Group 3

Exploring
A World of Regions
Global Divides: The North and the South
Locating the Global
South
By Lisandro E. Claudio
 Lisandro E. Claudio works as an
assistant professor at the
Department of Political Science,
Ateneo de Manila.
Where does one see globalization?
- Geographers, anthropologist, and sociologist those
who study the phenomenon from the bottom up tell us
that global interconnectedness is woven into the fabric
of everyday life.
 INTRODUCTION: THE
STARBUCKS AND
THE SHANTY
The Starbucks and the shanties emphasize
the globalization's incompleteness on the
south.

There are Starbucks branches in both

Melbourne and Manila, New York and New
Delhi looking more or less the same.

The sameness represent the cultural

homogenization.
 INTRODUCTION: THE
STARBUCKS AND
THE SHANTY
POVERTY

The effects of globalization on the

south show how it may lead to both
riches and poverty.
 INTRODUCTION: THE
STARBUCKS AND
THE SHANTY
Given their lack of political influence
within the state, the residents of the
shanty have very few avenues for
redness.
- they live in so called “weak states".

You are unlikely to find New Delhi type

shanties in New York, despite that city is
also being site of large scale injustice.
INTRODUCTION:
THE STARBUCKS
AND THE SHANTY

The coexistence The

In the global
of the underdevelopment
south and the of the global south,
Starbucks and
north/south the shanty point it would seem,
divide is as the to the
prevents it from
being globalized,
processes of incompleteness revealing the
globalization of globalization inherent
that engender in the global unevenness of the
it. south. process.
 The shanty, despite not
participating in global
modernity symbols - is
influenced by global
mechanics like forced
liberalization and
marketization.

Globalization creates
INTRODUCTION: both affluence and
poverty, pushing people
THE STARBUCKS into modernity
associated with
AND THE western culture and
capital.
SHANTY
 This chapter
explores the
development/und
erdevelopment
paradox of
globalization,
INTRODUCTION: focusing on the
THE STARBUCKS concept of the
global south.
AND THE
SHANTY
Conceptualizing
Without Defining

Conceiving of the global south - is

primary import to those engaged in social
and political action against global
inequality.
Changing geopolitical
circumstances
highlight historical nuances of
terms like Third Worldism and non-
alignment, highlighting
underdevelopment and lack of
representation of certain
states/peoples in global political
processes.
The term 'global south
is relevant to studying globalization
due to its relevance in large-scale
political projects like imperialisms,
to cold war-era containment, and
neo-liberal globalization - make it
necessary for scholar and activists
to use terms like ‘global south'.
is thus both a reality and a
provisional work in progress.
is not a directional designation or a
point due south from a fixed north.
 What is necessary to add to
Grovogui is that the 'former
colonial entities; are almost, all
categorizable as states in an
international system of
governance.

The terms “Third World",

“Developing World" and “Global
South" - are always to represent
interstate inequalities
What is included when we emphasize the state?
 First, power inequality that cannot be
reduced to discussions of state politics,
Jonathan Rigg(2007) for instance,
emphasizes the everyday nature of politics in
the global south, where local practices
subtend, transcend and overwhelm
statecraft.
Second, not all of the formal colonial entities
are states, Raewyn Connell (2007:71-86), for
instance, conceives of aboriginal Australia as
integral to the imaginary universe of the
global south, despite it being formally part of
a wealthy develop state.
Finally, and perhaps most germane to
this present volume- the process of
globalization places into question
geographically- bound conceptions of
poverty and inequality.
 Why must we insist in analyzing
states and interstate inequalities?
- the decolonization process
produced states, now recognized
as sovereign under the system of
international law promoted by the
United Nations.
Samuel Huntington's (1996)
much debated theory of world
politics, which claims that a
“clash of civilization ” is the main
source of conflict in the post-
cold war world. REHASHES
MANY COLONIAL STEREOTYPE
ASSOCIATED WITH SO CALLED
BACKWARD CIVILIZATION.
Francis Fukuyama's
much criticized theory about
the 'end of history'
manifesting in the complete
triumph of Western
capitalism and liberalism
turns the West into the telos
of political organization.
Thomas Friedman
(2000,2007)
has been articulating global
embracing free trade and
being left behind by the
pace of international
economic and technological
developments.
Manfred Steger (2005:12)
contends that 'globalism'
, a determinist ideology
about the global progress
manifested in works like
Friedman's.
Challenging The Colonial Order
How do people or the present day
global south respond to colonialism and
other linear visions of modernity?
In varying ways, the notion if
solidarity among colonized state was
present from the beginning of anti-
colonialism.

Challenging the
Colonial Order
 Benedict Anderson (2007)
has shown that resistance against
Spanish colonialism in Latin America
and Philippines benefitted from the
increased interaction of political
dissidents amidst an early phase of
globalization in late nineteenth century.
 Anti-colonialism - though it emphasized
domestic nationalism, was also an
international project.

Socialist internationalism - which would

eventually to the forefront of anti-
colonialism, was slow to take up the cause
of colonized people.

Lenin - who was a thinker and a political

leader.