Keyframes
SmartMotion Editor
Orthographic Projection
View Rotation
Orthographic Projection Studies
Designing machines, structures, consumer goods, architectural construction, etc. Involves not only creating parts and assemblies but visualizing the final form. Static views provide much information about shape and assembly. Both customers and designers need to see the operation of a product. Computer animation can be used to put a machine into motion or create a movie-like walk through of a proposed structure. Design faults or enhancements may be seen through motion studies that might not be apparent from static images. IronCAD provides an extensive set of animation tools. One catalog contains standard rotations and paths. Special motions may be created using animation dialogs. Animation timing and sequencing is done using a clear, graphical animation editor. This chapter provides an introduction to IronCADs animation capabilities.
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Demonstration Part Tutorial. Create the part shown. It will be used a number of times in this chapter. Save the part as Anim1. Note: In the tutorial below, existing edges of the block will be copied to the 2D drawing plane. This assures the new part aligns accurately. Drag a block onto the Scene. Edit Sizebox: Length = 1.5 Width = .75 Height = 2.25 Add an Extrude Shape to the right face as shown. Use .25 grid and .125 snap. Project 3D Edges the far right and bottom edges of the 3D block to the 2D sketch. Draw the lines for the L shape. Trim the bottom line. Dimension the edges to set the size. Finish the object as shown.
Animation
Note: Project 3D Edges is used to assure that the new shape aligns exactly to the existing part.
Trim
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Animation Views of Objects

Perspective vs. Axonometric Perspective view is the default type of view. It shows objects as the eye sees the shape. Edges which are really parallel are shown as if they would intersect at a far distant point. Axonometric views show the edges truly parallel. An Isometric view is shown. Standard Views Chapter 1 presented a quick introduction to orthographic projection. Objects are defined by a series of 2-dimensional views. These same views may be obtained using several commands in IronCAD: Look At Icon. Pick the surface to look 90 degrees to. View ... Toolbars Toolbars Tab Select Camera Picker. Select desired face or pictorial view. Front View
Perspective icon toggles Perspective View Axonometric View
Look At icon Right View
Restoring Orientation At times objects get rotated out of position when using the TriBall. To restore orientation: Select Part mode. Right click, select Part Properties. Select the Position Tab. Set the angle to zero.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Object Color and Transparency

Setting parts to different colors helps when working with assemblies and animations. Click to Part mode Right click and select SmartPaint. Change the surface color for the entire object. Changing the transparency is done using the same dialog box. Select the Transparency tab. Making the object more transparent is a good way to visualize hidden features that are not seen in a particular view.
Animation
Wireframe Mode
Click Format Rendering Set the dialog box as shown. This will display the object in wireframe mode with dashed lines for hidden lines.
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Animation Manual Rotations

Rotating an object from front-to-top and front-to-right views is shown to the right. The front view is the key view. Each rotation is exactly 90 degrees from the front view.
Use Anim1 to obtain the views shown below.
Similar views may be obtained using the Orbit Camera icon. Set transparency = 60 Place the icon on the front view. Click the left mouse button and pull down to go from front to top. Place the icon on the front view. Click the left mouse button and pull to the left to go from front to right side. Format Rendering __ Set transparencey to 60. Animate the rotations. __ Set Wireframe mode. Show Part Edges Show Hidden Edges Dashed. Animate the views. Observe the hidden lines on the object. Try rotation to: bottom view left view back view
Left-back edge
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Surface Colors

Click the object to FEV mode. Select a surface. Right click and pick p. Select the color for an individual surface. Load Anim1 again and set the surface colors as shown. Save As Anim2. Blue
Animation
Magenta
Green Red Yellow Gray Orange
Object Anchor
Rotation of the part depends on the orientation of the object anchor. We need to know how Height, Length and Width are defined. This icon appears in the middle of the part when Part mode is selected. Length = short line Height = long line Width = (not shown) Object Anchor
Height
Length
Animating Object Rotation

Be sure to check the object anchor icon for height, length, width definitions. Use the Look At icon to set the front view of Anim2. Pop down the View menu Select Toolbars Turn On the SmartMotions tool.
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Animation
Left click the Scene background to de-select everything. Left click the object to activate the Animation tool. Click Add New Path (looks like a piece of film). The first rotation will be to the top view and back to front.
The Smart Motion Wizard appears: Select Spin Select About Width Axis (or other as needed). Set the rotation to 90 degrees.
Page 2 of the Wizard sets the amount of time for the action. 2 seconds is OK. The angular rotation and time for the event may be changed later.
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Test the animation. Click the Animation ON icon. Click the Animation Play icon. Did the object rotate the correct direction? In our example it did not. (Bottom view showing - not top view).
Animation
ON Play
Editing SmartMotions
Click the View menu Select SmartMotion Editor The editor is a graphical chart which shows the motions associated to a part. In order to change the Width Spin motion, the bar for the part (Part8 in this example) must be expanded. Once the bar has been expanded the motion we wish to change will be visible. Expanded form Double-click or Right-click and select Expand
Right-click Width Spin and select Properties. Select the Path tab Set Current Key to 2.
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Animation Key Frames
This term has been used since the beginning of animation technology. In any sequence of motions certain transitions must be made in order to get from the start point to the end point. Key frames were used to show the major steps along the way. They defined a logical breakdown of simple steps to accomplish a complex action. CADD software creates a series of small transition images based on key frames which the designer defines. Click Key Setup On the scroll down menu select Roll. Change the 90 to -90. This will reverse the rotation. Try the animation again. Make sure the object rotates from a front view to a top view. Paramemters: Length = Tilt Height = Pan Width = Roll
Add another Width Spin. Set the rotation to 90 degrees. If you run the animation now, nothing will happen because the two spins oppose each other.
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Visually edit the animation: Pull the right edge of the top bar over to 60. Point at the right edge of the bar and watch for an arrow. Click and pull. Adjust the two Width Spin motions as shown. Right click each bar. Select Properties and edit the names as shown. Replay the animation. The part should rotate to a top view, pause, rotate back to a front view. Watch the motion slider as the animation plays. Move the animation slider manually with your mouse and watch the rotation.. Slider Add two Height Spins: One +90 the other -90. Edit playback as shown.
Animation
Height Spins
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Animation Orthographic View Studies

Use the preceding animation sequence to become familiar with the rotations used for orthographic views. Because of the cuts on the bottom and back of the part, hidden features are difficult to visualize.
Rotation 90
Rotation 90
Front View
Back View Animation sequence to see: Bottom View Left Side View Back (Rear) View
Left side view Rotation 90
Bottom View
The rotations shown on the previous page and on this page are very important in understanding the theory of orthographic projection. These rotations are the most difficult to visualize for persons just learning to create or to understand (read) technical drawings. IronCAD provides excellent tools which allow us to demonstrate and become very familiar with this theory and process. New orthographic views are rotated 90 degrees from the previous view. Creating the views of an object from a pictorial is relatively easy. The most difficult process to master is the ability to visualize every feature and create the pictorial from the multiple views. Work with the animation techniques shown until you are confident that you can see objects in three dimensions.
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A. Model the part shown. B. Create a Front - top and front-left animation. C. Add a left-back animation
Animation
A. Model the part shown. B. Create a Front - top and front-right animation. C. Add a right-back animation (Continue spinning the part from the right view).
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Animation
A. Model the part shown. B. Create a Front - top and front-right animation. C. Create a drawing of the part as shown.
A. Model the part shown. B. Create a Front - top and front-right animation. C. Create a drawing of the part as shown.
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Animation
Problem 5. A. Model the part shown. B. Apply blends as shown. C. Animate front-to-top and front-to-right orthographic rotations. D. Create a drawing as shown above.
NOTE: ALL ROUNDS AND FILLETS R .06 UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
R .25 4 PLACES
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Normal Surfaces
Normal Surfaces
Normal Surfaces
Definition and Theory
Normal Surfaces in Space
Standard Views
Normal Surface Charts
Objects with Normal Surfaces
Modeling
Sketches to Extrusions
Drawings
Multiple Views
Dimensioning
Animation
Proving Surface Charts
Verifying & Analyzing Views
Normal surfaces are the most common surfaces found on machine parts, architectural construction and objects of all kinds. Modeling normal surfaces is relatively easy with IronCAD. And, so is creating 2D orthographic drawings. Reading orthographic (2D) drawings of objects with normal surfaces is not easy. In fact, it takes a very good ability at three dimensional perception to mentally picture the shapes shown. The purpose of this chapter is not only to model shapes with normal surfaces but to use IronCAD as a tool to help illustrate and develop visualization processes. Developing three dimensional perception is one of the highest mental challenges. IronCADs shaded solid models, ability to rotate objects in real time and easy animation gives us powerful tools to see this theory in action.
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In the next chapters, the primary types of surfaces will be analyzed and modeled. Plane surfaces: Normal surfaces Inclined surfaces Oblique surfaces Curved surfaces: Cylindrical surfaces Spin shapes Lofted curves More
Normal Surfaces
Normal surfaces are always 90 degrees to adjacent surfaces. A requirement of Orthographic Projection is that each view of an object is rotated exactly 90 degrees from the previous view. In the picture to the right, the object is rotated 90 degrees from the front to the top view. The object is rotated 90 degrees from the front to the right view. Three primary picture planes are used in orthographic projection to obtain the views of an object. Front (Frontal) plane Top (Horizontal) plane Right (Profile) plane These planes are respectively 90 degrees to the other two planes. In the example the normal surfaces on the object are respectively parallel to one picture plane and perpendicular to the other two picture planes.
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Normal Surfaces
Six regular views may be shown by unfolding the six planes of the box onto a flat plane.
This is the process IronCAD uses for the drawing enviornment. (The back view may be to the right of the right view or to the left of the left view).
Normal surfaces behave in a particular way when an object is show as a series of 2D views. Surface in the front view: The surface in the front view appears as only a horizontal edge of the surface when seen in the top view. The surfacein the front view appears as only a vertical edge of the surface when seen in the right view. Realizing that this is always true is part of developing the ability to mentally picture complex objects when only a series of 2D views are shown.
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Surface in the Top view: A surface in the top view will appear as a horizontal edge (full width left-to-right) of the surface in the front view. A surface in the top view will appear as a horizontal edge (full depth front-to-back) of the surface in the side view.
Normal Surfaces
Surface in the Side view: A surface in the side view will appear as a vertical edge (full height top-to-bottom) of the surface in the front view. A surface in the side view will appear as a vertical edge (full depth front-to-back) of the surface in the top view. This is true for normal surfaces in the right or left side views. Read the Normal Surface Chart from left to right. This is the total set of rules that tell how normal surfaces appear in each of the views. Engineers, Architects, all people who work from drawings visualize complex shapes by analyzing surfaces. Part of understanding the process is to apply this very limited set of rules. Every line on a drawing has a reason for being there. Seeing vertical and horizontal lines on a drawing probably means that normal surfaces are present.
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Normal Surfaces Tutorial - Modeling Normal Surfaces

Many Catalog items contain normal surfaces. Model the part using Catalog shapes. Note: Same part used earlier different modeling process. Aligning surfaces using the shift-key is used to assure that surfaces are co-planar.
Drag a block onto the Scene. Edit Sizebox: Length = 1.5 Width = .75 Height = 2.25 Drag a block to the upper right corner.
Click the top handle of the new block and hold down the shift key. Drag the top surface down until it is the plane of the top surface of the original block (green highlight). Do the same for the back and bottom surfaces.
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Set the size of the new block. Note: this must be done in two steps to avoid dis-jointed objects. Right click the front handle. Edit Sizebox. Set the length to .50.
Normal Surfaces
Right click the right handle. Edit Sizebox. Set the height to .75.
Add another block to the inner, lower corner. Shift + Drag the back and bottom surfaces to align with existing surfaces.
Again, in two separate steps: Set the width to 1.38 Set the length to .50 Save the part as Normal-1.
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Normal Surfaces Tutorial - When to sketch?

The prevouis model was created by adding blocks, aligning surfaces and setting sizes. The example at the right would require a number of additions and subtractions to create block-by-block. Much of the shape can be defined in a sketch then a few subtractions will finish the part. Create an Extruded Shape. Set the extrusion depth to 6. Set the grid to .25 The shape to be drawn is seen in the right view. The grid appears in a top view direction. Modeling parts when the grid is turned out of position is difficult and often results in mentally getting lost in space. With only the grid showing, turn on the TriBall (F10) and rotate the grid 90 degrees to the right as shown.
Draw the outline as seen from the right view. Set snap to grid to make drawing easier.
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Much of the shape of the part has been created. Removing material in a few places will finish the part.
Normal Surfaces
Select Extrude Shape again. Set to Remove material
Using the TriBall, move the grid to a known point on the object. The grid was rotated 90 degrees so the L axis was horizontal and the W axis was vertical.
Draw closed curves to define the shape of the material to be removed.
Drag the resulting cutouts through the object. Hollow out the groove in the top surface. Save the part as Normal-2
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Normal Surfaces Dimensioning

Much must be known about a part in order to dimension it properly.
How does the part fit with other parts? How does the part function? What accuracy is needed on each part feature? Greater accuracy = greater cost. How is the part manufactured? What materials? Etc.
IronCAD allows parts to be designed in close relation to existing parts. This helps greatly in avoiding errors in hole locations and mating surfaces that would be hard to know if each part was drawn separately. Modern production techniques use the same data to manufacture the part that was used to model the part. This eliminates many errors and provides very accurate numerical data to the machine tools. (CAD/CAM = Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Machining). The following examples are limited to single parts. General dimensioning practices will be shown. Create a drawing from Normal-2:
Dimensions should be placed where the shape shows best. Notice that the top view has many lines but no easily recognized shape! Dimensions should not be placed to hidden lines.
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To turn on hidden lines, Right Click each view Select Properties Select Hidden Edges
Normal Surfaces
Required Accuracy
Many companies use the number of decimal places in a dimension to tell the shop workers what accuracy is expected. See chart at right. IronCAD is pre-set to show 3 decimal places in decimal inch dimensions. Most general dimensions should be 2 decimal places. It would be an expensive mistake to show more decimal places than were actually needed!
TOLERANCES
.X = +/- .10 IN. .XX = +/- .03 IN. .XXX = +/- .010 IN.
Left side of screen
+/- .03 equates to a tolerance zone the thickness of a penney. +/- .010 equates to a tolerance zone the thickness of 5 pieces of 20# notebook paper.
Named Styles
Changing Dimension Settings

Dimension styles are associated to the title block. Permanent changes require editing and re-saving the templates that appear on the Drawing Menu startup screen. Local changes on a drawing - by drawing basis are done by : Changing or adding Named Styles and, Selecting Default Properties. Click Create New Style Default Properties
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Normal Surfaces
Type a name for the new style - Decimal Specify Dimension Style Use ANSI as the seed file. Click Modify Properties.
Click the Measure Tab Set Precision to 2. Explore the other tabs on this screen. See how to set text height, tolerance display, etc. This same screen may be seen by right clicking a dimension and selecting Properties. This allows one-at-a-time setting of a single dimension. Click OK to close each dialog box. Now, set Decimal as the dimension style to be used. Click the Default Properties icon. Select Dimensions and Decimal. OK.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Placing Dimensions

The icons on the dimension toolbar indicate the purpose of each pick. Information on SmartDimensions is available on the Help menu. SmartDimensions may be used to place nearly any type of dimension. Options are toggeled using the Tab Key.
Normal Surfaces
Pick near the end of a line to dimension the line length. (Avoid endpoints or the mid-point). The line will highlight in green. Click and move the dimension to the desired location. To dimension a gap, click the endpoints of the bounding lines. If an endpoint-to-endpoint dimension goes on an angle, press Tab to change to horiz/vert.
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Normal Surfaces Editing Dimensions

Move. To move a dimension, place the pointer over the dimension until the hand appears. Left click and drag the dimension to a new location. Change Value Right click the dimension. Click Properties. Select the Tab for the item to be changed.
Dimension Notes
Icons are available to add notes and symbols to the drawing. The General Note creates a leader line, arrowhead and text box. Double-click the text to make changes, correct spelling, etc. General Note Surface Finish Weld Symbol
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Problem 1-A

Open Normal-2 Carefully examine the bottom surfaces and features. Since this area of the part is hidden in the top view, it is very difficult to visualize. Create a drawing as shown in this chapter. Show hidden lines. Dimension the drawing as shown using 2 and 3 decimal place dimensions.
Normal Surfaces
Problem 1-B
Animate the rotations for this object: Front-top-frontbottom-frontright-front. Click Format .... Rendering Wireframe Show Hidden Edges .... Dashed Run the animation and study the hidden lines.
Problem 2-A
Model the part shown
Problem 2-B
Create a drawing of the part. Show hidden lines. Dimension the orthographic views.
Problem 2-C
Animate the front-to-top and front-to-right orthographic views.
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Normal Surfaces
Note: Use Workspace Metric when starting these models.
123 IronCAD V9 & INOVATE
Normal Surfaces
Hint:
Splitting the screen and displaying different views of the same item is helpful during modeling. Right click the screen. Select the type of split.
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Inclined Surfaces
Inclined Surfaces
Inclined Surfaces
Inclined Surfaces in Space
Standard Views
Inclined Surface Charts
Dimensioning Methods
Inclined Surface Modeling
Sketches to Extrusions
Moving Surfaces
TriBall Rotations
Drawing Structure
Editing 2D Layouts
Transfering Dimensions to Drawings
Animation
Plane Surfaces - Inclined

Normal surfaces are either horizontal or vertical in space. (See previous chapter). Inclined surfaces have a single slant in space. These surfaces are very common in construction (roofs) and on machine parts. Oblique surfaces have a double slant in space. They are often called compound-angle surfaces. (See next chapter).
Normal Horizontal or Vertical Inclined Single Slant
Oblique Double Slant
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Inclined Surfaces in Space

An inclined surface appears as an edge-of-surface in one view and as foreshortened surface in the other two views. Notice that the T shaped surface on the object is perpendicular to the front view picture plane. The surface is at an angle to the top view picture plane. Because the T-shaped surface is at an angle to the top picture plane, its projection to the top view creates an image shorter than the actual extent of the surface (foreshortened view). The same is true for the projection to the right picture plane. The resulting view shows the surface shorter than its actual extent. Notice that the shape of the surface is the same in the top and right views.
Inclined Surfaces
An inclined surface appearing as an inclined line in the front view will appear as a foreshortened surface in the top or bottom view and as a foreshortened surface in the right or left view. The surface will always have the same general shape in each of the views.
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Inclined Surfaces
An inclined surface might appear as an inclined edge-of-surface in the top view. The surface will appear as a foreshortened surface in the front view and as a foreshortened surface in the side views. The surface must always have the same number of corners and edges. An inclined surface might appear as an inclined edge-of-surface in the side view. The surface will appear as a foreshortened surface in the front view and as a foreshortened surface in the top views. The surface must always have the same parallel and non-parallel edges. The inclined surface chart is shown below. Read across. This is the complete set of rules for inclined surfaces. Knowing this is true helps to visualize inclined surfaces on drawings.
Modeling Inclined Surfaces

Specifying Inclined Surfaces Inclined surfaces may be dimensioned in one of two ways. Angle of inclined edge. Offset dimensions for inclined edge.
Angle Dimension Method
Offset Dimensions Method
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Inclined Surface - Angle Specified.

Method #1. Select the Move Surface Icon. Pick the surface to rotate. Attach the TriBall to the surface. Move the TriBall to the lower corner. Rotate about an axis. In this example the complement of the angle was used. Method # 2.
Inclined Surfaces
Y Create the base object as an extrusion. Note: Be sure the X - Y axis is set properly. Use the TriBall to rotate the grid if necessary. Draw the 2D outline using the sizes and angles specified. Extrude to a 3D object. X
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Inclined Surfaces Inclined Surface Offset Dimension Specified

Method #1. Create the rectangular base shape. Add a Tooling Block to the top of the base part. Make the front and right surfaces co-planar with the base part. Make the block 1.25 long. The other dimensions do not matter. Start the Move Surface command. Select the right surface to move. Attach the TriBall to the lower left corner. Right-click the inner handle and select To Point. Point at the lower left corner of the tooling block. Finish the construction. Delete remaining portions of the tooling block. Note: the Tooling Block concept is a work-around used to locate a measured point along the top edge of the base part. At times it is necessary to delete unused portions of the tooling block.
Aim the inner handle at the end of the tooling bolck.
Method # 2. Create the base part. Invoke Extrude Shape to Remove Material. Use the TriBall to move the grid to the upper corner of the base part. Draw the outline for the material to be removed. Finish the object.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Tutorial - Inclined Surfaces
Inclined Surfaces
Note: Special pictorial view shown - not isometric
Create an extruded shape. Use the TriBall to rotate the grid to the Right View. (Might be 90 degrees up and 180 degrees to the right).
Draw the outline. Input angles and distances longer than needed. Trim to define the shape.
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Inclined Surfaces
Finish the shape.
Rotate the view to see the Back View of the object.
Create an Extruded Shape to Remove Material. Trim the excess line lengths to form a single closed shape. Each cutout shape must be created and finished separately Finish the shape. Note: Each cutout shape must be created and finished separately.
45-45-90 Triangle
Making Changes - Part Structure

Making changes on the part involves going back to the 2D drawings that were used to create the body shape and the angular cuts. Select the Scene Browser icon on the standard menu. Click the + next to the Part listing. This will show the structure for the part. Right-click one of the Shapes. A dialog box appears with the option to edit the shape.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Transfering Dimensions to Drawings.

Dimensions used to create 2D shapes may be transfered to drawing sheets. This is the only way to place dimensions on isometric views. Both linear and angular dimensions may be transfered to orthographic views. Only linear dimensions may be transfered to isometric views.
Inclined Surfaces
Dimension the shape using the linear and angular dimension constraint icons. Right-click each dimension and toggle Transfer to Drawing. A > symbol appears. Dimensions automatically transfer to orthographic views of new drawings. Right-click linear dimensions and toggle Move to Another View. Click the isometric view to place the dimension. Pull the extension lines to part corners. Create a drawing from the tutorial model as shown. Dimension as shown. End of Tutorial.
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Inclined Surfaces Tutorial - Inclined Surfaces Animation

Animate the last part. Show front-to-top and front-to-left side rotations. Prove the Inclined Surface charts. Obtain the front view of the object. Pop down View .. Toolbars Select Camera Picker. Pick the Front view. If another view is shown, use the TriBall to rotate the part to get the "front" view. Re-select Front view. Place a letter on the inclined surface as shown.

Because of the way the part was modeled, selecting the front view may actually show a different view
"Front" View for rotations.
Select the Insert Text Shape icon. Pick the face shown. Page 1: Set the text height to 1.00 and the thickness to .06. Page 2: No bevel. Page 3: Back. Type A in the edit box. Click on a blank screen area to set the text. Use the Triball to rotate the letter if needed.
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Use the Orbit Camera icon to position the front view as shown. Slowly rotate the object to the top view, back to front and to the left side view, back to front. Place the cursor icon in the middle of the view so the rotation will be a straight as possible. Verify the rule: An Inclined surface appearing as an inclined line (edge-of-surface) in the side view will appear as a foreshortened surface in the front view and as a foreshortened surface in the top view.
Inclined Surfaces
Delete the letter and set colors for each surface as shown. Click each surface to FEV mode. Use SmartPaint to color each surface. Create front-to-top, top to front and Front -to-left, left-to-front animations. Note: In setting up the rotations an error was made. (Front-to-right and right-to-front angles were specified). The error was fixed by setting the time frame for the 4th rotation to run before the 3rd rotation. Carefully observe the appearance of each surface as the animation runs. This is a very good study of how Inclined surfaces appear in each of the views.
Yellow
Cyan
Orange
Brown
Green
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Inclined Surfaces
1 2
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Inclined Surfaces
This is a very challenging problem. For advanced students only.
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Oblique Surfaces
Oblique Surfaces
Oblique Surfaces
Oblique Surfaces in Space
Standard Views
Oblique Surface Charts
Oblique Surface Modeling
Modifying 3D Solids
Tooling Block Setups
TriBall Orientations
Animation
Plane Surfaces - Oblique

Oblique surfaces have a double slant in space. They are often termed compound-angle surfaces. Oblique surfaces are found on roof construction, machine parts and consumer items. These surfaces appear as foreshortened surfaces in all the regular views. Sketching or drawing oblique surfaces requires special care since the surfaces never appear as an edge in any of the views. Warped or non-planar surfaces may result. Modeling oblique surfaces on the computer will result in true plane surfaces. A compound-angle sine plate is shown with the top plate rotated to an oblique angle. This is used to measure oblique surfaces. Some machine tool tables have similar adjustments for cutting or drilling.
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Oblique Surfaces
This oblique surface is cut down-to-the-front and down-to-the-right. It appears as a foreshortened surface in all the regular views.
The simplest oblique surface is created by passing a plane through three points : 1 on the front-top edge 2 on the top-side edge and 3 on the front-side edge. This is a true plane surface. Oblique surfaces: Must have the same general shape in all views. Must have the same number of corners and edges in all views. Must have the same parallel and non-parallel edges in all views.
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Oblique Surfaces Oblique Surfaces - Dimensioning Methods.

An oblique surface is determined by three points not in the same straight line. Specifying more than three points on a surface may create a warped surface and would be incorrect. Three points may be specified in several ways: Dimension a point and two angles.
Point 2 Point 3
Point 1
Dimensions to two points and an angle.
Dimensions to three points.
Tooling Blocks - Oblique Surfaces

Since IronCAD does not provide a direct method to define points on objects, a temporary construction may be needed. At times angles may be used as given. Great care is needed to be sure that if an angle is used it is the true angle needed. Regardless of the dimension method used above, at least one tooling block must be created unless some other features of the part provide the points needed. Set X - Y axis as shown with TriBall. Temporary Tooling Block
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Tutorial - Oblique Surface Point and Two Angles Given
Create a block W=4, L=3, H=2.5 Use the dimensions shown on the previous page for point and two-angle dimensioning method. Orient the block toward the left side face as shown. Use Extrude Shape to create a protrusion on the left face. Thickness = .25 Block in the 45 degree line - any length accross face. Set the distance up to the lower end = .500.
Oblique Surfaces
Longer Than Needed
Use the Project 3D Edges icon to copy the top and left lines to the sketch. Draw a horizontal line to complete a closed surface any length. Trim the excess lines. Finish the extrusion. This temporary object will be removed later
Temporary Tooling Block
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Oblique Surfaces
Use the Extrude Shape icon to remove material.
Place the 2D drawing grid on the top face of the block.
Turn on the TriBall and move the grid to the lower corner of the block.
Using the TriBall, move the grid up .500.
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Click on the background to de-select any commands. Click on the lower right axis of the TriBall. Rotate the grid 32 degrees upward to the right as shown. Note: Push inside the upper half of the TriBall to get the angle from horizontal. Click on the background to de-select any picks or commands.
Oblique Surfaces
Pick this Handle First Right click inside the TriBall but not on any entity. From the large dialog box, click Show All Handles. Rotate the view so you are looking more at the left surface. 1. Click the interior handle that is oriented upward to the right at 32 degrees. 2. Right click the handle pointing upward to the left and select To Point. Orient the handle toward the inside corner of the tooling block. This last sequence is critical. The grid plane has been oriented toward the tooling block at X. Picking the 32 degree axis first says rotate about this axis and selecting the 2nd handle direction allows the 2D grid plane to pass through X.
Right Click This Handle Point Here X
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Oblique Surfaces
Draw a rectangle on the 2D grid larger than needed. Finish the shape.

The grid direction arrow should point upward
OOPS! Shape removal went the wrong direction!
Click the Scene Browser icon
Right click the shape which just removed the material.
From the large dialog box select Flip Extrude Direction. If this option is not available, Set Forward End Condition to 0.00 Ignore the warning. Set Backward End Condition to a large number (maybe 4.00). This should correct the problem.
Suppress the tooling block shape. This will remove it from view but save it for reference in case the part changes later. Right click the Tooling Block Shape and select Suppress.
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Oblique Surfaces
Save the model. Create a drawing.
Dimension the angles and lengths. Verify the angles are correct.
End of tutorial.
Tutorial - Oblique Surfaces Three Points Given.

Create a model of the part shown. Three points on the oblique plane are defined by: The upper left corner. .50 height. .75 width. 1. Create the block: Width = 4.00 Length = 3.00 Height = 2.50 2. Place the groove down the middle. 1.50 wide 1.00 deep Centered on the left face.
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Oblique Surfaces
Create two .25 height tooling blocks on the faces of the object as shown. Copy 3D Object Lines Offset parallel lines. (.50 or .75 ). Trim excess lines. Finish. Create an Extrude Shape to Remove Material. Pick the upper left corner of the block for the 2D grid center point. Turn on the TriBall. Select an axis. Use the To Point option to aim the axis through the inner top right tooling block corner as shown. Click the background to de-select any commands. Click the same axis just set as the axis to rotate about. Right click the other axis on the 2D plane and using the To Point option select the corner of the lower left tooling block as shown. Finish the shape. Turn on the Scene Browser. Reverse the extrude direction if needed. .75
.50
Be sure the direction arrow on the grid faces the correct direction. Reverse the Extrude Direction if needed.
Suppress the tooling blocks Create a drawing and dimension the drawing. Verify the dimensions. End of Tutorial.
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Oblique Surfaces
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Oblique Surfaces
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Oblique surfaces - Orthographic View Animation

Problem 5. A. Model problem 1 page 138. B. Create a detail drawing with dimensions. C. Animate the orthographic views: Front-to-top. Top-to-Front. Front-to-Right. Right-to-Front.
Oblique Surfaces
Problem 6. A. Model the part shown. B. Create primary and secondary auxiliary views. Do not dimension. Note: See information on Auxiliary Views in this textbook.
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Curved Surfaces
Curved Surfaces
Cylindrical and Curved Surfaces
Cylinders in Space
Standard Views
Curved Surface Modeling
Extruded Shapes
Intersection of Surfaces
Spin Shapes
Swept and Lofted Shapes
Swept Shapes
Lofted Shapes
Cylinders are very common shapes on objects of all types. Storage tanks for fuel and gas can be very large and many such shapes may be seen in a storage field. Cylinders are primary shapes which are combined with other shapes to define many objects. Cylinders are bounded by circlular edges and by contour lines. Unlike conventional part-edges, contour lines define the boundary of the cylinder but no sharp corner exists. Contour lines appear at the extreme sides (points of maximum width) of the cylinder on both positive and negative cylinders..
Circular edge Contour line Contour line
Positive Cylinder
Contour line
Negative Cylinder
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Curved Surfaces
Standard Views
The left, right, top and bottom quadrant Point points in the top view define the contour L lines in the other views. The centerline location in the front view Point is the contour line location in the right F view. The centerline location in the right view is the contour line location in the front view.
Point B
Point R
Contour line L Contour line R Contour line F
Contour line B
Dimensioning Cylinders
If the full cylinder is shown, specify the diameter. If less than the full cylinder is shown, specify the radius. Dimension to the center of holes. Two dimensions required: Horizontal location Vertical location
IronCad sketches require radius input for circles. If the diameter is known, type in the diameter/2 and let the computer do the math.
Intellishape dimensions for cylinders are specified as diameters.
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Curved Surfaces Modeling Sequence

Cylindrical shapes may be created using the extrusion command. The hollow section shown at the right was created using concentric circles. This is a quick way to generate the shape but it can lead to problems with intersecting shapes. If cylindrical holes are needed, it is often best to model all the positive cylinders first then model the holes. This assures that extra solid shapes do not get left in the model.
Intersecting the 1st cylinder leaves a portion of the 2nd cylinder inside the hole.
Genral rule: Model solid shapes first. Model holes last. Hole created by H-Cylinder If the hole was created by an H-cylinder intellishape then the problem can be corrected by re-ordering the sequence in the Scene Browser.
Drag with left mouse button.
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Spin Shapes
Spin Shapes
Complex surfaces of revolution may be modeled by creating a 2D outline then revolving it about an axis. This is often far quicker than assembling the model using catalog shapes. Regular 2D drawing tools are used to create the cross-section. Be sure to assign constraints.
The Spin Shape Wizard sets the conditions for generating the shape.
Step 2 designates the angle of sweep and direction.
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Spin Shapes
Step 3 invokes a grid if needed.
Before drawing, set Snap options: Tools (pop down menu) Snap In this example a distance snap has been set = of the grid size. In the example below a closed outline was drawn offset from the W axis. This created a center hole in the part. Note; If the 2D outline intersects the W axis, it is not necessary to close the shape.
Tutorial - Spin Shape

Create the part shown. Grid = .25
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Swept Shapes
Swept Shapes
A single 2D cross-section is swept along a path. The path may be composed of lines, arcs, or Bspline curves. The starting path type is selected then additional segments may be added. In the example a concentric circle was swept along a path starting with a Bspline curve, then a straight line and an arc were added. This creates a section of bent tubing. Two steps are involved: Draw the 2D cross-section. Draw the 2D path.
A 4-step wizard is used to set up the model.
The third step defines the starting segment for the curve. Edit the starting segment to add additional segments.
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Swept Shapes
Step 4 sets up a drawing grid if needed. The sweep axis is displayed at the center of the X - Y grid and an arrow shows the sweep direction.
Tutorial - Swept Shape

Frame for a personal vehicle. 2 x 2 x .125 Hydro-Formed Steel Tubing. Note: Use centerline radius for sweep path. (R=3.00 and R= 6.00). See drawing at right. Start the Sweep Shape construction. Set a straight line as the path curve. Use 1.00 major and .25 minor grid lines
Origin
Path Curve
Click the left origin line and offset it right 18. (Construction lines). Offset the same line right 66 Right click the end of the path curve and set the distance = 84. Zoom the view. Draw 6 radius circles at 18 and 66 locations. Trim out the line segments inside the circles. Trim out the lower circle segments. Fillet the line/arc intersections using a 3 radius. Finish the path curve shape
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Cross-section view Draw a 2.00 x 2.00 square centered on the path curve endpoint as shown. Offset the 2 x 2 square inward .125. Finish the cross section. Finish the part. Create a drawing, dimension and print. End of tutorial.
Lofted Shapes
Lofted Shapes
Very complex shapes may be created using lofting. The term lofting originated in the boat building and (later) the aircraft industry. It is related to the generation of boat hulls, sail shapes, aircraft wings and other sculpted shapes. A series of cross-sections are drawn and the outer shape is blended between the cross-sections by the computer. Select Lofted Shape
Set the number of Cross-sections
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Lofted Shapes
Select the basic setup just to get started. Cross-sections and guide curves may be modified once the basic shape is created. Below: Three section, rectangle, straight line was selected.
Set up the drawing grid. Pop down Tools. Set Snap requirements
Basic Shape
Final shape after editing cross-sections to: 1= circle 2= parallelogram 3= ellipse
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Tutorial - Lofted Shape

Elliptical Candy Bowl Start a lofted shape. Use 3 circular sections Straight line axis. Set Grid = .25 Right click the end of the axis and set the length to 2.5 Finish the curve. Right click section #1. Edit the cross-section. Right click the circle. Edit Curve Properties. De-select circle. Set Major Axis = 2.5 Set Minor Axis = 1.5 Finish the cross-section. Go to next section (2).
Lofted Shapes
Click the cross-section grid. Turn on the TriBall. Drag the cross-section up = .800. Turn off the TriBall. Right click circle #2. Edit Curve Properties. De-select circle. Set Major Axis = 3.5 Set Minor Axis = 2.5 Click Next Section.
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Sectioning Parts
Set the dimensions for section #3 the same as section #2. Finish the shape.
Click the bowl. Click the Shell Part icon. Select the top surface. Set the thickness = .15
Sectioning Parts
Section views of parts may be created in the Scene enviornment and in the Drawing enviornment. This example was done in the Scene view. Parts appear to be cut-away but actually remain as modeled. The Section Tool is located on the upper right side of the Standard Toolbar. Click the part. Click the Section Tool Select the cutting plane direction. Select the cutting plane location.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Tutorial - Section View (Scene) & INOVATE

Create a Spin Shape Use .250 grids. Set Snap = Grid Draw the outline shown on the X - Y axis. Place the Axis of Revolution on the W-axis.
Sectioning Parts
Finish the shape Click the Section Tool Set the L - H plane as the cutting plane. Finish or Cancel
Cutting plane direction Change to L - H
Cutting plane location
Points at solid to keep.
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Sectioning Parts
Click the center of the hole as the cutting plane location. Reverse the direction arrow to point to the lower half (half to keep) if needed. Finish the view. Right-click the cutting plane. Click Hide to show the part.
Pop down the Scene Browser. Notice that the Section Tool shows as an entity in the list. The Section Tool may be Suppressed to return the full view. The section tool may be deleted. Note: Section views in the Scene View are not transfered to the Draft View. The Draft View has a section view tool for use in that enviornment.
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Helical Extrusions and Cutouts

Helical shapes are located on the Tools Menu. Drag the icon from the menu and drop it as a separate item if a stand-alone model is needed or, drop it on an existing shape if material is to be added or subtracted. Desigining the helical shape requires access to the dialog box. The dialog does not display immediately. 1. Click the helix object to Intellishape mode. 2. Right click on the helix object and click Add on Properties. 3. Edit the dialog box.
Changes for cross-section, helix direction, add or subtract material and coil design are available from the dialog box.
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In this example a stand-alone square spring was designed. Coils, Pitch, square cross section size, base radius were set.
A 2D Shape was created to act as a Custom cross-section for the helix shown below. Click CrossSection and select Custom profile. This could also be used to cut away material as shown below. Note X - Y axis directions. L W
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Complex Curved Surfaces

Zero thickness surfaces may be created in a number of ways. These surfaces may be used for: Tool path analysis Geometric analysis Create cutting surfaces for separating objects or creating sculpted surfaces by removing material. The special surface creation tools all allow Solid or Surface options. The surface option creates a zero-thickness entity that has the same attributes as a solid. Surfaces may be extruded to become solids. The thin surface shown was created using the sweep function. It was then subtracted from a block to create the complex surface shown. Creating Surface entity from part. Click the part to Face Mode (Green outline). Right-click and select Create Surface Shape. Click the background to de-select. Click the new surface. Attach the TriBall to move the new surface. The new surface entity may be extruded, saved as a part or saved in a catalog.
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3D curves are key elements in many of the advanced surface shape constructions. A 3D curve may be extracted from existing surface geometry. Click the part to surface mode. (Green outline). Right-click and select Create 3D curve. A heavy black outline appears denoting the 3D curve. This 3D curve will be used to create a cut along the top edge of the part to create a lip. Select the Sweep icon. (Step 1) Select the top surface for the sweep location. (Step 3) select 3D curve. Finish the wizard. Click on one section of the curve. The drawing grid will appear. Use the TriBall to orient the grid if needed. Draw the outline of the cut or protrusion. Finish the sequence.
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3D curves are the elements used for creating complex curved surfaces. 3D curves are created using straight lines, arcs or splines. 3D curves may be modified using fillets or connectors. A connector will join two 3D curves.
X Y Z point input
Connector
Smooth shape
3D curves were used in the preliminary design of this fender shell. Each line is shown as a part. Lines may be supressed to remove them from the view. The part was created as a LOFT surface. The inside of the thin shell is shown. The shell may be used to create plastic or thin metal parts. Or, it may be used to create the forming dies needed to produce the parts.
Surface Toolbar
Click View Toolbars Select Surface This will display the Surface Toolbar. Loft was used in this example.
Follow the sequence of prompts to set the base point and select the shape curves.
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Each point on the shape curve may be edited to correct or refine the curve.
Other types of surfaces may be defined: U-V Mesh surface Ruled Surface Spin Surface 3 or 4 Edge Surface U - V Mesh Surface The U - V Mesh surface is defined by 2D or 3D lines. Lines in each direction must be roughly parallel and intersection lines must be approximately 90 degrees at the corners.
Ruled Surface The surface was created by drawing a 2D shape of two angled lines and a fillet. Right-click the 2D shape and convert it to a 3D line. Using the TriBall copy the 3D line back to the other side of the part. Use the Ruled Surface to cut the part leaving the lower half. 3D curves from the lower part were used to create the upper body. Other surfaces were used to create the upper body shape. Ruled Surface Ruled Surface Spin Surface
Edge Surface
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Problems Problem 1. Trolley Wheel. For an overhead crane. Create as a Spin Part. Material: Malleable Iron.
Problems
AXIS OF ROTATION Problem 2. Use a sweep shape to model the Safety Handle.
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Problems Problem 3. Lofted Shape. Design a lid for the Elliptical Bowl Tutorial. (Example uses 5 cross-sections).
Problem 4. Lofted Shape. Design a container for a consumer product.
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Problem 4. Lofted Shape. Design a Carry Handle for a case. (Example uses a Bezier guide curve and rectangular/circular cross-sections.
Problems
Problem 5. Custom Helix. Create the helical shape using the settings shown in the dialog box. Create the 2D shape first. The cross-section of the 2D Shape is .50 wide by .25 height.
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Tools Catalog
Tools Catalog
Tools Catalog.
Tools Catalog
Bearings
Gears
Springs
Hot Formed Shapes
Cold Formed Shapes
Fasteners
Special Holes
Assembly Drawings
Creating Parts in Place
Extrusion Menu Options
Exporting Single Parts & Assemblies
Many standard shapes and machine elements may be created quickly using objects from the Tools Catalog. Some of these objects are very complex shapes and would normally require considerable time to model. Combining tables of values from standards manuals with BASIC program routines allows IronCAD to quickly create models for many standard drawing shapes. Most models require some user input to create the exact item needed. Many of the objects from the Tools Catalog are used with unique parts which designers create. Whenever two or more parts are designed to connect to or interface with other parts, an assembly is formed. IronCAD allows parts to be imported into a scene or, new parts may be designed using shapes from existing parts - all in the same scene. If multiple parts are designed in the same scene, each part may be saved as a separate object for use in other assemblies or for 2D drawing purposes.
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Tools Catalog
Tools Catalog
Bearings are specified in Metric units. Several types of bearings are available in the dialog box. Input either the Bore (inside) diameter or the outside diameter. Clicking the other boxes shows the corresponding dimensions.
Set the Bore Diameter. Click each box and read the corresponding values.
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Tools Catalog
Gears Dialog Box. Five types of gears are listed. Thickness Bore Dia. Pitch Radius and Number of Teeth are basic inputs
Helix: Drag the helix catalog item onto the scene. If the Add-on Properties dialog box does not show, click the helix object to Intellishape Mode. Right-click and select Add-on Properties Input the helix cross-section, number of turns, etc
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Hot Formed Steel Shapes. A number of standard shapes are shown. Input the length in inches. (Inches are also used in Metric enviornments).
Tools Catalog
Cold Formed Steel Shapes shapes are shown.
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Tools Catalog
Fasteners A number of bolts, nuts, washers, pins and rings are available.
Select English or Metric fasteners at the bottom of the dialog box.
Special hole shapes are needed for bolt heads and threaded holes.
More information on fasteners and special holes in shown in the Fasteners and Assemblies chapter in this book.
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Assemblies
Assemblies
The flange, pulley and center shaft were designed in a single drawing. The gear, bearings and jam nuts were desiged using objects from the TOOLS Catalog. Once inserted, they were aligned using the Tri-Ball.
Each part should be designed as a Stand Alone object. Be sure that objects inserted from Catalogs do not touch existing objects on the Scene.
An exploded ASSEMBLY DRAWING is shown. Parts are identified by Bubble Callouts. Part numbers are listed in the Bill of Materials. The TriBALL was used to position the parts.
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Assemblies Save as Part/Assembly

Individual parts are designed as stand-alone objects. Each object may be saved as a separate part file. The saved file is liked to the original model so changes to either file are updated automatically.
Detail Drawing of Flange. The flange was saved as a separate part then a drawing was created. Notice the use of a sectional view to allow dimensioning to hidden features and to clarify internal shapes. The Tolerance Block relates the number of decimal places in each dimension to required tolerances. Precision tolerances are specified by limit dimensions.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Tutorial - Table Assembly

Build a Steel Table using 1.5 X 1.5 X .25 hot formed angle iron. Overall dimensions: Height = 30 IN. Length = 60 IN. Depth = 28 IN. Weld all joints.
Assemblies
Front/Back Rail
59.5
Assemble to maintain outside dimensions. Account for .25 metal thickness. Side Rail 27 Leg 30
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Assemblies
Step 1. Place the legs. Create one 1.5 x 1.5 x .25 x 30 angle iron. Move the TriBall to the outside corner as shown. Copy and rotate each piece to the correct location and position.
Be sure to check the outside dimensions to be sure the legs are in the correct location. Length = 60, Depth = 28.
Step 2. Place the front and back rails. Create one 1.5 x 1.5 x .25 x 59.5 angle iron. Move the TriBall to the outside corner. Rotate the rail and move it to the upper outside corner of the left - back leg. Move the rail right .25. Move the rail forward .25. Copy, rotate and place the other 3 front/back rails. Step 3. Place the side rails. Move the side rail forward .50. Move right .25 Move down .25. Copy, rotate and place the other 3 side rails.
Create one 1.5 x 1.5 x.25 x 27 angle. Move the TriBall to the outside corner. Rotate the angle and place it at the outside corner of the left - Check to see that all parts are in correct position. back leg.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Part Properties

Step 4. Set the Properties for each part. This information is transferred to the Bill of Materials. Right click each item. Select Part Properties. Fill in the information for each item as shown. (12 items total).
Assemblies
Hint: You can highlight the User Name box (it may be highlighted already), Press CTRL-C to copy the data to the clip-board. Click in the Description box. Press CTRL-V to paste the data to the description box. Add the length. Then, fill in the Part Number box. Save the model.
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Assemblies Save as Part/Assembly

Step 5. Save one of each part as a single part file. This part file will be used to create a detail part drawing. Click on a LEG. Pop down the File Menu Select: Save as Part/Assembly Input the Part Name and the save path, etc. Do the same for a front/back rail and a side rail. (3 part files total).
Detail Drawings
Step 6. Create a drawing for each unique part. (3 total). Open a new drawing. A-Size Horizontal. Set the path to one of the parts just saved. Set the views needed. Dimension the part. Fill in the title block information and tolerances block
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Assembly Drawing - Creating

Step 7. Create a new drawing. Use a B-Size format. Import a single view (or more views if needed). Format the Bill of Material. Format the Bubble Callouts Format the Weld Symbols.
Assemblies
Bill of Material Icon (Upper right screen area). Click the icon O.K. To accept the default formats. Move the Bill of Materials block to the location shown.
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Assemblies
Since a number of parts were identical, IronCAD has combined like parts into a single entry with correct quantities. IronCAD has assigned Part Numbers to each entry.
Bill of Material Bottom Up display

Many companies prefer a bottom-up display. Right click the BOM and select Bottom Up Display. Note: The list may re-appear incorrectly with lines missing and extra spaces.
Bill of Material Editing

From the right click dialog box above, select Edit. __ Use the - button to zoom back the view. __ Drag the vertical column lines to re-size the column widths if needed. O.K. To re-insert the BOM. This should correct any column width problems.
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Assemblies
Bubble Callouts - Placing

Item numbers are automatically assigned by IronCAD. Bubble Callouts are shown on the assembly drawing to cross-reference parts in the drawing to items in the parts list. Click the Bubble Callout Icon. Click an item on the drawing and position the callout. Numbers are automatically assigned and keyed to the Parts List.
Click this box

(ARROW SIDE)
Weld Symbols
Click the Weld Symbol Icon Click a joint location. Select a Fillet Weld
OTHER SIDE ARROW SIDE
End of tutorial
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Assemblies Tutorial - Table Assembly Part 2.

__ Open the Steel Table model. __ Create an assembly. Add a top and bolts to the steel table. Bolt holes must be drilled in the top and the steel frame. Putting a hole through two parts usually causes the parts to be unioned into one which is not what is needed here. A special Assembly Feature is used to create a common hole through multiple parts. Pop down the Scene Browser Highlight the steel items. Use Shift-Click. Click the Assembly Icon to Create an Assembly .
Rename the assembly: Table Assembly
__ Drag a block into the scene. Do Not Drop on an existing part. __ Set size: 60 wide, 28 deep, 2 thick. __ Use the Triball to move the Top into position.
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__ Add the Top to the assembly Rename the block "Top" Left-click the Top and drag it into the Table Assembly in the Scene Browser. __ Rotate the Table Assembly to the bottom view as shown.
Assemblies
__ Right-Click, drag and drop a H-Cylinder onto the corner of a cross piece. (See next page)
Right-Click and drag from a catalog to create a Assembly Feature. A special dialog box appears to set the way the object will interact with the parts of the assembly __ Set the H-Cylinder diameter. We will use a 1/4 diameter bolt so the hole size with clearance must be 1/4 + 1/32 or .281 diameter.
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Assemblies
Set the H-Cylinder to a corner of a cross piece. Since the bottom flat surface of the cross piece is about 1.00 wide, the hole location will be set at the mid point. __ Move over and up .50 using the TriBall.
__ Create a 1/4-20UNC x 2.75 HEX SOC HD bolt. Use: Screws ... Socket and select hexagon socket.
The head diameter =.414 head height = .237. __ Create a counterbore in the table top: 15/32 diameter 9/32 deep (for clearance). __ Insert the bolt using the TriBall.
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Turn the table over and add: __ 1/4 standard washer __ 1/4 standard nut Use the TriBall to assemble as shown. __ Create holes and add 3 more bolts, washers and nuts at the other 3 corners. __ Create a new Assembly Drawing
Assemblies
__ Create a Detail Drawing for the Top. End of Tutorial.
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Assemblies Mitering Corners.

Use the Move Surface Icon and select the end surface. Turn on the TriBall. Move the TriBall to the upper corner as shown. Rotate the surface about the vertical axis 45 degrees.
Interference
Beveling Edges
A corner relief of some type must be provided at internal corners due to the rounded shape of the steel. This is done by the shop in order to fit the ends properly. Corner reliefs may be created by grinding a fillet or by chamfering the edge with a cutting torch. A drawing note may be used: FIT CORNERS AS NEEDED. Corner Relief
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Assemblies
Problem 1. A. Model the cutting table. B. Create an Assembly Drawing with Parts List, Symbols. C. Create dimensioned Detail Drawings of unique parts.
Step 2. Create a 35.5 x 3 x.25 steel grate piece. Notch the upper corners as shown. Use the TriBall to copy the grate. Spacing = 3 Create a 47.5 x 35.5 x 4 slag pan. Start with a Block. Use the Shell Part command. Set thickness = .125 Fillet Weld the new parts.
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Assemblies
Problem 2. A. Model the parts for the assembly. B. Input Properties for each part. C. Create detail drawings for each part*. D. Create the Assembly drawing and Bill of Material. Main Assembly
WASHER This item is easiest to model as a Spin Part. Dimension as shown.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Sub-Assembly

Bearing (Item 2) is a force-fit with Pillow Block (Item 1). Since two parts essentially become one part, this sub-assembly is considered one item on the main assembly. This same sub-assembly could be used on other products the company manufacturers. Use the ANSI Limits and Fits tables FN-1 tables to determine the dimensions for the hole and shaft.
Assemblies
The hole in the bearing must be a running-fit with the shaft. Use the RC series ANSI Limits and Fits tables to determine the actual dimensions for the hole and shaft.
SHAFT - Nominal diameter = .625
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Assemblies
Purchased Items
Specification Control drawings are used to assure purchased items meet the needs of the product. For standard items, specification control drawings are supplied by a manufacturer. When special parts must be purchased, a Spec drawing may be created by the person needing the part. Spec drawings are sent to vendors for bids.
Note: Use these drawings to model the parts for the assembly. *Hardware items - nuts, bolts, pins, etc. do not need special drawings.
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Assemblies
Notes
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Detail Drawings
IronCAD V9
Detail Drawings
Drawing Creation
2D Drawings
English Units Metric Units
Title Blocks
Formatting Views
Adding Special Views
Standard Sizes
Custom Title Blocks
Auxiliary Views
Scene Enviornment
Drawing Enviornment
View Plane
View Creation
Offset Section
Sectional Views
Scene Enviornment
Drawing Enviornment
Cutting Plane
View Creation
Custom Section Lines
Drawing Enviornment Dimensioning
Dimensioning Standards
Center Lines
Placing Dimensions
Leader Lines and Notes.
Tolerances & Special Symbols
Text Font & Height
Decimal Places
Editing Dimensions
Isometric Dimensioning
Scene Enviornment
Drawing Enviornment
Moving Dimensions
Drawing Enviornment - Views

Insert Regular Views Sectional View Detail (Enlarged) View Auxiliary View General View (Custom View) Broken View Update single view Update All Views Drawing Sheet Sizes USA A-Size B-Size C-Size D-Size E-Size (Inches) 8.5 x 11 11 x 17 17 x 22 22 x 34 34 x 44 Metric (Millimeters) A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 210 x 297 297 x 420 420 x 594 594 x 841 841 x 1189
Note: Some printers will not print if set to a metric size and USA size paper is in the hopper.
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IronCAD V9
2D Drawings
2D Drawings
Models must be saved before creating drawings. From the File pop-down menu select Drawing. Drawing formatting for USA standard inch drawings was discussed in Chapter 1 using Workspaces (English). Workspaces (Metric) provides two display options: Metric Dimensions with European view locations. A-1 (largest-horizontal) to A-4 (smallest-vertical). Metric Dimensions with USA view locations. A Size to D Size.
A4 to A0 Drawings Selecting one of the European standard forms presents a different format for view locations. Front View is the key view. Top View is below the Front. Right View is to the left of the Front.
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2D Drawings
An A-4 Metric layout is shown. Notice the view locations. This is the standard for most of the world. The USA and a few other countries use the view locations shown previously.
IronCAD V9
Note: Even if a part is modeled using English units, it may be dimensioned using Metric units by using one of the Metric drawing templates. Units conversion is automatic.
An A Size Metric title block was used to create this drawing. Notice the views are in the USA standard locations. The dimensions are Metric.
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IronCAD V9 Inserting Special Views

Isometric views are rather rigid as far as the way the pictorial view orientation is presented. Additional pictorial views may be inserted into a drawing to provide better information about a part. Notice the Optimized view to the right shows more shape about the V-Pulley.
2D Drawings
General View Icon Special View)
General View Dialog Box Go back to the Scene for the part or assembly. Rotate the view there to the desired picture. Go to the Drawing View. Select the General View icon. Fine tune the picture using the controls at the right. OK to insert the picture.
Detail View (Enlarged View)

Click center point. Set circle size. Finish Position new view.
Right click. Select Properties Set Scale and other properties.
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Auxiliary Views
IronCAD V9
Auxiliary Views
Auxiliary Views are used to show the true shape or size of features. Dimensions must be placed on the true view - never on a foreshortened element. Auxiliary views will be at an angle to the regular front, top, side view arrangement. Auxiliary Views - Scene Enviornment In the scene view select the Look At Face icon. Turn off Perspective. Look At Face icon Perspective icon
Auxiliary Views - Drawing Enviornment Place the regular views. Select the Auxiliary View icon.
Select the angled line in the side view to define the view direction. Move the Auxiliary Projection Line away from the side view. Click the Finnish View icon. Flip Direction if necessary.
Auxiliary Projection Line
Flip Direction
Finish View
Pick line to set auxiliary view direction
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IronCAD V9
The finished auxiliary view is shown. On a detail drawing, move the views further apart to apply dimensions. Right click the auxiliary view and turn on hidden lines. A few dimensions have been placed. In the auxiliary view, true dimensions have been placed on the angled features. Dimensions must be placed where the true shape shows. Do Not dimension foreshortened views. Rotating Center Lines Right click the center line. Select Properties. Set the rotation angle.
Auxiliary Views
Secondary Auxiliary Views A second auxiliary view may be projected from a first auxiliary. __Auxilairy C-C was created to see the edge of the oblique surface. __ Auxiliary D-D was created looking perpendicular to the edge of the oblique surface to see the true size of the surface. Dimensions are placed to show the true location of the hole.
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Sectional Views
IronCAD V9
Sectional Views
Sectional Views - Scene Enviornment Select the object Pick Section View from the top menu. Pick a point on the object for the cut. From the menu bar select the cutting plane direction. Click the Define Section tool. This will place the cutting plane on the model. Adjust the view direction if needed. Click the Finish icon
Cutting Plane Direction
Define Section Tool
Right click the cutting plane and select Hide. Dialog Box:
Hide, hides the cutting plane. Suppress, suppresses the section view and returns the view to normal. Reverse direction changes the half of the object that remains. Create Section Profile or Geometry defines the cut area for use in modeling.
Section views created in the Scene enviornment cannot be transferred to the drawing enviornment.
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IronCAD V9
Sectional Views - Drawing Enviornment Start a drawing. Set the basic views. Pick the Section View icon.
Sectional Views
On the session bar select a vertical cutting plane.
Place the cutting plane at the center of the part. Finish the session. Reverse the view direction if needed. Place the section view. Place center lines. Hatch Styles Template Note: A Hatch Styles Template is available with additional styles loaded. This template does not have border lines drawn.
Hatch styles may be created and saved with a standard template.
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Sectional Views
Offset Section View Set the cutting plane line as was done in the previous example. Pick the Stagger Section Cut icon.
IronCAD V9
Select the small hole on the front face. Drag the offset line down as needed. Crosshatch Lines The angle of the crosshatch lines and the line pattern may be changed. To change the angle of the crosshatch lines, right click on the lines and set the angle in the Hatched Region Properties box.
Note: On most drawing templates only the Standard Style for crosshatch patterns is available. Special styles must be created on each drawing.
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IronCAD V9
Crosshatch Styles New styles may be created by selecting the Named Styles icon and creating a new Hatch Pattern. Pop down Named Style and select Hatch. Click Create New Style
Sectional Views
Input a name for the new style. Click Modify Properties.
This new pattern will require two overlays. Set the first overlay as shown Click New Overlay
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Sectional Views
Set Overlay 2 as shown. Save the new hatch style. Right click on the crosshatch lines on the drawing and set the pattern to Steel.
IronCAD V9
Aluminum Crosshatch Lines Set Overlay 1 as above. Set Overlay 2 to a 135 degree angle. Pick Hatch Linestyle Overlay Properties and set to dashed.
Note: Drawing templates may have Hatch styles stored.
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IronCAD V9
Dimensioning
Dimensioning
Dimensioning standards exist for: USA - ANSI Inch and Metric Europe - ISO - Metric Japan - JIS These standards are associated to the drawing sheets. IronCAD provides the basic setup for each type of dimensioning. Before dimensioning a part it is best to change the default settings to meet the needs of each drawing. Pick the Styles icon or pop down Edit St
Select Dimensioning Styles Select the standard to Modify.
Tolerances on Dimensions General Every dimension has a tolerance. (Unless marked max, min, ref, etc). Because no size can be perfect, the designer must indicate how much variation is acceptable. For general - non critical- dimensions the tolerances may be designated by the number of decimal places in the dimension. A Tolerance Block is shown on each detail drawing.
Typical tolerances for ANSI inch measurements
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Dimensioning
Showing too many decimal places on a non critical dimension would increase the cost of producing the part unnecessarily. IronCAD dimensions may default to too many decimal places. Setting the number of places before starting to dimension avoids having to change each dimension one at a time. Center-to-center dimensions are critical. Other dimensions are shown requiring less accuracy. This would reduce the cost but not effect the use of the part. Tip: Dimensions will align if you click on a previous dimension as you place a new dimension.
IronCAD V9
(Continued from previous page) Setting Decimal Places For Dimensions Select the Measure tab. Set Precision to the preferred number of decimal places: Inches = 2 Metric = 0 for non-critical sizes. Note: To change a single dimension: Right click a dimension. Pick Properties. Select Measure.
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IronCAD V9
Text Font and Height The Font tab allows setting of text properties. Explore the other tabs to become familiar with the other settings that effect dimension placement and appearance.
Dimensioning
Placing Centerlines IronCAD will draw crossed centerlines on circles and linear centerlines at the axis of a cylinder. Dimensions may be placed from the centerline endpoints. Zoom in close to place centerlines on small circles. Centerlines - Linear Pick the Centerline icon Move the cursor into the center area of the cylinder. A centerline will appear. Click to set. Pull the ends to set the length. Centerlines - Window Select Use for non-circular view. Centerlines - Circular Hole Pattern (Bolt Circle) Zoom in. Click each of the outer 6 circles in the pattern. Finish the pattern.
Linear Centerline
Window Select Centerline
Choose Linear Centerline. Move pointer to center area
Hole Pattern Centerline. Click all 6 small circles.
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Dimensioning
IronCAD V9
SmartDimension. Use this icon whenever possible. It combines many dimension placements. Use with the Tab key to select from many directional options. Linear Horizontal. Linear Vertical. Radius. Click arc. Move cursor to see placement options. Diameter. Click circle. Move cursor to see placement options. Angular dimensions. Click two lines. Move cursor to see placement options. Ordinate dimensions. 1. Click Origin. 2. Click dimension locations. Baseline dimensions. 1. Click Origin. 2. Click dimension locations.
Ordinate Dimensions Many times these dimensions are used on sheet metal parts which have many holes punched. Avoiding dimension lines and arrows makes a drawing less cluttered.
Baseline Dimensions Parts made by Numerical Control may be dimensioned from a Baseline. All features are related back to one axis. Baseline
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IronCAD V9
Leader Lines and Symbols
Dimensioning
Feature Control Frame. Use for Geometric Dimensioning. Datum Feature. Use for Geometric Dimensioning. Datum Target. Use for Geometric Dimensioning. Bill of Material. Bubble Callout. Leader Line and Text. Surface Texture Symbol. Weld Symbol. Dimension Reference Line.
Leader Line and Text Selecting this icon displays a menu of special symbols. These symbols may be added to notes and special dimensions.
Surface Roughness Symbol IronCAD provides dialog boxes for populating special symbols. In the last chapter welding symbols were formatted.
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Dimensioning
Editing Dimension Text Right click a dimension Pick Properties Select the tab you wish to edit.
IronCAD V9
Note: To change text height highlight the text then set new height, font, etc.
Dimension Tolerance Click the Tolerance tab. Set form and values.
Reference Dimension (Value is enclosed in parenthesis).
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IronCAD V9
SmartDimension SmartDimension will place most of the dimensions on a drawing. This option will automatically recognize most types of geometry. Dimension from a circle center: Hold down the shift key. Click the circle. This will place the dimension to the center. Press the Tab key to select the dimension direction. Angle Dimension Hold down the shift key. Select each line. Click to set the dimension location. Line lengths Distance between points Diameter Radius Angles
Dimensioning
On some constructions, press the Tab key to cycle between placement options.
Silhouette Edge Dimension The contour line (silhouette edge) may be dimensioned by holding down the shift key wile selecting the diameter (1.575) distance.
Edit Dimension Location Click a dimension. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the dimension or text to the new location.
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IronCAD V9
Isometric dimensions are rarely used for production drawings. They may be used for illustrations and simple consumer instruction manuals. Dimensions for isometric drawings must start from the Scene Enviornment. Place SmartDimensions and Constraint dimensions on the model. Right click and mark each dimension: Transfer to Drawing. Marked dimensions will have > appended. Create a drawing. The marked dimensions will transfer to the drawing. Right click each dimension and select: Move to Another View. Click the pictorial view. If the dimension orientation needs to be changed, move the dimension to one of the regular views then back to the pictorial. New Feature in Vesion 7 IronCAD Dimensions may also be placed directly on a true isometric view using the regular dimensioning tools. Views that are not true isometric views will not show correct values. Angular dimensions display as the true space dimension (not the apparent angle dimension) in the Isometric view.
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IronCAD V9
2D Shape/Symbol Catalogs
Catalogs of 2D shapes and symbols may be created in the Drawing enviornment. Much like catalogs for 3D objects the shape is drawn using the 2D drawing tools. Individual lines and arcs are grouped. The group is then dragged into a catalog. Sample catalogs are provided. A listing is shown. Catalogs are created using the Catalog pop-down. Catalogs are saved and loaded using the Catalog menu. Many hunderds of shapes and symbols are in use for Architectural and Engineering drawings.
Shapes and symbols for paper drawings were often placed using plastic templates. The templates had cutouts for the symbols wide enough for a pencil point. Drafters could quickly draw multiple symbols using the templates without taking time to draw each line or arc using tools. A good way to create shapes for CADD 2D symbols is to use the same physical size from those templates. Some symbols like piping, electrical, logic do not need to be drawn to a specific scale. These symbols are usually drawn on a 1/10 inch grid so each symbol is about .7 inch in size. Architectural symbols for furniture, fixtures and construction items are commonly drawn using a scale of 1/4" = 1' - 0" or 1/8" = 1' - 0".
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Grids for Symbols Whether drawing symbols or placing symbols, grids are needed to control placement, end connections and size. Pop down Tools ... Grid Turn on the Grid Set the Grid Spacing Pop down Tools ... Snap Set Snap to Grid
IronCAD V9
Placing symbols from a catalog. Drag the symbol to the grid. Add lines to complete the diagram. In this example a 1/10 " grid was used. Rotate symbols: Select the symbol Right Click select Properties Click Position Tab Set Orientation as shown. Use 90, 180, 270 as needed. Axis X Y Z
Symbol Catalogs - Creating __ Set the Grid and Snap __ Draw the shape. __ Window Select the lines and arcs __ Pop down Shape Menu __ Select Group __ Drag and drop the Group to a catalog
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IronCAD V9
Problem 1. A. Model the part. B. Create a detail dimensioned drawing with auxiliary view. Dimension the T slot in the auxiliary view. Include a tolerance block. T-slot is perpendicular to surface A. IronCAD Isometric Dimensions
Problem 2. A. Model the part as a solid as shown in Fig 1. Shell the part from the bottom surfaceto a thickness of .125 as shown in Fig 2. B. Create a detail drawing with top view offset section M-N. Dimension the part. Include a tolerance block. Problem 3. Recall assigned problems from the Inclined and Oblique chapters. A. Fully dimension the objects using correct form. Print. B. Create Isometric Drawings and dimension. Print.
Fig 1.
Fig 2.
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Sheet Metal
Sheet Metal
Sheet Metal
Sheet Metal Settings
Tools ...Options Menu
Set Material
Sheet Metal Catalog
Stock Shapes
Flanges
Deforms
Cutouts
Editing Handles
Shape View Sizebox View
Stock Shape
Bend Shape
Corner Relief
Creating Parts
Stock
Flange
Deforms and Cutouts
Tooling Properties
Reliefs
Corner
Bend
Drawings
Unfolding
Flat Pattern
Most work with sheet metal shapes must use items from the Sheet Metal Catalog. Selections in the catalog are color coded to designate the use of the item All models start from the Stock object. Other catalog items add to or modify the stock shape.
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Sheet Metal
Sheet metal parts are modeled in their formed shape. From the flat Stock, flanges may be added and other shaping done. When the model is complete a flat pattern is created. The flat pattern size is computed along the neutral axis of the part. If corners at bends were sharp, the metal would tear or break so a bend radius must be incorporated into the shape. On flat sections the neutral axis is at 50% of the metal thickness. Because most metals stretch more than they compress, the neutral axis in the bend area is less than 50%. Creating the flat pattern involves complex calculations that draw the correct lengths.
Sheet Metal Settings Standard bend radius for many materials and thicknesses is stored under the Stock tab. Pick the Tools pop down menu. Select Options. Click the Stock tab. The Sheet Metal tab also has settings. New materials and custom settings may be added to the chart. Before modeling a part, pick the correct material and thickness from the chart. Metric Sheet Metal Settings For Metric parts, the metal gages stay the same. Material thickness and bend radius are given in
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Sheet Metal Sheet Metal Catalog

Sheet metal parts must start with Stock. 1. Drag the Stock icon to the Scene. Edit base stock size. (See next section). Sheet Metal Fillet and Chamfer tools. Standard tools do not work. (Cyan) Not all items are shown
2. Add Bends (Flanges) Bends are set to 90 degrees but the actual angle may be changed as needed. Select the type of bend needed for the design. Select the upper or lower mid-point of the stock edge. This determines the bend direction. 3. Add Deforms Place using the TriBALL or SmartDimensions. Re-size as needed. 4. Add Cutouts. Place using the TriBALL or SmartDimensions. Re-size as needed. Bend Without Autosize is a special case of the Out Bend. The Hem is a 180 degree sharp bend. (Metal may crack or break). A Seam has a small inside radius. Standard bends. (Flanges). (Yellow). Three types are needed to meet different design requirements.
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Deforms and Cutouts may be sized once the default shape is inserted and located on the sheet metal part. A Pop-out is shown. Top View Not all items are shown
Sheet Metal
Deforms are shown in green. They stretch the metal. Some options cut as well as stretch. Deforms will show on flat pattern views but cannot be flattened.
Bottom View
Tooling Properties dialogs - Right click object

Cutouts are shown in cyan color. They are special punch shapes which create holes in sheet metal parts.
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Sheet Metal
Editing Sheet Metal Stock Shape After the material and thickness are set, drag the stock shape into the scene. Click the stock shape to the Intellishape level. By default, Shape editing is selected. Click the Shape Icon to select Sizebox. Set new length and width values for the stock shape. Notice that the height is fixed and cannot be changed. Adding Bends to a Sheet Metal Shape Select the type of bend to add. Select the edge to add the bend to. Bend added to lower edge. Flange goes down. Sheet Metal Bend Types Bend. Adds bend radius + metal thickness to length of stock part. In Bend. Adds metal thickness to length of stock part. (Length of stock is shortened to accommodate bend radius). Length of Stock
Bend added to upper edge. Flange goes up.
Out Bend. Basic part stays the same length. (Length of stock is shortened to accommodate bend radius + metal thickness).
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Sheet Metal
Flange Structure
Flanges consist of two separate parts. Each part has special editing tools. Shape is default. Bend. The curved portion. Edit Shape. Edit Relief. Additional stock. Edit Shape. Edit Sizebox. Base Stock Additional Stock
Bend
Bend Editing
There are many options. Handles may change depending on previous edits. Click the bend until the 4 edit selections show. Move with mouse or right click for dialog box. Change angle of base stock
Change angle of flange Change length horizontally.
Move base stock + bend up or down. Shape edit mode Click one more time. Shape edit mode is invoked. Bend angle, bend radius and bend length edit handles appear. Relief edit mode Click the shape icon. Relief edit mode is invoked. Bend length and bend relief edit handles appear. Bend Length Corner Relief Radius edit handle Bend Length
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Sheet Metal
Click once on the inner bend relief handle to create the standard bend relief. This notch is needed in order to form the flange without distorting the base shape.
Rounded relief
Click inner bend relief handle
Corner Relief
Two outbend flanges were added to a base shape. This was done to preserve the base outside dimension. The corners do not meet properly. Two edits are needed. 1. Edit the Add Stock Corners. 2. Edit the Bend faces. Drag faces to make inner edges touch.
Click each flange to IntelliShape mode. Drag the Add Stock faces until the inner edges touch. Click the Bend to Shape Mode. Click the Shape icon to Relief mode. Drag the bend faces as shown.
Drag bend faces to tangent line corner. A toolbar is available for sheet metal work including a close corner option.
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Setting Bend Height It is often necessary to maintain an overall (outside to outside) flange distance. Click the Add Stock flange to Shape mode. Right click the shape handle. Select Edit Distance From Point. Select Point.
Sheet Metal
Place the point to measure from at the lower tangent point of the base stock as shown.
Place reference point on lower edge
An Edit Distance dialog box sets the height from the bottom of the stock to the top of the flange. Edit Distance From Point greatly simplifies setting the correct Add Stock height. Otherwise, a calculation would be needed: (From Tools ...Options Stock setting) Stock thickness = .050 Bend radius = .050 Add Stock Height = 1.00 (base stock thickness + bend radius) = 1.00 - (.050 + .050) = .90 Add Stock Height
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Sheet Metal Tutorial - Sheet Metal Box

Create the box and lid shown. Box outside dimensions = 4.00 x 3.00 x 1.00 Lid must fit over box. Lid height = .50 Use 5052-16 Aluminum 1. Pick Tools ...Options ....Stock Select 5052-16 Box: 2. Drag Stock shape into scene. Click to IntelliShape mode. Set Size = 4.00 x 3.00 To preserve the outside dimensions use OutBends on the top midpoints of the base stock. 3. Place 4 OutBends With Stock on the top edges of the stock. Set the flange height to 1.00. Move each face of the base stock back to the tangent line. Edit the corner reliefs as shown earlier. To avoid problems unfolding: Leave a slight gap between the lines .002 to .008 works O.K..
Move edge of base stock back to tangent line. 4 sides. Total height of flange = 1.00
Move edge of base stock back to tangent line
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4. Model the lid. Start with 4.00 x 3.00 stock. Add a InBend flange at each edge. (InBend is used so the top will fit over the bottom section. Inside to inside must be 4.00 x 3.00). Set the total flange height to .50. Resize each edge of the base stock back to the tangent line for each bend. Edit the corner reliefs. Set the inside edge to inside edge alignment for each face. Leave a slight gap between the inner face lines.
Sheet Metal
Move edge of base stock back to bend tangent line.
5. Assemble the parts. Use the TriBALL to move parts into place. Be sure the lid exactly fits over the bottom. Save.
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Sheet Metal Flat Pattern

Create drawings for the bottom and lid. Select the lid at Part Level. Click Tools... Unfold Sheetmetal Part Note: If the parts will not unfold, be sure to leave a slight gap at each corner where the flanges meet. Start a Drawing. Place the flat pattern on an A size sheet and scale the view 1=1. Show flat view and pictorial. Refold the part and save everything.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Conical Steetmetal Parts

Operations on Conical Stock are very limited at present. Cuts may be created and flat pattern views may be placed on drawings.
Sheet Metal
Conical Sheetmetal Sizing] Click to Intellishape Mode. Right Click and select Intellishape Properties.
Upper and lower radius are set to the middle of the metal thickness in this example. Upper and lower extents are measured from the middle of the part. Total height is 8. A full 360 degree cone is created.
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Sheet Metal
Conical Sheetmetal Cutting Regular Intellishapes from the catalogs may be used to cut Conical Sheetmetal. Drag a shape from a catalogdo not touch the conical shape. Use the TriBall to move it into position. Click on the Conical part, hold down shift and click on the cylinder. (Sequence is important.) Pop down Tools and select Cut Sheetmetal Part. Delete the cylinder. This will leave a cutout hole. Select the Conical Part. Pop down Tools Click Unfold Sheetmetal Part
The unfolded view may be used to create a Flat pattern drawing.
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Sheet Metal
Problem 1. A. Model the part. B. Create a Flat Pattern drawing 1=1 on an A size title
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Sheet Metal

Problem 2. Create the parts shown. Bolt together with #6-32UNC x .375 bolt, lock washer and jam nut. (4 reqd.) 5052-16 Aluminum. Create flat pattern drawings for parts.
Width = 2.00
Step 1. Model this part as shown.
Step 2. Add .50 Flanges as shown. Include corner reliefs.
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Sheet Metal
Step 3. Put holes in flanges as shown.
Step 4. Model the 2 wide piece to the same size as the 1st part as shown.
Step 5. Place holes in part 2 using holes in part1 as a guide.
Step 6. Place bolts, lock washers and nuts to bolt assembly together.
Place the hole at random in part 2. Use the TriBall to move the hole to the bottom center of the existing hole. Set the correct hole size.
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Mechanism Mode
Mechanism Mode
Many designs include parts that must assemble, link together and provide motion from one part to another. IronCAD 9 includes some of the tools needed to apply motion to one part and observe the reactions on other parts.
IronCAD 9 includes a new Tool: Mechanism Mode. Moving parts in unison requires that parts be constrained to each other. 2D drawings need constraints so changes in the layout result in a predictable change behavior. The same is true for mechanisms. A "smart" set of constraints will cause parts to move in a real world manner. Assembly constraints need to be applied in a logical sequence much like assembling the actual parts. While some parts must move, other parts must remain fixed so additional constraints will ground parts to prevent motion. A Catalog of parts for the tutorials is available for download from www.engr-tech.com Look for IronCAD version 9 textbook.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Positioning Parts -Tools menu

Previous chapters used the Tri-Ball to move parts in relation to other parts. A second tool is available for quick positioning.
Mechanism Mode
Mate and Align Positioning Tool Located on the Tools Menu. This is quick positioning method using the mouse to point locations. Large arrows show locations as the mouse moves over key points. These commands align parts but do not "lock" locations. Parts may still move in un-predictable ways due to later changes.
Positioning Constraints
These do more to lock parts into location.
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Mechanism Mode
Mate. This will brig flat surfaces face to face.
First pick Moves object to Second pick.
Align. This will bring surfaces edge to edge. Three constraints were needed to fully position the two parts. The scene browser shows the constraints that have been applied. Three constraints are needed in this example to fully constrain the blocks. Additional constraints would over constrain the blocks. Constraints may be deleted and re-applied to meet other conditions.
Constraints have been applied on Part 7 in relation to Part 8
Concentric constraint. Pin is co-linear with hole.
Align is used to fully position the parts. Scene browser shows pin aligned to block.
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Mechanism Mode
Right-click on the Align constraint and a option to edit the offset diatance is available.
In this example the pin align face has been offset from the block face by .500 The faces also could have been positioned using the Distance constrain option.
Perpendicular constraint The two surfaces are perpendicular in space. Additional constraints are needed to fully position the blocks.
Parallel constraint Distance constraint
Angle constraint. Parts need not intersect. Tanget constraint.
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Mechanism Mode
Cam-FollowerConstraint. The end of the pushrod is constrained to the cam surface. As the cam rotates, the pushrod will oscillate back and forth (with additional constraints). Tutorial - Animating Assemblies The crank,wheel and drive pin are posititioned but free to rotate. Turning the crank rotates these parts. The link is positioned to the wheel face and constrained concentric to the drive pin on one end and constrained concentric to the rod-pin on the other end. The rod is constrained concentric to the two supports. Turning the crank causes the mechanism to operate in a "real world" manner. The operation can be captured as a movie. These demonstration modules will be modeled: Link and rod
Toggle Mechanism
Cam follower
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Mechanism Mode
Build or download the following parts:
Base part. Build the frame shown. All parts are Unioned to form one part. Save as Base
Crank Assembly Model the sections shown. Union into one part. Save as CrankPart
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Mechanism Mode
DrivePlate DriveWheel
Push Rod with Pin Push Rod
Pin
Link These parts will be used in several assemblies to constrain parts and demonstrate linked motions. Next, we will be working with assemblies. Be sure to save all models to the same folder. Tutorial Continues next page....
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Assembly 1. Cam Follower __ Open the Base model. __ Save As CamFollower Create an Assembly. __ Click Base and click the assembly icon. __ Rename the assembly CamFollower. __ Ground the Base. Right-click on the base and select Fixed in Parent. Parent is the CamFollower Assembly so the Base will be fixed in that assembly. __ Insert the CrankPart into the screen. File ... Insert Part/Assembly __ Click Constrain. First step. __ Select Concentric constraint. __ Pick the round shaft on the crank. __ Zoom in if needed and pick the hole surface on the shaft support. Note: You can select a view command while in the middle of another command. Select the view command, change the view and de-select the view command. Shaft Support
Mechanism Mode
Fixed in Parent icon
The crank must be constrained concentric to the hole in the shaft support (X and Z directions) and aligned to the flat face of the shaft support (Y). The crank should turn freely.
Second step. __ Select Mating. __ Rotate the view if needed and zoom in. Pick the inboard face of the square shaft. __ Rotate and zoom again if needed and pick the inboard face of the shaft support. SAVE. The crank part should constrained to rotate freely without moving from side to side. Next: Check crank rotation....
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Mechanism Mode
__ Select Tools...Mechanism Mode
This will turn on Mechanism Mode. It will be invoked until the green O.K. dot or the "X" is selected. __ Click the crank handle. __ Pull the handle around to verify it works correctly. If everything moves then you need to Ground the base. SAVE. __ Insert the Cam. Add to Assembly. We used a square shaft and hole to assure a driving force between the crank and Cam. A round hole and shaft would not allow constraints to transfer force. See Note at right.... __ Turn on Mechanism Mode. Part linking constraints should be applied with Mechanism Mode turned on. __ Constrain two flats on the cam hole to two flats on the shaft. __ Constrain the outer face of the cam to the outer end of the shaft. __ Insert the Pushrod __ Concentric Constrain the rod to one of the rod support holes. __ Cam Follower constrain the end of the rod to the cam surface. __ Turn the handle. Pushrod should follow cam surface. SAVE. Note: The surface of the cam was created as a swept surface. If the cam is unioned to the shaft the "swept surface" definition may be lost and the cam-follower constraint will not work.
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Make a Movie. __ Once the mechanism is working correctly, select the crank part at part level. Check the part anchor to verify the height-length-depth orientation. __ drop a motion on the crank from the Animation Catalog. In this example, Height Spin is selected. __Turn on Mechanism Mode and the SmartMotions toolbar. __ Check to see that the motion is correct under SmartMotion control.
Mechanism Mode
__ Click File ... Export ....Animation __ Select different Frame width, height etc. if needed. __ Click Options
__ Set options as needed. Video 1 format works well with many viewers.
SAVE End of Tutorial.
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Mechanism Mode
Problem 1. Create a link assembly containing: Base CrankPart DriveWheel PushRodWithPin Link Pin(s) as needed. __ Be sure to apply link constraints with Mechanism Mode turned on. __ Verify correct motion. __ Make a movie. __ Retract the rod all the way back. Select the rod and wheel at Part level. Click Tools ... Check Interference. Problem 2. Toggle Mechanism This example has a limited range of motion. Toggle mechanisms are often used to provide positive clamping forces. The popular Vise Grip tm pliar is an example. Just as the center pin goes "overcenter" a large force on the pushrod is generated. If a stop is placed under the link, a large reverse force on the pushrod cannot unlock the clamp. __ Assemble using: Base, CrankPart, Link, Pin(s) PushRodWithPin, DrivePlate. __ Verify motion. SAVE.
STOP Commercial Toggle Clamp www.carrlane.com
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blank
Mechanism Mode
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Importing / Exporting
Importing and Exporting
Drawing Files
.DWG Format
.DXF Format
Bitmap Formats
Solid Models
Bitmap Formats
ACIS Formats
Parasolid Formats
Other Formats
The ability to interchange models and drawings with other CADD software is extremely important in industry. Many companies use several CADD systems because: They may be making the transistion from one CADD system to another. Customers may need to send or receive drawings in another CADD format. IronCAD has the most extensive set of tools available for translating to and from other file formats. Most CADD software is written around a core modeler which is purchased from a vendor. Two popular core modelers are: Parasolids: SolidWorks, Solid Edge, Unigraphics, IronCAD ..... ACIS: AutoCAD, Microstation, CATIA, IronCAD .... Notice that IronCAD uses both core modelers!
Individual parts or single parts in an assembly may be exported. Select the part at part level. Part must be selected or the dialog below will not appear. Click File ..... Export Click Part Select the export format.
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IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Importing and Exporting 2D Drawing Files

.dxf and .dwg format - AutoCAD
2D files are usually easier to move from one CADD software to another. Almost all CADD systems recognize the AutoCAD drawing exchange format file system. (.dxf) file extension. DXF files are also used as a way to send geometric data to machine tools for sheet metal layout and 2D drilling operations. AutoCAD saves work as a native .dwg file. Some CADD software will also read and write these files. These file types save the start, end, center, etc. data for the lines and circles on a drawingin at text or scipt format. This means that other programs can use the same data in an intelligent, editable format.
This drawing was exported to AutoCAD using the .dwg file format. Some problems with text are seen because the text font used by IronCAD was not configured for AutoCAD. (This is an easy problem to fix). As a test, the same drawing was exported from IronCAD and imported into AutoCAD and the results were nearly identical.
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Import / Export Bitmap Files These files are used for publication and static type display. The file only transmits a picture (bit by bit) of the drawing. There is no intelligence or editable content. There are many bitmap file types in use so it is necessary to check the receiving program to find an acceptable format. IronCAD will export bitmap files from both the modeling enviornment and the drawing enviornment. .Avi Export Animation Animation files are exported as a series of 2D bitmap frames. The .avi file type is very common and is used for Windows Media Player, other animation players and for internet animation. Animation may be saved as other bitmap filetypes from the pop down menu. Solids Import /Export formats An industry (also international) standard for file translation is being attempted - IGES (Interim Graphics Exchange Standard). This format should be acceptable between all major CADD softwares. Stereolithography files are used to create plastic, wax or plaster-type models directly from CADD objects.
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3D Solids - Import and Export Moving solid objects designed on one CADD software to another CADD software is difficult and may result in lost features and part history. Since IronCAD used both the ACIS and the Parasolids core modelers, there is a greater probability of success in file translation. It is possible to load an ACIS (AutoCAD) model into IronCAD and export it to a Parasolids (Unigraphics, SolidWorks, Solid Edge) program with good results!
The part shown below started as an AutoCAD model. It was imported into IronCAD (ACIS 4.0) and used in this book then exported to Solid Edge (Parasolid 10 format).
Solid Edge Part enviornment.
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Index603
! 1st angle 10 2D Construction Lines 84 2D Construction Toolbar. 65 2D Drawing Tools 64 - 71 2D Drawings 196 - 198 2D Editing Toolbar 66 2D Layout Techniques 85 2D Shape 163 2D Shape/Symbol Catalogs 214 - 216 2D Shapes 81 3D curves 165 3rd angle 10 A A Size Metric title block 197 A-4 Metric 197 A4 to A0 Drawings 196 A-4 to A-1 Drawings 196 Accurate Sizes25 Add Material 62 Add New Path 101 Adding Bends - Sheet Metal Shape 221 Adding text - Scene View 32 Align 235 Aligning Surfaces 52 Aligning surfaces using the shift-key 113 Angle constraint. 236 Angle Dimension 212 Animating Object Rotation 100 Animation 95 - 108 Arc Through a Point and Tangent to a Circle. Architectural 7 Arrays and Patterns - TriBall 49 - 51 Assemblies 176 - 194 ASSEMBLY DRAWING 176 Assembly Drawing - Creating 182 Assembly Feature 186 Assembly Feature 185 Auxiliary Views - Drawing Enviornment 199 Auxiliary Views - SceneEnviornment 199 Axonometric view 97 B B Spline Curve 89 Baseline Dimensions 209 Bearings 172 Beveling Edges 189
86
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Bill of Material - Bottom Up display 183 Bill of Material - Editing 183 Bill of Material Icon 182 Bisect an angle 85 Bubble Callouts - Placing 184 C Camera Picker97 Cam-FollowerConstraint 237 Catalog Open 81 Catalogs 19 Catalogs .... New 81 Center Lines 90 Centering alignment 53 Centerlines - Circular Hole Pattern 208 Centerlines - Linear 208 Centerlines - Window Select 208 chamfered 55 Changing Dimension Settings 118 Circle Tangent Construction icons 84 Circular (Radial) Pattern 49 Cold Formed Steel Shapes 174 Complex Curved Surfaces 164 - 167 Concentric constraint 235 Conical Sheetmetal Cutting 229 Conical Sheetmetal Sizing 228 Conical Steetmetal Parts 228 Constraints 72 - 78 Constraints Toolbar 72 Construction Geometry 65 Construction Line Toggle 80 Construction Lines 80 Creating 2D outlines 62 Creating Surface entity from part. 164 Crosshatch Lines 203 Crosshatch Styles 204 curcumscribed polygon 87 Cursor Location Reading 79 D Datum Planes 15 Decimal Inch 7 Detail Drawing 177 Detail Drawings 195 Detail Drawings - Creating 181 Detail View (Enlarged View) 198 Dimension from a circle center 212 Dimension Notes 121 Dimension Style 119 Dimension Tolerance 211
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Dimensioning 117, 206 - 212 Dimensioning Cylinders 150 Distance constraint 236 Divide a line 85 Drafting machines 6 Draw triangle - 3 sided given 85 Drawing Copying 8 Drawing Creation 28 Drawing Enviornment - Views 195 Drawing Enviornment - Views Icons 195 Drawing Plotting 8 Drawing Sheet Sizes 195 Drawing Sheets - sizes 8 Drawing vs Modeling 9 Drawings - Placing Text 31 Drawings - Placing Views 30 E Edit 2D Cross Section61 Edit Cross-Section 72 Edit Dimension Location 212 Editing SmartMotions 102 Editing Dimensions 121 Editing DimensionText 211 Editing Using Handles 80 Ellipse 88 Ellipse Arc 88 Euclidian Geometry - Locating Centers 86 Exporting a Model Bitmap 33 F Fasteners 175 filleted 55 First Angle Projection10 Flip Extrude Direction. 143 Format Menu 63 Fractional Inch 7 Function Key 10 36 G Gears 173 General View Icon 198 Grids for Symbols 215 H Hatch Styles Template 202 Helical Extrusions and Cutouts 162 - 163 Helix: 173 HELP 16 - 17 Hole Shapes - Special 175 Hot Formed Steel Shapes. 174 I
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Inclined Surface - Angle Specified. 128 Inclined Surface -Offset Dimension Specified Inclined Surfaces 125 - 136 Inovate - Printing Models 32 inscribed polygon 87 Inserting Special Views 198 Intellishape Edit Mode 21 Intellishape Modes 60 IronCAD Features 11 Isometric Dimensioning 213 K Key Frames 103 L Leader Lines and Symbols 210 Length and Radius Constraints 82 Linear Pattern 49 LOAD 16 Lofted Shapes 156 - 158 Look At Icon (F7) 82 M Main Screen 14 Making Changes - Part Structure 131 Mate 235 Mate and Align Positioning Tool 234 Mechanism Mode 233 - 244 Metric 7 Metric Sheet Metal Settings 218 Mitering Corners. 189 Modeling 9 Modeling Sequence 151 Modifying Edges 55 - 58 Modifying Surfaces - TriBall 48 N Named Styles 118 Normal Surfaces 109 - 124 O Object Anchor100 Object Color and Transparency 98 Oblique Surfaces 137 - 148 Oblique Surfaces - DimensioningMethods. 139 Offset 80 Offset Section View 203 Orbit Camera 99 Ordinate Dimensions 209 Orthographic View Studies 105 P Parallel constraint 236 Parameter Table 83 129
252

Parametric Design 83 Part Mode 21 Part Modes - editing levels 21 Part Properties180 Perpendicular constraint 236 Perspective view 97 Placing Center Lines 30 Placing Centerlines 208 Placing Dimensions 120 Placing Objects 20 Polygons 87 Positioning Constraints 234 Positioning Parts 234 Printing from the Model Screen 33 Project 3D Edges 96 R Radial Pattern 50 Rectangular Pattern 49 Reference Dimension 211 Remove Material 62 Re-Orient to Global 37 Reshaping Catalog Items 61 Restoring Orientation 97 Rotate symbols 215 Rotating Center Lines 200 Ruled Surface 167 S SAVE 16 Save as Part/Assembly 177, 181 Scene Browser 56 Secondary Auxiliary Views 200 Sectional Views - Drawing Enviornment Sectional Views - Scene Enviornment Sectioning Parts 159 - 161 Setting Decimal Places For Dimensions Shape Catalogs 81 Shape Handle Editing 60 Shape removal went the wrong direction Sheet Metal 217 - 232 Sheet Metal - Flat Pattern 227 Sheet Metal - Setting Bend Height 224 Sheet Metal Stock Shape- Editing 221 Sheet Metal Bend Editing 222 Sheet Metal Bend Types 221 Sheet Metal Catalog 219 Sheet Metal Corner Relief 223 Sheet Metal Flange Structure 222 Sheet Metal Settings 218
202 201 207
143
253

Sheet Metal Tooling Properties 220 Show Curve Dimensions 65 Show Endpoints 66 Show Length and Angle 66 Show-Me animation 18 Silhouette Edge Dimension 212 Sizebox Handle Editing 60 Smart Motion Wizard 101 SmartDimension 212 SmartPaint 98 Snap 63 Snap = Grid 63 Spin Shapes 152 - 153 Splitting the screen 124 Stand Alone object 62 Standard Views 97 Starting IronCAD 12 Suppress the tooling block 143 Suppressing Shapes 56 Surface Colors100 Surface Roughness Symbol 210 Surface-Edge-Vertex Edit Mode 21 SurfaceToolbar 166 Swept Shapes 154 - 155 Symbol Catalogs - Creating 215 T Tangent Constructions 84 Tanget constraint 236 Tapering 51 Text Font and Height 208 Third Angle Projection 10 Title Blocks 8 Toggle Mechanism 243 Tolerances on Dimensions - General 206 Tooling Block 129 Tooling Blocks - Oblique Surfaces 139 Tools ... Check Interference 243 Tools Catalog 171 - 175 Transfering Dimensions to Drawings. Transparency 98 TriBall36 TriBall - Assembling parts 48 Tri-Ball Commands 38 TriBall Menu 43 Tri-Ball Orientation Controls 40 Tri-Ball Translation Controls 39 TriBall Tutorial 1 41 TriBall Tutorial 2 42
132
254

TriBall Tutorial 3 44 Trim Curve 71 Turn Datum Planes On/Off 13 Tutorial - 2D Drawing Tools 73 Tutorial - Animating Assemblies 237 Tutorial - Creating a 2D Layout. 69 Tutorial - Inclined Surfaces 130 Tutorial - Inclined Surfaces Animation 133 Tutorial - Lofted Shape 158 Tutorial - Modeling Normal Surfaces113 Tutorial - Modeling with Intellishapes 26 Tutorial - Oblique Surface - Point and Two Angles Given 140 Tutorial - Oblique SurfacesThree Points Given. 144 Tutorial - Section View (Scene) 160 Tutorial - Sheet Metal Box 225 Tutorial - Spin Shape 153 Tutorial - Swept Shape 155 Tutorial - Table Assembly 178 Tutorial - Table Assembly Part 2. 185 Tutorial - When to sketch? 115 U U - V Mesh Surface 167 Units of Measure 7 Using the Mouse - Left and Right Buttons 22 V View (Camera) Commands 23 Views of Objects 97 W Weld Symbols184 Wireframe Mode 98 Workspace English 14 Workspace Metric 14 Workspaces (English) 196 Workspaces (Metric) 196 Workspaces (Metric) 196
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IronCAD and Inovate version 9

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SDC Publications Mission Kansas

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

Fair Use Statement

IronCAD version 9 Series 9 Copryright 2007 All rights reserved.

Fair Use Statement

IronCAD v9 and Inovate

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

Updates, Corrections and additional files

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Drawing Sheets

Diazo process. Hot ammonia gas develops the copy image.

Introduction Drawing vs Modeling

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Drawing - IronCAD only

1st Angle Views

Introduction IronCad Features

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCad or Inovate PART MODEL

IronCad Detail (Production) Drawing

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

Starting IronCad or Inovate

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

Icon to turn datum planes On/Off

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

Pop Down Menus and Standard Tool Bar View Icons

Main Modeling Screen Major Features:

Prompt Area below.

Command specific icons.

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

It is a good idea to save every 15 - 20 minutes.

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

View Commands Catalogs

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Placing Objects.

Introduction Part Modes - editing levels

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

Right-click at Part Level and part related options appear.

Right-click at Intellishape level and editing options appear.

Roll wheel to Zoom. Press down on wheel to click.

Introduction View (Camera) Commands

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Creating Models using Intellishapes.

Introduction Accurate Sizes

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

Right-Click For a menu to key in accurate sizes.

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE Tutorial - Modeling with Intellishapes

IronCAD V9 & INOVATE

IronCAD V6 & INOVATE

IronCAD V6 & INOVATE

This is a standard title block form.

IronCAD V6 & INOVATE Drawings - Placing Views

IronCAD V6 & INOVATE

Drawings - Placing Text

Introduction Exporting a Model Bitmap