BAPATLA ENGINEERING COLLEGE TOPIC: NANO ROBOTICS

Prepared by: B.LAKHSMI PARVATHI III/IV BTECH(ECE) dj.lucky999@gmail.com ph.no:9704585775 K.JHANSI RANI III/IV BTECH(ECE) Jhansirani.btech@gmail.com Ph.no:9866815202

Topics Covered 1 . Abstract 2 . Introduction 3 . Nanorobots for Medicine 4 . Motivation 5 . Developed Simulations 6 . Conclusions 7 . References

actuation for medicine applications. Thus the work describes pathways that could enable design testability, but also help scientists and profit corporations in

providing the helpful information needed to test and design integrated devises and solutions towards manufacturing

biomedical nanorobots.

1. Abstract
A new era on medicine are expected to happen in the coming years. Due to the advances in the field of nanotechnology, nanodevice growing achievements recent results manufacturing gradually. in in has been such and and

2. Introduction
The use of robots in surgery has provided additional tools for surgeons enabling minimally invasive intervention or even long Indeed distance we tele-operated may trust on surgeries. human

From

nanotechnology, biotechnology

creativeness and technical capabilities that can ever be improved in terms of technical achievements .In recent years the medicine has enabled significant wellness for the life quality and longevity of the world population . And for the coming years, we may be prepared to experiment even more benefits, as results from advances that are being pursued step by step in new fields of science, such as nano biotechnlogy, .With the expected miniaturization of devices provided by several works on nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), nanomanufacturing has actually become a reality .Hence, with the NEMS recent advances on building nanodevices, and the development of interdisciplinary works, altogether may be translated in few years

genetics, the first operating biological nanorobots are expected to appear in the coming 5 years, and more complex diamondoid based nanorobots will become available in about 10 years. In terms of time it means a very near better future with significant improvements in medicine. In this work we present a practical approach taken on developing in the nanorobots of for using medicine sense

computational techniques investigating as

nanomechatronics ancillary manufacturing tools for

design,

nanosystems integration, sensing and

through the development of integrated nanomachines, also known as nanorobots.

design

applied

to

nanomedicine.

Nanorobot applications could be focused mainly on two major areas, as follows: nanorobots for surgical interventions, as well as their utilization for patients that need constant monitoring. The nanorobots require specific controls, sensors and actuators, basically in accordance with

Figure 1. The depicted blue cones shows the sensors touching areas that triggers the nanorobots behaviors. With the use of techniques that are advancing rapidly, such as nano-

each

kind

of

biomedical

problem.

Advanced simulations can include various levels of detail, giving a trade-off between physical accuracy and the ability to control large numbers of nanorobots over relevant time scales with reasonable computational effort. Another advantage is that

transducers,and biomolecular computing, nanorobots are expected to be able to operate in a well defined set of behaviors performing pre-programmed tasks .Thus in the coming few years, nanorobots being tele-operated to perform surgery, or even nanorobots continually supervising the human body in order to assist organs that may require some kind of repair, is one of the most expected revolutionary tools for biomedical engineering problems. The development of nanorobots is an emerging field with many aspects under

simulation can be done in advance of direct experimentation. It is most efficient to develop the control technology in tandem with the fabrication technologies, so that when we are able to build these devices, we will already have a good background in how to control them. We propose computational mechatronics

approaches as suitable way to enable the fast development of nanorobots operating in a fluid environment relevant for medical applications. Unlike the case of larger robots, the dominant forces in this environment arise from viscosity of low Reynolds number fluid flow and Brownian motion and such parameters are been implemented throughout a set of different investigations.

investigation. Simulation is an essential tool for exploring alternatives in the organization, configuration, motion

planning, and control of nanomachines exploring the human body. The work we have been done concentrates its main focus on developing nanorobot control and

nanoscale parts. Through the use of different approaches such as

biotechnology, supramolecular chemistry, and scanning probes, both capabilities had been demonstrated to a limited degree as early as 1998 . Despite quantum effects which impart a relative uncertainty to electron positions, the quantum probability Figure 2. Rendering schematically the nanorobot sensors collision detection for chemical signals molecular identification We have been developing practical and innovative Nanorobot paradigms Control based Design on the function of electrons in atoms tends to drop off exponentially with distance outside the atom. Even in most liquids at their boiling points, each molecule is free to move only ~0.07 nm from its average position. Developments in the field of biomolecular computing have

(NCD)

simulator that allows fast design testability comparing various control algorithms for nanorobots and their application for

demonstrated positively the feasibility of processing logic tasks by bio-computers , a promising first step toward building future nanoprocessors with increasing

different tasks. Also such information generated by the NCD can be useful as parameters for building nanodevices, such as transducers and actuators.

complexity. There has been progress in building enable biosensors nanorobotic and nanokinetic and devices which also may be required to operations

3. Nanorobots for Medicine

locomotion. Classical objections related to the feasibility of nanotechnology, such as quantum mechanics, thermal motions and friction, have been considered and

will be the consequent result of techniques provided from human molecular structural knowledge gained in the 20th and early 21st centuries. For the feasibility of such achievements in nanomedicine, two

resolved and discussions of techniques for manufacturing nanodevices are appearing in the literature with increasing frequency.

primary capabilities for fabrication must be fulfilled: fabrication and assembly of

Visualization supercomputers

in in

part

to

harness the

picturing

nanoworld. A US$ 1 trillion market consisting of devices and systems with some kind of embedded nanotechnology is projected by 2015 .More specifically, the firm DisplaySearch predicts rapid market Figure 3. Textured vein inside view without the red cells. The tumor represented by the pink sphere is located left at the wall. All the nanorobots swim near the wall searching for the abnormal tissues. growth from US$ 84 million today to $ 1.6 billion in 2007.A first series of commercial nanoproducts has been announced as foreseeable by 2007. To reach the goal of building organic electronics, firms are forming collaborations and alliances that bring together new nanoproducts through the joint efforts of companies such as IBM, Motorola, Philips Electronics, Dow

4. Motivation
One important challenge that has become evident as a vital problem in

nanotechnology industrial applications is the automation The of atomic-scale point of

manipulation.

starting

Xerox/PARC,

Hewlett-Packard,

nanotechnology to achieve the main goal of building systems at the nanoscale is the development of control automation for molecular machine systems, which could enable the massively parallel manufacture of nanodevice building blocks. Governments all around the world are directing significant resources toward the fast development of nanotechnology. At least 30 countries have initiated activities in this field, and beyond that, with government investments to

Chemical, Bell Laboratories, and Intel Corp., among others .For such goals, new methodologies and theories to explore the nanoworld are the key technology .

5. Developed Simulations
A useful starting point for achieving the main goal of building nanoscale devices is the development of generalized automation control for molecular machine systems which could enable a manufacturing schedule for positional nanoassembly

manipulation. In our work we consider more specialized scheduling problems with a focus on nanomedicine: describing in a detailed fashion the nanorobot control designs and the surrounding virtual

nanotechnology of US$ 800 million in Japan and US$ 774 million in USA .The U.S. National Science Foundation has launched a program in Scientific

workspaces modelling that are required for the main kinematics aspects in the physically-based simulations (figure 1).

guidelines for nanorobotics. The use of multirobot teams working cooperatively to achieve a single global task applied to nanotechnology is a field of research that is very new and challenging . Research on collective robotics suggests that we should consider emulating the methods of the social insects to build decentralized and distributed systems that are capable of accomplishing tasks through the

interaction of agents with the same Figure 4. View of the NCD simulator workspace showing the cardiovascular occlusion, red blood cells and nanorobots. Here the biomolecular could be assembly automatically structures and pre-programmed actions and goals. Thus a careful decomposition of the main problem task into subtasks with action based on local sensor-based manipulation

perception could generate multi-robot coherent behaviors .Several techniques was applied for such aims, as Neural Networks algorithms ,Evolutionary

performed by smart agents, which are given a set of possible tasks for biomedical engineering problems, embedded in a complex 3D environment. Virtual Reality could be considered as a suitable technique for nanorobot design and for the use of macro- and micro-robotics concepts given certain theoretical and practical aspects that focus on its domain of application. The collective nanorobotics approach

computation ,chemical based sensors and actuators (figure 3) ,and even temperature time-gradients (figures 4 and 5) ,just to quote a few. Among other interesting nanorobot applications, we could foresee their use to process specific chemical reactions in the human body as ancillary devices for injured organs. Nanorobots equipped with nanosensors could be used to detect glucose demand in diabetes patients. Moreover, nanorobots could also be applied in chemotherapy to combat cancer through superior chemical dosage administration, and a similar approach

proposed is one possible method to perform a massively-parallel positional nanoassembly manipulation (figure 2). We constructed and demonstrated the

applicability of multi-robot teams in timely sequenced set of works with practical applications establishment that of could enable the

generalized

control

could be taken to enable nanorobots to deliver anti-HIV drugs .

manufacturing including

capabilities. of the

In

fact,

aspects

physical

environment in conjunction with graphical visualization provide a feasible approach for automation and control design.

Furthermore, the architecture that was developed intended to enable the

incorporation and evaluation of several Figure 5. The atherosclerotic lesion was reduced due nanorobots activation. The temperatures in the region turn in expected levels. control methods and distinct nanorobot shapes analyses. The automation, control, and manufacturing of nanorobots is a challenging and very new field. Realizing revolutionary applications of nanorobots to health or environmental problems raises new control challenges. The design and the development of complex nanomechatronic systems with high performance should be addressed via simulation to help pave the way for future applications of nanorobots in biomedical engineering problems.

6. Conclusion
Successful nanorobotic systems must be able to respond efficiently in real time to changing aspects of microenvironments not previously examined from a control perspective. Unlike some prior simulators for simple robots, in the present work we have developed nanorobots that are not restricted to a fixed grid nor behave as simple cellular automata with very simple environments. Also by contrast, most CAD approaches provide only animation or visualization tools, while the NCD is a physically-based simulator. The set of experiments we have carried out include the main physical properties existent in the environment where the nanorobots are being currently projected to be operating in the coming years. Hence the majority of results from our investigation should be useful as well on analysing integrated

7. References
[1] L. Adhami, E. Coste-Mariene, Positioning tele-operated surgical robots for collision free optimal operation, In Proc. of IEEE ICRA02 Intl Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Washington, DC, USA, Vol. 3, pp. 2962-2967, May 2002. [2] L. M. Adleman, On Constructing A Molecular Computers, Computer, DNA Based 1995,

http://olymp.wuwien.ac.at/usr/ai/frisch/loc al.html.

[3] G. D. Bachand and C. D. Montemagno, Constructing organic/inorganic NEMS devices powered by biomolecular motors, Biomedical 2000. Microdevices, 2:179-184,