Soil Samples

ANALYSIS OF SOIL
SAMPLES
INDEX
S.no Topic Pg.no
1 Introduction 1
2 Experiment 1 2
3 Experiment 2 3
4 Experiment 3 4
5 Experiment 4 6
6 Conclusion 10
OBJECTIVE:
To analyse the soil sample from different places.
INTRODUCTION:
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids,
and organisms that together support life. Soil functions as a
major component of the Earth's ecosystem. Soil acts as an
engineering medium, a habitat for soil organisms, a recycling
system for nutrients and organic wastes, a regulator of water
quality, a modifier of atmospheric composition, and a
medium for plant growth, making it a critically important
provider of ecosystem services.
Since soil has a tremendous range of available niches

and habitats, it contains a prominent part of the Earth's
genetic diversity. Soil reactivity is expressed in terms of pH
and is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. More
precisely, it is a measure of hydronium concentration in an
aqueous solution and ranges in values from 0 to 14 (acidic to
basic) but practically speaking for soils, pH ranges from
3.5 to 9.5, as pH values beyond those extremes are toxic to life
forms.
EXPERIMENT 1
AIM:
To study soil samples from two different sites and analyse
their pH.
PROCEDURE:
 Take the collected soils into two different beakers
containing water. Mix the test tubes with the soil
solution slowly.
 Now into a clean and dried two test-tube, arrange a
funnelspread covered with a filter paper.
 Now gently pour the soil solutions into the test tubes
separately.
 Let the water to completely filter off from the filter paper.
 Take the collected filtrates (soil) into the two different test
tubesfor testing the pH values.
 With the help of a dropper, add a few drops of
universal indicator solution to both the test tubes.
OBSERVATION:
When the universal pH indicator is added to the test
tube containing the soil solution, the colour changes. These
colour changes can be tracked using the pH colour chart.
Roadside soil has a pH level of 7 while garden soil has a pH
level of 6. Most crops grow between pH levels of 6.0 and 7.0.
EXPERIMENT 2
AIM: To test the presence of calcium, carbonate and
phosphate ion in soil.
PROCEDURE:
1) To a few drops of original soil solution add ammonium
chloride a pinch and dissolve it. Then add ammonium
hydroxide 1ml and ammonium carbonate results in the
formation of white precipitate. Dissolve white precipitate in
acetic acid. Add few drops of ammonium oxalate to above
solution. Results in the formation of white precipitate
(calcium oxalate).
OBSERVATION: Formation of white precipitate indicate the
presence of calcium ion.
2) To 10 ml of filtrate add a few drops of conc.H2SO4 and heat.
OBSERVATION: Evolution of effervescence indicates the
presence of carbonates.
3) To 10 ml of filtrate add few drops each of ammonium
molybdate, nitricacid, and ammonium nitrate.
OBSERVATION: Appearance of yellow colour indicates the
presence of phosphates.
EXPERIMENT 3
AIM: To test the presence of aluminum ion, nitrate ion,

sulphate ion and chloride ion in soil.
PROCEDURE:
1) To a few drops of original soil solution add a pinch of

ammonium chloride and dissolve it. Then add ammonium
hydroxide results in the formation of gelatinous white
precipitate. Divide the precipitate containing solution into
two equal volumes. Reduce the precipitate by adding dil.
HCl and two drops of blue litmus solution results in
formation of red colour. Then add ammonium hydroxide
results in
OBSERVATION: The formation of floating blue precipitate. This

indicates the presence of aluminum ion.
2) Brown ring test: To a few drops of extract dilute
sulphuric acid is added until the effervescence ceases,
then freshly prepared FeSO4 is added. Concentrated
sulphuric acid is added drop by drop along the sides of
the test tube.
OBSERVATION: Formation of brown ring indicate the presence

of nitrate ion.
3) To 20 ml of filtrate add 2-3 ml of conc. HCl and boil. Cool

and add barium chloride in to it.
OBSERVATION: Appearance of white precipitate indicates the

presence of sulphates.
4) To 20 ml of filtrate add 10ml of N/10 H2SO4 to

neutralize carbonates and bicarbonates. Add
AgNO3 to it.
OBSERVATION: Appearance of white precipitate shows the

presence of chloride.
EXPERIMENT 4
AIM: To determine the texture of soil.
PROCEDURE:
 Collect a soil sample Dig 6 holes about 20 cm deep in

different spots spread out over the garden and collect
some soil.
 Run the test Find a transparent jar with a lid. Tall and
narrow will make reading results easier.
 Put the collected sand in the bottle and add some
water to it. Shake it well and leave it undisturbed for
few hours.
 Analyze results. You’ll notice the different layers that
formed in the jar.
 Determine the texture of your soil.
OBSERVATION:
CONCLUSION:
Soil analysis is crucial for enhancing the quality and/or

quantity as well as soil management efficiency. Organic
matter such as organisms and dead plant matter make
healthy top soil .We should stop cutting trees or by planting
more trees to make up for the ones being cut down.
The non-living components of the earth's abiotic

environment, or physical environment, include air, water,
and soil. The outermost section of the earth's crust on
which we live, work, and grow foodcrops is known as soil.
 Soil offers all of the mineral nutrients, anchoring, and

water that plants and animals require for growth and
development.
 The soil is where plants grow. Plants provide
nourishment to all creatures, whether directly or
indirectly.
 As a result, both plants and animals rely on soil for
nutrition. The man also uses earth to make bricks,
pottery, and porcelain, among other things.
“Family is the soil in which we grow the next generation”

BIBLIOGRAPHY :
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/soil-analysis
https://skaaukamp.weebly.com/analysis--conclusion.html
https://skaaukamp.weebly.com/analysis.html

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ANALYSIS OF SOIL

S.no Topic Pg.no

Since soil has a tremendous range of available niches

AIM: To test the presence of aluminum ion, nitrate ion,

1) To a few drops of original soil solution add a pinch of

OBSERVATION: The formation of floating blue precipitate. This

OBSERVATION: Formation of brown ring indicate the presence

3) To 20 ml of filtrate add 2-3 ml of conc. HCl and boil. Cool

OBSERVATION: Appearance of white precipitate indicates the

4) To 20 ml of filtrate add 10ml of N/10 H2SO4 to

OBSERVATION: Appearance of white precipitate shows the

 Collect a soil sample Dig 6 holes about 20 cm deep in

 Determine the texture of your soil.

Soil analysis is crucial for enhancing the quality and/or

The non-living components of the earth's abiotic

 Soil offers all of the mineral nutrients, anchoring, and

“Family is the soil in which we grow the next generation”

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