Ch1 - Intro To MLS

MLT419 Introduction to Laboratory Medicine
Norhisham Haron, PhD

Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies
Faculty of Health Sciences
UiTM Selangor Puncak Alam Campus
 Define and identify the different classification of medical
laboratories.
 Discuss the organization of a typical hospital laboratory.
 Describe the structure and role of medical laboratory services.
 Identify the role of medical laboratory technologist.
 State the laboratory rules, ethics, professional code of conduct and
policies.
Equipped with biomedical
instruments and reagents; perform
different laboratory tests; using
biological specimens.
1. Basic laboratory level I: work with organisms which have
low risk to the laboratory and community.
2. Basic laboratory level II: work with organisms that
predispose to moderate risk to the laboratory worker and a
limited risk to the community.
3. Containment laboratory (Level III): work with infectious
organisms that present a high risk to the laboratory
personnel but a lower risk to the community.
4. Maximum containment laboratory: work with viruses,
which predispose to a high risk for both laboratory
personnel and the community.
 Despite its global spread, the reported mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 ranging from
0.13% to 6.22% is considerably less than that of other Risk Group 4 agents
including Ebola and Marburg viruses with fatality rates as high as 90%.
 All recommendations published by international and national health agencies
(including the WHO and CDC), have assigned SARS-CoV-2 as a Risk Group 3
organism.
Reference:
Kaufer, A. M., Theis, T., Lau, K. A., Gray, J. L., & Rawlinson, W. D. (2020). Laboratory biosafety measures
involving SARS-CoV-2 and the classification as a Risk Group 3 biological agent. Pathology, 52(7), 790–795.
In a single medical laboratory at least there
are TWO interlocking components of
organizations. These are laboratory head and
other staff having their own duties and
responsibilities.
 Laboratory Director
 Laboratory Manager/Technical Supervisor
 General Supervisor/Department Head
 Testing Personnel
A laboratory professional
is a person who performs
laboratory testing on
blood, urine, faeces,
spinal fluid and other
body fluids.
 Medical Laboratory Scientist:
1. Bachelor degree in Medical Lab. Technology
2. Bachelor degree in Biomedical Science
 Medical Laboratory Technologist:

1. Diploma in Medical Lab. Technology
 ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSION ACT 2016
An Act to provide for the establishment of the Malaysian Allied Health Professions
Council, the registration of the allied health practitioners, the regulation and control
of the practice of the allied health professions and for related matters.
 The AHP Act primarily it is to protect:
1. the profession from a person who is unqualified to practice and whose action
will be detrimental to the profession’s dignity.
2. the public from unqualified and bogus practitioner and abuse of knowledge and
unprofessional conduct by legitimate practitioner.
3. the health & medical industry by improving and raising the standard of the
profession and the service delivery.
Hematology
Chemical
Microbiology
Pathology
Pathology
Department
Histo
Blood Bank
pathology
Cytology
 A voluntary process by which an independent agency grants recognition to
institutions or programs that meet or exceed established standards of quality.
 Accredited laboratory: competent and has quality in the work performed by
qualified and trained personnel in accordance with the approved and documented
protocols or procedures.
 Accreditation body: Department of Standard Malaysia
 All duties and functions are governed by the Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 (Act
549) under the National Laboratory Accreditation Scheme of Malaysia (SAMM).
1. Community based primary health care laboratory
2. District hospital laboratory
3. Regional hospital laboratory
4. Central and public health laboratory
 Pivotal role in the promotion, curative and preventive aspects of a nation’s health
delivery system.
 Gives a scientific foundation by providing accurate information.
Without reliable laboratory services:

1. The source of a disease may not be identified correctly.
2. Patients are less likely to receive the best possible care.
3. Resistance to essential drugs may develop and continue to spread.
4. Epidemic diseases may not be identified on time and with confidence.
Some of the major roles of medical laboratory technologist are to:
1. Carry out routine and advanced laboratory tests using standard laboratory
methods
2. Apply problem-solving strategies to administrative, technical and research
problems
3. Conduct community – based researches in collaboration with other categories of
health professionals
4. Provide professional consultancy on matters related to the establishment,
renovation, upgrading and reorganization of medical laboratories of
intermediate levels.
1. Medical laboratory request form
2. Keeping of laboratory records
3. Delivery of laboratory results
 Code of conduct of MLT:
1. Maintain and promote standards of excellence in performing and advancing the
art and science profession
2. Preserve the dignity and privacy of patients
3. Uphold and maintain the dignity and respect of the profession
4. Contribute to the general well-being of the community
5. Actively demonstrate commitment to the responsibilities throughout professional
life
Decisions to enable a laboratory to operate reliably and
effectively in harmony with other departments.
1. Laboratory hour and emergency work
2. Range of tests to be performed and those to be referred
to higher level
3. Collection of laboratory specimen
4. Workload capacity of a laboratory
 Malaysian Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences (MIMLS)

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MLT419 Introduction to Laboratory Medicine

Norhisham Haron, PhD

 Medical Laboratory Technologist:

Without reliable laboratory services:

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