stenography
stenography
stenography
Shorthand writing is a system of quick writing that involves using symbols and
abbreviations instead of full words or phrases in order to reduce the amount of time
needed to write down specific information.
Shorthand essentially uses abbreviated symbols to increase the speed of writing and
create a concise and memorable summary of information. Many people already use
abbreviations to simplify their writing and increase speed.
You take notes in lectures or seminars, writing down what other people are
saying for future reference.
You make notes from reading books, journals, any form of text.
Principles of shorthand
Purpose of shorthand:
Advantages of shorthand:
Speed and Efficiency: One of the primary advantages of shorthand is its ability to
capture spoken words at a much higher speed than traditional writing. ...
Increased Focus: Shorthand encourages active listening as individuals need to
concentrate on the spoken words to transcribe them efficiently.
A complete sentence must contain subject (noun), verb, capital letters, and
punctuation and finally must make sense. Typically, the subject is a noun or a
pronoun. And, if there is a subject, there must be a verb because all verbs require a
subject. In a sentence, the object is the thing on which action is being done by the
subject.
Touch typing is typing without looking at the keyboard. The fundamental idea is
that each finger is given its own section of the keyboard and your fingers learn the
location of the keyboard through practicing regularly and gaining muscle memory
to eventually build up speed whilst typing.
Many companies use benchmarking to improve the quality of their products. This
often involves studying their competitors' products to determine how they
outperform similar goods. This can result in improvements to a company's products,
which will ultimately affect customer satisfaction and their bottom line.
Time skill.
Communication technology refers to the tools, systems and platforms that facilitate
the transmission and exchange of information between individuals or groups.
Communication skills:
I. Active listening:
Active listening is a way of listening and responding to another person
that improves mutual understanding. It is an important first step to defuse
the situation and seek solutions to problems. This lesson gives students the
opportunity to identify what active listening is and why it is important in
managing conflicts.
II. Using the right communication method.
Some factors to consider when choosing a communication tool:
Friendly traits like honesty and kindness can help foster trust and understanding
when communicating at work and inside everyone's family. Try to communicate
with a positive attitude, keep an open mind and ask questions to help you
understand where others are coming from.
IV. Confidence.
Confident communication is the ability to speak and act with certainty. It can help
you build strong relationships, be more persuasive, and achieve your goals.
V. Sharing feedback.
You can give feedback on communication orally or nonverbally, in writing, through
written remarks, facial expressions, or body language. While negative feedback
may be used to pinpoint areas for growth, positive feedback is frequently utilized to
support and encourage effective communication.
VI. Volume and tone.
Voice volume refers to how loud or soft a speaker's voice level is. Voice tone,
refers to how your voice is heard and the meaning that is interpreted from others,
beyond just the spoken word. Using the appropriate volume and tone, can make a
big difference in how someone is perceived by others.
VII. Empathy.
Empathy in communication is the ability to understand and share the feelings of
another person. It involves actively listening to your audience, acknowledging their
emotions, and responding in a way that shows you care about them as individuals
VIII. Respect.
Respectful communication is a way of expressing yourself and listening to others
that shows respect for their feelings, opinions, and perspectives. It involves being
clear, honest, and polite, and avoiding language that is rude, aggressive, or
judgmental.
Although problem-solving is a skill in its own right, a subset of seven skills can
help make the process of problem-solving easier. These include analysis,
communication, emotional intelligence, resilience, creativity, adaptability, and
teamwork.
Time skill.
Communication technology refers to the tools, systems and platforms that facilitate
the transmission and exchange of information between individuals or groups.
Social media platforms allow people to create personal pages, post profile images
and updates on their lives, and create a friend list of people who can see your
updates.
The first social media platform was 6 Degrees, which was launched in 1997.
MySpace was launched in 2003 and became the first mainstream social media
platform. It was the most popular social media platform in the world between 2005
to 2008.
Facebook took over from MySpace as the most used social media platform and
remains used by billions around the world today.
Blogs are personal websites where people can publish or ‘log’ information for
others with an internet connection to read – all around the globe.
A blog is usually a personal website where someone shares regular long-form posts
about their lives or hobbies. More professional or commercialized blogs are run by
media organizations, companies seeking publicity, or professional bloggers who
monetize through advertising or affiliate marketing.
The first blog was written in 1994 on the website links.net by Justin Hall. Justin
didn’t call it a blog at the time, but it had all the features of a blog.
The term ‘weblog’ was invented in 1997 by Jorn Barger. The word was a
shortening of the phrase “logging the web”.
In 1999, weblog was shortened to ‘blog’ by Peter Merholz. Then, by 2004, ‘blog’
became the Merriam-Webster word of the year!
3. Vlogs
Vlogs are “video logs”. They emerged as an extension of blogging after increased
bandwidths enabled regular people to post video online.
The typical vlog style involves the vlogger using a handheld camera or camera on
their computer monitor to record themselves speaking. Some vlogs, however, are
high production with complex graphics and recording teams.
The first vlog was published in 2000 when Adam Kontras posted a video on his
blog for his family and friends to view.
6. Group Wikis
A wiki is a website where anyone can edit and add content. The most famous wiki
is, of course, Wikipedia.
The collective knowledge that is stored on Wikis can be accessed at ease by all
users, allowing the creation of a ‘hive mind’. Hive minds are knowledge or
information stored and accessed by a community of people.
7. Group Forums
A group forum allows people to post questions and answers for others to respond to.
Many forums are sorted by topics, such as Reddit, which allows people with shared
interests to communicate with one another.
Group forums are also commonly used in education where online schools have
students respond to a stimulus question each week.
Another benefit of forums is that people can reply to each others’ comments to
create a long-form conversation between individuals online. The full conversation is
recorded in comments and replies, leaving a paper trail of conversations which can
be great for tracking the progress of the group’s thinking.
8. Tablet Computers
The sleek, modern tablet computers that we enjoy today emerged as a new
technological innocation around 2008-2010 with the emergence of big players like
Android and Apple into the tablet computer market.
The emergence of tablet computers was made possible by technological advances
that saw the requisite technologies both compact and cheap enough for the mass
market.
Key challenges included creating small and affordable touch screen technology and
compact long life battery packs.
Tablets are now widely used as a portable device that fits in the market between a
smartphone that’s carried in the pocket and a laptop that usually requires its own
bag. Tablets easily fit into carry bags, are sufficiently lightweight for carefree
travel, and are powerful enough to make video phone calls, take photos, and carry
out light personal computing tasks.
9. Podcasts
Podcasts are packets of audio information that can be uploaded and stored on cloud
technology ready for anyone to download and listen to at-will. A podcast can be
automatically downloaded onto a smartphone through RSS feeds so that fans of a
podcast series can get the latest episodes at-will.
Podcasting has also given people the chance to access audio of their favorite topics
from around the globe. Whereas radio tends to appeal to the widest possible
audience in a specific geographical location (where it is transmitted), podcasts tend
to appeal to a dispersed community of people interested in specific topics, such as
‘true crime’, ‘politics’, or ‘comedy’.
technologies in this list (see for example: blogs). While once communicating
messages to large audiences was restricted to the powerful, now we can all share
our message from behind our computer screens.
Smart speakers are computerized personal assistants placed around offices and
homes in order to help people complete tasks hands-free. They are usually activated
using a hot word, like ‘Hey Computer’ or ‘OK Google’. Smart speakers can hear
people from distances, allowing people to use the speakers while still going about
their business.
Once activated by a hot word, the user asks the device questions or provides voice
commands such as ‘turn out the lights’, ‘add this to the shopping list’ or ‘play a
song’.
Furthermore, smart speakers can be hooked into phone lines and internet lines to
allow people to ask search engine questions via voice command or make phone
calls while going about their daily lives.
While web chat has been around since the early days of the internet, it has
experienced resurgence in recent years for business to consumer (B2C)
communication.
Early web chat software included MSN messenger which was embraced by
adolescents and young adults as a way of chatting with friends during the early
2000s. With the rise of Facebook and Facebook messenger, MSN messenger
declined and was disbanded in 2012.
Smartphone apps have made web chat an increasingly popular form of instant
communication between friends.
However, it has also recently been used by companies as a means of offering “web
chat support” to customers seeking help with their products. Web chat support for
business to consumer interactions is a viable alternative to phone helpline support.
It enables customers to go about their daily lives and get a notification whenever the
support team has a new piece of information, rather than waiting on hold on the
phone.
13. Email
While email has been around since at least the 1970s, it makes this list because of
its continuing relevance in the 21st Century.
Email in fact outdates the internet by several decades. Early emails were sent via
closed-circuit LAN networks in government and university databases. The first
email using the ‘@’ symbol to direct the message to the correct servers was used in
1971!
Perhaps most emblematic of email’s increased relevance to our lives is the growing
rate of ‘paperless billing’. Whereas once we would have received bills via post,
most business to consumer (B2C) billing and invoicing is done via email today.
Email has also rendered alternatives like Fax almost irrelevant in the 21st Century .
Research skills
Research skills refer to the ability to search for locate, extract, organize,
evaluate and use or present information that is relevant to a particular topic.
Steps:
Characteristics of Research
A research strategy is a plan that guides your research activities and helps you
achieve your research goals. Developing a research strategy can help you clarify
your research question, identify your sources, organize your data, and communicate
your findings.
But to qualify as good research, the process must have certain characteristics and
properties: it must, as far as possible, be controlled, rigorous, systematic, valid and
verifiable, empirical and critical.
It must address the gap in knowledge. It must be significant to the extent that it
contributes positively to the research. It must help in further research. The collected
empirical data confirm the clarity and understandability of the research problem.
Planning is like a roadmap that guides you how to complete a task. Good
planning/organizing skills give you the ability to get things done in a more
structured way. You have more control over the tasks and time available to
implement them, and can organize yourself and others better in order to be more
effective and consistent in achieving the set goals. How can you personally and
professionally benefit from effective planning?
● Planning makes controlling easier – Planning does not only mean thinking about
the future but also acting upon it. With planning, you identify effective ways for
attaining set goals. These effective ways for planning can be determined by
forecasting
Planning enables creativity and innovation – Planning enables identifying the best
alternatives out of many options and encourages you to put effort into discovering
new ideas that support your goals and objectives.
● Planning provides direction – The planning process clearly defines and maps out
the guidelines for ensuring smooth operations and activities in order to achieve set
objectives.
EISENHOWER MATRIXES
Eisenhower Matrix is a very simple, yet effective tool for prioritizing your personal
and professional activities based on the level of their urgency and importance.
Using this tool, you will be able to identify activities that you should focus on, as
well as activities you should ignore. First, let us see the difference between tasks
that are urgent and those that are important.
We are easily diverted into responding to the urgent matters and postponing the
important ones if we are not clear what goals/results we want to achieve. According
to the Eisenhower Matrix, you can manage your time in 4 different ways (4
quadrants). What kind of activities fall into each quadrant based on their urgency
and importance:
because you could not predict them or physical and mental health)
because you left them until the last
minute. Do them now! Activities that contribute to your long
and mid-term goals. Typically, they are
not pressing for attention, so you often
neglect them to deal with urgent issues.
Plan them well!
III. URGENT BUT NOT IV. NOT URGENT AND NOT
IMPORTANT – IMPORTANT -
INTERRUPTIONS DISTRACTIONS
ACTIVITIES: ACTIVITIES:
Interruptions Trivia, busy work
Some calls, emails and reports Irrelevant email (spams)
Regular meetings Personal phone calls
Requests form others Social media
Tasks that »we have always done Unproductive meetings
this way« and are ineffective Time wasters (blindly surfing on
Popular activities the internet, sitting in front of
Activities that are urgent because of the TV...)
expectations of others, but they do not Pleasant activities These
contribute to fulfillment of your goals. activities are distracting you from
Delegate them! doing things that matter. Forget
about
These activities are distracting you from
doing things that matter. Forget about
them!
A properly designed workstation should allow the worker to maintain a correct and
comfortable body posture. There are a number of ergonomic factors to consider
when designing a workstation, including head height, shoulder height, arm reach,
elbow height, hand height, leg length, and hand and body size.
physical,
cognitive, and
Organizational.
Each of these differently affects how people interact with their environment,
contributing to how effective they are in their work.
Ergonomic risk factors are workplace situations that cause wear and tear on the
body and can cause injury. These include repetition, awkward posture, forceful
motion, stationary position, direct pressure, vibration, extreme temperature, noise,
and work stress.
The goal of ergonomics (i.e. the scientific study of people at work) is to prevent soft
tissue injuries and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by sudden or sustained
exposure to force, vibration, repetitive motion, and awkward posture.
Documentation