Lab-Report-1

AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH
Faculty of Engineering
Laboratory Report Cover Sheet
Students must complete all details except the faculty use part.
Please submit all reports to your subject supervisor or the office of the concerned faculty.
Laboratory Title: Familiarize with engineering software as a modern simulation tool to investigate the
gggggggggggggggg fundamentals of signal and analog circuits. (Multisim Tutorial)
Experiment Number: 01 Due Date: 23 October 2022 Semester: Fall 2022-23
Subject Code: EEE2210 Subject Name: Analog Electronics Lab Section: A
Course Instructor: Raja Rashidul Hasan Degree Program: EEE

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authorized by the lecturer/teacher concerned and is clearly acknowledged in the report.
I/we understand that
7. Plagiarism is the presentation of the work, idea or creation of another person as though it is your own. It is a
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Group Number (if applicable): 01 Group Submission
No. Student Name Student ID Student Signature Date

Submitted by:
1 MD. Abid Morshed 20-43786-2
Group Members:
2 MD. Shoaib Khan Chowdhury 20-43731-2

3 S M Nahidul Islam 20-43768-2
4 MD. Nakib Shahria 20-44098-2
Total Marks: Marks Obtained:
Faculty comments
Title: Familiarize with engineering software as a modern simulation tool to investigate the
fundamentals of signal and analog circuits. (Multisim Tutorial)
Introduction: National Instruments’ Multisim software is a circuit teaching application software for
analog, digital, and power electronics courses and laboratories. User can visualize circuits and reinforce
theory with simulated instruments, advanced analyses, and thousands of interactive components through
this platform. This software package is user-friendly. This software can be used in laboratory while
exercising the simulations, measurements, and designs of real-life systems. Furthermore, Multisim can be
used as an excellent replacement for many other laboratory devices, such as digital multimeters,
oscilloscopes, function generators, and etc. The objective of this experiment is to use the NI (National
Instruments) Multisim for analog circuit simulations to facilitate the analysis which enhances the
understanding of various analog electric circuits and their mode of operation.
Theory and Methodology:

Analog signal contains information about a variety of activities and things of this physical world.
Analog values are typically represented as a voltage, electric current or electric charge around
components in the electronic devices. As an example, the voice of a radio announcer reading the
news into a microphone provides an acoustic signal that contains information about world affairs.
To extract required information the signal must first be converted into an electrical signal, that is,
a voltage or a current. However electric signal can be represented by one of the two equivalent
forms shown in Fig. 1
(a) (b)
Figure: 1 Two alternative representations of a signal source: (a) Thevenin form; (b)
the Norton form.
These two representations in Fig. 1 are equivalent, their parameters are related by
𝑣𝑠 (𝑡) = 𝑅𝑆 𝑖𝑆 (𝑡)
An analog signal is a time-varying quantity that can be represented by a graph such as that shown
in Fig. 3. In fact, the information content of the signal is represented by the changes in its
magnitude as time progresses. Electronic circuits that process such signals are known as analog
circuits. Common analog processing elements include capacitors, resistors and inductors (as the
passive elements) and transistors or op-amps (as the active elements).
Figure: 2 An arbitrary analog voltage signal 𝑣𝑆 (𝑡).
Analog Amplifiers
The most fundamental signal-processing function is signal amplification. An amplifier that
preserves the details of the signal waveform is characterized by the relationship
𝑣𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝐴𝑣 𝑣𝑖 (𝑡) …………… [2]
Where 𝑣𝑖 and 𝑣𝑜 are the input and output signals, respectively, and 𝐴𝑣 is a constant representing
the magnitude of amplification, known as amplifier gain. Equation (2) is a linear relationship;
hence the amplifier it describes is a linear amplifier.
(a) (b)
Figure: 3 (a) A voltage amplifier fed with a signal vI(t) and connected to a load resistance RL. (b)
Transfer
characteristic of a linear voltage amplifier with voltage gain Av.
The power gain of the amplifier in Fig. 3 is defined as

𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑃 ) 𝑣 𝑖
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 (𝐴𝑃 ) = 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟(𝑃𝐿) = 𝑣𝑜 𝑖𝑜 ………………… [3]
𝐼 𝑖 𝑖
The current gain of the amplifier is defined as
𝑖𝑜
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛(𝐴𝑖 ) = ……………….[4]
𝑖𝑖
From Equation. [2] to [4] we note that

𝐴𝑃 = 𝐴𝑣 𝐴𝑖 …………[5]
Specifically the voltage, current and power gains 𝐴𝑣 , 𝐴𝑖 and 𝐴𝑃 respectively can be expressed as
Voltage gain in decibels = 20 log|𝐴𝑣 | dB ………………………[6]
Current gain in decibels = 20 log|𝐴𝑖 | dB ……………………….[7]
Power gain in decibels = 10 log|𝐴𝑃 | dB ………………………[8]
20 log|𝐴𝑣 |
Figure 4: Typical magnitude response of an amplifier
In analyzing frequency response of an amplifier circuit, single-time-constant (STC) networks will

be investigated. An STC network is one that is composed of, or can be reduced to, one reactive
component (inductance or capacitance) and one
resistance.
Figure 5: Two examples of STC networks: (a) a low-pass network and (b) a high-pass network.
An STC network formed of an inductance L and a resistance R has a time constant τ = L/R. The
time constant τ of an STC network composed of a capacitance C and a resistance R is given by τ
=CR.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure-1: Basic NMOS circuit
Figure 2: MOSFET amplifier (AC)

Figure 3: MOSFET amplifier (AC)
Components:
Serial No Component Name Rating Quantity

1 Resistor 5 Ω, 390k Ω, 6.5k Ω, 100 10
Ω,
150k Ω, 470 Ω, 4 kΩ,
4 kΩ, 1 MΩ, 2 MΩ
2 DC Source 15V,5V,5V 3
3 AC Power 120 V 1
4 Transistor 2N7000 7
5 Capacitor 2.2 µF, 2.2 µF ,1uF 3
6 Oscilloscope - 1
7 Connecting Wires - -
8 NI Multisim 14.0 - -
9 Breadboard - -
Simulation and Results:
Part A:
Figure: 4
Simulation-1: Drain characteristic curve for DC analysis of a MOSFET based on analog

amplifier.
Simulation-2: Transfer characteristic curve for DC analysis of a MOSFET based on analog
amplifier.
Figure:5 MOSFET amplifier (AC)
Table 1: Specification of DC operating point

VD VG VS VDS=VD-VS VGS=VG-VS Operating Region
14.01 7.07 5.51 8.5 1.56 Saturation

Part B:
Figure: 6 MOSFET amplifier (AC)
Table 2: Specification of interactive simulation
Vin (Peak) Vout (Peak) Gain=Vout/Vin Phase Comment

Channel A Channel B difference
140 9 0.06 180 Gain is

reduced
Simulation-3: Output curve for AC analysis of analog amplifier.

Exercise Circuit
DC analysis:
Fig:7 MOSFET amplifier.
Table: Specification of DC operating point
VD VG VS VDS=VD- VGS=VG- Operating Region

VS VS
10.06 4.17 2.1 8.54 2.65 Saturation
Exercise Circuit
AC analysis:
Fig: MOSFET amplifier.

Simulation-4: Output curve for AC analysis of analog amplifier.
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we did DC analysis of a MOSFET based on analog amplifier and AC analysis of analog
amplifiers. We used the application ‘NI Multisim 14.0’ to complete the experiment. We got our outputs and
results accurately. The result and our understanding would have been better if we could do this experiment
practically.
References:
I. Sedra, A. S., & Smith, K. C. (2010). Microelectronic circuits. New York: Oxford University Press.
II. Lab class.
III. Lab manual.

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AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH

Experiment Number: 01 Due Date: 23 October 2022 Semester: Fall 2022-23

Subject Code: EEE2210 Subject Name: Analog Electronics Lab Section: A

Course Instructor: Raja Rashidul Hasan Degree Program: EEE

Group Number (if applicable): 01 Group Submission

No. Student Name Student ID Student Signature Date

2 MD. Shoaib Khan Chowdhury 20-43731-2

Total Marks: Marks Obtained:

Theory and Methodology:

𝑣𝑜 (𝑡) = 𝐴𝑣 𝑣𝑖 (𝑡) …………… [2]

The power gain of the amplifier in Fig. 3 is defined as

The current gain of the amplifier is defined as

From Equation. [2] to [4] we note that

Voltage gain in decibels = 20 log|𝐴𝑣 | dB ………………………[6]

Current gain in decibels = 20 log|𝐴𝑖 | dB ……………………….[7]

Power gain in decibels = 10 log|𝐴𝑃 | dB ………………………[8]

Figure 4: Typical magnitude response of an amplifier

In analyzing frequency response of an amplifier circuit, single-time-constant (STC) networks will

Figure-1: Basic NMOS circuit

Figure 2: MOSFET amplifier (AC)

Serial No Component Name Rating Quantity

Simulation-1: Drain characteristic curve for DC analysis of a MOSFET based on analog

Figure:5 MOSFET amplifier (AC)

Table 1: Specification of DC operating point

14.01 7.07 5.51 8.5 1.56 Saturation

Figure: 6 MOSFET amplifier (AC)

Table 2: Specification of interactive simulation

Vin (Peak) Vout (Peak) Gain=Vout/Vin Phase Comment

140 9 0.06 180 Gain is

Simulation-3: Output curve for AC analysis of analog amplifier.

Fig:7 MOSFET amplifier.

Table: Specification of DC operating point

VD VG VS VDS=VD- VGS=VG- Operating Region

10.06 4.17 2.1 8.54 2.65 Saturation

Fig: MOSFET amplifier.

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