Solarium Green Energy

Training Module for C&I department

1. Introduction to the C&I Solar Market
What is Solar Energy?

Solar energy is the energy emitted by the sun in the form of light and heat. This energy can be
harnessed and converted into usable electricity or thermal power for various applications, making
it a key renewable energy source for the planet. As a renewable energy source, solar energy is
virtually limitless and clean, meaning it produces no harmful emissions or pollutants when
generating power.

Solar Energy and the Sun

The sun, a massive nuclear fusion reactor, constantly releases vast amounts of energy through
nuclear reactions in its core. Every second, the sun produces about 3.8 x 10^26 watts of energy, a
fraction of which reaches Earth. Solar energy travels to Earth in the form of electromagnetic
radiation (light). Even though only a small portion of the sun’s energy reaches the Earth's surface,
it is more than enough to meet the energy demands of all human activities many times over.

In fact:
- The sun delivers about 173,000 terawatts (TW) of solar energy to the Earth at any given time.
- The total energy humans consume globally in a year is approximately 20 TW.

Harnessing solar energy involves capturing sunlight and converting it into usable forms of energy,
such as electricity or heat, through different technologies like photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar
thermal systems.

How Solar Energy Works: A Detailed Explanation

Solar energy is the process of converting sunlight into usable energy. Here's a more in-depth
breakdown of how this conversion happens:

1. Capturing Sunlight
The sun emits energy in the form of light, known as photons. Every day, the Earth receives an
enormous amount of this energy. Solar energy systems are designed to capture these photons and
convert them into usable energy. Solar panels are the most common devices used for capturing
this sunlight.

2. The Photovoltaic Effect: Converting Light into Electricity

Solar panels are made of many solar cells, usually composed of semiconductor materials like
silicon. The process of converting sunlight into electricity in these cells is called the photovoltaic
(PV) effect. Here’s how it works in detail:
- Absorbing Sunlight: When sunlight hits the solar cells, the photons from the light are absorbed
by the semiconductor material. This added energy excites the electrons within the atoms of the
semiconductor.

- Electron Movement: The semiconductor material in solar cells has been specially treated to create
an electric field with a positive and a negative side. When the excited electrons absorb enough
energy from sunlight, they break free from their atoms. Because of the electric field, the electrons
start moving toward the negative side of the cell.

- Creating an Electric Current: The movement of these free electrons creates a flow of direct current
(DC) electricity, as they move in one direction through the material.

3. Converting DC to AC Power
The electricity produced by solar panels is direct current (DC), where the electric charge flows in
a single direction. However, most homes, businesses, and the grid use alternating current (AC)
electricity, where the direction of the current changes periodically.

To make the electricity usable:

- Inverters are installed alongside the solar panels to convert DC electricity into AC electricity,
which can power household appliances, industrial machines, and other electrical equipment.

4. Using Solar Electricity

Once the DC electricity is converted into AC, it becomes usable in several ways:

- Immediate Use: The generated electricity can power anything in the home or business that uses
electricity, like lights, appliances, heating and cooling systems, and machinery.

- Energy Storage (Optional): If the solar system generates more electricity than is needed at the
moment, the excess electricity can be stored in batteries. These batteries store energy during the
day (when sunlight is available) and provide power at night or during cloudy weather when solar
generation is low.
- Sending Electricity to the Grid: In grid-connected systems, any excess electricity can be sent
back into the electric grid. Many regions have net metering programs where the energy you send
to the grid earns you credits, reducing your future electricity bills.

5. Managing Energy Supply

Since solar panels generate electricity only when the sun is shining, systems need to ensure a
continuous supply of energy even when sunlight is not available.

- During the Day: Solar panels generate electricity when exposed to sunlight. If the electricity
demand is low and not all the generated electricity is used, the excess is either stored in batteries
or sent to the grid.

- At Night or Cloudy Days: When sunlight is not available, the electricity demand can be met by:
- Drawing power from batteries (if the system has energy storage).
- Pulling electricity from the grid (for grid-connected systems).

2. Key Factors Influencing Solar Energy Efficiency

1. Amount of Sunlight:
The efficiency of solar panels depends on the amount of sunlight they receive. More sunlight
means more energy can be produced. Factors affecting sunlight availability include:
- Geographical location: Areas near the equator receive more sunlight throughout the year than
places farther from the equator.
- Time of day and season: Solar energy production is highest in the middle of the day and in
summer when the sun is higher in the sky.
- Weather conditions: Clear skies allow more sunlight to reach the panels, while cloudy or rainy
conditions reduce the amount of sunlight available.

2. Orientation and Tilt of Solar Panels:

- Optimal Positioning: Solar panels need to be oriented to face the sun as directly as possible to
capture the maximum amount of sunlight.
 Tilt Angle: The panels should be angled according to the latitude of the installation site to
maximize sun exposure. In some systems, the tilt angle can be adjusted to account for seasonal
changes in the sun’s position.

3. Shading:
Solar panels should be placed in locations where they are not shaded by trees, buildings, or other
objects, as shade can significantly reduce their efficiency.

4. Temperature:
While solar panels need sunlight to produce electricity, they perform better at cooler
temperatures. Excessive heat can reduce their efficiency.

3. Energy Storage and Backup

Since solar panels do not produce electricity at night, an energy storage system (usually batteries)
can store excess electricity produced during the day for use later. If a home or business is not using
stored power, it might rely on the grid to supply power when solar energy is not available.

Solar Systems Connected to the Grid

In most cases, solar energy systems are connected to the grid, meaning that they work alongside
the conventional electricity network. Here's how this setup works:

- Net Metering: If a solar system produces more electricity than is consumed, the excess electricity
is sent to the grid. The homeowner or business owner can get credits from the utility company,
which offsets future electricity bills. This is known as net metering.

- Grid Backup: When the solar system does not produce enough electricity (e.g., at night), power
can be drawn from the grid, ensuring a continuous energy supply.

4. Importance of Solar Energy

1. Renewable and Sustainable

Solar energy is an inexhaustible resource, making it one of the most reliable renewable energy
sources. The sun will continue to produce energy for billions of years, providing a sustainable
alternative to finite fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) that are not renewable and contribute to
environmental degradation.

2. Environmentally Friendly
Once installed, solar energy systems produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike fossil
fuels, which emit carbon dioxide (CO2) and other harmful pollutants, solar power generation is
clean, helping to mitigate climate change by reducing the reliance on fossil fuels.

3. Reduction of Energy Costs

Installing solar energy systems can significantly reduce energy costs for individuals, businesses,
and governments. Once installed, solar panels can generate electricity for decades with minimal
maintenance, allowing users to save on electricity bills and sometimes even sell excess electricity
back to the grid through programs like net metering.

4. Energy Independence
Solar energy allows for decentralized power generation, giving homeowners and businesses the
ability to produce their electricity. This reduces dependence on external energy suppliers and
makes energy systems more resilient, especially in regions prone to grid outages or instability.

5. Versatility and Scalability

Solar energy systems are highly versatile and can be installed in a variety of settings, including:
- Residential rooftops (small-scale PV systems for individual homes).
- Commercial and industrial rooftops (for businesses and factories).
- Solar farms (large-scale PV systems or CSP plants supplying electricity to the grid).

Solar systems can be designed to meet the needs of small households, large corporations, or even
utility companies.

5. Challenges and Limitations of Solar Energy

Despite the many benefits of solar energy, there are some challenges and limitations to its
widespread adoption:

1. Intermittency and Variability

Solar energy is dependent on sunlight availability, which means that electricity generation varies
throughout the day and across seasons. Solar panels don’t generate electricity at night and their
output is reduced on cloudy days. This intermittency requires additional energy storage systems
(such as batteries) or backup power from the grid to ensure a continuous energy supply.

2. Initial Costs
While the costs of solar panels and installations have decreased significantly over the past decade,
the initial investment required for installing a solar system can still be a barrier for some individuals
and businesses. However, government incentives, subsidies, and falling solar technology prices
are making solar energy more affordable.

3. Space Requirements
Solar panels require a certain amount of space to generate significant amounts of electricity. For
large-scale solar farms, this can mean significant land use, particularly in urban or densely
populated areas where space is limited. Rooftop solar, carports, or integrating solar panels into
building designs can help mitigate this issue.

4. Energy Storage
To overcome the variability of solar energy (e.g., no sunlight at night), battery storage systems can
be paired with solar installations to store excess energy produced during the day. While battery
technology is improving, it remains relatively expensive, which can increase the overall cost of
solar energy systems.

6. Importance of solar in the commercial and industrial sectors

1. Cost Savings and Reduced Energy Bills

One of the most significant advantages of solar energy for commercial and industrial enterprises
is the reduction in energy costs:
 Energy Costs Reduction: Businesses often face high energy bills due to large-scale power
consumption. Solar energy helps reduce these expenses by generating electricity from sunlight,
lowering the need for grid power.
Long-Term Savings: Although there is an initial investment in setting up a solar energy system,
the savings in energy bills over time provide a high return on investment (ROI). Solar panels
typically last 25-30 years, during which companies can enjoy years of free or low-cost electricity.
Protection from Price Volatility: Solar energy systems help shield businesses from future
increases in electricity costs, providing long-term financial predictability by locking in lower
energy costs.

2. Energy Independence and Reliability

Solar energy allows businesses to generate their power, reducing dependence on traditional energy
suppliers:
- Energy Security: By installing solar panels, businesses can produce electricity on-site, making
them less reliant on external power sources. This independence is crucial for operations located in
remote areas or regions with unreliable grid infrastructure.
- Backup Power with Energy Storage: By integrating solar energy systems with battery storage,
companies can ensure a steady power supply even during grid outages or energy shortages. This
enhances operational resilience and prevents production losses.

3. Environmental Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility

In today’s business environment, sustainability is a growing priority for many companies:
- Reducing Carbon Footprint: Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy source, which helps
businesses reduce their carbon emissions and reliance on fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.
By switching to solar, companies can significantly decrease their greenhouse gas emissions,
contributing to a healthier environment.
- Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Adopting solar energy aligns with corporate social
responsibility goals. Many companies aim to showcase their commitment to environmental
sustainability to customers, stakeholders, and regulators. This green initiative not only helps the
environment but also enhances the company’s public image and reputation.
- Compliance with Environmental Regulations: Many governments and regulatory bodies are
imposing stricter environmental regulations. Using solar energy helps businesses meet regulatory
requirements related to emissions reduction, renewable energy targets, and energy efficiency
standards.
4. Achieving Sustainability Goals and Green Certifications
- Green Certifications: Solar energy contributes to achieving sustainability goals and acquiring
certifications like LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) or ISO 14001, which
demonstrate a company's commitment to sustainability.
- Investor Attraction: Many investors prioritize companies that are committed to sustainability.
By adopting solar energy, businesses are more likely to attract environmentally conscious investors
and customers who value eco-friendly practices.

5. Boost Corporate Reputation and Competitive Advantage

Going solar provides businesses with a marketing advantage:
- Eco-Friendly Brand Image: By adopting solar, companies can promote themselves as eco-
conscious and innovative, which appeals to customers and stakeholders who value environmental
responsibility.
- Differentiation in the Market: Solar energy adoption distinguishes a business from competitors
by showing leadership in green initiatives, enhancing the company’s market position.

6. Increased Property Value

Investing in solar energy can increase the value of commercial and industrial properties:
- Higher Asset Value: Buildings equipped with solar energy systems tend to have higher market
values, as they come with the benefit of reduced operational costs and sustainable energy. This is
particularly attractive to tenants and buyers interested in lowering their energy expenses.
- Desirable Property for Leasing: Solar energy systems make properties more attractive for
leasing to eco-conscious businesses or organizations aiming to reduce their environmental impact.

7. Government Incentives and Tax Benefits

Governments worldwide offer financial incentives to encourage businesses to adopt solar energy:
- Tax Credits: Many countries offer tax credits and rebates for solar energy installations. In India,
for example, there are various subsidies and incentives to promote the use of solar power in the
Cold Storage (commercial and industrial sectors).
- Accelerated Depreciation: In some countries, businesses can claim accelerated depreciation on
solar investments, which allows them to recover a significant portion of the initial cost over a
shorter period.
- Net Metering: Through net metering programs, businesses can sell excess electricity generated
by their solar panels back to the grid, further reducing their electricity costs or earning revenue.

8. Scalability and Flexibility

Solar energy systems are highly scalable and adaptable to a business’s specific needs:
- Customizable for Different Sizes: Solar systems can be customized to fit the energy
requirements of small businesses or large industrial facilities. Whether it's a rooftop installation or
ground-mounted panels, businesses can scale their solar systems to match their energy needs.
- Flexible Energy Solutions: Businesses can start with a small solar installation and expand as
needed, or integrate solar energy with other renewable technologies such as wind or battery storage
for greater efficiency.

9. Improved Operational Efficiency

Solar energy systems often result in improved energy efficiency and better energy management:
- Stable Energy Supply: Solar power can provide a reliable source of energy, especially during
peak sunlight hours, reducing the need for expensive peak-hour electricity from the grid.
- Monitoring and Optimization: Modern solar systems come with energy monitoring tools,
enabling businesses to track their energy consumption and optimize their usage to improve
efficiency.

10. Contribution to National and Global Energy Goals

By adopting solar, businesses contribute to national and global goals of increasing renewable
energy adoption and combating climate change:
- Supporting National Solar Targets: Many countries, including India, have ambitious targets for
expanding solar capacity. By installing solar systems, businesses help their nations achieve these
targets and reduce dependence on non-renewable resources.
- Climate Change Mitigation: Solar energy helps businesses reduce their greenhouse gas
emissions, supporting international efforts to combat climate change and transition to a low-carbon
economy.

7. Key players and competitors in the market-

Key Players in Gujarat’s Solar Market

1. Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd.
- Overview: A subsidiary of Tata Power, this company is a key player in the solar market in
Gujarat and across India. It handles utility-scale projects, rooftop installations, and solar EPC
(Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) services.

Adani Solar
The main solar production facility of the Adani Group is Adani Solar, one of the prominent solar
companies in Gujarat. With a production capacity of 3.5 GW, it is the largest manufacturer of solar
PV cells and modules in India. It ranks among the world’s top 15 solar manufacturers.

Azure Power
- Overview: Azure Power is a prominent player in the Indian solar market, known for setting up
large solar power plants. In Gujarat, the company operates utility-scale solar plants.
- Key Projects in Gujarat: Azure has multiple projects in Gujarat, including significant utility-
scale solar farms.
- Products/Services: Solar power project development, EPC, and asset management.

ReNew Power
One of India’s largest renewable energy companies, ReNew Power has a growing solar portfolio
in Gujarat. The company is known for its large-scale solar farms and investments in clean energy.

Taiyo Solar
One of Ahmedabad’s largest solar companies, Taiyo Solar, was founded in 2011. It is a member
of the notable Nirman Group. Its mission is to bring about positive change in society by providing
products that contribute to reducing global warming and a pollution-free environment for all.

Bright Solar
One of the solar companies in Gujarat that is well-known for producing top-quality, cost-effective,
and reliable products is Bright Solar. Established in 2010, it specializes in manufacturing a wide
array of products that help meet residential, commercial, and industrial clients’ requirements.

Sunshine Solar Solutions

Sunshine Solar Solutions is one of the best solar companies in Gujarat. It caters to the solar energy
needs of residential and commercial installations. Formed in 2015, the company has become a
popular name due to its innovation and quality in the solar sector.

Key Players in India’s Solar Market

1. NTPC Renewable Energy Ltd. (NTPC REL)

- Overview: NTPC has diversified into renewable energy, with solar projects being a major
focus. The company is planning to add substantial solar capacity to its portfolio.
- Major Projects in India: Solar projects in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh.

2. Sterling & Wilson Solar Ltd.

- Overview: Part of the Shapoorji Pallonji Group, Sterling & Wilson is a global solar EPC
contractor with a significant presence in India. They handle large-scale utility projects and have
expanded internationally.
- Major Projects in India: Utility-scale solar installations across states like Rajasthan, Telangana,
and Maharashtra.

3. Jakson Group
- Overview: Jackson Group is an energy solutions company that operates in solar EPC, solar
modules manufacturing, and rooftop solar installations.
- Major Projects in India: Rooftop solar installations and utility projects in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh,
and Madhya Pradesh.
Major Competitors in the Indian Market

1. Vikram Solar
Vikram Solar is one of India’s leading solar module manufacturers and EPC service providers.
They focus on both rooftop and large-scale projects.

2. Loom Solar
A newer but rapidly growing solar technology company, Loom Solar focuses on residential solar
panel systems and small commercial installations.

3. Amp Energy India

- Overview: Amp Energy India is an independent renewable energy producer with a growing
portfolio of solar energy projects across India, including solar farms, hybrid projects, and C&I
solar installations.

4. Goldi Solar
- Overview: Goldi Solar is another prominent Indian solar panel manufacturer and EPC
company. They are expanding their presence in both domestic and international markets.

5. Photon Energy Systems Ltd.

- Overview: A pioneer in the Indian solar sector, Photon Energy specializes in solar PV systems,
both for residential and commercial applications.

Understanding customer segments (e.g., manufacturing, retail, logistics).

• Manufacturing: Industries involved in automotive, electronics, machinery, and consumer

goods manufacturing have significant energy needs. Solar energy can power factories,
reduce operating costs, and support continuous production.
• Textiles: Textile industries require substantial energy for dyeing, washing, and finishing
processes. Solar power helps offset grid electricity costs and provides a sustainable energy
source.
• Steel and Cement: Energy-intensive processes in steel and cement plants require a reliable
power supply. Solar energy can support these processes, especially in off-grid or remote
areas, and help reduce energy costs over time.
 • Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals: These industries need uninterrupted power for their
production and research operations. Solar energy, combined with storage systems, ensures
reliability and sustainability.

8. Distribution Exploring Companies (Discoms)

Discoms are companies that distribute electricity to consumers. They do not produce
electricity; they buy it from the producers and then sell it to consumers.

Types of Discoms-
•MGVCL, PGVCL, UGVCL, DGVCL: Examining the distinct characteristics of different
distribution companies and their regional significance.(For Gujarat)
•Torrent Power: Understanding the unique position of Torrent Power in the context of
distribution companies and its role in the industry. .(For Gujarat)

9. Understanding C&I Solar Solutions

Module
Mounting
Structure (MMS)

Blast Mounting
Flush Delta HDGI Structure
Structure

1. Flush Mounting Structure

• Description: Flush mounting is commonly used for rooftop installations, especially on flat
surfaces. This type of structure keeps the solar panels close to the roof, allowing for
streamlined installations.
• Material: Generally made from high-quality aluminum or galvanized steel, ensuring
durability and corrosion resistance.
• Benefits: It’s lightweight, cost-effective, and ideal for installations where aesthetics and
space optimization are priorities.
2. Delta Structure

• Description: Delta structures are triangular frameworks designed to elevate solar panels at
an optimal tilt angle. This structure is used in both rooftop and ground-mounted
installations to maximize exposure to sunlight.
• Material: Often made from aluminum or galvanized steel for strength and longevity.
• Benefits: Provides excellent stability, maximizes energy generation by achieving the
desired tilt angle, and is adaptable to various types of terrain.
3. HDGI (Hot-Dip Galvanized Iron) Structure

• Description: HDGI structures are designed for high durability, where the iron framework
is galvanized to prevent rust and corrosion. They are commonly used for ground-mounted
systems in outdoor environments.
• Material: Composed of iron with a hot-dip galvanized coating.
• Benefits: The hot-dip galvanizing process increases corrosion resistance, making it
suitable for harsh environments. The structure is durable, requires low maintenance, and
provides long-term stability.
4. Blast Mounting Structure for Ground Mount

• Description: Bash mounting structures are specifically designed for ground-mount solar
installations. They provide robust support to handle larger solar arrays, often in open fields
or areas with uneven terrain.
• Material: These structures can be made from galvanized steel or aluminum, designed for
strong wind and environmental resilience.
• Benefits: Bash mounting structures are sturdy and able to support high-capacity
installations, making them ideal for utility-scale solar projects. They provide stability,
allow for optimized tilt angles, and are built to withstand outdoor weather conditions
 - Different types of solar solutions (rooftop and ground-mounted).

• Rooftop Solar Systems

Overview
Rooftop solar systems involve installing solar panels on the roofs of industrial, commercial, or
residential buildings. The rooftop space, often underutilized, becomes a perfect platform for
placing solar panels that capture sunlight and convert it into electricity.

Key Features
- Installation on Roofs: The panels are mounted on the roofs of buildings, making use of the
available space.
- Fixed or Adjustable Panels: Panels can be installed at a fixed tilt angle, or with adjustable mounts,
which allow them to be positioned for optimal sun exposure.
- On-site Energy Generation: The energy generated is used directly at the facility, often reducing
the electricity consumption from the grid.

Benefits
- Efficient Use of Space: Rooftops are often underutilized, so installing solar panels makes efficient
use of available space without requiring additional land.
- Lower Infrastructure Costs: Since the installation is on existing structures, there’s no need to
invest in additional land or infrastructure. The cost is limited to the panels and mounting structures.
- Reduced Energy Bills: Rooftop solar panels can significantly reduce electricity costs by
generating power on-site. The more solar energy produced, the less you rely on grid power.
- Minimal Impact on Land Use: Rooftop solar doesn't require any extra land, making it ideal for
urban or space-constrained areas where land is expensive or unavailable.
- Net Metering: Many regions offer net metering policies, allowing businesses to sell excess solar
power back to the grid, further reducing energy costs.

Challenges
- Limited Capacity: The capacity of a rooftop solar system depends on the available roof space.
This limits the number of solar panels that can be installed, and consequently, the amount of energy
that can be generated.
- Structural Constraints: Not all rooftops are suitable for solar installations. Roofs need to have the
structural integrity to support the weight of the panels and mounting equipment.
- Shading and Orientation: Rooftops may face shading from nearby buildings, trees, or equipment,
which can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels. The orientation of the roof also affects the
amount of sunlight the panels can capture.
- Maintenance Accessibility: Depending on the height of the building, maintenance can be more
challenging compared to ground-mounted systems, requiring specialized equipment or personnel
to clean and service the panels.

Ideal Applications
- Industries or businesses with large roof spaces, such as factories, warehouses, or commercial
buildings.
- Facilities located in urban areas where land is limited or expensive.
- Organizations aiming to reduce energy costs with minimal land investment.

• Ground-Mounted Solar Systems

Overview
Ground-mounted solar systems are installed on open land rather than rooftops. These systems are
typically larger and can produce more energy due to the ability to install more solar panels.
Ground-mounted systems are highly flexible and can be customized to meet the specific energy
needs of industrial or large commercial users.

Key Features
- Flexible Placement: Panels are installed on the ground, often near the facility they serve, allowing
for more freedom in terms of size and orientation.
- Optimal Panel Placement: Ground-mounted systems allow for optimal tilt and orientation of the
panels to maximize sunlight exposure throughout the day and across seasons.
- Larger Scale: Since ground-mounted systems are not restricted by the size of a roof, they can be
scaled to meet higher energy demands.
Benefits
- High Energy Output: Ground-mounted systems can accommodate more solar panels compared
to rooftop systems, making them ideal for industries with high energy consumption.
- Optimal Sun Exposure: Panels can be installed at the best possible angle and orientation to
capture maximum sunlight, boosting efficiency and energy production.
- Easy Maintenance: Since the panels are installed on the ground, they are more accessible for
maintenance, cleaning, and repairs, leading to lower long-term maintenance costs.
- Energy Storage Integration: Ground-mounted systems can easily be integrated with energy
storage solutions (batteries) to provide backup power and increase energy reliability.

Challenges
- Land Requirements: Ground-mounted systems require a significant amount of land, which may
not always be available, especially in urban or industrial areas. The cost of acquiring or leasing
land can also be a limiting factor.
- Higher Installation Costs: Ground-mounted systems often involve higher upfront costs due to
land preparation, trenching for electrical cables, and mounting structures.
- Permitting and Zoning: Installing a ground-mounted solar system may require permits and
approvals from local authorities, particularly if the land use changes.
- Land Use Considerations: In some cases, dedicating large plots of land to solar installations may
not be feasible if the land could be used for other purposes like expansion or agricultural activities.
Willing charges – Willing charges are 8.5% per day.

Ideal Applications
- Industries with high energy consumption and large tracts of available land.
- Manufacturing plants, chemical factories, and heavy industries that require continuous, reliable
energy.
- Facilities located in rural or suburban areas where affordable land is available.
- Businesses looking for large-scale solar installations that can support their entire energy demand
or provide energy independence from the grid.

10. Solar technology basics.

PV panels,
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1LRsbYd1v7oFe_AGQON6epHiAsbHtZsRP?usp=drive_l
ink

Types of Panels

Monocrystalline Polycrystalline

Mono PERC Mono - Bi Facial Topcon (N-Type)

Inverters
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1EgIPj5RdkYFag_vd6-
uK9CEndSEc7GfP?usp=drive_link

Growatt inverter SOFAR Inverter

3.3 kw 2.2 kw G3

4.2 kw 2.7 kw G3

5 kw 3.3 kw G3

6 kw 4 kw G3

8 kw 5 kw G3

5 kw s kw G3

6 kw 5.5 kw G3
10 kw 8.8 kw G3

12 kw 11 kw G3

15 kw 20 kw G3

20 kw 25 kw G3

25 kw 50 kw G3

30 kw 80 kw G3

40 Lw 100 kw G3

50 kw 255 kw

60 kw

80 kW

100 kw

125 kw

253 kw
Earthing and cables –
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H840H8SlPl-
FYrJOqQXz8HKtxBaXCzQG/view?usp=sharing

Earthing – (Reference of 100kw )

Earthing, also known as grounding, is a safety mechanism where electrical energy is discharged
to the ground with the help of low-resistance wires.
Protecting human lives and electrical equipment from sudden surges of voltage and lightning
strikes is essential.
In the case of solar plants, specific parts of solar equipment are connected to the ground, having
no electrical potential. Earth has zero electrical potential, and any stray charges can be easily
discharged to it without causing any harm.
Benefits of earthing in solar system:
Ear
thing is used for domestic and industrial electrical installations. This is due to the following
benefits:
• It protects your equipment from damage due to sudden surges in voltage.
• In the case of solar panels, it improves the lifespan of PV modules by protecting them from
lightning.
• It protects people from the risk of electric shocks.
• Earthing helps the equipment to function efficiently by avoiding any degradation in quality.
ESE type LA (Radius 107mtr)

An ESE type LA (Radius 107mtr) is a lightning protection system with a 107 meter radius that
uses Early Streamer Emission (ESE) technology:
• Features
The ESE type LA has a protection radius of 107 meters at a height of 5 meters, a streamer emission
of 60 milliseconds, and a ΔT of 60 microseconds. It is compliant with the International Standards
NFC 17-102: 2011 and UNE 21 186.
• Applications
The ESE type LA can be used for buildings, industries, and solar plant lightning protection
systems.
• Materials
The ESE type LA is typically made of stainless steel.
• Mounting
The ESE type LA comes with a mounting solution that includes a galvanized iron pipe, base stand,
and stainless steel air terminal.
• Testability
The ESE type LA is testable with a remote tester with a range of 100 meters and has a testable
strike counter

Copper bonded Earthing 17.2mm dia 3000mm long Rod-

• Diameter: 17.2 mm
• Length: 3000 mm (3 meters)

Explanation and Usage:

This copper-bonded earthing rod is typically used in grounding (earthing) systems for electrical
installations, including solar PV systems. The copper coating provides excellent corrosion
resistance and a long life, making it suitable for installations where longevity and effective
grounding are essential.

Benefits:

• Corrosion Resistance: The copper layer protects against corrosion, especially important in moist
or soil-exposed conditions.
• Conductivity: Provides a low-resistance path for fault currents and lightning surges, ensuring
quick dissipation to the ground.
• Durability: Designed for long-term use in various environmental conditions, providing a reliable
earthing solution.

This rod can be installed in an earthing pit with conductive materials like salt and charcoal to
further enhance conductivity and ensure effective grounding.
Chemical bag 25kg-

This chemical bag likely contains a specialized earthing compound, commonly used to improve
conductivity around an earthing rod. The compound has moisture-retaining properties that help
maintain low resistance between the earthing rod and the surrounding soil.

Benefits of Chemical Earthing Compounds:

1. Enhanced Conductivity: The chemical compound reduces soil resistivity, enhancing the
effectiveness of the earthing system.
2. Moisture Retention: It retains moisture around the rod, especially useful in dry
environments, ensuring consistent conductivity over time.
3. Long-lasting Performance: The compound can prolong the life and efficiency of the
grounding system by reducing corrosion on the rod.

Application:

In an earthing installation, this compound is typically poured around the earthing rod in the pit,
then covered with soil. It is an effective way to ensure a stable and low-resistance earthing system,
which is crucial for solar PV systems, electrical installations, and lightning protection.

PVC/ RCC Earthing chamber cover-

An Earthing Chamber Cover is used to protect the earthing pit, where the earthing rod and
chemical compound are placed, from external elements. These covers are commonly made from
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) or RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete), each offering different
benefits based on the installation environment.
Key Features and Benefits:
1. Protection: The cover protects the earthing pit from rainwater, dust, debris, and other
contaminants, which could otherwise compromise the earthing system.
2. Durability:
o PVC is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and easy to handle. Suitable for less-
intensive conditions.
o RCC is highly durable and can withstand heavy loads, making it suitable for
industrial or high-traffic areas.
3. Accessibility: The cover allows easy access for maintenance or inspection of the earthing
pit.
Application:
After installing the earthing rod and filling the pit with the conductive compound, the earthing pit
is covered with this chamber cover. It helps ensure the long-term stability and effectiveness of the
grounding system, essential for safety in solar PV installations and other electrical setups.
 Earthing Cable Earthing - 1 Core 35 SQ MM, Cu, Green
Earthing Cable Earthing - 1 Core 70 SQ MM, Cu, Green
Earthing Cable Flexible 1 Core 10 SQ MM, Cu Green
Earthing Cable Flexible 1 Core 16 SQ MM, Cu- Green
Earthing Cable Earthing - 1 Core 25 SQ MM, Cu, Green
Earthing cable Earthing - 1 Core 4 SQ MM, Cu, Green
Earthing cable Earthing - 1 Core 70 SQ MM, Cu, Green (LA)

AC Cables –

In a solar panel system’s Bill of Materials (BOM), AC cables are crucial for connecting the
inverter output to the grid or electrical distribution system. These cables carry the alternating
current (AC) power generated by the inverter to the distribution board or main service panel.
Here’s an overview of the details you may find for AC cables in a BOM for a solar project:

1. Cable Specifications
 • Cable Type: Specifies the type of AC cable, typically XLPE insulated armored cables
for outdoor use, which are designed for durability, UV resistance, and protection against
environmental factors.
• Material: AC cables are usually made from copper or aluminum conductors, with copper
being more conductive and durable but more expensive. Aluminum cables are lighter and
cost-effective for larger installations.
• Insulation Type: Most AC cables in solar installations use Cross-Linked Polyethylene
(XLPE) or PVC for insulation, chosen for its excellent heat resistance and longevity.
• Armoring: Armored cables add a layer of mechanical protection, which is essential for
underground or outdoor installations, protecting against physical damage.

2. Cable Size

• Gauge (Cross-sectional Area): The size of the cable, specified in square millimeters
(mm²), depends on the system’s current and voltage ratings. Typical sizes are 4 mm², 6
mm², 10 mm², or 16 mm² for commercial and industrial solar applications.
• Voltage Rating: AC cables must match the system's voltage requirements, often rated for
600V, 1000V, or 1500V depending on the system design.
• Current Rating: The cable must handle the expected current load from the inverter to the
distribution board. The rating varies by the system’s total power output and installation
length.

3. Quantity and Length

• Quantity of Cables: The BOM should specify the total number of cables required, usually
broken down by type, size, and function (e.g., main AC cable, grounding cable).
• Length per Cable: The exact length of each cable type is provided to ensure enough
material for the installation layout. This will vary based on the distance from the inverter
to the distribution panel or connection point.

4. Cable Path and Installation Details

• Conduit Requirements: If the cable is installed in conduit, specifications for conduit

diameter, material, and length are included.
• Cable Tray or Trenching: For rooftop or ground-mounted solar systems, cable trays or
trenches may be required, specifying the pathway to securely house the cables.

5. Connectors and Termination Kits

• Lugs and Connectors: To properly connect AC cables to the inverter and distribution
board, the BOM includes connectors or lugs compatible with the cable size and type.
• Termination Kits: For armored cables, heat-shrink or cold-shrink termination kits may be
required, providing extra protection at connection points.

6. Compliance and Standards

 • Compliance with Standards: AC cables in solar projects must adhere to local and
international standards, such as IEC 60228 (for conductors), IEC 60502-1 (for armored
cables), and NEC guidelines if in the U.S. This ensures safety, quality, and regulatory
compliance.
• Temperature and Environmental Ratings: Specifies the maximum operating
temperature and any environmental ratings, such as IP ratings for waterproofing, to ensure
the cable’s suitability for outdoor conditions.

7. Color Coding

• Phase Identification: AC cables often follow a color code for phase identification—
typically black, red, and blue for three-phase systems, with green or yellow-green for
grounding cables.

Example BOM Entry for AC Cables

A.C. Cable Polycab 1.1kv, oC, 4Cx 16 sqmm AL XLPEArmoured cable

A.C. Cable Polycab 1.1kv, aC,4Cx35 sqmm AL XLPEArmoured cable
A.C. Cable Polycab 1.1kV, AC, 4C x4 sqmm AL XLPEArmoured cable
A.C. Cable Polycab 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 70 sqmm AL XLPE Armoured cable
A.C. Cable Polycab 1.1kV, AC, 4Cx 120 sqmm AL XLPEArmoured cable
AC Cable Cu. 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 4 sqmm CU XLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Cu. 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 16 sqmm CU XLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Cu. 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 10 sqmm CU XLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Alu.XLPE 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 150 sqmm ALXLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Cu. 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 6 sqmm CU XLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Alu.XLPE 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 35 sqmm ALXLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Alu.XLPE 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 95 sqmm ALXLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Alu.XLPE 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 240 sqmm ALXLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Alu.XLPE 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 400 sqmm ALXLPE Armoured cable
AC Cable Cu. 1.1kV, AC, 4C x 35 sqmm CU XLPE Armoured cable
Ac Alu XLPE Cable 1.1kv, AC, 4C x 6 sqmm AL XLPE Armoured cable
DC Cables-
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cjoMbt5K3-sVc56hqoz8xbXnNSpiE1H3/view?usp=sharing

DC EN Type Cable DC - 1 Core 4 SQ MM-

Black
DC EN Type Cable DC - 1 Core 4 SQ MM-
Red

Walkway-

A walkway in solar installations is a dedicated path between solar panel arrays, often found in
both rooftop and ground-mounted systems. The primary purpose of a walkway is to provide safe
access for maintenance personnel to reach and service solar equipment without stepping on or
damaging the solar panels.

1. Purpose and Functionality

• Maintenance Access: Walkways allow maintenance teams easy access to inspect, clean,
and repair solar panels and other components without risking panel damage.
• Safety: Walkways are designed to prevent slips and falls, often featuring anti-slip materials
or textures to ensure safe movement in various weather conditions.
• Enhanced Panel Longevity: By designating a clear path, walkways reduce the chances of
accidental panel damage, ensuring the longevity of the panels and minimizing the need for
repairs.

2. Materials

• Aluminum: Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and durable, aluminum is a popular choice

for walkways in solar installations.
• Galvanized Steel: Provides excellent durability and strength, especially in outdoor
environments; it's resistant to rust and can withstand heavy foot traffic.
• HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene): In some cases, high-grade polymers like HDPE are
used for walkways, especially in corrosive environments.

The choice of material depends on the environment, installation type, and structural load
requirements.

3. Types of Walkways

• Rooftop Walkways: These are designed for rooftop solar arrays to provide safe access
across flat or sloped roofs. They are often raised slightly to prevent interference with
drainage and airflow beneath the panels.
• Ground-Mounted Walkways: Ground-mounted walkways are generally wider and more
durable, as they may have to handle a heavier load due to the movement of larger
maintenance equipment.
• Integrated Walkways: Some solar panel mounting systems have built-in walkway
options, seamlessly integrating them into the structure for space efficiency.

4. Design Considerations

• Width and Accessibility: Walkways should be wide enough to allow for comfortable
movement and, where necessary, for equipment such as cleaning machinery or small carts.
• Anti-Slip Surface: Textured or ribbed surfaces can be used to enhance grip and prevent
slips.
• Raised or Drainable Design: Rooftop walkways are often raised to allow water to drain
underneath and avoid pooling that could cause roof damage.

5. Benefits of Walkways in Solar Installations

 • Reduced Maintenance Costs: Having designated walkways prevents panel damage,
potentially lowering repair costs.
• Compliance with Safety Standards: Walkways ensure compliance with workplace safety
standards, especially for larger commercial and industrial installations.
• Improved Installation Efficiency: During installation and later maintenance, walkways
facilitate better access, reducing time spent on these tasks.

Walkways enhance the efficiency, safety, and longevity of solar installations, making them a
valuable addition, particularly in larger or complex solar array

Site survey Points :

To tailor solar solutions precisely based on each client’s unique requirements—such as energy
consumption and available space—follow these steps during the site survey:

1. Measure and Document Roof Dimensions: Capture every dimension of the client’s
rooftop to accurately plan the solar panel layout.
2. Client Meter Photo with Serial Number: Take a clear photo of the client’s electricity
meter, ensuring the serial number is visible.
3. Mark LT Panel Location on Google Maps: Locate the client’s LT (Low Tension) panel
on Google Maps and mark the exact position for reference.
4. Record GPS Coordinates: Capture the site’s latitude and longitude to aid in system design
and performance estimations.
5. For Metal Sheds:
o Measure the distance between purlins.
o Note the roof profile and shed tilt angle.
o Mark roof access points on the survey, with dimensions, and identify any staircases
or monkey ladders available for access.
6. Inverter Location: Take photos and videos of the proposed inverter installation location
to document spacing and conditions.
7. Earthing Location: Capture photos and videos of the designated earthing location to
ensure compliance and safety.
8. Breaker Size in LT Panel: In the client’s LT panel, check and note the size of the breaker
where the Discom (distribution company) cable connects.
9. DG Set Synchronization: If the site has DG (diesel generator) sets synchronized with the
LT panel, record the changeover switch rating and take a photo for reference.
10. Transformer Details for HT Consumers: If the client is an HT (High Tension) consumer,
document the transformer’s rating and take a photo of its nameplate.
11. AC Cable Route:
o Record a video showing the route of the AC cable from the inverter to the LT panel.
o Mark this route on Google Maps to provide a clear overview for installation.
 12. Collect Recent Electricity Bill: Obtain a copy of the client’s latest electricity bill to
analyze energy usage patterns and optimize the system design.

11. Financial Aspects of C&I Solar Projects

- ROI and Payback Period Calculations:
Require: kw, rate
Unit generation – 4
Saving - 7
Rate*kw = Investment
(32000* 150 ) = 4800000…………………eq1
Kw* Unit generation * savings
( 150* 4* 7 = 4200) = savings monthly
4200*365 = 15,33,000……………………...eq2
= eq1/eq2 ( 4800000/1533000 = 3.13 years )
= ROI recovery year

- Helping clients understand the financial return on investment.

12. Light Bill Analysis – (Unit to Kw)

Given,
Unit
Unit / 30 (Monthly Cycle) / 4 (Unit generation ) = kw
Bill
Amount / 9 / 30 / 4 = kw

30*4 = 120
13. Government Policies:
- Knowledge of local, state, and federal incentives for solar projects.
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1kkYGCJ_XNf0icrR50xBgm7KZKe_7tlmW?usp=drive_link

- Operative Period - 25 years

- Rooftop installation for self-consumption is up to 1000kw
- Banking charges for MSME(Manufacturing) - 1.10/unit and other than manufacturing in
MSME - 1.50/unit.
- Requires obtaining permission from the local distribution company (DISCOM) or Gujarat
Energy Transmission Corporation Limited (GETCO) for grid connectivity
- Installations must adhere to the Indian Electricity Rules (IE Rules) and Gujarat Electricity
Regulatory Commission (GERC) guidelines for electrical safety

14. Customer Relationship Management

- Client Engagement and Retention:
- Best practices for maintaining strong client relationships post-sale.
- Importance of regular communication and updates.
- After-Sales Support:
- Coordinating with technical teams for installation and maintenance.
- Ensuring client satisfaction through ongoing support and service.
- Referral and Upsell Opportunities:
- Leveraging satisfied clients for referrals and additional sales opportunities.
- Identifying opportunities for system upgrades or expansions.

15. List of documents required

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZhUwFHIKE1EtdPT3Bv0GbdaWKKUpvXIG?usp=driv
e_link
16. PM Kusum Details
Here’s a more detailed breakdown of the PM KUSUM scheme that you can include in your training
module:

1. Objective:
PM KUSUM aims to harness solar energy to enhance farmers' livelihoods by providing solar
pumps and setting up decentralized solar plants.

2. Components:
- Component A: Setting up of 10 GW decentralized, grid-connected solar power plants (up to 2
MW per site) on barren lands, ensuring extra income for farmers by selling electricity. In this
component, NDCR Panels will be used.
- Component B: Installation of 20 lakh standalone solar pumps, enabling irrigation in remote
areas.(Not for important for us )
- Component C: Solarization of existing grid-connected agricultural pumps, reducing reliance
on grid electricity. In this component, DCR Panels will be used.

3. Financial Model: Central financial assistance (CFA) of 30% of the benchmark cost is provided
for each component, with additional state government support, along with loans and beneficiary
contributions.

4. Eligibility: Farmers, individual landowners, cooperatives, panchayats, and farmer-producer

organizations (FPOs) are eligible for benefits under the scheme.

5. Subsidy Structure:
- For solar plants, farmers or groups of farmers can install solar plants on their fallow lands and
sell the electricity generated to DISCOMs (distribution companies), ensuring a stable source of
income.

6. Impact:
 - The scheme targets increasing the income of farmers by allowing them to sell surplus
electricity, reducing their dependence on diesel pumps, promoting the use of green energy, and
contributing to the government's target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022.
- Encourages the shift to clean energy, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and aiding India’s
climate change commitments.

7. Process:
- Farmers can apply through the PM KUSUM portal. Implementation is overseen by state
renewable energy agencies (SREAs), with close monitoring to ensure timely installations and
functioning.

8. Expected Outcomes:
- A rise in solar-powered irrigation, reduced energy costs for farmers, and a more sustainable
agricultural sector.
- Energy security for rural communities and a reliable energy grid that supports clean energy
goals.
For more information, [PM KUSUM website](https://pmkusum.mnre.gov.in/).

17. Formats of PPA of different DISCOM-

Understanding Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)

A PPA is a legally binding contract between the power generator (such as a farmer or a solar power
developer under the PM KUSUM scheme) and the power purchaser (the DISCOM). It outlines the
terms and conditions under which electricity generated by the solar plant is sold to the DISCOM.

Key Components of a PPA

1. Introduction and Parties Involved

o Title and Date: The agreement's effective date.
o Parties: Full legal names and addresses of the power producer and the DISCOM.
2. Definitions and Interpretations
o Clarifies the terminology used throughout the agreement to avoid ambiguities.
3. Term and Duration
o Effective Date: When the agreement comes into force.
 o Term Length: Typically ranges from 15 to 25 years.
o Renewal Options: Conditions under which the agreement can be extended.
4. Sale and Purchase of Electricity
o Obligations of the Generator: Commitments to generate and deliver electricity.
o Obligations of the DISCOM: Commitments to purchase the generated electricity.
5. Tariff and Payment Terms
o Tariff Rate: The agreed price per unit of electricity (kWh), which may include
escalation clauses.
o Billing Cycle: How and when invoices are generated.
o Payment Terms: Due dates, methods of payment, and penalties for late payments.
6. Metering Arrangements
o Meter Installation: Specifications for metering equipment.
o Meter Reading: Procedures for recording electricity generation and delivery.
o Calibration and Testing: Ensuring meter accuracy.
7. Interconnection Facilities
o Connection Point: Where the solar plant connects to the grid.
o Technical Specifications: Standards for equipment and interconnection.
8. Commissioning and Testing
o Initial Testing: Procedures before commencing commercial operations.
o Commercial Operation Date (COD): The date when the plant begins regular
electricity supply.
9. Representations and Warranties
o By the Generator: Assurance of lawful ownership, operation, and compliance.
o By the DISCOM: Assurance of authority to enter into the agreement and purchase
power.
10. Force Majeure
o Definition: Events beyond control (natural disasters, war, etc.).
o Consequences: How such events affect obligations and remedies.
11. Change in Law
o Implications: How changes in legislation affect the agreement.
o Adjustments: Mechanisms for tariff or obligation adjustments.
12. Termination
o Default Events: Conditions under which either party can terminate the agreement.
o Termination Procedure: Notices required and timelines.
o Consequences: Obligations post-termination, including settlements.
13. Dispute Resolution
o Negotiation: Initial steps to resolve disputes amicably.
o Mediation/Arbitration: Procedures if negotiations fail.
o Jurisdiction: Courts or tribunals that have authority.
14. Liabilities and Indemnification
o Limitations: Caps on damages or liabilities.
o Indemnity Clauses: Protection against certain losses or claims.
15. Confidentiality
o Obligations: Keeping agreement terms and related information confidential.
o Exceptions: Legal requirements for disclosure.
16. Governing Law
o Applicable Laws: The agreement is governed by Indian laws and, more
specifically, the state laws where the project is located.
17. Notices
o Communication Protocols: How formal communications should be made.
18. Schedules and Annexures
o Technical Details: Plant specifications, site details.
o Tariff Schedule: Detailed tariff calculations.
o Bank Guarantees: Security deposits or performance guarantees.
18.POST SALES PROCEDURE-

Post-Sales Procedure for Project Execution

1. Site Survey and Design Finalization

- After the project is won, the technical team conducts a site survey.

- Final design is prepared, requiring the client's signature and stamp.

2. Rate Finalization and Work Order Signing

- The final rate is established, and the work order is signed based on agreed payment terms.

- A 60% to 80% payment is required before dispatch, as per the work order terms.

3. Material Procurement Initiation

- Ravi Patel and the technical team email the purchase team and plant team for material
procurement.

- The plant team replies to the email with details on available material at the plant.

- If any balance of system (BOS) items are unavailable, the purchase team arranges them.

4. Material Dispatch Preparation

- Once all materials are ready, an email notification for dispatch is sent.

- The sales team emails the work order and GST certificate details to the accounts team to
facilitate invoicing.

- The material is then dispatched from the plant.

5. Material Receipt and Installation Preparation

- Upon material dispatch, a technical representative or dealer is present at the site to oversee
unloading.

- The technical team finalizes installers for site installation.

- If any additional BOS items are required on-site, the technical person coordinates for their
arrangement.

6. Site Installation and Payment Collection

- Following the site installation, the complete payment from the client is collected.

- The client's 25-year Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is signed and submitted to the
distribution company (DISCOM) by the liaisoning team.

7. DISCOM Meter Installation

- The DISCOM team installs the solar generation meter upon PPA submission.

8. Work Completion and Site Handover

- After installation is completed, the sales representative secures the client’s signature on the
work completion document.

- The technical person clears any remaining materials from the site.

9. Final Handover to Client

- The project, including warranty certificates, invoices, and any other relevant documentation, is
formally handed over to the client.
This structured post-sales process ensures that all steps are efficiently managed, leading to a
successful project handover.

19.AMC –

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qVKwD41rjFl2gYJu7sn1njg2nK0vEMjY/view?usp=sharing

Net metering Policy-

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bwQNBJc4Bxaqw_bRHXWwutbTVALUnNyK/view?usp=
sharing

1. Objective: The policy aims to promote renewable energy (RE) projects, including wind, solar,
and hybrid systems, to achieve 50% of the state’s electricity capacity from non-fossil sources by
2030. Gujarat seeks to develop its renewable potential, emphasizing decarbonization, energy
security, and economic development.

2. Scope and Eligibility: Covers ground-mounted, rooftop, floating, and canal-top solar, along with
wind and hybrid projects. Open to individuals, companies, and other entities for captive or third-
party sales, with no capacity restrictions for captive use.

3. Incentives and Investment: Encourages investments with goals to attract around ₹5 lakh crores.
The policy provides various incentives, such as tax benefits, land allotment, and simplified
procedures to ease project development and attract businesses, MSMEs, and local manufacturing.

4. Types of Renewable Projects:

- Solar: Can be ground-mounted or installed on rooftops, canals, or floating platforms.

 - Wind: Available in parks or stand-alone installations.

- Wind-Solar Hybrid: Designed to optimize land use and transmission, minimizing energy
variability by combining both sources.

- RE Parks: Focus on solar, wind, and hybrid parks with capacities ranging from 50 MW to larger
installations.

5. Grid Connectivity and Evacuation: Grid stability and connectivity standards are set according
to state and national codes. Transmission fees and wheeling charges apply depending on project
type and location.

6. Banking and Energy Settlement: Renewable projects have banking provisions based on GERC
regulations, with energy settlement typically on a billing cycle. Specific charges and conditions
apply for energy banking to manage grid load and balance.

7. Land Allocation: Government land may be allocated at concessional rates for renewable
projects, especially those that supply power to Gujarat's distribution licensees.

8. Metering and Monitoring: Projects must comply with metering regulations and install real-time
data transfer systems to ensure transparent energy accounting. ABT-compliant meters are required
for monitoring and billing.

9. Carbon Credits: Renewable projects may benefit from carbon credits. The policy allows projects
to retain credits, especially those developed through competitive bidding.
10. Implementation and Oversight: Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) and Gujarat
Urja Vikas Nigam Limited (GUVNL) are key implementing bodies, with online systems in place
for project registration and progress tracking.

This policy is valid until September 2028 or until replaced by a subsequent policy, with mid-term
reviews to address technological advancements and policy challenges.

1. NET METERING

Net metering is a billing system that allows rooftop owners to have solar systems installed at their
rooftop to sell any excess electricity generated from the solar system to local electricity utilities.

Capacity

Size:

• Min 1 kWp

• Max 1 MWp

Voltage level:

• Upto 6 kW, 230V- single phase

• Above 6 kW and upto 100 kW, 415 V-Three phase

• Above 100 kW, 11 kV-Three phase (HT)

Conditions:

• u226450% of your Sanctioned Load

• The cumulative capacity of all solar systems installed in your area shall not exceed 30% of
the distribution transformer capacity in your area.
Ownership options

• Self ownership (CAPEX model)

• Group Captive.

• Third Party sale within same premises or outside of the premises(through lease agreement/
power sale agreement)

Billing Mechanism

• Annual (April to March)

• Any unadjusted electricity credits shall be paid as per the rates notified by GERC.

Others

• Banking Charges-
Rs.1.10 per unit of energy consumed for MSME and other than demand-based consumers.
Rs. 1.50 per unit of energy consumed for demand-based consumers.
Exempted for Government Buildings.

• Transmission and wheeling charges if applicable depending on plant and point of

consumption decided by GERC.

• Cross Subsidy and Additional charges are applicable as decided by GERC from time to
time.

• Electricity Duty is applicable per the Gujarat Electricity Act,1958 provision.

LT Panel and HT Panel –

LT Less than 100KW

HT more than 100 KW

1. LT Panel (Low Tension Panel)

• Voltage Range: Used for systems below 1 kV (up to 415V or 440V).

• Application: Designed for systems with loads less than 100 kW.

• Function: Distributes low-tension power safely and efficiently, typically from

transformers to various circuits within a facility.

• Components: Includes circuit breakers, switches, busbars, fuses, and meters for managing
and protecting the electrical load.

• Usage: Common in smaller commercial or industrial setups where electrical loads do not
exceed 100 kW.

2. HT Panel (High Tension Panel)

• Voltage Range: Used for systems above 1 kV, often up to 33 kV or more.

• Application: Suitable for systems with loads greater than 100 kW.

• Function: Manages high-tension power from the grid or main transmission lines, reducing
it through transformers as needed for facility use.

• Components: Typically includes vacuum circuit breakers, isolators, protective relays, and
transformers for safe handling of high voltages.

• Usage: Employed in larger facilities or industrial applications where power demand is high
(over 100 kW), requiring high-voltage input and precise control.
Types of Meter Uni and Bi- Dire-

In solar power systems, meters are essential for tracking energy usage and generation. Here’s an
overview of the two main types of meters used:

1. Uni-directional Meter (Single-direction Meter)

- Purpose: Measures only one direction of energy flow, typically the consumption of power from
the grid.

- Use Case: Commonly found in non-solar installations or where solar generation is not fed back
into the grid (i.e., off-grid systems).

- Operation: Tracks energy drawn from the grid to the consumer but does not account for any
excess power sent back.

2. Bi-directional Meter

- Purpose: Measures both the energy consumed from the grid and the energy sent back to the
grid (exported) from solar generation.

- Use Case: Essential in grid-tied solar systems where the system can export surplus power to
the grid, often for net metering.

- Operation: Records imported (from the grid) and exported (to the grid) energy, making it
possible to track net energy usage. Users can receive credits for the surplus energy supplied to the
grid, helping reduce their electricity bills.

Key Differences:

- Uni-directional: Only measures power drawn from the grid.

- Bi-directional: Measures both incoming and outgoing power, facilitating net metering.

Charge For 2023-24 For 2024-25 Remarks

Time of Use Charge (Peak 85 Paise per
Hours) 85 Paise per Unit Unit No change
Time of Use Charge (Off-Peak Rebate: 43 Paise per
Hours) Unit Discontinued Discontinued

Cross Subsidy Surcharge (CSS) ₹1.60/kWh ₹1.52/kWh Reduce by 8 Paise/kWh

Wheeling Charge 17.31 Ps./kWh 14.73 Ps./kWh Reduce by 2.58 Ps./kWh
Wheeling Loss 9.50% 8.50% Reduce by 1%
Transmission Charges
(MW/Day) ₹4,113.16 ₹4,130.32 Increase by ₹17.15/MW/Day
Transmission Charges Increase by 1.15 Paise per
(Ps./kWh) 37.94 39.09 kWh
Additional Surcharge ₹0.87/kWh ₹1.00/kWh Increase by ₹0.13/kWh