Chapter 3-WPS Office

Chapter 3
Research Design and Methodology
Purpose of the Study
- Investigate crushed shell fragments as a substitute in commercial bricks.
- Determine properties, performance, and suitability for commercial use.
Research Design
Split into two parts:
Purpose and Research Design, and Methods.
- Research design involves an experimental approach for controlled testing.
- Qualitative experimental approach chosen for its consideration of technical, environmental, social,
and economic factors.
- Combining quantitative experimentation with qualitative analysis for a comprehensive

understanding.
Method
Quantitative Experimental Approach:
- Conduct experiments to test properties and performance of bricks with crushed shell fragments.
- Tests include compressive strength, water absorption, durability, thermal conductivity, and
dimensional stability.
- Compare results with traditional bricks for feasibility and advantages.
Qualitative Experimental Approach:
- Use mixed-methods research design.
Methods:
Literature Review:
Understand existing research on crushed shell fragments in brick production and relevant qualitative
methodologies.
Qualitative Data Collection:
Conduct interviews, focus groups, or surveys with stakeholders like manufacturers, construction
professionals, environmental experts, and community members.
Data Analysis:
Analyze quantitative data using statistical methods and qualitative data using thematic analysis.
Integration of Findings:
Combine quantitative and qualitative results to understand the potential of crushed shell fragments in
commercial bricks. Identify discrepancies and explore explanations.
Participants
- No human participants.
- 'Participants' are brick samples with varying percentages of crushed shell fragments.
Participants:
- Brick manufacturers: Experience with different materials and production processes.
- Material suppliers: Insights into sourcing and incorporation.
- Researchers and academics: Experts in alternative materials.
- Environmental organizations: Perspectives on environmental impact and sustainability.
- End users: Feedback on practical aspects and performance.
- Community members: Local perspectives on environmental concerns and cultural attitudes.

- Fellow researchers: Observations on the finished product (shell-based brick).
Purposive Sampling Method: Ensures selection of knowledgeable and diverse participants for rich
insights.
Materials
Materials:
- Crushed shell fragments: Obtained from mussel or oyster shells.
- Cement, sand, water: Common materials in brick production.
- Ratios and proportions vary based on experimental design and desired brick properties.
Materials and Procedures:
Qualitative Data Collection Tools: Interview guides, focus group discussion outlines, survey
questionnaires.
Documentation Materials: Notebooks, audio or video recording devices (if applicable), consent forms.
- Ensures effective qualitative data collection and documentation, maintaining safety, reliability, and
ethical compliance throughout the research process.
Procedure
Step 1: Collection and Preparation of Crushed Shell Fragments
- Obtain clean shell fragments from a reliable source.
- Crush fragments into suitable particle sizes.

Step 2: Mixing the Materials
- Determine ratios of crushed shell fragments, cement, sand, and water.
- Thoroughly mix to achieve homogeneous mixture.
Step 3: Brick Molding
- Fill molds with mixture and compact properly for shape and density.
- Allow bricks to cure under controlled conditions.
Step 4: Testing
- After curing, conduct tests to evaluate properties.
- Tests include compressive strength, water absorption, etc.
Step 5: Analysis
- Analyze test results and compare with traditional bricks.
- Assess feasibility and potential advantages of using crushed shell fragments in commercial brick
production.
Instrument
Qualitative Experimental Approach
Primary Instrument: Qualitative data collection instruments
1. Survey - Designed to gather subjective insights, perceptions, and attitudes of stakeholders.
Survey Questions: Explore different perspectives on crushed shell fragments in brick production.
2. Observation Checklist - Assess various aspects related to the use of crushed shell fragments in bricks.
Observation Checklist: Evaluate appearance, physical properties, structural integrity, and overall
performance of bricks made with crushed shell fragments.
Purpose: Comprehensive understanding of benefits and challenges, informing decision-making and

sustainable practices in the construction industry.

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Chapter 3

Research Design and Methodology

Purpose of the Study

- Investigate crushed shell fragments as a substitute in commercial bricks.

- Determine properties, performance, and suitability for commercial use.

Split into two parts:

Purpose and Research Design, and Methods.

- Research design involves an experimental approach for controlled testing.

- Combining quantitative experimentation with qualitative analysis for a comprehensive

Quantitative Experimental Approach:

- Compare results with traditional bricks for feasibility and advantages.

Qualitative Experimental Approach:

- Use mixed-methods research design.

Qualitative Data Collection:

Quantitative Experimental Approach:

Qualitative Experimental Approach:

- Brick manufacturers: Experience with different materials and production processes.

- Material suppliers: Insights into sourcing and incorporation.

- Researchers and academics: Experts in alternative materials.

- Environmental organizations: Perspectives on environmental impact and sustainability.

- End users: Feedback on practical aspects and performance.

- Community members: Local perspectives on environmental concerns and cultural attitudes.

Quantitative Experimental Approach:

- Crushed shell fragments: Obtained from mussel or oyster shells.

- Cement, sand, water: Common materials in brick production.

Qualitative Experimental Approach:

Materials and Procedures:

Step 1: Collection and Preparation of Crushed Shell Fragments

- Obtain clean shell fragments from a reliable source.

- Crush fragments into suitable particle sizes.

- Determine ratios of crushed shell fragments, cement, sand, and water.

- Thoroughly mix to achieve homogeneous mixture.

Step 3: Brick Molding

- Allow bricks to cure under controlled conditions.

- After curing, conduct tests to evaluate properties.

- Tests include compressive strength, water absorption, etc.

- Analyze test results and compare with traditional bricks.

Qualitative Experimental Approach

Primary Instrument: Qualitative data collection instruments

1. Survey - Designed to gather subjective insights, perceptions, and attitudes of stakeholders.

Purpose: Comprehensive understanding of benefits and challenges, informing decision-making and

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