Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Among Faculties in

Jaipur National University: A Cross-Section survey

SYNOPSIS SUBMITTED TO
JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF
MEDICAL SCIENCES & RESEARCH CENTER
(JNUIMSRC), JAIPUR
In the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Physiotherapy
Under the

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
SCHOOL OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
2021-2025

SUBMITTED BY: GUIDED BY: CO-GUIDED BY:

FARHAN KHAN Prof. (Dr.) Atul Singh DR. Arushi Saxena

th
BPT 4 Year Head of the Department Assistant Professor
Department of Physiotherapy Department of Physiotherapy Department of Physiotherapy
Jaipur National University Jaipur National University Jaipur National University
Jaipur Jaipur Jaipur

SIGNATURE OF STUDENT SIGNATURE OF GUIDE SIGNATURE OF CO GUIDE

1
S. No. CONTENT PAGE NO.
1. Introduction 3-4
2. Aims & Objective of Study 5
3. Research Problem of The Study 6

4. Identification of Research Gap 6

5. Review of Literature 7-13
6. Framework of Research Project
7. Material & Methods
8. Procedure
9. Data Collection
10. Statical Tool Analysis
11. Ethical Clearance
12. Proposed Budget
13. Innovation In Research Project
14. Relevance of Proposed Research Project
15. Bibliography
16. Annexure-I: Assessment Form
17. Annexure-II: Consent Form
18. Annexure-III: Data Collection Form
19. Annexure-IV

2
INTRODUCTION
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are regarded as one of
the most widespread and expensive occupational health issues in both
developing and industrialized nations.(1) Musculoskeletal pain is an
inflammatory and degenerative disorder that impacts the neuro-
musculoskeletal components of the body, mostly manifesting as pain in the
muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.(2) They grow over time and present
as musculoskeletal aching, pain, or discomfort, with subsequent functional
impairment. The most prevalent anatomical locations impacted by
musculoskeletal disorders are the lumbar region, cervical region, shoulder,
forearm, and hand.(3)

MSDs are classified based on the site of the discomfort. Any injury or
condition affecting the fingers, shoulders, or neck falls under the area of upper
limb illnesses. Lower limb diseases, which involve injuries and conditions
affecting the hips to the toes, are another type of musculoskeletal pain disorder.
Probably the most frequent MSD is back pain.(4)

While employment is crucial for earning money, it may also be a health risk if
not done properly. Workers with certain occupational characteristics are more
likely to have work-related musculoskeletal pain. Among these groups,
teachers are particularly notable. With prevalence rates ranging from 40% to
95%, school teachers appear to be an occupational group with a high incidence
of MSDs.(4)

Teaching professions, such as university faculty, have been identified as

having a particularly high risk of developing WMSD due to the extended static
positions, repetitive movements, and emotional stress that come with their
employment. These variables contribute to muscle tension and discomfort.(5)

Teachers play a vital role in the effective functioning of the educational system
and for the improvement of the quality of learning processes. Nonetheless,
MSDs have become a health issue caused by either the job itself or the
educational environment.(6) The word “ergonomics” comes from the Greek
3
word ergo, which means “to work”, and nomos, which encompasses natural
laws or systems. Therefore, ergonomics is a discipline that examines how
people relate to their workplace, i.e., how to modify equipment and general
conditions to be as efficient as possible for each individual.(7) University
faculty members are deserving of consideration, and research on this
population is crucial to understanding the patterns in different MSDs.(3)

The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, or NMQ, is the standardized

tool widely applied in the assessment of musculoskeletal health among
diverse groups of workers. Developed by kuorinka et al.in 1987, the
questionnaire consist of structured, forced, binary or multiple choice
variants. There are two type of questionnaire: a general questionnaire and
specific ones focusing on low back and neck/shoulders. the purpose of the
general questionnaire is simple surveying.(8)

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of WMSD in

Jaipur national university faculties. The study aimed to answer the questions:
What is the prevalence of MSD among Jaipur national university faculties?

4
AIM & OBJECTIVE

The aim of the research was to assess the burden of musculoskeletal pain and
associated factors among Jaipur national university faculties.

5
RESEARCH PROBLEM OF THE STUDY

Long working hours in stagnant or postures and high levels of psychological stress are
major contributors to WRMSDs among university faculties. These disorders can affect
productivity and quality in teaching and one's well-being. However, it is amazing that little
is known about the prevalence of these disorders and their contributing factors. However,
tailored ergonomic intervention can reduce chronic pain and functional limitations or on
the other hand, cause increased strain on healthcare and impair occupational performance.
This gives rise to the need for measuring the burden quantitatively and delineating the
preventive measures.

IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH GAP

Musculoskeletal disorders related to work (WRMSD) are a severe challenge to

occupational health and have consequently attracted several studies in India, including
some significant professional groups- school teachers, healthcare workers, and industrial
employees. There is also extensive research on WRMSDs among faculties of Indian
universities in other regions. However, there are no findings from similar studies
specifically for university faculties in Jaipur. Some limitations currently facing faculty
members in universities with respect to the types of work hazards they face include static
postures, monotonous performance of tasks, and limited ergonomic practices. These differ
from most populations studied thus far. This, therefore, raises a necessity for specific
localized research on what the specific prevalence, associated factors, and preventive
actions could be for faculties in Jaipur universities.

6
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

S/N Aim of study Solution Found Conclusion Scope of future

drawn study
1 Sirajudeen et al. The authors found that the The most common The findings of this
[2018](3) study found that 55% of WMSD was neck study emphasize
the faculty members had complaint. The the essentiality of
Aimed of this study were to
WMSDs in anybody results of this study Ergonomic
determine the prevalence
region. The most highlight how Training for the
and factors associated with
common WMSD was in important ergonomic faculty members to
WMSDs among the
the neck (53.5%), which training is for raising improve the
College of Applied
was followed by the faculty members' awareness about
Medical Sciences (CAMS)
lower back (43.3%) and knowledge of musculoskeletal
faculty members of
the hand areas (31.6%). musculoskeletal disorders.
Majmaah University, Saudi
problems.
Arabia

2 Meaza et al. [2020](2) The authors found that In brief, the academic The Future research
Aimed of study were to 29% of people had staff at Mekelle could follow the
determine the research was discomfort in the recent University Ethiopia trajectory of

to assess the burden of seven days, compared to has a modest WRMSD

musculoskeletal pain and 65.2% in the previous 12 prevalence of MSP, conditions over

associated factors among months. The most with neck pain being time-how such

Mekelle University common pain was in the the most common factors as changes
academic staff. neck (41.5%), followed and low back pain in workloads,
by low back discomfort coming in second. ergonomic
(40.3%). Body mass Academicians who interventions, and
index ⩾25 (OR = 3.68, are female, individual
95% CI: 1.15-11.39), overweight or obese, behaviours
working hours per day work longer than five regarding health
(OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.54- hours a day, and are influence both the
6.38), female gender (OR physically inactive severity and
= 3.02, 95% CI: 1.58- are more likely to prevalence of such
5.76), have MSP. conditions.

7
 Zohair et al. According to the study, Conclusions indicate Further studies may
3 [2024](5) work-related that, given their age look into using
musculoskeletal and gender, teachers' different university
disorders (WMSD) workloads should be faculty members,
To estimate the
were highly prevalent reduced and physical regions, or
prevalence of work-
among UAE activity encouraged. academic
related musculoskeletal
schoolteachers (71.4%), To improve the disciplines to
disorders and their
with neck discomfort general well-being compare WRMSD
association with physical
accounting for the of educators in the prevalence and
activity among
majority of cases United Arab examine possible
schoolteachers in the
(74.3%). Three main Emirates, it is also contextual
United Arab Emirates.
risk factors were necessary to increase differences and
inadequate physical understanding of similarities with the
activity, age, and ergonomics and the group.
workload. The results significance of
of Pearson's Correlation taking brief pauses
test showed a weak for physical activity
positive correlation (r: or stretching.
0.14), but a statistically
significant relationship
(p value = 0.04),
between WMSD and
PA. This suggests that
while PA was a
contributing factor,
other factors also
affected the prevalence
of WMSD in this
cohort. The data was
normally distributed.

4 AlMaghlouth et al. The most common Teachers had a Additional research

[2022](9) WMSD symptoms 41.1% frequency of is required to better
among the participants WMSDs. understand aspects
in the previous 12 It was said that the including gender
The aim of this study
months were back, pain was disparities in
was to determine the
shoulder, and knee incapacitating and WMSD prevalence
prevalence, patterns,
pain; elbow pain was had a bad effect on and severity as well
implications, and risk
the least common, performance. as the larger-scale
factors of WMSDs
affecting 41.1% of Additionally, pain risk factor of
among teachers in the
them. A correlation lasting longer than WMSDs'
Eastern Province of
between moderate to 12 months was correlation with
Saudi Arabia.
severe pain and pain linked to severe years of teaching
lasting longer than 12 pain, which also experience.
months was found by affected sleep,
the regression analysis caused anxiety, and
(p=0.001). resulted in mild
melancholy.
Teachers' everyday
tasks were
significantly
impacted by the

8
 effects of severe
discomfort.

5 Abdul Rahim et al. The results of this According to the To further

[2022](10) analysis strongly review, faculty who understand MSD
demonstrate that faculty are at risk should among regular and
members, both normal receive functional special education
this review aims to
and special education, training, teachers, more
analyze the literature and
are susceptible to MSD. psychological study is required,
report on the prevalence
Teachers frequently counselling, particularly
of MSD and possible
suffer from MSD, thorough ergonomic longitudinal
associated risk factors
which mostly affects training, and research that
among regular and
the wrist, neck, lower ergonomically focuses on
special education
back, and shoulder. constructed ergonomic
teachers.
workspaces. variables and
multifaceted
treatment options.
This would be a big
step in keeping
teachers from
developing MSD.

6 Aldhafian et al. Faculty members In the faculty, about Future research

[2021](11) experienced two-thirds with bigger sample
musculoskeletal pain at experience sizes and impartial
a rate of 77.8%. With a musculoskeletal evaluations is
aimed to establish the
prevalence of 38.9%, pain. Among faculty required to validate
local prevalence of
the two most prevalent members, low back the risk factors in
musculoskeletal pain
locations of pain is particularly addition to skeletal
among faculty members
musculoskeletal prevalent. muscle pain
in Saudi Arabia and
discomfort among the Musculoskeletal pain prevention
describe the patient’s risk
three were the shoulder, is far more likely to strategies among
factors and preventive
neck, and low back. develop in older Saudi Arabian
measures that may
Only the age group had adults, with several faculty members.
reduce its burden.
a significant connection sites of involvement.
(P =.024) with the
location of
musculoskeletal pain in
terms of risk variables.

7 Althomali et al. MSDs had an overall We observed that Further research

[2021](6) prevalence of 87.3%. teachers had a high investigating n
Compared to their male prevalence of MSDs, gender-specific
counterparts (81.4%), indicating a professional,
The aim of this study
female instructors significant lack of psychological, and
was to investigate the
(95.3%) experienced ergonomic personal risk
prevalence of and risk
greater hardship. awareness and variables can
factors for MSDs among
The lower back was the calling for the benefit from our
secondary schoolteachers
most often reported creation of findings.
in Hail, Saudi Arabia.
place (62.55%), educational Additionally,
followed by the knees initiatives and research on the
9
 (41.04%) and shoulders preventative financial effects of
(53.39%). measures to lessen MSDs and practical
the burden of MSDs methods for
on susceptible instructors to avoid
professions in MSDs could be a
general and teachers useful addition to
in particular. the body of
knowledge in the
scientific
community.

8 Vaghela and Parekh According to study, the we deduced from the Future research can
[2017](4) overall prevalence of current study that a be conducted to
MSDs among faculty is high prevalence of identify risk factors
74.47%. In that case, musculoskeletal in educators. We
The aim of this study is
women were more discomfort in the can also determine
to find out the prevalence
impacted (74.47%) than back, knee, and how well school
of the MSDs among
men (25.53%). 29.97% shoulder had been teachers use
school teachers.
of people had upper reported by the ergonomics. to
back discomfort, while teachers. As a result, determine the
49.92% had lower back those who work as impact of
pain. Upper limb pain school teachers are organizing
was present in 20.06% more likely to suffer ergonomic
of cases, with shoulder from MSDs. workshops and
pain accounting for exercise sessions to
33.12%, elbow pain for teach people how
4.3%, and wrist/hand to prevent or
pain for 15.75 percent. reduce MSDs.

9 Fahmy et al. The authors found that Teachers in Cairo, The research
[2022](1) Teachers' self-reported Egypt, suffered by findings
prevalence of WRMSDs, which emphasized the
WRMSDs at any body had a detrimental necessity of
This study aimed to
part during the previous effect on their creating
determine the
12 months was 66.77%. physical and educational
prevalence, the risk
The most common emotional well- initiatives,
factors, and the impact of
WRMSD was neck pain being. organizing,
WRMSDs on the QOL of
(56.1%), which was creating, and
teachers
followed by shoulder putting into
(53.2%), low back practice efficient
(53.2%), and knee preventive and
(50.6%) discomfort. therapeutic
measures, as well
as adhering to
ergonomic
guidelines to lessen
the strain on
teachers'

10
 musculoskeletal
systems, the
incidence and
progression of
WRMSDs in them,
and their
disadvantages.

10 Tembo et al. The authors found that The UZFMHS had a Future research
[2023](12) Work-related significant need to assess BMI
musculoskeletal prevalence of and examine how it
diseases were most WMSD among its relates to the
The aim of the study was
prevalent in the lower non-academic staff. frequency of
to determine the
back (n = 72, 72% and The most common WMSDs in
prevalence of work-
n = 75, 75%) and complaints were employees. All
related musculoskeletal
wrists/hands (n = 60, lower back pain and additional worker
disorders and associated
60% and n = 69, 69%) hand and wrist types in different
factors among non-
at three and twelve discomfort. Reports work environments
academic workers at the
months, respectively. of pain and that have not been
University of Zimbabwe
discomfort in covered in this
Faculty of Medicine and
particular body parts study should also
Health Sciences.
were significantly be included in it.
correlated with This will improve
sociodemographic occupational
characteristics such therapists' and
age, gender, work physiotherapists'
experience, comprehension of
educational WMSDs, which
attainment, and will support their
worker category. professional
judgment in job
rehabilitation and
ergonomic
therapies for
employees in
different groups.

11
11 Abu-Taleb and The authors discovered WMSDs are found in Future research is
Rehan yousses a 99.5% frequency of 99.5% of PTs in recommended to
WMSDs. The lower Egypt. The lower address these issues
[2021](13)
back (69.1%), neck back, neck, shoulder, and take into
(65.7%), shoulder wrists/hands, and account prospective
This study aimed at
(47.7%), wrist/hand upper back were the cohort studies that
estimating the prevalence
(39.1%), and upper five anatomical areas assess the incidence
of WMSDs among
back (37.0%) were the most impacted. The of WMSDs in
Egyptian PTs as well as
five most suffering two most prevalent Egyptian PTs using
potential risk factors and
anatomical areas. With risk factors were a stratified
therapists’ coping
the exception of upper treating obese representative
strategies.
back injuries (p > 0.05), patients and working sample. More
female therapists had a in incorrect postures. qualitative research
greater injury methods should be
prevalence overall than used in future
male therapists studies to better
(Cramer's V < 0.5, p ≤ understand the
0.05). psychological and
socioeconomic
components of
WMSDs.

12 Ibrahim and Gaafar Over the previous year, The prevalence of Larger-scale study
[2024](14) 74.7% of people had musculoskeletal is needed to
musculoskeletal issues among determine the
symptoms connected to administrative staff prevalence and
This study aims to
their jobs in at least one was very high. The possible causes of
determine the frequency
anatomical area. The incidence of WMSDs musculoskeletal
of musculoskeletal
most common problem was significantly symptoms among
complaints and their risk
areas were the shoulder predicted by being administrative staff.
factors among
(36.3%), lower back female and not taking
administrative employees
(40.7%), and neck enough rest periods.
of Suez Canal University
(47.1%). The incidence To lower WMSDs,
and to examine the

12
 association between of WMSDs was ergonomic
musculoskeletal significantly predicted adjustments and
complaints and work by logistic regression to better working
productivity in terms of be older (OR = 1.039, p circumstances are
absenteeism and = 0.023), female (OR = advised.
presenteeism 2.175, p = 0.011), and
lacking sufficient rest
periods (OR = 1.979, p
= 0.019).

13 Meisha et al WMSD was reported Musculoskeletal It is advised that

[2019](15) to be 70% prevalent. disorders and poor further research be

The neck (84.6%) and ergonomic done using physical
low back (85%) were procedures were exams and
This study aims
the most frequently prevalent. As a evaluations as
prevalence of self-
reported sites of preventative step for opposed to self-
reported work-related
WMSD discomfort. longer and better reporting.
musculoskeletal disorders
The risk of WMSD work lifetimes,
(WMSD) and to identify
was higher for female ergonomics training
associated ergonomic
dentists and dentists intervention
practice among dentists
who did not exercise programs are
practicing in Jeddah
frequently. Nine recommended for
City, Saudi Arabia.
percent of people had dentists.
CTS, and the risk rose
with age and private
sector employment.

13
METERIAL & METHODS

 SAMPLING
 SOURCE OF SUBJECTS -: Jaipur National University Faculties

 METHOD OF SAMPLING -: Convenient Sampling

 SAMPLE SIZE- 200

 RESEARCH DESIGN -:
A Cross-sectional study

 INCLUSION CRITERIA -:
1. Age more than 25-45 years old
2. At least 1 year of experience in similar settings

 EXCLUSION CRITERIA -:
1. Recent fractures or Surgeries, Any trauma
2. Pregnancy
3. hypertension, diabetes

 TOOL USED -:
THE NORDIC MUSCULOSKELETAL QUESTIONNAIRE

14
PROCEDURE

After confiscating clearance from the departmental research committee and the institutional
ethical committee.

A Survey is to be conducted [online and offline] to gather the data collection

15
 PROCEDURE

Permission will be taken from the Department Research Committee (DRC) &
Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC), JNUIMSRC prior to commencement of the
study

The Participants will be invited to participate in the study

Informed consent will be procured from subject and procedure will be explained
prior commencement of the study

Based upon the inclusion criteria and Exclusion criteria the subjects will assign to
the study

Data will be collected using Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire via using online
as well as offline Platform

Statistical Analysis by Input data into software (e.g., SPSS/Excel).

Data will be collected and recorded data will be analyzed.

Results will be analyzed & discussed.

16
DATA COLLECTION

Data related to variables of all Subjects i.e. baseline will be collected before the study

DATA ANALYSIS

Collected data will be analysed by applying appropriate statistical tool & discussed.

ETHICAL CLEARANCE

Each Subjects will be informed about the study and their consent is taken before the
participation in the Study. Ethical Clearance will be taken from the Institutional
ethical Committee (IEC) before commencement of study.

17
INNOVATION IN RESEARCH PROJECT

 This research uniquely assesses WRMSDs among faculty members of Jaipur

National University which has somewhat been neglected.
 The validated Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire is used in the research to
create confirmed and standard data on WRMSD prevalence and its determinants.
 By comparing WRMSDs with particular occupational and demographic profile
factors-the study will help in advanced ergonomic intervention planning and
making alterations in the workplace.

RELEVANCE OF PROPOSED RESEARCH PROJECT

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) are the most prominent causes of

occupational disability and a public health issue in many countries. Indeed, WRMSDs have
a heavy impact on occupations that require prolonged static postures and repetitive tasks.
University faculties, as a profession, tend to have high chances of such encounter with these
disorders since they include long hours of lecturing, administrative duties, and research
hours. Although WRMSDs were examined in India among a number of other professional
groups, the area of research among university faculties of Jaipur remains almost untouched.
This high prevalence of the disorder and related factors should contribute to building some
paramount interest in the population towards targeted ergonomic interventions and
workplace policies that improve the health and well-being of educators. It will further be
relevant in terms of enhancing efficiency, productivity, and quality of life in individual
faculties, in addition to improving the environment of the educational system. However,
the research will act as a localized population with actionable recommendations to impact
institutional health policies and ergonomic practices resulting in the long-term
enhancement of occupational health.

18
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Fahmy VF, Momen MAMT, Mostafa NS, Elawady MY. Prevalence,

risk factors and quality of life impact of work-related musculoskeletal
disorders among school teachers in Cairo, Egypt. BMC Public Health.
2022 Dec 3;22(1):2257.

2. Meaza H, Temesgen MH, Redae G, Hailemariam TT, Alamer A.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain Among Academic Staff of Mekelle
University, Ethiopia. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord.
2020 Jan;13:117954412097467.

3. Sirajudeen MS, Alaidarous M, Waly M, Alqahtani M. Work-related

musculoskeletal disorders among faculty members of college of Applied
Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional
study. Int J Health Sci. 2018;12(4):18–25.

4. Vaghela N, Parekh S. Prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorder among

school teachers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2017;1.

5. Zohair HMA, Girish S, Hazari A. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders

among United Arab Emirates schoolteachers: an examination of physical
activity. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024 Feb 12;25(1):134.

6. Althomali OW, Amin J, Alghamdi W, Shaik DH. Prevalence and Factors

Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Secondary
Schoolteachers in Hail, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J
Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 20;18(12):6632.

7. Mahmutovic E, Bisevac E, Dolicanin Z. Work-Related Musculoskeletal

Disorders of Teaching Staff in Higher Education. Exp Appl Biomed Res
EABR. 2023 Mar 1;24(1):63–8.

8. Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-Sørensen F,

Andersson G, et al. Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of
musculoskeletal symptoms. Appl Ergon. 1987 Sep;18(3):233–7.

19
9. AlMaghlouth MK, Alserhani NM, Aldossary FA, Alabdulqader MA, Al-
Dhafer BA. Prevalence, Patterns, and Risk Factors of Work-Related
Musculoskeletal Diseases Among Teachers in the Eastern Province, Saudi
Arabia: A Community-Based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Survey.
Cureus [Internet]. 2022 Dec 4 [cited 2024 Nov 15]; Available from:
https://www.cureus.com/articles/120746-prevalence-patterns-and-risk-
factors-of-work-related-musculoskeletal-diseases-among-teachers-in-the-
eastern-province-saudi-arabia-a-community-based-retrospective-cross-
sectional-survey

10. Abdul Rahim AA, Jeffree MS, Ag Daud DM, Pang N, Sazali MF.
Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Regular and
Special Education Teachers: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public
Health. 2022 Sep 16;19(18):11704.

11. Aldhafian OR, Alsamari FA, Alshahrani NA, Alajmi MN, Alotaibi
AM, Nwihadh NB, et al. Musculoskeletal pain among male faculty
members of the College of Medicine and College of Dentistry. Medicine
(Baltimore). 2021 May 28;100(21):e26176.

12. Tembo LN, Munyikwa JP, Musoro C, Majonga G, Mavindidze E.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated
factors among University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences non-academic workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC
Musculoskelet Disord. 2023 Oct 6;24(1):792.

13. Abu-Taleb W, Rehan Youssef A. Work-related musculoskeletal

disorders among Egyptian physical therapists. Bull Fac Phys Ther. 2021
Dec;26(1):7.

14. Ibrahim BA, Gaafar SEM. Work-related musculoskeletal complaints:

risk factors and impact on work productivity among university
administrative employees. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2024 May
15;99(1):10.

15. Meisha DE, Alsharqawi NS, Samarah AA, Al-Ghamdi MY. Prevalence
of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic practice among
dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2019
Jul;Volume 11:171–9.

20
 ANNEXURE - 1

Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ)(8) - Survey Form

Section 1: Demographic Information

1. Age: __________

2. Gender: ☐ Male ☐ Female ☐ Other

3. Years of Work Experience:

☐ 1–5 years

☐ 6–10 years

☐ 11–15 years

☐ 16+ years

Section 2: Musculoskeletal Symptoms (Last 12 Months)

Have you experienced any pain or discomfort in the following areas in the
last 12 months?

Pain
Sought
Body Prevented
Pain/Discomfort Medical
Region Normal
Attention
Activities
☐ Yes ☐
Neck ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No
☐ Yes ☐
Shoulders ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No
☐ Yes ☐
Upper Back ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No
☐ Yes ☐
Lower Back ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No
☐ Yes ☐
Elbows ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No
☐ Yes ☐
Wrists/Hands ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No

21
 Pain
Sought
Body Prevented
Pain/Discomfort Medical
Region Normal
Attention
Activities
☐ Yes ☐
Hips/Thighs ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No
☐ Yes ☐
Knees ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No
☐ Yes ☐
Ankles/Feet ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
No

Section 3: Musculoskeletal Symptoms (Last 7 Days)

Have you experienced any pain or discomfort in the following areas in the
last 7 days?

Severity
Body Region Pain/Discomfort
(Mild/Moderate/Severe)
Neck ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe
Shoulders ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe
Upper Back ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe
Lower Back ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe
Elbows ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe
Wrists/Hands ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe
Hips/Thighs ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe
Knees ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe
Ankles/Feet ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Mild ☐ Moderate ☐ Severe

Section 4: Work-Related Factors

1. Do you frequently perform repetitive tasks?

o ☐ Yes ☐ No
2. Do you sit for extended periods without breaks?
o ☐ Yes ☐ No
3. Do you stand for prolonged periods?
o ☐ Yes ☐ No
4. Do you use a computer for more than 4 hours daily?
o ☐ Yes ☐ No
5. Have you received ergonomic training for your workstation?
o ☐ Yes ☐ No

22
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 ANNEXURE-2

1. NAME AND DESIGNATION OF GUIDE

PROF. [DR.] ATUL KUMAR SINGH
Assistant Director & HoD
Department of Physiotherapy
Jaipur National University
Jaipur
REMARKS:

SIGNATURE:
2. NAME AND DESIGNATION OF CO -GUIDE
DR. ARUSHI SAXENA
Assistant Professor
Department of Physiotherapy
Jaipur National University
Jaipur
REMARKS:

SIGNATURE:
3. NAME AND DESIGNATION OF ACADEMIC CORDINATOR
DR. DEEPAK SHARMA
Assistant Professor
Department of Physiotherapy
Jaipur National University
Jaipur
REMARKS:

SIGNATURE:

24
NAME AND DESIGNATION OF DIRECTOR/ HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
PROF. (DR.) ATUL KUMAR SINGH
Assistant Director & HoD
Department of Physiotherapy
Jaipur National University
Jaipur
REMARKS:

SIGNATURE:

25