Discourse on Lord Caitanya Play

Between Śrīla Prabhupāda and Hayagrīva

—
April 5-6, 1967, San Francisco
Prabhupāda: ...recording?
Hayagrīva: Good.
Prabhupāda: The first scene is that people passing on
with saṅkīrtana movement as we have, as we usually do,
very nice procession with mṛdaṅga, karatālas and that
bugle, all people, just in the ordinary way. We have to
make a nice procession. The second scene is that Kali, the
personified Kali, a person should be decorated blackish.
A blackish man with royal dress and very ugly features.
And his queen, another ugly featured girl or lady. So they
are disturbed. They'll talk between themselves that
"There is saṅkīrtana movement now and how we shall
prosecute our business of this Kali-yuga?" There will be,
in that scene, in some corner somebody is drinking. Two
or three persons drinking. The scene will be like that.
They are sitting in the center. In one corner somebody
taking part in drinking, and another part somebody is
illicitly talking of lust and love with woman. In another
section there is slaughtering of a cow, and another
section gambling. In this way that scene should be
adjusted. And in the middle, the ugly man, black man,
and the ugly woman will talk that "We are now in danger.
The saṅkīrtana movement has been started. What to
do?" In this way you have to finish that scene.
Hayagrīva: Now Kali is depicted as a male. As male?
Prabhupāda: As male, yes.
Hayagrīva: Because sometimes I know he's depicted as
female.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Male, his feature black, and dressed
like a king. Black means ignorance. And similarly the
scene is also blackish.
Hayagrīva: Yes.
Prabhupāda: These things should be ascertained(?).
Then, it is mentioned there, exhibit illicit sex,
slaughterhouse, intoxication, gambling. Then the third
scene is very nice. Rāsa dance.
Hayagrīva: Uh... Just before this... I'm not going to
make this I don't believe either eastern or western, but I
think this can apply for the whole world in the sense that
the names may be Indian names, but I think the
exhibition of the assembly of Kali and his consort sin and
the exhibition of illicit sex and slaughterhouse, this can
all be, it can be from western type prototype.
Prabhupāda: That may be. No, why should you... It
may be sometimes misunderstood that western people
are only under the influence of Kali. Because the world is
under the influence of Kali. Not that in your country only
this intoxication, illicit sex. No, everywhere it is.
Hayagrīva: I realize that.
Prabhupāda: More or less. More or less.
Hayagrīva: Not only in that scene. My point is that I
don't want to make this an Indian play.
Prabhupāda: That you may do. That you may do. I have
no objection. But people may not misunderstand that
here a scene is depicted simply criticizing the western
way. That is my point. Yes.
Hayagrīva: Yes. Now that other person, that other
Lord Caitanya... Roy? Who wrote the other
Lord Caitanya? That other play?
Prabhupāda: No, nobody...
Hayagrīva: I showed you that other play.
Prabhupāda: Oh, that Dilip Kumar.
Hayagrīva: Yes. That's what I had in mind. I thought it
was strictly an Indian type of play.
Prabhupāda: Yes, that was Indian type. Yes, that was
Indian type. Or if you like... I have no objection. If you
present the characters in European style.
But Caitanya Mahāprabhu...
Hayagrīva: No, no. They wouldn't be presented in a
western style, but there wouldn't be neither an eastern
nor a western flavor.
Prabhupāda: That will be very nice. That will be very
nice.
Hayagrīva: In other words, it could be anywhere.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: The situation could be... Because it's
transcendental. It's not here, it's not there.
Prabhupāda: Yes, yes. No, the Kali is not
transcendental. Kali is material.
Hayagrīva: Yes. The earth, the whole world is affected,
so it's not just one section.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Not only earth, this earth. It is whole
universe.
Hayagrīva: Yes.
Prabhupāda: So next scene is rāsa dance. Rāsa dance
means Kṛṣṇa and Rādhārāṇī in the center, and
the gopīs, they are surrounding. You have seen that
surrounding scene they were dancing the other day in the
park, hand to hand.
Hayagrīva: Yes, yes.
Prabhupāda: So one Kṛṣṇa and one gopī, they are
dancing. That should be, scene should be... Then
the rāsa dance should be stopped and Kṛṣṇa will talk
with the gopīs. Kṛṣṇa will say to the gopīs that "My dear
friends, you have come to Me in this dead of night. It is
not very good because it is the duty of every woman to
please her husband. So what your husband will think that
you have come in such dead of night? A woman's duty is
not to give up her husband even he is not of good
character or if he is unfortunate, if he is old, or if he is
diseased. Still, husband is worshiped by the wife. So you
have come here, it is very sinful. So you... People will
decry it. Please go back. Now we have finished." So in this
way the gopīs will reply that, "You cannot request us to
go back because with great difficulty and with great, I
mean to say, ecstatic desire we have come to You, and it
is not Your duty to ask us to go back." In this way you
arrange some talking that Kṛṣṇa is asking them to go
back, but they are insisting, "No, let us continue
our rāsa dance." Then when the rāsa dance is finished,
the gopīs will go, then Kṛṣṇa in His halilak(?), He says
that "They are My heart and soul, these gopīs. They are
so sincere devotees that they do not care for family
encumbrances and all, any bad name. They come to Me.
So how shall I repay them?" He was thinking. "How shall
I repay their so ecstatic love?" So He thought that "I
cannot repay them unless and until I take up their
situation to understand Me. Because I Myself cannot
understand Me. I have to take the position of
the gopīs, how they are loving Me." So with that
consideration He took the form of Lord Caitanya.
Therefore Kṛṣṇa is blackish, Lord Caitanya is of the color
of the gopīs. The whole life of Lord Caitanya is
representation of gopīs' love towards Kṛṣṇa. That should
be painted in that picture. You have got to ask anything?
Hayagrīva: This is His determination to incarnate as
Lord Caitanya.
Prabhupāda: Lord Caitanya, yes.
Hayagrīva: In order to...
Prabhupāda: In order to appreciate Kṛṣṇa in the form
of gopī. Just like I have got dealings with you. So you
have got your individuality, I have got my individuality,
but if I want to study how you are so much obedient and
loving to me, then I have to go to your position. It is very
natural psychology. Yes. You have to paint in that way.
Hayagrīva: I think that's clear.
Prabhupāda: Huh? That's clear. Accha. Then fourth
scene is lunar eclipse. You'll have to arrange a scene that
just in the evening there is appearance of the full moon
on the side of the Ganges and people are taking bath half
in the water and half above the water, and they're all
chanting, this same scene, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Hare Kṛṣṇa,
with mṛdaṅga and... Yes. So somebody
comes, Advaita. Advaita comes in the scene to take bath
in the Ganges and begins to dance. "Oh, my mission is
now fulfilled! My mission is now fulfilled!" He'll talk. He
was very sorry to see the condition of the people that
everyone is engaged simply for material sense
gratification. Nobody is engaged in love of Godhead. So
he wanted to rectify their behavior, but he thought that "I
am ordinary man, what can I do? If Kṛṣṇa Himself
comes, then He can do it." Therefore he worshiped Kṛṣṇa,
and he simply offered Ganges water and tulasī leaf. In
this way Kṛṣṇa has taken His incarnation as
Lord Caitanya. So he has understood now at this moment
Lord Caitanya is now taken His appearance. So he was
dancing, "Now my mission is fulfilled. Now my mission
is fulfilled."
Hayagrīva: That's Advaita.
Prabhupāda: Advaita. Lunar eclipse, everyone taking
bath in the Ganges and chanting.
Hayagrīva: And Advaita is introduced there and he's
very joyful on this occasion because he had requested
that this incarnation...
Prabhupāda: Yes. He prayed. He prayed to Kṛṣṇa that
"You come."
Hayagrīva: He's aware at this time that this is the
occurrence of Lord Caitanya's incarnation.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Yes. So this scene should be entered
like that.
Hayagrīva: Now I noticed in the list of characters we
have up here, Rādhārāṇī. She doesn't appear at this
point.
Prabhupāda: No. Rādhārāṇī will be in the rāsa dance?
Hayagrīva: Oh. In the rāsa dance.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: That's the...
Prabhupāda: Rādhārāṇī and Kṛṣṇa in the center.
And Kṛṣṇa has expanded Himself for other gopīs, hand
to hand.
Hayagrīva: That's the third scene, the rāsa dance. So
Rādhārāṇī appears in that?
Prabhupāda: That's the third scene, yes. There is the
appearance, appearance of Rādhārāṇī.
Hayagrīva: The damsels of Vṛndāvana appear also in
the...
Prabhupāda: No, the dance was in Vṛndāvana.
Yes. Rāsa dance was in Vṛndāvana.
Hayagrīva: The damsels of Vṛndāvana also appear in
the third scene.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Third scene. Yes. Rāsa dance of
Lord Kṛṣṇa and His associates, Lord Kṛṣṇa's
determination.
Hayagrīva: All right. Now we have the fourth scene.
Does Advaita speak to anyone in the fourth scene or is
that...?
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: Is there anyone there? Any of these
characters there? I'm trying to introduce these
characters.
Prabhupāda: Yes, certainly.
Hayagrīva: The characters should be introduced in the
first act.
Prabhupāda: Yes. There should be...
Hayagrīva: A few of them. Not all of them, but a few of
them should be...
Prabhupāda: Śrīnivāsa. Śrīnivāsa
and Haridāsa. Haridāsa character is there?
Hayagrīva: Yes, I have this.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Haridāsa should be a old man.
Hayagrīva: So Advaita is old too, isn't he?
Prabhupāda: Advaita is old.
Hayagrīva: And Nivas.
Prabhupāda: He is not so old. He is middle-aged man.
Hayagrīva: Could you give me a brief rundown on
their...? Are they devotee, they're devotees...
Prabhupāda: Just like the picture is, Advaita, say, his
age is about forty years, and Haridāsa and Advaita, he
was about more than fifty years old at that time
when Caitanya Mahāprabhu was born. They were quite
old men. His father's age.
Hayagrīva: They're all devotees.
Prabhupāda: They're all devotees.
When Caitanya Mahāprabhu was propagating
His saṅkīrtana movement the brāhmaṇas, the
orthodox brāhmaṇas, they took objection. "This is not
according to Hindu śāstra. This is something new." But
only these two gentlemen, they... Advaita happened to be
the head of the brāhmaṇa community. So his support...
And he was a well-to-do man, he was rich man,
influential man. His support made Caitanya's movement
successful in Nabadwip. He was a very influential man.
And similarly, Śrīnivāsa, he was also, he belonged to
the brāhmaṇa community. And Advaita gave shelter
to Haridāsa. Haridāsa was a Muhammadan. So he was
punished by the Muhammadan magistrate and he took
shelter at the house of Advaita. He was maintaining him.
You can make them appear in the scene. They were
talking between Haridāsa and Śrīnivāsa and Advaita and
all of them chanting and dancing, "Now our mission is
fulfilled."
Hayagrīva: Yes, I see. All right. Now the fifth scene...
Prabhupāda: Fifth scene, Lord Caitanya's mother,
Śacīdevī, is sitting underneath a tree, a nim tree. It is
called nim tree. And the little child on her lap and the
visitors, so many visitors are coming, and they are
offering some presentation. Somebody is offering gold
necklace, somebody offering some bangles, some cloth,
some money, and his father, he...what is
called...Jagannātha Miśra. Jagannātha Miśra is there?
Yes. Jagannātha Miśra, His father. He was, whatever
money and clothes and gold and silver, they were coming,
he was also distributing to poor men, some dancers. In
India there is a system... What you call the eunuchs?
Those who are neither male or female. What do you call?
What is their name?
Hayagrīva: A combination of both, male and female? A
hermaphrodite. A hermaphrodite.
Prabhupāda: Eunuch, what is that eunuch?
Hayagrīva: A eunuch is...
Prabhupāda: Feminine.
Hayagrīva: Impotent, an impotent... Someone who's
been castrated.
Prabhupāda: Oh, that is called eunuch. By nature,
neither man, neither woman.
Hayagrīva: Oh, this is also called asexual, that is to say
no sex.
Prabhupāda: No sex.
Hayagrīva: Hermaphroditic means they have the
physical features of both man and woman.
Prabhupāda: Oh. At the same time?
Hayagrīva: At the same time.
Prabhupāda: I do not exactly. But such people they
have their own society and their means of living is that
whenever there is some good occasion, a marriage or
childbirth, like that, so they go there and pray God that
this child may be very long living. In this way they make
some prayer and get some...
Hayagrīva: These people... Now I don't understand...
This takes place at..., the sixth scene...?
Prabhupāda: At Jagannātha Miśra's house.
Hayagrīva: Jagannātha Miśra's house. And his wife is
who?
Prabhupāda: This scene should be mentioned
as Jagannātha Miśra's courtyard.
Hayagrīva: And who is his wife again?
Prabhupāda: Śacīdevī.
Hayagrīva: Śacīdevī, yes.
Prabhupāda: Śacīdevī is the mother of Lord Caitanya.
She is sitting with the child and everyone is visiting,
visiting, presenting, or all, everyone's saying, "Oh, how
nice child He is."
Hayagrīva: And these asexual people...
Prabhupāda: They are dancing.
Hayagrīva: They are dancing.
Prabhupāda: Yes. They are dancing, Hare Kṛṣṇa. Yes,
like that. So Hare Kṛṣṇa dancing is going there?
Hayagrīva: Yes.
Prabhupāda: And visitors coming and presenting. That
is a very nice scene. Yes. The sixth scene is Lord Caitanya,
a naughty boy. He would go to the Ganges side and it is
the system of orthodox brāhmaṇas that they meditate in
the Ganges, half. That is the system. Now He will go and
swim over the water and throw water in their mouth in
this way. Naughty boy. And they will be very much
disgusted. "You naughty boy! You come here!" "Stop your
meditation. What is this meditation? Chant!
Chant Hare Kṛṣṇa!" He'll say like that. So they will come
and complain to His father. "Your child has become too
much naughty and just see that..., teased us like this." The
father will say, "Oh, the boy is going to be very naughty.
I'll punish Him. Let Him come." So father, angry father
was waiting. As soon as the boy will come he would
punish. But when the boy returns the father sees that
He's just coming from school. There is no sign that He
has gone to Ganges and taken bath. How is that these
gentlemen complained? He will be puzzled. In that way,
we have to show.
Hayagrīva: How old is He here? How old
is Caitanya here? Maybe five, six?
Prabhupāda: That was, He was five or six years old.
That's all.
Hayagrīva: And this is... What's the location again?
Prabhupāda: This location is front
of Jagannātha Miśra's house.
Hayagrīva: Yes. Six years later in other words.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: All right. That's the... Does He meet any of
these characters at the river? Does He meet any of the
characters up there?
Prabhupāda: No. General public. General public. But
they are all brāhmaṇas, rigid brāhmaṇas. They are
taking bath. Yes.
Hayagrīva: Now is that the end of the first act?
Prabhupāda: End of the first... I think you should first
of all write this, then you take. Or you take all the notes
at a time?
Hayagrīva: Do you feel like going on? I don't think I'm
going to write these now. I'm just going to use this tape.
When I go over a scene I'll just play it back. It's too much
to write.
Prabhupāda: All right. That's all right.
Hayagrīva: If you feel like going on, then go ahead.
Prabhupāda: No, I can talk.
Hayagrīva: Oh, good.
Prabhupāda: I can talk.
Hayagrīva: Well let's do as much as possible because
you're leaving Sunday.
Prabhupāda: All right. All right. Do it.
Hayagrīva: This is second act now.
Prabhupāda: Second act. Then Lord
Caitanya's saṅkīrtana organization in the house of
Śrīnivāsa. Śrīnivāsācārya. The saṅkīrtana movement
was... They were all chanting together Hare Kṛṣṇa,
and Caitanya Mahāprabhu asked the devotees that
"Hello, My dear friends. What do you want to eat?" So
some of them said... That was out of season, and still
some of them asked that "We shall be very glad if You give
us some mangoes." (laughs) So Lord Caitanya said that
"All right. You just bring one seed of mango." So in
Bengal there is, seed of mango is available always because
the people in the village, they eat mango and throw it in
the ground, they say they come out as tree, creeper. So it
is not very difficult. So he brought some creeper like that,
and he sowed it, and at once it became a tree, and there
was sufficient quantity of mango fruits. So all the
devotees were distributed. And that mango tree
remained there and they were taking mango every day.
And in that scene, just try to... The next scene
is brāhmaṇas' dissatisfaction. Now some of
the brāhmaṇas...
Hayagrīva: How old is Caitanya now?
Prabhupāda: He was about...
Hayagrīva: Sixteen?
Prabhupāda: Fifteen, sixteen, like that. Yes. Fifteen,
sixteen. Yes, you ask me questions, any about that.
Hayagrīva: That's His saṅkīrtana organization, that
first scene.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: And from this first comes...
Prabhupāda: Yes, that is the beginning of...
Hayagrīva: A scene of Nivas...
Prabhupāda: At Śrīnivāsa's house.
Hayagrīva: Are the people mainly young people like
Himself?
Prabhupāda: Yes, they were all young.
Hayagrīva: Or are they older brāhmaṇas?
Prabhupāda: Older, only these...
Hayagrīva: Only the three, yes.
Prabhupāda: Haridāsa, Śrīnivāsa, and Advaita. They
were taking part. Otherwise, all, they were young friends,
yes. Young boys. No girls. That is not the system in India.
(laughs) Yes. Now when the second scene, mainly their
movement was going on and it was becoming popular.
Now Caitanya Mahāprabhu preached that simply by
the saṅkīrtana movement everything will be fulfilled.
You need not do anything. So the priest
class brāhmaṇas they became very much dissatisfied
that "He is inviting Muhammadans and all others..."
Because according to Hindu society, except
the brāhmaṇas... Especially in those days, only
the brāhmaṇas were considered the highest in the
society, and even the kṣatriyas, vaiśyas, they all
calculated to, in the group
of śūdras. So Caitanya Mahāprabhu was allowing
everyone, the Muhammadans, the śūdras, the low class,
the high class, the brāhmaṇas... He was amalgamating
everyone. So these brāhmaṇas, they took objection. "He
is making a disastrous movement! The prestige of
the brāhmaṇas will go." So they became very much
dissatisfied and they concluded that "We shall go to the
magistrate and file our complaint that He is doing
against Hindu religion and He's crying always
'Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa' loudly. The Lord is sleeping. He
will be disturbed and there will be disaster, Lord being
angry." In this way they filed complaint. Ask anything,
questions.
Hayagrīva: Are there any of the characters listed up
here among the brāhmaṇas who complained?
Prabhupāda: No. They complained... Characters...
Ordinary brāhmaṇas.
Hayagrīva: Yes. All right. I can't think of anything
there. That leads into the next scene, third scene.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Then the next scene is that some
constables came and during the Hari-saṅkīrtana, they
broke the mṛdaṅgas that "You have disobeyed the
magistrate order that... So you cannot do it." So as the
constables, they do some violence or assault, so they did
that. And after the constables went
away Caitanya Mahāprabhu was informed. He came. He
saw that the mṛdaṅgas are broken and everything is
strewn away so Caitanya Mahāprabhu saw. He decided,
"All right. Now we shall organize a civil disobedience
movement. Now tomorrow we shall organize thousands
and thousands of people with mṛdaṅgas and we shall
approach the magistrate house." So He... Next scene...
What is that next scene?
Hayagrīva: Now the constables broke up
a saṅkīrtana carried on by Caitanya's friends. Any
location here particular?
Prabhupāda: Yes. It is called the Śrīvāsa house.
Hayagrīva: On a house. At someone's home.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Because in India the village houses
they have got some compound. Not that only fixed house.
Every house has got a compound.
Hayagrīva: All right. Very good. Now the fourth scene,
this is the meeting with the magistrate.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Fourth scene. That...
Hayagrīva: They march to the magistrate.
Prabhupāda: Magistrate house and in the courtyard all
the people, they were very much enthusiastic.
Hayagrīva: Several thousand.
Prabhupāda: Several thousand. And they were loudly
chanting and meeting Lord... So when the chanting was
going on the Chand Kazi appeared and there was
discussion between... Chand Kazi was also very great
scholar, and Lord Caitanya was also scholar. So Chand
Kazi, just to pacify them, he addressed Caitanya, "My
dear boy, You happen to be my nephew. You are my
sister's son. Why You are so angry upon Your maternal
uncle?" Caitanya Mahāprabhu got the clue that he was
prepared to make compromise. So He also mildly replied,
"Yes, you are My uncle, I know. So because you are My
uncle, therefore I have come to your house. How is that
when the nephew comes that you do not receive Him? In
an angry mood you go upstairs?" So in this way, the
situation was pacified. Then they sat together and there
was a very learned discussion between the two. Because
Hindus are always against cow killing. So he was
Muhammadan. They were killing cow.
Hayagrīva: Chand...
Prabhupāda: Chand Kazi.
Hayagrīva: Muhammadan.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Muhammadan. Chand Kazi was a...
Maulana Chand Kazi. His name is Maulana Chand Kazi.
He was a great scholar in the Koran scripture.
So Caitanya Mahāprabhu first of all asked the Chand
Kazi, "My dear uncle, what is your religion that you are
eating your mother and father?" (laughs) So he could
understand that He was attacking the cow killing process.
So he said, "Well, You are just trying to criticize our cow
killing, but in Your Vedic literature also I have seen that
cow killing is allowed in sacrifice." Then
Lord Caitanya said, "Yes. That is not killing. That is
rejuvenating. That is not killing." The sacrifice of cow
recommended in the Vedic śāstra means that
the brāhmaṇas prove how powerful was
Vedic mantra that it could give a new life to the old cows
and bulls. So then Caitanya Mahāprabhu said, that "Such
kind of learned brāhmaṇas and Vedic yajña is not
possible in this age. Therefore cow killing..." Not cow
killing. "Sacrifice by offering cow, sacrifice by offering
horse,
and..." Aśvamedhaṁ gavālambhaṁ [Cc. Ādi 17.164]. An
d sannyāsaṁ pala paitṛkam. Sannyāsa means to
become in the renounced order of life. And these five
things. One thing is sacrifice by offering cow. Second,
sacrifice by offering horse. Third, to accept renounced
order of life. And fourth, offering ablutions... Or what is
called? Offering some, something to the forefathers?
What is called?
Hayagrīva: Oblations.
Prabhupāda: Oblations. Yes. This, and to beget child
by the husband's younger brother. Formerly, the society
allowed that if a woman is young, she has no child, but
husband died, so if the husband has younger brother,
through the younger brother she could have a child. This
system was current. But Caitanya Mahāprabhu says that
these five things are forbidden in this age. So Chand Kazi
also replied that "Cow killing is also not generally
recommended in the Koran. Actually, beef-eating or
flesh-eating is not in the higher stage. But those who are
inclined to take flesh, for them it is recommended that
instead of killing many small animals, one big animal
should be killed. So actually in Mecca, Medina, they kill
camel. That is also in the mosque." So the substance of
his speech was that flesh-eating ultimately is not
recommended. "But those who have no other means, they
eat flesh and they recommend that one big animal should
be killed. So India, the cow is big animal, therefore we
kill. But that is not recommended for advanced spiritual
students." In this way... So they were friends, and he
understood, Chand Kazi understood that it is very nice
movement, that "You are preaching love of Godhead. So
I did not understand. So my dear boy, henceforward
there will be no hindrances in Your movement and I
promise that not only myself but all my descendants will
never object Your movement,
this saṅkīrtana movement."
Hayagrīva: All right. Now I don't have any questions
there. I probably wouldn't deal quite at such length about
the meat. I don't see how that... The main thing was about
the saṅkīrtana, the chanting.
Prabhupāda: Chanting, and it was mitigated, and he
allowed. First of all, there was objection, then there was
civil disobedience, then when they compromised, the
Chand Kazi allowed the movement. This is the whole
idea.
Hayagrīva: The fifth scene is renunciation of household
life.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: This is at age...? This is considerably later
then. This is about ten years later.
Prabhupāda: No. Renunciation... Now this Chand
Kazi, he was... This movement when He was about 20
years old. Do you follow?
Hayagrīva: The saṅkīrtana was when He was around
20. The Kazi.
Prabhupāda: The saṅkīrtana was going on.
Hayagrīva: When He was 16, 15.
Prabhupāda: But practically He started
this saṅkīrtana movement vigorously from the age of 15
years. But when He was 20 years old, when the
movement took very nice appearance,
the brāhmaṇas complained. So this movement was
about 20 years old when... Then renunciation...
Hayagrīva: He's 24 now.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Renunciation. So one day it so
happened that instead of chanting Hare Kṛṣṇa,
Lord Caitanya was
chanting, "Gopī, gopī, gopī, gopī, gopī," instead of
chanting "Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa." So He had a small school.
The brāhmaṇas, generally they keep a small school
which is called catuṣpaṭhī. (spells out) C-c-h-a-a-t-u-s-p-
a-t-h-i. Catuṣpaṭhī, catuṣpaṭhī means a school where up
to the four Vedas are taught. Grammar and religion and
everything is taught there. In every village that was
system. The brāhmaṇas should keep up a school like
that. Students were all almost they were also of the same
age. Some of them were fifteen years old, sixteen years
old. So students came and saw Lord Caitanya was
chanting "Gopī gopī," so they objected. They said, "Oh,
why You are chanting 'gopī gopī'? Why should You not
chant 'Kṛṣṇa'? 'Hare Kṛṣṇa'?"
So Caitanya Mahāprabhu was in His ecstasy because He
was... In the beginning, His appearance is in the form
of gopī, to love Kṛṣṇa. So He became very much angry,
and because they were students, He wanted to chastise
them. He took a stick. "You nonsense! What you are
speaking? Go away!" So they fled away, but after that they
organized. "Oh, how is that? Caitanya, He is... How He
has become so big that He wants to beat us?" In this way
they practically they were talking ill of Him. So He
decided that "If I remain a householder, these people will
not honor Me." Because in those days a sannyāsī was
honored in the society very much. If a sannyāsī comes to
your village or to a householder's house it was very... Still
it is going on, although not so widely. But still 80% of the
population in India, if they find out a sannyāsī they give
all honor. So He decided that "Now I shall become
a sannyāsī." So He happened to see Keśava Bhāratī,
a sannyāsī of the Śaṅkara sampradāya, and He
requested him that "You give Me sannyāsa." So He
took sannyāsa from Keśava Bhāratī and He was assisted
by Nityānanda, Murāri Gupta, and some other people. So
this is His renunciation decision and acceptance
of sannyāsa.
Hayagrīva: How does He, How does He
accept sannyāsī? I mean how does He...?
Prabhupāda: Sannyāsa, there is a ceremony. Just like
we have got the initiation ceremony.
Hayagrīva: Did He have a spiritual master?
Prabhupāda: So He accepted spiritual... Not spiritual
master, but a sannyāsa-guru. That is also master, but
he's not spiritual master. But he's also considered
as sannyāsa-guru, spiritual master who offers
him sannyāsa. Just like myself, I took initiation from
my Guru Maharaja, but I took sannyāsa from a
Godbrother who is a sannyāsī. So my original guru is
that spiritual master who initiated me, but he's also
a śikṣā guru. Like that. Teacher. Then His renunciation
of householder. He became sannyāsa. Now when He
was, after taking sannyāsa, when He was going
towards Vṛndāvana, He became always almost mad.
So Nityānanda, He was with Him. When He saw that
Lord Caitanya is in ecstasy, He misled Him just to... His
plan was that "I shall take Lord Caitanya to the house
of Advaita, and then I shall call His mother to see Him for
the last time. If Caitanya goes away from this very point
His mother will not be able to see Him." So out of
sympathy He said, "Well, Śrīpāda Caitanya, this is not,
this side is not Vṛndāvana. You go..." He just misdirected
Him. So... And He sent one man to Advaita to receive
Him that "He has taken sannyāsī, just try to make
arrangement to receive Him. Then we shall meet." So
when He came near the house of Advaita He saw
that Advaita was waiting. So then He, I mean to say, came
to His sense. "Oh, I am misled? I have come to Advaita's
house? How is that Nityānanda? You showed Me this
way Vṛndāvana." Then He said, "Oh, wherever You stay,
that is Vṛndāvana." Now Advaita says, "All right, please
come to my house." So he received Him and took Him
there and sent news to His mother that "Your son has
now taken sannyāsa. Now if you want to see Him for the
last time please come and see." So in this way at Advaita's
house He remained for some time. Say about a fortnight.
And during that time, in the beginning, His mother came
and His mother became so much sorry. That scene you
have to describe very nicely. Mother seeing that her son
has taken sannyāsa, no more He'll come to house. So
(s)he was crying. And Caitanya Mahāprabhu fell on
his(her) feet and begged, "My dear mother, yes. This
body belongs to you. This body should have been engaged
for your service. Unfortunately I've done a mistake. I
have already taken sannyāsa. Please excuse Me." In this
way. That scene described in the Dilip Kumar's house,
that Caitanya is consulting mother, that is a false scene.
The actual scene is that after accepting
His sannyāsa, His mother came to see Him at Advaita's
house. That is the...
Hayagrīva: Yes. Does she give Him her blessing finally?
Prabhupāda: No. Of course, mother's blessings are
always there. But the scene was that mother was crying
and He was falling on the feet and His mother was very
sorry that He had very beautiful hair. Now it is all cut off.
In this way, the scene is very pathetic. So in this way, after
remaining at Advaita's house, His mother was asking
Him through Advaita, "Let Him remain for some time."
Then He consulted "Mother, now just you think over that
I have taken sannyāsa. And if I remain in this way,
leaving My own family, and if I leave another family, do
you think this is very nice for a sannyāsī? So give Me
permission to go away." Then mother agreed and other
friends like Advaita and Śrīnivāsa requested His mother
that "You give Him permission." Then (s)he said, "Yes, I
have to give Him permission because He has already
accept sannyāsa. If somebody blames Him, blasphemy,
that is also not good. So my last request is that He may
make His headquarter at Jagannātha Purī so that...
Because people generally go to Jagannātha Purī, so I
shall be able at least to know about Him, how He is faring
there. That is my last request."
So Caitanya Mahāprabhu at once accepted. "My dear
mother, I shall always stay in Jagannātha Purī, and
sometimes I may come to Bengal also to take bath in the
Ganges. So there will be meeting. Now let Me go." So in
this way they departed and Caitanya Mahāprabhu for the
last time saw His friends and mother.
Hayagrīva: I don't understand Nityānanda's motive.
He's a friend. Nityānanda, He's a young friend of...
Caitanya's.
Prabhupāda: Oh, Nityānanda was not actually a family
brother. But He was, He is the incarnation of Baladeva,
the elder brother of Kṛṣṇa. So He took His birth in a
different family, but He joined Caitanya's movement as
other friends joined. So He is considered the elder
brother of Caitanya Mahāprabhu. He's actually.
Hayagrīva: He opposed Caitanya's sannyāsa.
Prabhupāda: No, no. He did not oppose. He did not
oppose. He simply, after Caitanya's acceptance
of sannyāsa, He wanted simply that He should come to
Advaita's place so that His mother may see Him for the
last time. That was His plan.
Hayagrīva: I see. [break]
Hayagrīva: All right, this is third act, first scene.
Prabhupāda: So Caitanya Mahāprabhu, after taking
leave from His mother, left Bengal towards Orissa, and
on the entrance of the district of Balasore there is a nice
temple called Kṣīra-corā-gopīnātha temple. And He saw
the temple. Here the scene is to be arranged that there is
nice temple and within the temple there is Rādhā-
Kṛṣṇa Deity, Kṣīra-corā-gopīnātha. The pūjārīs are
there, ārati is being taken place, and at that
time Caitanya Mahāprabhu entered with His followers
chanting Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa, and He saw the Deity
and danced before Him. And when the ārati was
finished, prayer was finished, then He sat down, talked
with His
associates, Nityānanda and Gadādhara and Murāri.
So Nityānanda Prabhu described about the Kṣīra-corā-
gopīnātha, the story of Kṣīra-corā-gopīnātha. It was
very nice story, that formerly
one ācārya, Madhavendra Purī came to this
temple, Gopīnatha, and while that condensed milk which
is called kṣīra was being offered to the
Deity, Madhavendra Purī wanted to taste it so that he
would also prepare such condensed milk and offer to
his Gopāla. So after that he thought, "Oh, it is being
offered to Kṛṣṇa and I wanted to taste it. So I am so
greedy." So he left the temple, that "I am not worth to
visit this temple." He went outside the temple
and sat down underneath a tree and was
chanting Hare Kṛṣṇa. Then at dead of
night, Gopīnatha, the Deity, was awakening His priest by
dream, that "You please get up. I have kept one pot of
condensed milk behind My..." What is called... That
(pid?) vastra, kings, sometimes they have got, very long
tail-like. What is that called?
Hayagrīva: Robe or something?
Prabhupāda: Yes. What is the name?
Hayagrīva: I don't know.
Prabhupāda: In Sanskrit it is called
(pid?) vastra, backside robe. So under the backside robe
He kept one pot of condensed milk by stealing. So
the pūjārī woke up and opened the door and actually saw
that there was a pot of condensed milk. The priests were
very much astonished that "Oh, He has stolen
(laughs) kṣīra for His devotee." So the order was that
"You take this pot and give to Madhavendra Purī. He is
sitting underneath a tree." So they, with the pot of the
condensed milk, they began to cry, "Oh, who is
that Madhavendra Purī? Oh, you are so fortunate. The
Deity has stolen condensed milk for you. Take it." So he
came forward and he was so pleased that Lord has stolen.
"Because I desired to taste so Lord has stolen one pot."
So in this way. From that day He became famous, the
thief of condensed milk, Kṣīra-corā. Kṣīra means
condensed milk and corā means thief. So the temple
became famous as the temple of the thief of condensed
milk.
Hayagrīva: Caitanya, the condensed milk thief.
Prabhupāda: No. Oh, you did not hear. Caitanya, after
seeing the Deity, He was sitting and seeing and
meantime Nityānanda Prabhu narrated the story how
His name became Kṣīra-corā-gopīnātha. You did not
follow me?
Hayagrīva: Nityānanda?
Prabhupāda: Nityānanda was going with
Lord Caitanya.
Hayagrīva: Narrated this to
Lord Caitanya? Nityānanda narrated this to
Lord Caitanya.
Prabhupāda: Yes, how the Deity was known as Kṣīra-
corā-gopīnātha. The story was narrated that formerly He
stole one...
Hayagrīva: Condensed milk.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Pot of condensed milk for His
devotee.
Hayagrīva: Now what direct relationship does this have
to Lord Caitanya?
Prabhupāda: Lord Caitanya also visited. Anyone in
those days going to Jagannātha Purī from Bengal they
had to pass that way. And on the way the Kṣīra-corā-
gopīnātha temple is there. So everyone used to visit. So
formerly Madhavendra Purī, he also visited, and for him
the Deity stole the condensed milk. From that time He's
known as Kṣīra-corā-gopīnātha. That story was
narrated to Caitanya Mahāprabhu. So while sitting
before the Deity, the story was narrated
and Caitanya Mahāprabhu relished it that God is so kind
that sometimes He steals for His devotee. This is the
significance of this. So here the scene should be arranged
that very nice temple, the Deity within, and
Lord Caitanya entered while chanting Hare Kṛṣṇa and
saw the worship, ārātrika. These things are to be shown
in this scene. And a little story about Him, that's all.
Hayagrīva: About the temple.
Prabhupāda: About the temple. This will finish the first
scene.
Hayagrīva: There should be more to the scene I think
than that.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Arrangement of the scene, yes. A
very nice temple.
Hayagrīva: We might be able to... Now what is this
second scene? This is another temple.
Prabhupāda: This is another temple, yes. Here also,
this temple, Sākṣi-gopāla.
Hayagrīva: I might be able to combine these if they...
Prabhupāda: No. They are different temples. So
Lord Caitanya is visiting different temples, that you have
to show. And each temple, the significance of the temple
has to be described. Especially the Deity. When the
importance is to the Deity, the Deity should be shown
nicely decorated. (end of first tape)
Hayagrīva: Well I don't know if I have enough
information for that first scene. But I'll think of
something ... I don't know if I have enough information
for the first scene. It can be very short.
Prabhupāda: First scene, why you have to...
The ārātrika is going on and kīrtana is going on, you can
continue for five minutes, ten minutes the kīrtana, and
short description of the Deity. That's all. That will finish.
Hayagrīva: Now the other is the Sākṣi-gopāla.
Prabhupāda: Sākṣi-gopāla. Sākṣi means
witness. Gopāla. That picture, we have brought that big
picture, that is Gopāla mūrti. Alone standing Kṛṣṇa and
playing... You have seen that big picture?
Hayagrīva: The big picture, yes.
Prabhupāda: A Deity like that should be situated in
that temple. And His name is Sākṣi-gopāla. Similarly
Lord Caitanya entered with His party and saw
the ārātrika in Gopāla temple. Then the story of
the Gopāla, Sākṣi, why He was known as Sākṣi-gopāla.
Hayagrīva: Saw what? Darate. Saw what? He saw...
Prabhupāda: Ārati.
Hayagrīva: Entered and saw in the Sākṣi temple and
saw...? What did you say?
Prabhupāda: Sākṣi-gopāla means witness Gopāla. So
how He became witness, that story was also narrated
by Nityānanda to Caitanya Mahāprabhu. That story is
that in that village, two brāhmaṇas... That's a very long
story.
Hayagrīva: What does this have to do with this temple?
What does this story have to do with the temple?
Lord Caitanya has entered this temple.
Prabhupāda: That's all. But how this temple was
established, how Gopāla was established, that history is
in that story. The Sākṣi-gopāla means witness.
This Gopāla was situated in Vṛndāvana, but to give
witness for His devotee He came to Orissa, that place.
That is the significance of this Gopāla. Do you follow?
Hayagrīva: No. (laughs) No.
Prabhupāda: This Gopāla was situated
at Vṛndāvana. Vṛndāvana means about more than one
thousand miles away from where the temple is situated
now. But He came one thousand miles to give witness for
His devotee. Since then, Gopāla is situated there. So that
story is narrated. That story should be narrated or what?
How to do it? That is the significance of the temple. There
was some family quarrel and Gopāla came to give
witness to decide judgement on that quarrel. So it is
possible to describe?
Hayagrīva: I think from a dramatic point of view, that
in your third act, you can't have too many narrations. It
becomes very tedious. If you have a narration. Someone
telling the history of various temples. Like in the first
scene, now there's a story being told
Lord Caitanya by Nityānanda. Now in the second scene
He visits another temple. And is there going to be another
narration about how the temple was founded? I don't
think that's... I don't know. (laughs) Do you think that
will be all right?
Prabhupāda: No. That will be all right in this way, that
the narration should be shortly described in poetry and
that will be chanted with kīrtana. In that way, you see.
Hayagrīva: Yes. You see the first two acts there was a
lot of action. Now we're in the third act and we have two
scenes of description. Now they can be two short scenes
of description. That will be all right, I think.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: So what is the story? A short little story?
Prabhupāda: The short story is that there was
two brāhmaṇas. Two brāhmaṇas. One
young brāhmaṇa, one old brāhmaṇa. They went
to Vṛndāvana to see Gopāla, and the old brāhmaṇa was
so obliged to the young brāhmaṇa, he promised to hand
over his youngest daughter to the young brāhmaṇa. But
when he came back home his eldest son objected. So he
kept mum. Then when the young brāhmaṇa, I mean to
say, reminded him that "You promised before Gopāla to
hand over your daughter. Now you are silent. What is
this?" So his eldest son said, "Well, if Gopāla comes to
give witness that my father promised before Him then my
sister can be married with you." So he went back
to Vṛndāvana and requested Gopāla to come and give
witness. So He came and the marriage ceremony was
performed. This is the sum and substance of the story.
And since then Gopāla did not... Gopāla means statue.
So in those days there was no transport service. And
when Gopāla was present everyone became struck with
wonder that "Oh, such a devotee that Gopāla has come
from Vṛndāvana to Orissa, more than 1,500 miles." So
the king of that place constructed a very nice temple and
since then that temple is known as
witness Gopāla. Sākṣi-gopāla means witness. So this
story can be shortly described and chanted with music
and the scene of the temple will be
seen, Caitanya Mahāprabhu dancing. Our real purpose
will be the dancing and singing and little description.
Hayagrīva: Yes. Now, is that all of this?
Prabhupāda: Yes. Then He visited Jagannātha temple.
And the Jagannātha temple you have to arrange, it is very
crowded temple. So many people were
visiting Jagannātha temple, at the same time
Lord Caitanya also entered, and He entered alone.
Hayagrīva: How old is He at this point?
Prabhupāda: Caitanya Mahāprabhu?
Hayagrīva: His age at this time?
Prabhupāda: Twenty-four years. It is just after
His sannyāsa. He took sannyāsa at the age of twenty-
four. So He's visiting. After sannyāsa He's going
to Jagannātha Purī. On the way He visited this Kṣīra-
corā-gopīnātha, Sākṣi-gopāla, and ultimately He came
to Jagannātha temple. And in the Jagannātha temple
was very crowded temple because it is always at least 500,
1,000 devotees are always seeing. It is significance
of Jagannātha temple. So He entered and as soon as He
saw Jagannātha He became overwhelmed with ecstasy
and fell down unconscious. So all the people gathered,
"He's a young sannyāsī. He has fallen down." So there
was Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya, the learned scholar
of Purī. He saw, "Oh, this young sannyāsī, He's not
ordinary." So he asked his men to carry Him to his place
and that will be the scene. Then after His departure His
followers will come, and they will search in the temple
that Caitanya Mahāprabhu is not there. Then
one Gopīnātha Ācārya, I think the character is
there? Gopīnātha Ācārya?
Hayagrīva: Now is this the...
Prabhupāda: Yes, Gopīnātha Ācārya.
Hayagrīva: Is this the learned brāhmaṇa?
Prabhupāda: Gopīnātha Ācārya
and Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya. They were brother-in-
law.
Hayagrīva: Saba...Be...
Prabhupāda: Bhauma.
Hayagrīva: Oh, his name is here. Yes, you didn't
mention...
Prabhupāda: And Gopīnātha Ācārya is also there.
Hayagrīva: Yes, all right. Sarvabhooma.
Prabhupāda: So just note down. First of
all, Caitanya Mahāprabhu enters the temple. As soon as
He sees Jagannātha He becomes fainted and fell down
unconscious. So all the visitors, they became astonished
that here is a young sannyāsī and how is that He has
fallen down? But Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya noted that
He is a high-grade sannyāsī. So he asked his men that
"You carry this body, unconscious body to my place." So
his men took away Caitanya Mahāprabhu's body
unconscious, and Sārvabhauma also and exit. Then after
their departure His party entered the
temple. Nityānanda, Gadādhara, and Murāri, all these
men entered. So Gopīnātha Ācārya was present there. He
was known to Gadādhara and Gadādhara inquired that
is there any sannyāsī who came here?
Then Gopīnātha Ācārya said, "Yes, we have seen
one sannyāsī. He fell down in ecstasy
and Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya has taken Him to his
home." So he invited, "All right, you come with me. I am
taking you there." So all the parties were taken
to Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya's place.
Hayagrīva: The friends of Caitanya. What are their
names again?
Prabhupāda: Their name is Nityānanda, Gadādhara...
Hayagrīva: What's that name?
Prabhupāda: Gadādhara.
Hayagrīva: Oh I see, yes. And Murāri.
Prabhupāda: And Murāri and Mukunda.
And Haridāsa also. Yes.
Hayagrīva: And Haridāsa. What about Advaita?
Prabhupāda: No, Advaita and Śrīnivāsa, they were left
in...
Hayagrīva: All right. They're not there.
Prabhupāda: The next scene comes to
the Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya's place.
Hayagrīva: Fourth scene.
Prabhupāda: Fourth scene. Yes.
Lord Caitanya meets Sārvabhauma. Now
from Jagannātha temple the next scene
is Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya's house. Do you follow?
Hayagrīva: Yes.
Prabhupāda: In that house, Caitanya,
Lord Caitanya was lying unconscious in ecstasy, the same
unconsciousness which He got from the temple.
So Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya was trying to treat Him
with some water so that He may come to consciousness.
Now when His other
friends, Nityānanda, Gadādhara and others arrived
there, they told, "Oh, Lord Caitanya, He becomes
unconscious while chanting. So He cannot be revived to
His consciousness by any other means. We have to
chant." So in the Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya's house that
chanting and dancing began with all the members, and
gradually Caitanya Mahāprabhu came to consciousness.
Then there was introduction
of Caitanya Mahāprabhu through Gopīnātha Ācārya
and Gadādhara. And Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya told that
"You become my guest, you, all of you." And he gave them
places. Then... Caitanya Mahāprabhu was only twenty-
four years old, and Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya, he was old
man, about sixty years old. So by acquaintance it was
disclosed that Sārvabhauma's father
and Caitanya Mahāprabhu's grandfather were class
friends. So Jagannātha Miśra in that
sense... Jagannātha Miśra means Caitanya's father, was a
relative, brother-in-law of Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya. So
he took Him affectionately and told Him, "My dear boy,
You have taken sannyāsa at a very early age. So You
should be very careful to study Vedānta-sūtra from me.
Otherwise it will be very much difficult for You, young
man." So He agreed, "Yes, you are just like My father. So
you will kindly give Me instruction on Vedānta-
sūtra." So there was discussion of the Vedānta-
sūtra between Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya and Caitanya
Mahāprabhu. That discussion is shortly mentioned in the
introduction of my Srimad-Bhāgavatam. You will see.
Hayagrīva: The discussion between Sarvabhooma?
Prabhupāda: And Caitanya.
Hayagrīva: And Caitanya, regarding...
Prabhupāda: Regarding Vedānta-sūtra.
Hayagrīva: That's in the introduction to Srimad-
Bhāgavatam. Yes, I remember that. All right. There's no
sense in going over that. All right. What is the outcome of
this now? Final outcome?
Prabhupāda: The outcome is that Sārvabhauma was
impersonalist and Caitanya Mahāprabhu was Vaisnava.
Then by argument, logic, and everything, that is shortly
described here, Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya became a
disciple of Lord Caitanya Mahāprabhu, and he became a
great devotee. That is the outcome. And it was a great
victory on the part
of Caitanya Mahāprabhu because Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭāc
ārya was known as the most stubborn scholar of logic of
that time and he became a devotee.
By Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya's becoming a devotee of
Lord Caitanya, practically He became victorious in His
missionary activities
because Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya was the learned
scholar in the assembly of the King of Orissa. So the King
of Orissa also became a devotee. And many other scholars
and big men.
Hayagrīva: Of Caitanya's. They all became devo...the
King of Orissa?
Prabhupāda: Yes, he became a great devotee.
Hayagrīva: That might even be mentioned in this
scene. I don't know if you can mention it here.
Prabhupāda: It is not mentioned, but...
Hayagrīva: Well, that's an outcome of this meeting
anyway.
Prabhupāda: When Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya was
meeting the King, the King inquired that "I have heard
that there is a big sannyāsī has come here. What is the
details of the sannyāsī? I've heard that you have also
become a disciple."
So Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya explained, "Yes, He's not
ordinary sannyāsī. He's Kṛṣṇa Himself so far I've
studied." So Bhaṭṭācārya, he was authority, a great
learned man. And the King, when he heard that He
is Kṛṣṇa, he also became a devotee. So all expenditure, all
everything was supplied by the King and his officers
to Caitanya Mahāprabhu. So many people... Always four
hundred, five hundred men were visiting Him. So
whoever would come he would supply food and place.
And Caitanya Mahāprabhu, He began His chanting
of Hare Kṛṣṇa in the Jagannātha temple. The same scene
is being performed here before the Jagannātha temple,
Lord Caitanya is dancing. When we perform the class I
remembered that scene. Yes.
That Caitanya Mahāprabhu is dancing
before Jagannātha. Every evening four parties. In each
party four mṛdaṅga and eight karatālas. So one party
this side, one party this side, one party back side, one
party front side, and Caitanya Mahāprabhu in the middle
would dance and the four parties will
chant Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa... That was
going on every evening so long He stayed
at Jagannātha Purī.
Hayagrīva: That only happened as long as He stayed
there. Is that right?
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: This no longer...they no longer do this.
Prabhupāda: No, not in that way, but kīrtana goes on
in the temple still.
Hayagrīva: Not to such an extent.
Prabhupāda: Sometimes to such an extent. But He was
different personality. In His presence, that was a
different thing. But Caitanya Mahāprabhu's, I mean to
say, Deity, is within the temple. That Deity is worshiped
and kīrtana takes place, Bhāgavata...(?)
Hayagrīva: In Jagannātha.
Prabhupāda: In Jagannātha Purī, yes.
Hayagrīva: All right. Now is that all of the fourth scene?
Anything else in the fourth scene?
Prabhupāda: No, nothing.
Hayagrīva: All right. Then that's the end of the third
act.
Prabhupāda: It is the end of third act. [break]
Hayagrīva: This is the fourth act, first scene.
Prabhupāda: Yes, fourth act, first scene.
Hayagrīva: Meets Rāmānanda Rāya.
Prabhupāda: Yes. Shall I speak?
Hayagrīva: Oh yes.
Prabhupāda: So after
converting Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya, Caitanya Mahāpr
abhu started for His South Indian tour. In South Indian
tour, before meeting Rāmānanda Rāya, He visited a very
nice temple which is called Vijaya Nṛsiṁha. Shall I...?
Shall you give that scene? That is very nice temple. Huh?
Hayagrīva: Yes. Go ahead.
Prabhupāda: Then the first scene will be the visit
of Vijaya Nṛsiṁha Garh temple.
Hayagrīva: Vijaya...
Prabhupāda: Vijaya Nṛsiṁha Garh.
Hayagrīva: I'll get the spellings of these from you later.
Prabhupāda: I'm spelling. V-i-j-a-y N-r-i-s-i-n-g-a
G-a-r-h. Vijaya Nṛsiṁha Garh temple. This is near
modern Visakhapatnam shipyard. There is a very great
Indian shipyard, Visakhapatnam. Formerly it was not
Visakhapatnam. So near that, five miles away from that
station there is that nice temple on the hill. So I think that
the temple scenery may be there
and Caitanya Mahāprabhu's visiting that temple. And
after that temple He came to the bank of river Godavari.
Just like the river Ganges is very sacred river, similarly
there are others, four other
rivers. Yamuna, Godavari, Kṛṣṇa, Narmada, Ganga, Yam
una, Godavari, Narmada, and Kṛṣṇa. These five rivers
are considered very sacred. So He came to the bank
of Godavari and He took His bath and was sitting in a
nice place underneath a tree and
chanting Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa. In the meantime He
saw that a great procession was coming, and that should
be the scenario of this... In that procession... Formerly
the kings and governors, they used to take bath in the
Ganges with their paraphernalia, band party and
many brāhmaṇas and all kinds of charitable things. In
this way they used to come to take bath. So
Lord Caitanya saw that somebody is coming in that great
procession, and He was told about Rāmānanda Rāya, the
governor of Madras
province. Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya requested Him that
"You are going to South India. You must
meet Rāmānanda Rāya. He's a great devotee." So when
He was sitting on the bank of
the Kaveri and Rāmānanda Rāya was coming in
procession, He understood that he is Rāmānanda Rāya.
But because He was sannyāsī, He did not address him.
But Rāmānanda Rāya, he was a great devotee, and saw a
nice sannyāsī, young sannyāsī was sitting and
chanting Hare Kṛṣṇa. Generally, the sannyāsīs they do
not chant Hare Kṛṣṇa. They, "Oṁ, oṁ..." Simply
sound oṁ. Not Hare Kṛṣṇa.
Hayagrīva: What do you mean He wouldn't address
him because He was a sannyāsī?
Prabhupāda: Sannyāsīn, the restriction is
the sannyāsī should not beg from pound-shilling man or
see them. That is a restriction. Women and men of
pounds-shillings-pence.
Hayagrīva: But I thought Rāmānanda Rāya was a
devotee.
Prabhupāda: But he was devotee, but undoubtedly, but
outwardly he was a governor. Outwardly.
So Caitanya Mahāprabhu did not go him, but he
understood that "Here is a nice sannyāsī." He came
down and offered his respect and sat down before Him.
And there was acquaintances, and Lord Caitanya said
that "Bhaṭṭācārya has already informed Me about you.
You are a great devotee. So I have come to see you." And
then he replied, "Well, what devotee? I am a pound-
shilling man, politician. But Bhaṭṭācārya is very kind to
me that he has asked Your Holiness to see me. So if You
have come, so kindly, kindly deliver me from this
material māyā." So there was appointment of time
with Rāmānanda Rāya and both of them met again in the
evening and there was discussion about, I mean to say,
spiritual advancement of life. Lord Caitanya inquired
from him and Rāmānanda Rāya replied. Of course, that's
a long story, how He questioned and how he replied.
Hayagrīva: Rāmānanda Rāya.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: Well, is that important? That's the scene
about the meeting.
Prabhupāda: Meeting, meeting, that discussion would
you like to give?
Hayagrīva: Well, if it has to be rendered in the scene it's
important. You want me to render the discussion?
Prabhupāda: Important is the scene that He
met Rāmānanda Rāya, he came in procession, that was a
nice scenery. These things are already complete. Now so
far the talks are concerned, the summary of the talk was...
Hayagrīva: Just give me the brief summary.
Prabhupāda: Brief summary... In this
scene Caitanya Mahāprabhu became the student. Not
exactly student. He inquired
and Rāmānanda Rāya answered. So the importance of
the scene is that Caitanya Mahāprabhu does not follow
the formality, only the sannyāsīs should be the spiritual
master. Anyone who knows the science of Kṛṣṇa, he can
be spiritual master. And to show this example practically,
although He
was sannyāsī and brāhmaṇa and Rāmānanda Rāya was
a śūdra and a gṛhastha, householder, still He became
like a student and
inquired Rāmānanda Rāya. Rāmānanda Rāya felt some,
I mean to say, hesitation that "How can I take the
position of a teacher to
a sannyāsī?" Then Caitanya Mahāprabhu replied, "No,
no. Don't hesitate." He stated that either one may be
a sannyāsī or he may be householder or one may be
a brāhmaṇa or śūdra, it doesn't matter. Anyone who
knows the science of Kṛṣṇa, he can take the place of
teacher. So that was His, I mean to say, gift. Because in
Indian society it is simply taken that the brāhmaṇas and
the sannyāsī can be spiritual master.
But Caitanya Mahāprabhu said, "No. Anyone can
become spiritual master provided he's conversant with
the science." And the summary of the discussion was how
to elevate oneself in the highest perfection of love of
Godhead. And that love of Godhead was described,
existed, I mean to say, superexcellently in Rādhārāṇī. So
in the bhāva, in the feature of Rādhārāṇī.
And Rāmānanda Rāya, in the feature of Rādhārāṇī's
associates Lalitā-sakhī, both of them embraced and
began to dance in ecstasy. That will be the end of the
scene. Both of them began to dance in ecstasy.
Hayagrīva: Rāmānanda Rāya...
Prabhupāda: And Caitanya Mahāprabhu.
Hayagrīva: All right. Now the second scene. Is that the
end of the first?
Prabhupāda: Second scene, fourth
act, Caitanya Mahāprabhu after finishing His South
Indian tour, He came back to Jagannātha Purī, His
headquarter, and after some days He started
for Vṛndāvana. While He was in Vṛndāvana He was
embracing the tree as old friend, and the birds were
sitting on His hand, as if receiving an old friend. Because
He was Kṛṣṇa. So after many years they have seen. And
that scene, if you can describe how He's traveling in
the Vṛndāvana forest. Then He took bath in the
several vānas and ghāṭas. Ghāṭas means bathing place
of Kṛṣṇa's pastimes. And everywhere He felt the ecstasy
of Rādhārāṇī, separation. In this way He returned
from Vṛndāvana, and when He came down to Prayag,
modern Allahabad, at that time He
met Rūpa Gosvāmī. Rūpa Gosvāmī.
Hayagrīva: Now you say the trees were old friends
because He could remember that He
was Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇa used to play in these forests. He used to
play in the forest. Yes. Now He met Rūpa Gosvāmī.
Prabhupāda: At Prayag.
Hayagrīva: At Prayag. Yes.
Prabhupāda: Allahabad. And...
Hayagrīva: What is His age? I just want to keep
checking on this, His age now. Is He twenty, in His
twenties still?
Prabhupāda: No, no. He took sannyāsa at twenty-
four. Say twenty-five, twenty-six years.
Hayagrīva: Couple years later. All right. Because time is
an important factor. You have to keep track of the time in
the play.
Prabhupāda: Yes. He toured, after His sannyāsa, He
toured all over India for six years only. That means up to
30th year He toured all over India. And from 30th year
to 48th year, 18 years, He constantly remained
at Jagannātha Purī. He used to chant in the temple and
meet His visitors. Especially during car festival ceremony
of Jagannātha, from Bengal about 400, 500 devotees
would go and meet Him, and they would remain there for
four months continually. July, August, September,
October. Four months. And then they would come back.
In this way, for 18 years He passed in Jagannātha Purī.
So Rūpa Gosvāmī, He met Rūpa Gosvāmī and He taught
him about the science of devotion for ten days. That
devotional service He instructed that the living entities
they're roaming in the 8,400,000 species of life.
Fortunately, if by the mercy of Kṛṣṇa and if he gets one
good spiritual master, then he learns about devotional
service. So He taught him about the science of devotional
service. That is the importance of
meeting Rūpa Gosvāmī. So here the scenery must be
mentioned. It is on the bank of Ganges. There is a
nice ghāṭa, just like... You have been to Benares? No. You
have been to Hardwar?
Hayagrīva: Yes.
Prabhupāda: You have seen many ghāṭas, bathing
places.
Hayagrīva: Oh yes, yes.
Prabhupāda: Similarly, there are ghāṭas in Benares,
Prayag, and all, I mean to say, Vṛndāvana. That is the
specific significance of Indian places of pilgrimage.
Hayagrīva: Yes. They bathe there every day I noticed.
Prabhupāda: Yes. So similarly, there is a ghāṭa which
is called Daśāśvamedha Ghāṭa at Prayag. He instructed
about the science of devotional service to Rūpa Gosvāmī.
Hayagrīva: Now how old is Rūpa Goswami? Is he an
old man?
Prabhupāda: Oh, he was old enough. He was not less
than fifty years at that time.
Hayagrīva: I see. All right. Anything else in the second
scene, fourth act?
Prabhupāda: That is it... And then He came back to
Benares.
Hayagrīva: Who?
Prabhupāda: Caitanya Mahāprabhu.
Hayagrīva: I thought He stayed in Jagannātha... He's
not now... He left...
Prabhupāda: No, from Jagannātha Purī He went
to Vṛndāvana. From Vṛndāvana while coming down
again He first of all came to Prayag. There He
taught Rūpa Gosvāmī. Then when He still came down He
came to Benares. At Benares He remained for two
months. More than two months. And for two months
continually He instructed Sanātana Gosvāmī about
devotional service. That instruction you'll find in
the Teachings of Lord Caitanya. I've written
that Teachings of Lord Caitanya?
Hayagrīva: Yes.
Prabhupāda: Yes. In that you'll find.
Hayagrīva: Now this third scene,
meets Sanātana Gosvāmī, that's in Benares.
And Sanātana is how old?
Prabhupāda: Sanātana was older than Rūpa Gosvāmī.
He was the eldest. He was not less than about 65 or 70
years old. He was old man. Sufficiently old man.
Hayagrīva: Yes. And of the instructions
to Sanātana Gosvāmī are in the Teachings of
Lord Caitanya. All right. Now...
Prabhupāda: Yes. Similarly, the fourth scene, the
teachings with Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī, that is also in
there.
Hayagrīva: Who is this?
Prabhupāda: Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī was at Benares.
He was a Māyāvādī sannyāsī, Śaṅkara sampradāya. So
he used to... This scene should be given that at Benares
He was also walking all over the streets and roads,
"Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa" and thousands and thousands
men were following Him. This news arrived
to Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī who was the
chief sannyāsī there and some of the devotees told, "Oh,
a very nice sannyāsī has come to Benares. He's
chanting Hare Kṛṣṇa."
So Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī deprecated, "Oh! This is a
nonsense! Why a sannyāsī should chant and dance? He
should concentrate his mind in studying Vedānta. He is a
fool." In this way Caitanya Mahāprabhu was criticized.
So one Maharastrian brāhmaṇa, he was devotee
of Caitanya Mahāprabhu. He said that "This incident
gave us much pain, sir. If You kindly meet
this sannyāsī and talk with him about Vedānta-
sūtra, that would be a nice thing." In the meantime
one brāhmaṇa came and invited Lord Caitanya that "I
have invited all the sannyāsīns of Benares, but I know
You do not meet these Māyāvādī sannyāsīs, but still I
have come to invite You. You kindly accept my
invitation." So Caitanya Mahāprabhu saw this
opportunity of meeting Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī. He
accepted his invitation, and there was a meeting, and
there was discussion of Vedānta-
sūtra with Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī, and He converted
him to be a Vaisnava. That is another incident.
Hayagrīva: How old is this man?
Prabhupāda: Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī? He was also old
man. Not less than sixty years old. Yes.
Hayagrīva: And what was his role again in the town?
What was he... He was a Vedantist?
Prabhupāda: Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī. He was
a Māyāvādī sannyāsī. He
accepted Caitanya Mahāprabhu's principle and he
offered his respect. He touched His feet. And he also
joined. But there is no mention that he became officially
a Vaisnava, but he accepted the philosophy
of Caitanya Mahāprabhu.
But Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya officially, he became
a Vaisnava. Then Lord Haridāsa meets...
Hayagrīva: Fifth scene.
Prabhupāda: Fifth scene.
Hayagrīva: This is Haridāsa Ṭhākura?
Prabhupāda: Haridāsa Ṭhākura.
Hayagrīva: At who's death? At Haridāsa's death?
Prabhupāda: Yes. Haridāsa was very old man. He was
Muhammadan.
Hayagrīva: He was the person that was thrown in the
river.
Prabhupāda: Yes.
Hayagrīva: So he finally met his end here, in the fifth
scene.
Prabhupāda: We are not meant for those... Of
course, Haridāsa Ṭhākura has a separate life, but that we
are not going to show.
Hayagrīva: Yes. All right. This particular incident.
Prabhupāda: Particular incident is significant,
that Caitanya Mahāprabhu was a brāhmaṇa and He was
a sannyāsī. According to social custom He should not
touch even a Muhammadan, but this Haridāsa Ṭhākura
was a Muhammadan, and at his death He took the body
Himself and danced, and He put him in the graveyard
and distributed prasādam. And Haridāsa Ṭhākura for
two, three days he was feeling not well. Because he was
Muhammadan he did not enter the temple
of Jagannātha temple. Because the Hindus were very
strict. He was devotee, he never mind. Why he should
create some row? So Caitanya Mahāprabhu appreciated
his behavior that he did not want to create any... Because
he has become devotee. Forcibly he was not going to the
temple. But Caitanya Mahāprabhu Himself was daily
coming and seeing him. While going to take bath in the
sea, He'll first of all see Haridāsa. "Haridāsa? What you
are doing?" Haridāsa will offer his respect and He will sit
and talk for some time. Then Caitanya Mahāprabhu will
go to take His bath. In this way, one day when He came
He saw Haridāsa not feeling very well. "Haridāsa? How
is your health?" "Yes Sir, it is not very... After all, it is
body." Then the third day He saw that Haridāsa is going
to leave his body today. So Caitanya Mahāprabhu asked
him, "Haridāsa, what do you desire?" Both of them could
understand. Haridāsa said that "This is my last stage. If
You kindly stand before me."
So Caitanya Mahāprabhu stood before him and he left
his body. (pause)
Hayagrīva: You mentioned that...
Prabhupāda: After his departure the body was taken
by Caitanya Mahāprabhu Himself, and other devotees
took him to the seaside and dug his graveyard. That grave
is still
in Jagannātha Purī. Haridāsa Ṭhākura's samādhi, tomb.
So Caitanya Mahāprabhu began to dance. That was the
ceremony. Because in a Vaiṣṇava ceremony, everything
is kīrtana and dance. So that was His last ceremony
of Haridāsa Ṭhākura.
Hayagrīva: You mentioned something
about Caitanya dancing with Haridāsa?
Prabhupāda: Haridāsa's body. Caitanya...dead body.
Haridāsa's dead body.
Hayagrīva: Oh, with his dead body?
Prabhupāda: Yes. His dead body.
Hayagrīva: After his death.
Prabhupāda: After his death.
Hayagrīva: Caitanya...
Prabhupāda: While, I mean to say, Haridāsa was alive,
he was dancing. But after the death
of Haridāsa, Caitanya Mahāprabhu Himself took the
body and began to dance with kīrtana. That means his
funeral ceremony was conducted
by Caitanya Mahāprabhu Himself. He took the body to
the seaside and in the graveyard He...
Hayagrīva: He conducted the...
Prabhupāda: Yes. Funeral ceremony, yes.
Hayagrīva: With a kīrtana.
Prabhupāda: With kīrtana. Kīrtana is always there.
And after burial there was distribution
of prasādam and kīrtana. Haridāsa Ṭhākura. So here
you have to show some talks with Haridāsa, how
feelingly.
Hayagrīva: All right. Are there any other... Is there any
other information about Haridāsa?
Prabhupāda: The life history of Haridāsa is that he was
born in a Muhammadan family. Someway or other he
became a devotee and was chanting 300,000
times Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Hare Hare,
Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare,
and Caitanya Mahāprabhu made him ācārya, the
authority of chanting. Therefore we glorify
him, "Nāmācārya Haridāsa Ṭhākura ki jaya." Because
he was made the ācārya, the authority of
chanting Hare Kṛṣṇa. Then, when
Lord Caitanya took sannyāsa, Haridāsa Ṭhākura
desired that "My dear Lord, You are leaving Nabadwip,
then what is the use of my life? Either you take me or let
me die." So Caitanya Mahāprabhu said, "No. Why shall
you die? You come with Me." So He took him
to Jagannātha Purī. At Jagannātha Purī, because he
considered himself born of Muhammadan family, he did
not enter. So Caitanya Mahāprabhu gave him a place
at Kāśīnātha Miśra's house and there he was chanting
and Caitanya Mahāprabhu's sending him prasādam. In
that way he was passing his days.
And Caitanya Mahāprabhu used to come and see him
daily, and one day he died like this.
Hayagrīva: All right. That's the end of the fourth act.
Now the fifth act...
Prabhupāda: The fifth act...
Hayagrīva: First scene.
Prabhupāda: Yes. This is the, in the fifth act, ecstasy.
At night Caitanya Mahāprabhu would become mad in
separation of Kṛṣṇa. He would dash His head on the
floor. Sometimes He would write with His nails and
sometimes He would go away. Although the house was
locked, He would go away, and sometimes He would be
found amongst the cowshed of Jagannātha Purī.
Sometimes He would be seen in the seashore. One day it
was so found that He fell in the ocean and some
fisherman caught Him in the net. And as soon as He was
in the net and the fisherman
touched Caitanya Mahāprabhu, he also began to
dance, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Hare Hare.
And his brothers, his fellow men thought, "Oh, he's
caught ghost, haunted." So in the meantime, His
secretary, Damodara Svarupa came to the seashore and
he saw that the fisherman was dancing. Then he could
understand that he must have some connection
with Caitanya Mahāprabhu, (laughs) otherwise why this
fisherman is dancing and Hare Kṛṣṇa? Then asked him,
"What has happened to you?" He said, "Sir, I do not
know. I am a fish-catcher. Now this morning I caught one
big fish, and as soon as I caught I am haunted. So I am
dancing." So Swarup Damodar, "Where is that fish, big
fish? Let me see." So he saw in the
net Caitanya Mahāprabhu. He
saw Caitanya Mahāprabhu, then he told him, "Yes. I'll
chant some mantra so the ghost will go away." So he
made him some show. "All right. Now your ghost is over."
So he took away Caitanya Mahāprabhu and
when Caitanya Mahāprabhu saw, He told Swarup
Damodar, "Why you have brought Me in the seaside? Oh,
I was seeing rāsa dance of Kṛṣṇa. I was enjoying." In this
way He was always in ecstasy. And in the last stage, the
same ecstasy, He entered Jagannātha temple and He
never came back. That is the end of (voice trails
off) Caitanya Mahāprabhu's... So you have to arrange
scenes and sounds. That's all.
Hayagrīva: Uh, now... In ecstasy here on the seashore,
I don't understand. He met this fisherman.
Prabhupāda: No! He, at night out of His own accord,
He came to the seashore and fell on the sea.
Hayagrīva: Oh, He threw Himself in the ocean.
Prabhupāda: In the ocean. Bay of Bengal. And the
fishermen they came to catch fish. So instead of
fish, Caitanya Mahāprabhu's body was in the net.
Hayagrīva: Oh, I see.
Prabhupāda: He already dropped Himself on the sea.
Hayagrīva: He was unconscious.
Prabhupāda: Unconscious. He was rolling in the sea.
Hayagrīva: So they brought Him out and some of His
friends went to find Him.
Prabhupāda: Not all. His secretary. Because he knew
that Caitanya must have gone somewhere. So while
inquiring where is Caitanya Mahāprabhu, when he came
to the seashore he saw that the fisherman was dancing.
Then he could understand he is dancing
with Hare Kṛṣṇa, that means he must have some
connection with Caitanya Mahāprabhu.
Hayagrīva: Oh.
Prabhupāda: Then when he inquired, he told him that
"I have caught this morning a big fish and since then I am
dancing. I do not know. I got mad. Perhaps I have been
caught by some ghost. So I do not know." So Swarup
Damodar just to pacify him, "Yes. I am just driving away
ghoul, mean to say, ghost. Don't worry. Where is that
fish? Let me see it." And when he saw that fish was caught
in the net, and it was Caitanya Mahāprabhu.
Hayagrīva: Now the second scene here, this is
when Caitanya on the seashore, this is when He would
walk around saying, "Where is Kṛṣṇa?" Is that right?
"Where is Kṛṣṇa" He would...
Prabhupāda: Yes. He was seen on the seashore within
the net after being caught by the fisherman. And when
He fell on the sea, that is not seen. You can make a scene
that Caitanya Mahāprabhu is
coming, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Hare...and fall down in the sea.
Then He was caught by the net of the fisherman.
Hayagrīva: What is the second scene?
Prabhupāda: This is the second scene I have described.
First scene and second scene.
Hayagrīva: The first scene also.
Prabhupāda: They are all. First, second scene, they are
all ecstasies. Yes. And the third scene similarly...
Hayagrīva: Wait. He must be in His forties now. This is
in His forties.
Prabhupāda: Yes. These ecstasies were going on daily
from His age 30th to 48th year.
Hayagrīva: 38 to 48, every day.
Prabhupāda: Not 38. 30th.
Hayagrīva: 30.
Prabhupāda: 30 to 48. 18 years. Sometimes He was
chanting, sometimes He was falling, sometimes He was
going there. That was His business all 18 years.
Hayagrīva: Every day?
Prabhupāda: Every day. Especially at night.
(Hayagrīva laughs) Simply... The whole program was the
whole day He would see the visitors. And so many visitors
were coming. In the evening He'll chant and dance in the
temple. And at night instead of sleeping He was doing all
these... Sometimes falling in the sea, sometimes here,
sometimes there. That was His business.
Hayagrīva: I see. Now this third scene.
Prabhupāda: Third scene. In the same way, one day
when He was 48 years old He entered
the Jagannātha temple...
Hayagrīva: And disappeared.
Prabhupāda: Disappeared. His friends outside waited
and waited, and He never come back. That's all.
Hayagrīva: They never knew what happened to Him.
They never found...
Prabhupāda: Yes, they knew that He was Kṛṣṇa. He
has merged into the existence of Jagannātha.
Hayagrīva: He left. Took off. All right. Now no more.
That's the end.
Prabhupāda: Now you write and I shall make some
addition or alteration when you write. This is the
synopsis and framework. Now you can proceed. (end)