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    Anatomy and Physiology of The Gall Bladder

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    Lea Dungo
    The gallbladder is a small organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion. It is pear-shaped and located just under the liver. The gallbladder contracts in response to cholecystokinin to release bile into the small intestine after a meal containing fat. Bile emulsifies fats to aid their digestion. Sometimes, substances in bile can crystallize to form gallstones within the gallbladder.

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    Anatomy and Physiology of The Gall Bladder

    Uploaded by

    Lea Dungo
    1K views2 pages
    The gallbladder is a small organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion. It is pear-shaped and located just under the liver. The gallbladder contracts in response to cholecystokinin to release bile into the small intestine after a meal containing fat. Bile emulsifies fats to aid their digestion. Sometimes, substances in bile can crystallize to form gallstones within the gallbladder.

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    Anatomy and Physiology of the Gall Bladder

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    The gallbladder is a small organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion. It is pear-shaped and located just under the liver. The gallbladder contracts in response to cholecystokinin to release bile into the small intestine after a meal containing fat. Bile emulsifies fats to aid their digestion. Sometimes, substances in bile can crystallize to form gallstones within the gallbladder.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    1K views2 pages

    Anatomy and Physiology of The Gall Bladder

    Uploaded by

    Lea Dungo
    The gallbladder is a small organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion. It is pear-shaped and located just under the liver. The gallbladder contracts in response to cholecystokinin to release bile into the small intestine after a meal containing fat. Bile emulsifies fats to aid their digestion. Sometimes, substances in bile can crystallize to form gallstones within the gallbladder.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GALL BLADDER In vertebrates the gallbladder (cholecyst, gall bladder, biliary vesicle), small

    pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile is a small organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver. In humans the loss of the gallbladder is usually easily tolerated

    Human anatomy
    The gallbladder is a hollow system that sits just beneath the liver.[2] In adults, the gallbladder measures approximately 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in length and 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in diameter when fully distended.[3] It is divided into three sections: fundus, body and neck. The neck tapers and connects to the biliary tree via the cystic duct, which then joins the common hepatic duct to become the common bile duct. At the neck of the gall bladder is a mucosal fold called Hartmann's pouch, where gallstones commonly get stuck. The angle of the gallbladder is located between the costal margin and the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis muscle. [edit]Microscopic

    anatomy

    The different layers of the gallbladder are as follows:[4]      The epithelium, a thin sheet of cells closest to the inside of the gallbladder The lamina propria, a thin layer of loose connective tissue (the epithelium plus the lamina propria form the mucosa) The muscularis, a layer of smooth muscular tissue that helps the gallbladder contract, squirting its bile into the bile duct The perimuscular ("around the muscle") fibrous tissue, another layer of connective tissue The serosa, the outer covering of the gallbladder that comes from the peritoneum, which is the lining of the abdominal cavity

    Unlike elsewhere in the intestinal tract, the gallbladder does not have a muscularis mucosae. [edit]Function

    When food containing fat enters the digestive tract, it stimulates the secretion ofcholecystokinin (CCK). In response to CCK, the adult human gallbladder, which stores about 50 millilitres (1.7 U.S. fl oz; 1.8 imp fl oz) of bile, releases its contents into the duodenum. The bile, originally produced in the liver, emulsifies fats in partly digested food. During storage in the gallbladder, bile becomes more concentrated which increases its potency and intensifies its effect on fats. In 2009, it was demonstrated that the gallbladder removed from a patient expressed several pancreatic [5] hormones including insulin. This was surprising because until then, it was thought that insulin was only produced in pancreatic -cells. This study provides evidence that -like cells do occur outside the human pancreas. The authors suggest that since the gallbladder and pancreas are adjacent to each other during embryonic development, there exists tremendous potential in derivation of endocrine pancreatic progenitor cells from human gallbladders that are available after cholecystectomy. The hormone causes the gall bladder to contract, forcing bile into the common bile duct. A valve, which opens only when food is present in the intestine, allows bile to flow from the common bile duct into the duodenum where it functions in the process of fat digestion. Sometimes the substances contained in bile crystallize in the gall bladder, forming gallstones. These small, hard concretions are more common in persons over 40, especially in women and the obese. They can cause inflammation of the gall bladder, a disorder that produces symptoms similar to those of indigestion, especially after a fatty meal is consumed. If a stone becomes lodged in the bile duct, it produces severe pain. Gallstones may pass out of the body spontaneously; however, serious blockage is treated by removing the gall bladder surgically.

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