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    Antiviral Drugs.

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    Wa Wie
    The document discusses the challenges of developing antiviral drugs. There are two main reasons for the limited number of antiviral drugs: 1) compounds that interfere with virus growth can also harm host cells, causing side effects, and 2) many medically important viruses cannot be easily studied or grown in laboratories. Resistance to antiviral drugs occurs because of the high mutation rates of RNA viruses, which can lead to mutations that make the drugs ineffective.

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    Antiviral Drugs.

    Uploaded by

    Wa Wie
    20 views2 pages
    The document discusses the challenges of developing antiviral drugs. There are two main reasons for the limited number of antiviral drugs: 1) compounds that interfere with virus growth can also harm host cells, causing side effects, and 2) many medically important viruses cannot be easily studied or grown in laboratories. Resistance to antiviral drugs occurs because of the high mutation rates of RNA viruses, which can lead to mutations that make the drugs ineffective.

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    The document discusses the challenges of developing antiviral drugs. There are two main reasons for the limited number of antiviral drugs: 1) compounds that interfere with virus growth can also harm host cells, causing side effects, and 2) many medically important viruses cannot be easily studied or grown in laboratories. Resistance to antiviral drugs occurs because of the high mutation rates of RNA viruses, which can lead to mutations that make the drugs ineffective.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views2 pages

    Antiviral Drugs.

    Uploaded by

    Wa Wie
    The document discusses the challenges of developing antiviral drugs. There are two main reasons for the limited number of antiviral drugs: 1) compounds that interfere with virus growth can also harm host cells, causing side effects, and 2) many medically important viruses cannot be easily studied or grown in laboratories. Resistance to antiviral drugs occurs because of the high mutation rates of RNA viruses, which can lead to mutations that make the drugs ineffective.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Antiviral Drugs: Discovery and Resistance Vincent Racaniello Consequently, our second arm of antiviral defense has been

    the development and use of antiviral drugs - they can stop an infection once it has started. Two reasons why we have so few antiviral drugs: 1. Compounds interfering with virus growth can adversely affect the host cell Side effects are common Every step in viral life cycle engages host functions 2. Many medically important viruses are dangerous, cant be tested in model systems, or cant be propagated Difficult or impossible to grow in the laboratory: (e.g., hepatitis B and C, papilloma viruses), Have no available animal model of human disease: (e.g., smallpox virus, HIV, measles virus). Will kill investigators who arent careful (e.g., Ebola virus, Lassa fever virus, Smallpox virus) Historical perspective Why does resistance to antiviral drugs occur? Given a typical RNA viral genome of 10 kb, a mutation frequency of 1 in 105 nucleotides polymerized results in about one mutation per 10 genomes A 1 in 104 error rate corresponds to an average of one mutation in every replicated genome.

    An antifungal medication is a medication used to treat fungal infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription or purchased over-thecounter. A polyene is a molecule with multiple conjugated double bonds. A polyene antifungal is a macrocyclic polyene with a heavily hydroxylated region on the ring opposite the conjugated system. This makes polyene antifungals amphiphilic. The polyene antimycotics bind with sterols in the fungal cell membrane, principally ergosterol.
    Amphotericin B Candicidin Filipin - 35 carbons, binds to cholesterol (toxic) Hamycin Natamycin - 33 carbons, binds well to ergosterol Nystatin Rimocidin Imidazole, triazole, and thiazole antifungals

    Imidazoles Canesten (clotrimazole) antifungal cream

    Bifonazole Butoconazole Clotrimazole Econazole Fenticonazole Isoconazole Ketoconazole Miconazole Omoconazole Oxiconazole Sertaconazole Sulconazole Tioconazole ] Triazoles Albaconazole Fluconazole Isavuconazole Itraconazole Posaconazole Ravuconazole Terconazole Voriconazole Abafungin

    Allylamines Allylamines inhibit squalene epoxidase, another enzyme required for ergosterol synthesis:

    Amorolfin Butenafine Naftifine Terbinafine

    Echinocandins Echinocandins may be used for systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, they inhibit the synthesis of glucan in the cell wall via the enzyme 1,3- glucan synthase:

    Anidulafungin

    Caspofungin Micafungin

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