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Bca 2nd Sem Final Syllabus

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S. NO.

COURSE CODE COURSE NAME COURSE CATEGORY


1 23BCA402DS01 Digital Logic Design Discipline-Specific Courses
2 23BCA402DS02 Data and File Structures Discipline-Specific Courses
3 24ECO402MI01 Indian Economic Policy Minor Course
4 24CSC402SE01 Web Development-II Skill Enhancement Courses
5 23HNDX01AE01 Hindi Bhasha Sanvardhan (One) Ability Enhancement Courses
6 23CSAX01VA01 Digital and Technological Solutions Value Added Courses
7 24BCHX02MD01 Nutrients and Human Health Multidisciplinary Courses
Syllabi and Scheme of Examinations for 4-year Bachelor of Computer Applications – Single Major w.e.f. 2023-24 session

Academic Session 2023-24


Second Semester

Name of the Program 4-Year Bachelor of Computer Program Code -----


Applications
Name of the Course Digital Logic Design Course Code 23BCA402DS01

Hours/Week 4 (4+0+0) Credits (L:T:P) 4:0:0


Max. Marks. Theory: 100 (70+30) Time of end term 3 Hours
examination
Note: The examiner has to set nine questions in all by setting two questions from each Unit and Question No. 1
consisting of 7 parts (short-answer type questions) covering the entire syllabus. Student will be required to attempt
five questions in all by selecting one question from each Unit and Question No. 1, which is compulsory.

Course Objectives:

To acquire the basic knowledge of digital logic levels and application to understand digital electronics circuits. This
course also prepares students to perform the analysis and design of various digital electronic circuits, design and
analyze sequential and combinational logic circuits.

Course Outcomes:

By the end of the course the students will be able to:


CO1: Understand the concept of logic gates.
CO2: Understand and use of number system and their conversion.
CO3: Learn the concept of combinational circuit and sequential circuits.
CO4: Understand the concept of Computer Organization and instruction sets.
CO5: Explore concepts related to Memory Organization and Input Output Organization.

Unit – I
Digital Systems and Binary Numbers: Digital Systems: Digital Signals, Digital Waveforms, Digital Computers and
Digital Integrated Circuits. Number Systems: Binary Number Systems, Octal and Hexadecimal Number System.
Number Base Conversions. Complements, Signed Binary Numbers and Binary Codes, Error Detection and Correction
codes.

Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates: Boolean Algebra: Axiomatic Definition, Theorems and Properties. Boolean
Functions, Canonical Standard forms: SOP and POS forms. Digital Logic Gates: NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND,
XOR and XNOR. Universal Gates and their implementation

Unit – II
Gate Level Minimization: Karnaugh Map (K-map) Method: Simplification: Algebra postulates and Canonical forms.
Prime Implicants: Types, Determination and Selection of Prime implicants.

Don’t Care Conditions, NAND and NOR implementation.


Unit – III
Combinational Circuits: Introduction, Characteristics and Designing principles of Combinational circuits. Binary
Adder: Half-Adder & Full-Adder, Subtractor: Half-Subtractor & Full-Subtractor, Parallel binary Adder/Subtractor,
Binary Multiplier, Comparators, Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Encoders and Decoders.

Unit – IV
Sequential Circuits: Characteristics of Sequential Circuits, Latches, Flip-Flops: Introduction, S-R Flip flop, J-K Flip
Flop, D Flip flop, T Flip flop and Master Slave Flip flop.

Registers: Shift Registers, Applications of Registers. Counters: Asynchronous & Synchronous Counters. Modulo-N
Counters and Up-Down Counters.

DCSA, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 9


Syllabi and Scheme of Examinations for 4-year Bachelor of Computer Applications – Single Major w.e.f. 2023-24 session

Suggested Readings:

1. Mano, M.M. : Digital Logic and Computer Design, Prentice- Hall of India.
2. Gill, Nasib Singh and Dixit J.B.: Digital Design and Computer Organisation, University Science Press
(Laxmi Publications), New Delhi.
3. Stallings, William: Computer Organisation & Architecture.
4. Mano, M.M. : Digital Design, Prentice-Hall of India.
5. Anand Kumar : Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, PHI.
6. Tokheim : Digital Electronics, TMH.
7. S. Rangnekar: Digital Electronics, ISTE/ EXCEL
8. Any other book covering the contents of the subject.

Note: Latest and additional good books may be suggested and added from time to time.

DCSA, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 10


Syllabi and Scheme of Examinations for 4-year Bachelor of Computer Applications – Single Major w.e.f. 2023-24 session

Name of the Program 4-Year Bachelor of Program Code -----


Computer Applications
Name of the Course Data and File Structures Course Code 23BCA402DS02

Hours/Week 5 (3+0+2) Credits (L:T:P) 3:0:1


Max. Marks. Theory: 75 (50+25) Time of end term 3 Hours
Practical: 25 (20+5) examination

Note: The examiner has to set nine questions in all by setting two questions from each Unit and Question No. 1
consisting of 5 parts (short-answer type questions) covering the entire syllabus. Student will be required to
attempt five questions in all by selecting one question from each Unit and Question No. 1, which is
compulsory.

Course Objectives:

The course aims to empower students with a comprehensive skill set in data and file structures, fostering both
theoretical understanding and practical application, preparing them for analyzing and applying algorithms,
design and apply efficient algorithms using data structures, understand the significance of efficient data and file
organization, develop coding proficiency in data structure applications.

Course Outcomes:

By the end of the course the students will be able to:


CO1: Understand the fundamental concepts of data structures.
CO2: Design and implement various data structures to solve computational problems.
CO3: Apply data structures for efficient storage and retrieval of information.
CO4: Develop algorithms for searching and sorting data.
CO5: Implement file handling operations in a programming environment.

Unit – I
Introduction: Elementary data organization, Data Structure definition, Data type vs. data structure, Categories
of data structures, Data structure operations, Applications of data structures.

Arrays: Introduction, Linear arrays, Representation of linear array in memory, address calculations, Traversal,
Insertions, Deletion in an array, Multidimensional arrays, Parallel arrays, Sparse arrays.

Searching: Introduction, Sequential search, Binary search, Prerequisite for binary search, Comparison in terms
of efficiency.

Unit – II
Sorting: Bubble sort, Selection sort, Insertion sort, Quick sort, Merge sort, Comparison in terms of their
efficiency.

Stack: Introduction, Array and linked representation of stacks, Operations on stacks, Applications of stacks:
Polish notation, Recursion.

Queues: Introduction, Array and linked representation of queues, Operations on queues, Deques, Priority
Queues, Applications of queues.

Unit – III
Linked List: Introduction, Representation of linked lists in memory, Traversal, Insertion, Deletion, Searching
in a linked list, Header linked list, Circular linked list, Two-way linked list, Threaded lists, Garbage collection,
Applications of linked lists.

Tree: Introduction, Definition, Representing Binary tree in memory, Traversing binary trees, Traversal
algorithms using stacks.

Graph: Introduction, Graph Theory terminology, Sequential and Linked representation of Graphs.

DCSA, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 11


Syllabi and Scheme of Examinations for 4-year Bachelor of Computer Applications – Single Major w.e.f. 2023-24 session

Unit – IV
Introduction to file structures: Concept of a file, types of files, File operations - open, read, write, close.
External storage devices, Concepts of record, file, database and database system.

File Organization: Sequential file organisation – structures and processing, Record structures and access
methods. Indexed sequential file organisation – structures and processing, Indexing techniques, B-trees and
hashing for indexed files. Direct file organisation. Hashed File Organization - Hash function implementation.

Suggested Readings:

1. Seymour Lipschutz, “Data Structure”, Tata-McGraw-Hill


2. Horowitz, Sahni & Anderson-Freed, “Fundamentals of Data Structures in C”, Orient Longman.
3. Trembley, J.P. And Sorenson P.G., “An Introduction to Data Structures With Applications”, McGraw-
Hill International Student Edition, New York.
4. Mark Allen Weiss Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis In C, Addison- Wesley, (An Imprint Of
Pearson Education), Mexico City.Prentice- Hall Of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Yedidyan Langsam, Moshe J. Augenstein, and Aaron M. Tenenbaum, “Data Structures Using C”,
Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Any other book covering the contents of the subject.

Note: Latest and additional good books may be suggested and added from time to time.

List of Programs
1. Write a C program to demonstrate basic data structure operations such as creating, inserting,
deleting, and displaying elements in an array.
2. Write a C program to insert and delete an element at a specified position in a linear array.
3. Write a C program to implement and demonstrate a sequential search on an array.
4. Write a C program to implement and demonstrate a binary search on a sorted array.
5. Write a C program to implement and demonstrate the Bubble sort algorithm.
6. Write a C program to implement and demonstrate the Selection sort algorithm.
7. Write a C program to implement and demonstrate the Insertion sort algorithm.
8. Write a C program to implement and demonstrate the Quick sort algorithm.
9. Write a C program to implement and demonstrate the Merge sort algorithm.
10. Write a C program to implement a stack using an array and perform basic stack operations: push,
pop, and display.
11. Write a C program to implement a queue using an array and perform basic queue operations:
enqueue, dequeue, and display.
12. Write a C program to implement a singly linked list and perform insertion, deletion, and traversal
operations.
13. Write a C program to implement a binary tree and perform in-order, pre-order, and post-order
traversal using recursion.
14. Write a C program to implement a binary search tree (BST) and perform insertion, deletion, and
search operations.
15. Write a C program to represent a graph using an adjacency matrix and perform a depth-first search
(DFS).
16. Write a C program to represent a graph using an adjacency list and perform a breadth-first search
(BFS).
17. Write a C program to demonstrate basic file operations: open, read, write, and close.

Any other programs assigned by the teachers.

DCSA, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 12


Syllabi and S.O.E. for Minor Course(s) for UG Programs w.e.f. 2024-25 session
Semester II
Session: 2024-25
Name of Program UG Program Code
Name of the Course Indian Economic Policy Course Code 24ECO402MI01
Hours per Week 4 Credits 4
Maximum Marks Total Theory Internal Time of 3
100 70 30 Examinations
Note:
Examiner will set nine questions and the candidates will be required to attempt five questions
in all. Question number one will be compulsory containing short answer type questions from
all units. Further, examiner will set two questions from each unit and the candidates will be
required to attempt one question from each Unit. All questions will carry equal marks.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO):
CLO 1: Students have a basic understanding of Indian economy
CLO 2:Students are aware of the current challenges faced by Indian economy
CLO 3:Students is able to Enhance knowledge about the key reforms undertaking from time of time
Unit 1:
Introduction to Indian Economy – Basic characteristics and features of Indian economy.
Economic Planning in India: Features , Objectives and Assessment of Indian Planning. (Plan
wise details to be excluded).
Unit 2:
Demographic features of Indian Economy. 1991 Economic Reforms – Liberalization,
Globalization, Privatization.
Unit 3:
Poverty and unemployment in India. Programmes for eradication of poverty and
unemployment with special reference to the post – reform era.
Unit 4:
Agriculture: Features of Indian Agriculture. Impact of Green Revolution on Indian
Agriculture. Recent Trends in Agricultural Development - Causes of Deceleration and
Future Challenges.
References:
 Brahmananda, P.R. and Panchmukhi : The Development Process of Indian Economy,
Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi. Latest Edition
 S.K.Mishra, V.K. Puri : Indian Economy : Its Development Exper5ience, Himalaya
Publishing House, New Delhi (Latest Edition)
 Economic Survey: Government of India. Latest Issue.  Economic and Political Weekly:
Various Issues  A.N. Aggarwal : Indian Economy, V.K. Publications.

Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 5


Syllabi and Scheme of Examinations for Skill Enhancement Course(s) for Under Graduate Programs (Single Major/
Multidisciplinary Programs) of Computer Science

Semester: II
Session: 2024-25
Name of the Program ----- Program Code -----

Name of the Course Web Development-II Course Code 24CSC402SE01


Hours/Week 1+0+4 Credits(L:T:P) 1:0:2
Max. Marks Theory: 25 (20+5) Time of end term 3 Hours
Practical: 50 (35+20) examination
Note: The examiner has to set nine questions in all by setting two questions from each Unit and Question No. 1
consisting of short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus. Student will be required to attempt five
questions in all by selecting one question from each Unit and Question No. 1, which is compulsory.

Course Objective:

The objective of this course is to acquire knowledge and Skills for creation of Web Sites. Also to acquire the
knowledge regarding creation of Web applications using tools and techniques used in industry and how to design a
basic web site using HTML & CSS to demonstrate responsive web design.

Course Outcomes:
By the end of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Understand the fundamental concepts of XML and its structure


CO2: Work with XML schema and Web casting techniques for Web development.
CO3. Learn the concept of Website planning.
CO4: Get acquaintance with different web technologies like AJAX, JSON.,Node.js,MongoDB etc..
CO5: Learn fundamentals and essentials of PHP programming.

Unit–I
XML: Introduction, Syntax, Document structure, Document Type definitions, Namespaces,

XML Schemas: Displaying raw XML documents, Displaying XML documents with CSS, XSLT style sheets, XML
Processors, Web services.

ECMA Script: ECMA Script versions, ES5 Features, ES6 introduction, Var Declarations and Hoisting, let
declaration, Constant declaration, function with default parameter values, default parameter expressions, unnamed
parameters, the spread operator, arrow functions, object destructuring, array destructuring, sets and maps, Array.
find(), Array,findIndex(), template strings, Javascript classes, callbacks, promises, async/await.

Unit–II
AJAX: Introduction, Need for AJAX, Working of AJAX, Handling Ajax request and response, data formats: XML,
JSON, Working with JSON data, Loading HTML with Ajax, Loading XML with Ajax, Loading JSON with Ajax.

JQuery: Introduction, A basic JQuery example, Need of JQuery, finding elements, JQuery selection, getting
element content, updating elements, changing content, inserting elements, adding new content, getting and setting
attributes, getting and setting CSS properties, using each(), events, event object, effects, animating CSS properties,
using animation, traversing the DOM, working with forms, JavaScript libraries, JQuery and Ajax.

Unit–III
Web Servers: Introduction, HTTP Transactions, Multitier Application Architecture, Client SideScripting versus
Server-Side Scripting, Accessing Web Servers.

Server Side Scripting with Node.js: Getting to know node, node.js changed JavaScript forever, features of node,
when to use and not use node, asynchronous callbacks, the NoSql movement, node and MongoDB in the wild, Hello
World in Node, package.json, modules, Built-in Modules: FS Module, HTTP Module, Events; Node Package
Manager(npm), web server using http, node.js with express, middleware, routing in express, CRUD operations in
express, web server using express, making it live on Heroku

Node.js with MongoDB: Basics of MongoDB, MongoDB CRUD Operations, Building a datamodel with

DCSA, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 6


Syllabi and Scheme of Examinations for Skill Enhancement Course(s) for Under Graduate Programs (Single Major/
Multidisciplinary Programs) of Computer Science

MongoDB and Mongoose, Defining simple mongoose schemas, build node express app with MongoDB.
Unit–IV
Introduction to PHP: Basic Knowledge of websites ; Introduction of Dynamic Website ; Introduction to PHP ;
Why and Scope of PHP ; XAMPP and WAMP Installation PHP Functions ; PHP Functions

Creating an Array ; Modifying Array Elements ; Processing Arrays with Loops ; Grouping Form Selections with
Arrays ; Using Array Functions ; Using Predefined PHP Functions ; Creating User- Defined Functions PHP
Programming Basics ; Syntax of PHP ; Embedding PHP in HTML ; Embedding HTML in PHP ; Introduction to
PHP Variable ; Understanding Data Types ; Using Operators ; Using Conditional Statements ; If(), else if() and else
if condition Statement ; Switch() Statements ; Using the while() Loop ; Using the for() Loop.

Suggested Readings:

1. Bing Liu, Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and Usage Data, Second Edition, Springer.
2. Ramesh Sharda, DursunDelen, Efraim Turban, Business Intelligence and Analytics: Systems for Decision
Support, Pearson Education.
3. Reza Zafarani, Mohammad Ali Abbasi, and Huan Liu, Social Media Mining: An Introduction, Cambridge
University Press.
4. Bing Liu, Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.
5. Nitin Indurkhya, Fred J. Damerau, Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition, CRC Press.
6. Matthew A. Russell, Mining the Social Web, Second Edition, O'Reilly Media.
7. Thomas A. Powell, Web Design: The Complete Reference, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill.
8. Deitel and Goldberg, Internet and World Wide Web: How to Program, PHI.
9. Any other book covering the contents of the subject.

Note: Latest and additional good books may be suggested and added from time to time.

List of Experiments/Programs/Lab Assignments


1. Create an XML document to store information about a collection of books, including elements for title,
author, publication year, and genre. Write a simple HTML page that uses JavaScript to load and display the
XML data.
2. Create an XML file and an XSLT stylesheet to transform the XML data into an HTML table. Use the
transformNode or XSLTProcessor methods to apply the transformation and display the result in a web
page.
3. Write an HTML page with a script that loads an XML file containing a list of employees. Parse the XML
data with JavaScript and display the employee names and departments in a list on the web page.
4. Develop a form that allows users to submit their contact information (name, email, message). Use AJAX to
send the form data to a server-side script (e.g., a PHP script) that echoes the received data. Display the
server's response on the web page.
5. Write an Ajax script to get player details from xml file when user select player name in any game. Also
create xml file to store details of player(name,country,wickets and runs)
6. Write an AJAX request to a URL that does not exist. Implement error handling to display a user-friendly
message when the request fails.
7. Write a jQuery code to select values from a JSONobject. Also Write a JQuery code to remove all CSS
classes from an Applications.
8. Create a PHP script that defines variables of different data types (string, integer, float, boolean, array).
Output the values and types of these variables using echo and var_dump.
9. Develop an HTML form to upload a file. Write a PHP script to handle the file upload, save the file on the
server, and display a message indicating the file upload status.
10. Create a MySQL database and table to store user information (name, email). Write a PHP script to connect
to the database and insert a new user record. Display a success message upon successful insertion.
11. Create a web page for Travel agency using PHP.

Any other Programs/Lab Assignments given by the teachers.

DCSA, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 7


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Semester I/ Semester II (Session 2024-25)

Course 23HNDX01AE01 Course Credits 2(L:T:P:)


Code (2:0:0)
Max. 50(External (term-end Time of end term 3 Hours
Marks exam)-35 examination
(Internal -15)

The examiner has to set a total of nine questions (two from each unit
and one compulsory question consisting of short answer from all
units.The candidate has to attempt one question each from each unit
along the compulsory question (5 X7- 35 marks)
Course Objectives%
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Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 4


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Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001 Page 5


Syllabus for Value Added Courses under NEP 2020
Name of the Program Common for all Four year Program Code -----
UG/Five Year Integrated
Programs
Name of the Course Digital and Technological Course Code 23CSAX01VA01
Solutions
Hours/Week 2 Credits 2
Max. Marks. 50 Time of end term 3 Hours
examination
Note: The examiner has to set a total of nine questions (two from each unit and one compulsory
question consisting with short answer from all the units. The candidate has to attempt one question
each from each unit alongwith the compulsory question (5 x 7 = 35 marks)
Course Objectives:
1. To gain familiarity with digital paradigms
2. To sensitize about role & significance of digital technology
3. To provide know how of communications &networks
4. To bring awareness about the e-governance and Digital India initiatives
5. To provide a flavour of emerging technologies - Cloud, Big Data, AI,ML, Blockchain, Robotics,
3D printing.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to have a knowledge regarding
1. Knowledge about digital paradigm.
2. Realization of importance of digital technology, digital financial tools, e-commerce.
3. Know-how of communication and networks.
4. Familiarity with the e-governance and Digital India initiatives
5. An understanding of use & applications of digital technology.
6. Basic knowledge of all machine learning and big data
Unit - I
Introduction & Evolution of Digital Systems: Role & Significance of Digital Technology; Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) & Tools; Computer System &its working, Software and its
types. Operating Systems: Types and Functions. Problem Solving: Algorithms and Flowcharts
Unit – II
Communication Systems: Principles, Model & Transmission Media.
Computer Networks & Internet: Concepts & Applications, WWW, Web Browsers, Search Engines,
Messaging, Email, Social Networking. Computer Based Information System: Significance & Types.
E-commerce & Digital Marketing: Basic Concepts, Benefits & Challenges
Unit – III
Emerging Technologiesand their applications:Overview of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning,
Deep Learning; Big Data, Data Science and Big Data Analytics; Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT), Robotics and 3D Printing; Blockchain Technology; Quantum Computing;
Cloud computing and its service models.
Unit – IV
Digital India & e-Governance: Initiatives, Infrastructure, Services and Empowerment.
Digital Financial Tools: Unified Payment Interface, AadharEnabled Payment System, USSD, Credit /
Debit Cards, e-Wallets, Internet Banking, NEFT/RTGS and IMPS, Online Bill Payment and POS.
Cyber Security: Threats, Significance, Challenges, Precautions, Safety Measures and Tools.
Suggested Readings:
1. P. Kumar, A. Tomar, R. Sharmila: Emerging Technologies in Computing: Theory, Practice, and
Advances, CRC/Chapman & Hall, eBook.
2. Nasib Singh Gill: Handbook of Computer Fundamentals, Khanna Book Publishing Company(P)
Limited, New Delhi.
3. Behrouz A. Forouzan:Data Communications and Networking, McGraw Hill.
4. E Balagurusamy: Fundamentals of Computers, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Buvya, Broberg, and Gosciniski: Cloud Computing- Principals and Paradigms, Wiley.
2
6. Nasib Singh Gill: Computing Fundamentals and Programming in C, Khanna Book Publishing
Company(P) Limited, New Delhi.
7. LaudonKennethC.Carol Guercio Traver: E-commerce (Business, Technology, Society),
Pearson.
8. Russel and Norving: Artificial lntelligence- A Modern Approach, Pearson Education.
9. Samuel Greengard: lnternet of Things, MIT press.
10. Peter Norton: lntroduction to Computers, Tata McGraw Hill.
11. C.S.V. Murthy: E-Commerce Concepts, Models, Strategies.
12. Dheeraj Mehrotra: Basics of Artificial lntelligence and Machine Learning, Notion press.
13. Hurwith, Nugent,Halper, Kaufman: Big Data for dummies, Wiley & Sons - Wiley.
14. David Dietrich, Barry Heller, Beibei Yang: Data Science and Big Data Analytics, EMC.

3
Name of the Department/Centre/Institute: - Biochemistry
Name of the Minor Course: Multidisciplinary
Offered in semester: 2
Name of Program Not to be filled Program Code Not be filled
Name of the Course Nutrients and Human Health Course Code 24BCHX02MD01
Hours per Week 03 Credits 03
Maximum Marks 75 {External term-end Time of 3 Hours
exam – 50}(Internal – 25) Examinations
Note: Question 1 will be compulsory and will cover the entire syllabus in the form of short
questions. Que. 2 to 9 will include two questions from each unit and the candidate will have to
attempt one question from each unit. Overall, five questions to be attempted. All questions to carry
equal marks.
Course Objectives:
1. To study the biological importance of Vitamins.
2. To impart basic knowledge about the nutritional requirements of the human body.
3. To impart basic knowledge role of minerals in health.
Course Outcomes:
1. Students will be enriched in basic concepts of vitamins.
2. Students will be enriched with the role of vitamins in human physiology.
3. Students will learnaboutthe source of energyfor human health.
UNIT I
Basic concepts: Concept of balanced diet and energy content of foods; basal metabolic rate
(BMR): determination and factors affecting BMR, specific dynamic action (SDA) and factors
affecting it; Thermogenic effects of foods; Antinutrients (Antiproteins, antivitamins, and anti-
minerals).
UNIT 2
Carbohydrates: Dietary requirements and sources of available and unavailable carbohydrates.
Proteins:Biological value of protein (B.V), protein efficiency ratio (PER), Essential amino acids,
and concept of protein quality.
Lipids:Sources, classification and functions; essential fatty acids and their physiological function.
UNIT 3
Electrolytes and pH balance: Electrolyte concentrations of body fluids, production of acids and
bases in the body; regulation of blood pH by blood buffers; respiratory and renal mechanisms of
pH regulation.
UNIT 4
Vitamins: Dietary sources, biochemical functions, and specific deficiency diseases associated with
fat and water-soluble vitamins.
Minerals: Nutritional significance of dietary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, iodine, zinc
and copper.
Suggested Readings for Nutrients and Human Health:
1. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry 2012 By MN Chatterjea and Rana Shinde, Jaypee Brothers.
2. Essentials of Food and Nutrition Vol I & II, 2010 By M. Swaminathan. Bangalore Printing and
Publishing Co. Ltd.
3. Modern Nutrition in Health and Diseases, By Maurice E Shils and Vernon Robert Young, 7th
Ed., Pub: Lea &Febiger.
4. Handbook of Nutrition and Food 2013 By Carolyn Berdanier, Johanna Dwyer and Elaine
Feldman, CRC Press.

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