이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

My collocations/phrases
 many = numerous = several
 MANY = countless = innumerable
 enough = sufficient = adequate (≠ insufficient, inadequate)
 to have a (positive/significant/(widespread) negative/adverse) effect on sth
 to have a major/minor influence on sth
 … skills can have profound effects on = ‫اثر عمیق‬
 to have implications beyond sth = ‫پیامدی فرای (بیشتر) چیزی داشتن‬
 the widespread use of sth = ‫استفاده گسترده از چیزی‬
 to (face/encounter) a problem
.‫) نمی آید‬with( ‫ همراه با حرف اضافه‬face ‫ فعل‬
 to (cause / bring about / pose ) (major / serious) problems
 from/at an early age
 Thus, Therefore, Consequently, As a result, ....
 Since …./ Due to the fact that …. ‫از آنجایی که‬
 As a result of …. / Owing to …./ in turn… ‫به خاطر‬
 lead to / result in/ bring about/ give rise to ….‫منجر می شود به‬
 succeed (v.) / success (n.) / successful (adj.)
 depression= ‫ افسردگی‬/ to become depressed =‫افسرده شدن‬
 bankruptcy= ‫ ورشکستگی‬/ to go bankrupt= ‫ورشکست شدن‬
 Moreover, Furthermore, Besides, …
 employ = recruit
 unemployed = ‫بیکار‬
 unemployment rate = ‫نرخ بیکاری‬
 employment crisis = ‫بحران استخدام‬
 to be able/unable to do sth
 inability to do something= ‫ناتوانی در انجام کاری‬
 economic recession = economic downturn = economic depression ‫رکود اقتصادی‬
 to have a (positive/negative) attitude towards sth = ‫ یا – نسبت به موضوعی‬+ ‫دید و رویکرد‬
 elderly =‫سالمند‬
 to (boost/reduce) the (quality/efficiency) of sth

1
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 to be (unwilling = reluctant) to do sth=‫بی میل به انجام کاری بودن‬

 to be willing to do sth= ‫مایل به انجام کاری بودن‬
 (poor/high) quality
 to be unaware of sth = to be oblivious to sth=‫بی اطالع بودن از چیزی‬
 to raise (public/environmental/social) awareness about sth= ‫آگاهی عمومی را در موضوعی باال بردن‬
 A vast number of … = A growing number of ….=‫ تعداد روزافزونی از‬،‫بسیاری‬
 the consequences of sth ‫عواقب چیزی‬
 From a/an (educational/environmental/cultural/social/economic, industrial)
(perspective/standpoint/viewpoint), ….
 to be a threat to sth= ‫تهدیدی برای چیزی بودن‬
 to find it …..(adj.) to do sth
 to play a vital role in sth= ‫نقش حیاتی در چیزی ایفا کردن‬
 to be a decisive factor in sth= ‫عامل تعیین کننده در چیزی‬
 to be a key principle in sth
 (skilled/unskilled, experienced/inexperienced) workforce
 to be (highly) beneficial to sb/sth = ‫مفید بودن چیزی‬
 to provide sb with sth = ‫چیزی را برای کسی فراهم کردن‬
 basic needs = ‫مایحتاج اولیه زندگی‬
 to have (unlimited/limited/instant/easy) access to sth
 to be deprived of sth = ‫از چیزی محروم بودن‬
 to ban sth
 the suburbs ‫حومه شهر‬
 to undertake (great) responsibilities= ‫مسئولیت های (بزرگ) به عهده گرفتن‬
 to facilitate sth = ‫کاری را تسهیل یا ساده کردن‬
 compared with
 peer = ‫همنوع‬
 to compel sb to do sth = to force sb to do sth
 to be prone to sth = ‫در معرض خطر یا چیز بدی بودن‬
 to benefit from sth = ‫از چیزی بهره بردن‬
 to be (familiar/unfamiliar) with sth: ‫برای افراد استفاده نمیشود‬

2
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 to be (more/less) likely to = ...‫بیشتریا کمتر احتمال دارد که‬

For example, researchers have shown that children were less likely to make errors while
searching for hidden objects.

 Research findings confirm that …

 Confirmed by reliable evidence, it is a fact that ...

‫ غیرقابل شمارش است‬evidence ‫کلمه‬

 Confirmed by research findings, it is a fact that ...

 in the long run = ‫در بلند مدت‬

(‫ صفت هست‬long-term( ‫همیشه آخر جمله می آید‬

3
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

City and Village

 Urbanization‫شهرنشینی‬
 urban areas
 the suburbs
 job opportunity = employment possibility
 in search of … )‫ بر خالف فارسی‬،‫درجستحوی (آخر جمله استفاده می شود‬
 relaxed atmosphere = ‫فضای آرام بخش‬
 (high/low) standard of living (life) = ‫پایین زندگی‬/‫کیفیت باال‬
 the cost of living
 amenities/ basic or local amenities
 deprived areas= ‫مناطق محروم‬
 to adapt to sth = ‫با چیزی منطبق شدن‬
 raise / bring up = )‫بزرگ کردن (بار تربیتی دارد‬
 grow = )‫بزرگ شدن (رشد فیزیکی‬

 to fail to do sth = ‫در انجام کاری ناموفق بودن‬

‫ میشه استفاده کرد‬unable ‫ و‬cannot ‫بجای‬

 decent work = ‫شغل آبرومندانه‬

 polluted
 congested = ‫شلوغ و متراکم‬
 heavily populated
 escalate = ‫افزایش یافتن‬
 automated life = machine-driven life
 healthcare system

4
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 to suffer from overcrowding = ‫از شلوغی رنج بردن‬

 fast pace of life = ‫ریتم سریع زندگی‬
 close-knit = )‫همبستگی (صفت‬
 city dwellers
 unspoiled countryside = ‫حومه شهر زیبا و بکر‬
 tranquil = relaxing (tranquil music, tranquil nature, …)
 inner city = ‫جاهای بد شهر که فقیر هست و جرم و جنایت باالست‬
 to be at risk = ‫در خطر بودن‬
 upmarket shops = ‫فروشگاه های لوکس و گران‬
 fancy = ‫لوکس و سطح باال‬
 lively = ‫ محله بسیار پر رفت آمد‬/ ‫شخص بسیار پرانرژی‬
 bustling = ‫جایی که بسیار شلوغ است‬
 to be within walking distance of … =close to ‫در نزدیکی چیزی یا جایی بودن‬
 to be surrounded by sth
 skyscraper
 living room
 tasteful = ‫با سلیقه‬
 tasty = ‫خوشمزه‬
 to spend some quality time with sb = ‫اوقات خوشی را با کسی سپری کردن‬
 to overlook = ‫دید به جایی داشتن‬
 bedroom
 to wind down = ‫ریلکس کردن‬
 specious
 to make a room for sth = ‫برای چیزی جا باز کردن‬
 kitchen
 well-equipped= ‫مجهز‬
 a wide variety of … = ..‫تنوع گسترده ای از‬
 tight schedule: a small amount of time to do something

5
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

Advertising

 to attract attention to sth

 eye-catching
 in order to = so as to
 manipulate = ‫گول زدن‬
 (electrical/industrial/agricultural) goods
 to enter foreign markets
 to comply with international standards
 to influence
 to encourage sb to do sth
 to think out of the box = ‫خالقانه فکر کردن‬

6
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

Crimes

 to commit a crime
 to raise the public awareness about sth
 to turn to crime
 to impose (hefty) fines on sth
 to cut down trees
 to break down the law
 to discourage sb from doing sth
 to severely punish sb
 to execute
 Juvenile delinquency = ‫بزهکاری در سنین پایین‬
 to enforce strict laws
 to encourage violence= ‫ترغیب به خشونت‬
 to act as a deterrent = ‫نقش باز دارنده ایفا کردن‬

7
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

Jobs and Education

 to obtain higher qualifications = ‫مدارج علمی باالتر کسب کردن‬

 to provide training for sb = ‫دوره آمادگی یا آموزشی ارائه کردن‬
 to serve as an apprentice = ‫کار به عنوان کارآموز‬
 to become familiar with sth
 career prospects = ‫احتمال پیشرفت در یک شغل‬
 to be responsible for sth= cause

The floods were responsible for over a hundred deaths.

The progress in technology is responsible for today’s fast pace of life

 to broaden sb’s horizons

 to be too reliant on sth = ‫به چیزی زیاد وابسته بودن‬
 to find accommodation
 to open the door to sth

 to make compulsory sth for sb = ‫چیزی را برای کسی اجباری کردن‬

 pleasant/unpleasant working atmosphere

8
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

The environment

 to be aware of sth
 to threaten the environment
 to damage the environment
 wildlife habitats
 to dump waste = )‫ریختن زباله (معموال صنعتی‬
 to drop litter = )‫ریختن زباله (معموال در خیابان‬
 environmentally friendly = )‫دوستدار محیط زیست (صفت‬
 eco-warrior= someone who takes action in order to stop damage to the environment
 to become extinct= ‫منقرض شدن‬

.‫ صفت هست‬extinct ‫توجه شود که‬

 endangered species
 fossil flues
 fumes = ‫دود‬
 renewable energy
 advancement in science
 biodegradable ≠ non-biodegradable = ‫ناپذیر‬/‫زیست تجدید پذیر‬
 sustainable = ‫چیزی که در محیط زیست بدون ضرر می ماند‬
 form of transport = ‫روش حمل و نقل‬
 to cause irreparable damage to sth = ‫صدمات جبران ناپذیری به چیزی وارد کردن‬
 natural resource

‫ اما اگه همین جنرال ها خاص بشههه‬.‫) نمیاد‬scientists ، society ،technology ،nature( ‫قبل از جنرال ها مثل‬
.‫ می خواد‬the ) ..."‫(مثال "طبیعت شمال" یا "تکنولوژی سامسونگ‬

 to preserve the environment

 to recycle waste
9
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 the community = the society

Personality traits

 Supportive
 to be always there for sb = ‫هوای کسی را داشتن‬
 to run into a problem = ‫با مشکل مواجه شدن‬
 financial issues
 to turn to = ‫به کسی رجوع کردن‬
 Generous
 charity = ‫سازمان خیریه‬
 deprived area
 a sizeable amount of money/number of books (countable/uncountable)
 charismatic = ‫کسی که افراد را به خود جذب می کند‬
 to be (in) the center of attention = ‫در مرکز توجه بودن‬
 to have excellent interpersonal skills = ‫روابط عمومی قوی داشتن‬
 to have a natural ability to do sth
 Trustworthy
 trust ‫حرف اضافه ندارد و به معنای اعتماد کلی است‬
 confide in ‫حرف اضافه دارد و خصوصی ترین مسایل رو در میان گذاشتن هست‬
 sth bad comes up = sth bad happens ‫معموال در مکالمه رایج هست‬
 to consult with sb
 take action = ‫اقدامی را انجام دادن‬
 Humble and modest = ‫متواضع‬
 to brag = ‫پز دادن‬
 achievement
 accomplished = successful
 to look down on sb = ‫به دید تحقیر کسی را نگاه کردن‬
 to look up to sb

10
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

Public transport

 during/at rush hour

 commute
 to be restricted by = ‫محدود بودن به چیزی بودن‬
 it takes ages to = )‫یک عمر طول می کشد (اصطالح‬
 infrequent
 unreliable
 to be likely to do/be sth
 fare
 infrastructure = ‫زیرساخت‬
 source of revenue = ‫منبع درآمد‬
 emission = ‫دود یا بخار‬
 exhaust gas
 to contaminate = ‫آلوده کردن‬

11
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

Jobs

 courageous = brave
 decisive
 diligent
 knowledgeable
 to have strong credentials = ‫مدرک تحصیلی باال داشتن‬
 to have strong work ethics
 fulfilling = ‫شغل ارضا کننده‬
 rewarding = )‫شغلهایی که درآن کار خیر هست و جنبه مادی نداره مثل پرستاری و معلمی(صفت‬
 a good team player =‫شخصی که در کار گروهی قوی است‬
 analytical mind = ‫کسی که ذهن تحلیلگر دارد‬
 to devise cost effective methods = ‫تدوین و طراحی روشهای مقرون به صرفه‬
 on a regular basis = ‫بطور مرتب‬
 on a (daily/weekly/monthly/yearly) basis
 to ensure = ‫اطمینان حاصل کردن‬
 to assure = ‫اطمینان دادن‬
 to comply with safety regulations = ‫استانداردهای ایمنی را رعایت کردن‬
 to meet a deadline
 interpersonal skills
 leadership skills
 to hold a degree in = ... ‫داشتن مدرک دانشگاهی در رشته‬
 to run a business = ‫خودش بیزنس خودش رو داره‬-‫کارمند نبودن‬
 to delegate tasks = ‫وظایف را به کسی محول کردن‬
 to work efficiently = ‫کار با راندمان باال کردن‬
 challenging
 to be good at (in) sth
 tiring = ‫خسته کننده‬
 tedious = ‫کش دار‬-‫کسل کننده‬
 to have a flair for sth = ‫استعداد خاصی برای چیزی داشتن‬
 to have an excellent sense of … = ‫استعداد و شم در چیزی داشتن‬

12
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 to have good observation skills = ‫شخصی که قدرت مشاهد تغییرات دارد‬

 to meet the expectations of sb = ‫توقع کسی را برآورده کردن‬
 demanding = )‫شغل سخت و انرژی بر(صفت‬
 heavy workloads = ‫بار کاری سنگین‬
 disciplined = ‫شخص دقیق و مقرراتی‬
 punctual = ‫فرد وقت شناس‬
 detail oriented = ‫شخصی که جزئیات محور است‬
 X+oriented = ‫محور‬x (goal-oriented, family-oriented, profit-oriented, …)
 X+ -driven = ‫مههحههور‬x (technology-driven, computer-driven, client-driven, machine-
driven…)
 to carry out the duties of your position = ‫به وظایف شغل خود عمل کردن‬
 dignity = ‫احترام و شان باال‬
 a nine-to-five job= ‫یک شغل ساده کارمندی‬
 one of the perks of the job is that …= ... ‫یکی از خوبی های این شغل اینه که‬
 to get a raise = ‫افزایش حقوق گرفتن‬
 to get a promotion
 a dead-end job = ‫شغل بی آخر و عاقبت‬
 to be stuck behind a desk = ‫پشت میز نشینی کردن‬
 sedentary lifestyle = ‫سبک زندگی بدون تحرک‬
 to get stuck in traffic = ‫در ترافیک گیرکردن‬
 self-employed = ‫شغل آزاد‬

13
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

Museums

 building remains = ‫بقایای ساختمان یا بنا‬

 curator = ‫نگهبان‬
 sculpture = ‫مجسمه‬
 work of art = ‫اثر هنر‬
 to be on display = ‫در حال اکران‬
 historical artefact = ‫عتیقه‬
 conserve = ‫نگهداری کردن‬
 to take full advantage of sth = ‫استفاده کامل و بهینه از چیزی کردن‬
 to provide unique learning experience = ‫فراهم کردن یک فرصت آموزشی منحصر بفرد‬
 heritage site = ‫اماکن تاریخی‬
 cultural heritage = ‫میراث فرهنگی‬
 to reflect the lifestyle of
 History repeats itself! = )‫تاریخ تکرار می شود (ضرب المثل‬
 to learn from your mistakes = ‫عبرت گرفتن‬
 to find a sense of identity = ‫حس هویت پیدا کردن‬
 mindset = ‫طرز تفکر‬
 ancestors = ‫اجداد‬
 (gain) valuable life lessons
 to be passed down from = ‫دست به دست منتقل شده‬
 to provide an insight into = ‫دید و دورنما ایجاد کردن‬

14
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

Health & Food

 junk food, unhealthy food

 poor eating habits= ‫عادات غذایی غلط‬

Research shows that most people have very poor eating habits and are not aware of the
health risks.

 a sensible eating plan = ‫رژیم غذایی مناسب‬

 to eat a balanced diet = to have a sensible eating plan
 sensible = ‫عاقالنه‬

 to lose weight = ‫وزن کم کردن‬

If you want an easy way to lose weight through diet what you really need is a sensible
eating plan.

 to indulge in sth = ‫زیاده روی کردن در چیزی‬

 fatty food = ‫غذای چرب‬

 (has a) poor nutritional value = ‫ارزش غذایی پایین‬

Most people indulge in fatty foods and the food they eat has poor nutritional value.

 to limit fat intake = ‫مصرف غذای چرب را محدود کردن‬

 intake = ‫دریافتی‬
 to follow a salt-free diet = ‫رژیم غذایی بدون نمک داشتن‬
 proper nutrition = ‫تغذیه مناسب‬
 overeating = ‫پرخوری‬: Some people seat too much.
 obesity = ‫اضافه وزن شدید‬
 go on a diet = ‫رژیم گرفتن‬

95% of people who go on a diet put the weight back on when it’s finished and often
more.

 to burn off some calories = ‫کالری سوزاندن‬

 They can also burn off some calories by doing exercise on a daily basis.
 a sedentary lifestyle = ‫نشستن زیاد و بدون تحرک‬

15
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

People have a sedentary lifestyle.

 spinal problems = ‫مشکالت ستون فقرات‬

 do exercise = ‫نرمش کردن‬


16
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 to be under a lot of stress

 to become terribly stressed and unwell

I remember when I was working for the company I could not meet the deadlines and
became terribly stressed and unwell.

 get a lot of experience

 The kids had an enjoyable time at the movies.
 We do most of our shopping on the Internet.
 Sport is a wonderful way to feel happy.
 When I do sport, I feel good about myself, I have more energy after I exercise. For example,
swimming makes me feel happier.
 Playing sport is a wonderful way to learn about teamwork.
 Build a friendship… make a friend.
 extracurricular activities= )...‫ روزنامه نگاری و‬،‫ هنر‬،‫ ورزش‬،‫ باشگاه‬،‫ اردو رفتن‬،‫فعالیتهای فوق برنامه (مثل عکاسی‬
 to go camping ‫اردو رفتن‬
 We went camping in the Sabalan Mountains.
 Essential Life Skills (learn about …)

teamwork

goal setting

time management

problem-solving

analytical thinking

leadership

public speaking

sense of philanthropy = ‫=(حس) ب شردو ستانه‬the practice of giving money and help to
people who are poor or in trouble

 The twenty-first century has seen a sharp increase in… ( the number of jobs that have
moved from developed countries to developing countries)
 to be fair to … (the other students) = ... ‫رفتار عادالنه داشتن با‬

17
이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 work something ↔ up= to develop and improve something such as a project or a piece
of writing

Ex: A 10% grade penalty is assessed for work up to 24 hours late.

 (Background sentence) The university plays a vital role in improving the overall
productivity of society.
 contribute to…
 Well-educated people tend to be more aware of social problems.
 to put/pump/pour money into something = to fund

It is recommended that governments continue to pump money into schools

It is recommended that the university continue to fund social activities

(continue +to+verb)

 allocation of budget
 destiny = ‫سرنوشت‬
 remember = recall = off the top of my head (informal: speaking)
 I cannot think of any examples, off the top of my head, when I was in university ...
 need + to+verb + or need + verb +ing
 it took me two weeks (I took two weeks)
 to be representative of sth = ‫نماینده (نماد) چیزی بودن‬
 tend to be more aware of sth
 …. theory plays a good example here. This widely supported theory argues that …
 is far more important = greater importance
 escalating pollution = ‫تشدید آلودگی‬

escalate = to become or make something become greater or more serious

 consume = use time, energy, goods, food (‫)ب جای غذا خوردن در پارفرایز‬, consumption
=‫مصرف‬
 make healthy food more affordable and accessible.
 organic farming
 genetically-modified foods
 absorb something into something
 attract somebody to something
 outweigh = to be more important or valuable than something else

The benefits of the scheme outweigh the disadvantages.

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이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 posit = state ‫بیان کردن‬

 to set the stage for sth = ‫بستر چیزی را فراهم کردن‬

Each stage of development effectively sets the stage for the next.

 key to +verb+ing

Education is the key to improving the economy of these countries.

Properly supported and motivated staff are key to making that system run better.

The key to success ‫کلیدموفقیت‬

 at no cost

Courses leading to the degree can be found most everywhere and often at no cost.

 turn (somebody/something) into something= to become something different, or to make

someone or something do this
 overnight = suddenly or surprisingly quickly ‫یک شبه‬

He became a millionaire overnight.

 downplay=play down = to make something seem less important than it really is

White House officials attempted to downplay the president’s role in the affair.

 speak volumes (about/for something)= if something speaks volumes, it clearly shows the nature
of something or the feelings of a person= provide a lot of information, especially in an indirect way

What you wear speaks volumes about you.

 Run out of sth = ‫کم آوردن چیزی‬

I’ve got money you can borrow if you run out.

 Project (verb)= to calculate what something will be in the future, using the information
you have now

The company projected an annual growth rate of 3%.

 Competency of professors ‫توانایی و صالحیت پروفسورها‬

 If not for sth, … would still have the problem of ...

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이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

If not for sth, the government would still have the problem of ..

 create wealth = ‫ثروت‬ ‫تولید‬

 overall productivity of society
 injected into = ‫تزریق کردن‬

They need to inject more money into sports facilities.

 In summary, I am of the opinion that the ….

 Raising awareness on the necessity of … is the least that governments can do to fulfill a small
fraction of their responsibility in encouraging …. in order to realize the long-term goals of the
country.

 care about = ‫اهمیت دادن‬

 aim at + verb + ing

an initiative aimed at reducing road accidents

 generalist = a person who knows about many different things and can do many things well
 tremendous potential for use in sth = ‫پتانسیل خیلی زیاد برای استفاده در چیزی‬
 involve = ‫درگیر کردن‬
 get involve = ‫درگیر شدن‬

 distraction =‫حواس پرتی‬

Cell phones cause distraction.

 to be at the mercy of somebody/something = ‫ واب سته به ک سی یا‬،‫تحت کنترل ک سی بودن‬

‫شدن‬/‫ در چنگال کسی اسیر بودن‬،‫چیزی بودن‬

Poor people are increasingly at the mercy of moneylenders.

These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature

 whatsoever = ‫به هیچ وجه‬

 quite a bit = quite a few = quite a lot (a lot)

They have quite a bit of money.

The last one I read was Steve Jobs, I liked it quite a bit.

 not ... but rather ...

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이만 (Iman) Your success is coming. Feel confident; get focused.

 = used to say that one thing is not true but a different thing is true

The problem is not their lack of funding, but rather their lack of planning.

 there is a limited window of time

 cast doubt(s) on something =to make people feel less certain about something

Her documentary casts serious doubt on Gilligan’s conviction.

 Drive = ‫ توسعه دادن‬،‫افزایش دادن‬

She argued that these early processes drive cognitive development in the first two years
of an infant's life.

 to get a free ride = something that you do not have to pay for, because someone else is
paying for it

On virtually every team, some members got almost a “free ride” = they didn't contribute
much at all

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