1

ETR Oral
Function III

1. What is MARPOL 73/78 convention?

It is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the
Protocol of 1978.
It is designed to minimize pollution from ships by both accidental and operational causes.

2. What are the annexes of MARPOL?

Annex I - Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil:

Annex II - Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk:
Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form:
Annex IV - Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships:
Annex V - Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships:
Annex VI - Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships:

3. What are the special areas of MARPOL Annex I?

MEDITERRANEAN SEA / BALTIC SEA / BLACK SEA /

RED SEA / GULF AREA / GULF OF ADEN / ANTARCTIC AREA /
NW EUROPEAN WATERS (North Sea/ Irish sea/ Celtic Sea/ English Channel.)
OMAN AREA OF ARABIAN SEA / SOUTHERN SOUTH AFRICAN WATERS.

4. What are the items prohibited for incineration?

• ANNEX I, II, III cargo residues & related contaminated packing materials

• Garbage containing more than traces of heavy metals

• Refined petroleum products containing halogen compounds
• Sewage sludge & sludge oil either of which is not generated on board the ship

• Exhaust gas cleaning system residues

• PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)
• Polyvinyl chlorides (PVC)

5. Requirement of incinerator performance? MARPOL Annex.VI reg.16

Requirements of incinerator performance

• Monitoring of flue gas outlet temp shall be required at all times.
• Waste shall not be fed into a Continuous-feed shipboard incinerator when the temperature is
below the min allow temp of 850°C.
 2

• For Batch-loaded shipboard incinerators, the unit shall be designed so that the temp in the
combustion chamber shall reach 600°C within 5 minutes after start-up and will thereafter
stabilize at a temp not less than 850 °C.
• It must be ensured that the flue gas outlet temp monitoring system is operational.

6. What are the requirements of bilge water discharge from machinery space of a ship (400grt and
above) in special areas? MARPOL Annex.I Reg.15B

 En route
 Oil filtering equip: (approved type) as per Reg:14.7 (alarm/auto stop device)
 < 15 ppm
 Does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers
 Oily mixture is not mixed with oil cargo residues
 Prohibited in Antarctic area.

7. What is SOPEP?
 SOPEP is the Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.
 Every oil tanker of 150grt and above and every ship (other than an oil tanker) of 400grt and
above shall carry a SOPEP on board approved by the Administration.

8. What is the information contained in SOPEP?

 Action plan containing duty of each crew during oil spill, including emergency muster and
actions.
 General information about the ship and the owner of the ship, etc.
 Steps and procedure to contain spilt oil into the sea.
 Onboard reporting procedure and requirement.
 Authorities (port state control, oil clean-up team, etc.) to contact and reporting
requirements.
 Drawing of fuel lines & other oil lines with positions of vents, save-all trays, etc.
 General arrangement of ship with location of all the oil tanks with capacity, content, etc.
 Location of SOPEP locker and inventory list of contents inside.

9. Definition of sewages onboard?

• Drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets & urinals.
• Drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay, etc…) via wash basins, wash tubs and
scuppers located in such premises.
• Drainage from spaces containing living animals.
• Other waste water when mixed with the drainages defined above.

10. Briefly explain LSA?

 LSA stands for Life-Saving Appliances.
 Essential safety equipment carried onboard to ensure the safety of crew and passengers in
the event of an emergency.
 LSA includes various equipment such as lifeboats, life rafts, lifebuoys, life jackets,
immersion suits, distress flares, and other emergency signaling devices.
 3

11. How to handle and store chemical?

Chemical Storage and handling

 Store chemicals in a suitably contained safe area that is well marked.
 Corrosive chemical and oxidizer chemical should be in well segregated areas.
 Store chemicals in containers at single level so ingredients cannot mix.
 Keep chemicals below eye level to avoid accidental spillage over your face.
 Keep the lids on chemical containers tight and secure.
 Chemical is to be labelled and can be easily identified.
 DO NOT mix chemicals. This can result in serious harm including death.
 DO NOT mix drum pumps between chemicals as a dangerous reaction may occur.
 DO NOT put chemicals into unmarked containers.
 DO NOT use old food or drink bottles to prevent accidental ingestion.
 Be familiar with the MSDS.
 Wear appropriate PPE as per MSDS and the label. This may include goggles, gloves,
respirator, suits, and boots.
 Read the label on the container as this gives usage and mixing instructions.
 Mix or dilute the chemical as per the supplier’s instructions.

First Aid
 Know where the first aid kit is located.
 Be familiar with the eye wash liquid in first aid kit.
 Read and be familiar with first aid instructions on the label and MSDS about the specific
chemical being used.
 Health can be affected through contact with skin, eyes, inhalation, or ingestion.
 A splash to the eyes should be washed under cool running water for 15 minutes.

12. What are the procedures for handling, stowage and securing of stores

Inspection and securing for sea

The Master shall ensure that the Chief Officer and Chief Engineer secure or inspect movable or
vulnerable articles and equipment on board the vessel on the following occasions: -
• Before leaving port (or sheltered waters if unavoidable)
• If rough weather is expected
• Soon after navigation in rough weather
• Others, as required.

What to check
• All movable items on deck, inside accommodation and in E/R spaces, including under-deck
passages and steering flat are firmly secured.
• Any stores or spares received must be stowed at their designated positions. When unable to do
so immediately, they must be protected and lashed properly.
• Other loose items to be so secured to withstand the impact of rough sea.
 4

13. What is working aloft or overside?

Working aloft or overside means work being performed outboard of a vessel's hull or
superstructure at a height and involves risk of falling.

Guidelines
 Not to work overside when the vessel is underway unless it is necessary and as determined by
the Master.
 Personnel under training shall not be assigned aloft or over side related jobs.
 Power sources to potential hazards such as ship air whistle, radar, etc. should be isolated.
Accidental activation to be prevented using warning signs and / or removal of fuses.
 The area below the workspace should be, as far as possible cordoned off to prevent injury to
passers-by.
 Equipment to be used by the personnel working aloft or over side should be securely housed in
tool belts or bags. Tools or equipment that cannot be carried on a person should be hoisted to
the place of work in secure containers.
 Staging/scaffolding should be inspected thoroughly.
 Only equipment and ropes in good order should be used.
 Ladders must be safely secured to a strong point to prevent slippage.
 Proper PPE such as safety harnesses, helmets, goggles, gloves to be worn appropriately.

14. Hot work permit?

 A hot work permit is a safety document to ensure the safe execution of tasks involving open
flames, welding, cutting, or other activities that generate heat or sparks.
 Hot work permits are crucial for preventing accidents such as fires and explosions.

15. What is ISM, DOC, SMC, DPA?

ISM is the short form of International Safety Management, initiated by IMO.

DOC means Document of Compliance which is issued to the company following a successful audit of
the shore side aspects of the SMS.
SMC means Safety Management Certificate which is issued to the ship following audit.
DPA means Designated Person Ashore who is the key person to ensure effective implementation of
the company's safety management system and requires to be based ashore for developing and
implementing safety culture within the company.

16. Explain SOLAS requirement for emergency generator?

EMERGENCY GENERATOR SOLAS CH-2-1 PART D, REG 43/44

 It should automatically start & come on load within 45 seconds.
 It should have a minimum of 2 modes of starting arrangement.
a) Primary mode should be able to provide 3 consecutive starts.
b) Secondary mode should also give 3 consecutive starts in 30 minutes.
 It should be able to start at ambient temp. of 0°C.
 5

 If a ship is subjected to go in sub-zero area, then heating arrangements should be there.

 It should be able to provide minimum 18 hours for Navigational light, Internal communication &
fire pump.
 The fuel used must have a flash point not less than 43°C.
 Emergency generator able to operate up to 22.5° list and 10° trim.
 Emergency generator switchboard should be in the same compartment.
 Quick closing valve of the fuel tank is arranged outside Emergency Generator Room.

17. What is PSC, explain its objectives and deficiency action code?

Port State Control (PSC) is a maritime regulatory framework that allows maritime authorities to
inspect foreign ships in their ports to ensure compliance with international maritime conventions
and standards.

The primary objective of Port State Control is

- to promote maritime safety,
- to protect the marine environment, and
- to safeguard the rights of seafarers.
It is an essential mechanism to ensure that ships operating in international waters adhere to the
established regulations and standards.

Deficiency Action Code (DAC) is a system used by Port State Control officers to categorize and
record deficiencies found during inspections.
The three categories are:
I (Immediate Action Required): This indicates a serious deficiency that poses a direct threat to the
safety of the ship, the crew, or the environment. Immediate corrective action is required before the
ship is allowed to leave port.
D (Detention): This indicates a deficiency that is significant enough to warrant the detention of the
ship until the identified issues are rectified. The ship may be released only after the necessary
corrections have been made.
C (Recommendation): This indicates a less serious deficiency that should be rectified at the earliest
opportunity. The ship is usually allowed to sail, but the deficiency needs to be addressed within a
specified time frame.

18. What are Windlass safety devices?

Clutch Mechanism:
Brake System:
Overload Protection:
Emergency Stop Button:
Limit Switches:
Manual Override:

19. What is the Fire control plan, explain?

 A fire control plan is implemented onboard to prevent, control, and combat fires effectively.
 6

 It outlines the ship's fire prevention and firefighting arrangements.

 The fire control plan provides essential information for the crew, emergency responders, and
authorities to understand the vessel's layout and the location of firefighting equipment.

Key elements typically included in a fire control plan are:

Ship's General Arrangement:
Diagrams and layouts of the ship's compartments, decks, and spaces.
Details on the locations of firefighting equipment, alarms, and communication systems.
Firefighting Equipment and Systems:
Locations of fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, hoses, and other firefighting appliances.
Details on fixed firefighting systems such as sprinklers, CO2 systems, and foam systems.
Escape Routes and Emergency Exits:
Information on escape routes and emergency exits for crew and passengers.
Fire Zones and Bulkheads:
Identification of fire zones and the arrangement of fire-resistant bulkheads.
Ventilation Systems:
Details on ventilation systems and procedures for controlling them during a fire.
Fire Detection and Alarm Systems:
Locations of smoke detectors, heat detectors, and other fire detection devices.
Alarm signals and procedures for alerting the crew in case of a fire.
Communication Procedures:
Protocols for communication during a fire emergency, including the use of onboard communication
systems and coordination with external authorities.
Emergency Procedures:
Step-by-step instructions for responding to a fire emergency.
Roles and responsibilities of crew members during firefighting operations.

20. What are the Permits-To-Work (PTW)?

 Permits-to-work (PTW) are important safety documents to control and manage high-risk
activities.
 Permits-to-work help ensure that specific tasks are carried out safely and all necessary
precautions are taken to prevent accidents.
 Permits commonly found on board are:
Hot Work Permit: (for tasks involving open flames, welding, cutting, or any other hot work).
Cold Work Permit: (for activities not involving heat or sparks but may still pose safety risks.
E.g. maintenance work, painting, or general repairs).
Confined Space Entry Permit: (for entering confined spaces on the ship, such as tanks, void
spaces, or compartments).
Electrical Work Permit: (for tasks related to electrical systems, repairs, or maintenance).
Working at Height Permit: (for tasks that involve working at elevated positions, such as on
masts, rigging, or other elevated structures).
 7

21. What is Risk assessment?

Risk assessment is a careful examination of:

- What could cause harm
- Whether enough precautions have been taken
- Whether more should be done to prevent harm

Risk assessment process is the process of:

- Identifying hazards.
- Analyzing or evaluating the risk associated with that hazard.
- Determining appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.

Two elements in risk assessment:

1) Likelihood that a hazard may occur
2) Consequences of the hazardous event.

Aims of Risk Assessment

To minimize accidents and ill health on board ship.

22. What are the steering gear tests before ship departure?

Regulation 26 - Steering gear: testing and drills

 Within 12 hours before departure, the ship's steering gear shall be checked and tested by the
ship's crew. The test procedure shall include the operation of the following:
 the main steering gear.
 the auxiliary steering gear.
 the remote steering gear control systems.
 the steering positions located on the navigation bridge.
 the emergency power supply.
 the rudder angle indicators in relation to the actual position of the rudder.
 the remote steering gear control system power failure alarms.
 the steering gear power unit failure alarms;
 automatic isolating arrangements and other automatic equipment.

 The checks and tests shall include:

 the full movement of the rudder according to the required capabilities of the steering gear.
 a visual inspection for the steering gear and its connecting linkage; and
 the operation of the means of communication between the navigation bridge and steering
gear compartment.

23. What are the Main steering gear SOLAS requirements?

 Rudder stock shall be of adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at maximum ahead
speed.
 Capable of putting rudder over from 35° on one side to 35° another side at its deepest draft and
maximum ahead service speed and 35° on either side to 30° on another side in 28 seconds.
 8

 Operated by power and designed so as not to incur damage at maximum astern speed.

24. What are the Aux steering gear SOLAS requirements?

 Capable of putting the rudder 15° on one side to 15° on the other side in 60 seconds, when
vessel at the deepest draft and running ahead at ½ maximum ahead service speed or 7 knots
whichever is greater.
 Adequate strength and capable of steering at a navigable speed.
 Steering gear control from Navigation Bridge and locally.
 Auxiliary steering gear controls from locally and if power operated also operable from
Navigation Bridge.
 Steering capability to be regained in not more than 45 seconds after the loss of one power
system.

25. Which type of fire extinguisher should be used for electrical fire?

 Class C fire extinguishers such as Dry chemical powder extinguisher and Carbon dioxide
(CO2) extinguisher are designed specifically for electrical fires.
 These extinguishers typically use non-conductive agents to suppress the fire without posing
a risk of electrical shock to the user.

26. What is MLC 2006?

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC, 2006) was
introduced to help ensure that all seafarers, regardless of their nationality and the flag of the ships
they work on, can enjoy decent working and living conditions.

The Convention consists of five Titles:

Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship.
Title 2: Conditions of employment.
Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering.
Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection.
Title 5: Compliance and enforcement - on board complaint procedures.

27. What is the Cabin requirement of MLC?

When sleeping accommodation on board ships is required, the following requirements for
for sleeping rooms apply:
 (a) in ships other than passenger ships, an individual sleeping room must be provided for each
seafarer; in case of ships less than 3000 gross tonnage or special purpose ships, exemptions
from this requirement may be granted after consultation with the shipowners’ and seafarers’
organizations concerned.
 (b) in single berth seafarers’ sleeping rooms the floor area should be not less than:
(i) 4.5 square meters in ships of less than 3000 grt.
(ii) 5.5 square meters in ships of 3000 grt or over but less than 10,000 grt.
(iii) 7 square meters in ships of 10,000 grt or over.
 9

28. What is Rest/ work hour of MLC?

WORK REST hours as per MLC2006

The minimum hours of rest for seafarers working on a ship should be:
10 hours in any 24-hour period;
77 hours in any 7-day period.
Hours of rest may be divided into no more than 2 periods, one of which shall be at least 6 hours in
length.

29. What is the enclosed space and explain the enclosed space entry procedures?

Enclosed space
 An enclosed space is a space which is not designed for continuous worker occupancy and has
either or both of the following characteristics: limited openings for entry/exit, and inadequate
ventilation.
 Examples: Cargo holds / Pipe tunnels / Ballast tanks / Pump rooms / Peak tanks / Void spaces /
Bunker tanks / Cofferdams / Fresh water tanks / Chain lockers / Battery lockers / Bottom tanks /
Paint - chemical lockers / Boiler furnaces / Engine crankcases.

Enclosed entry procedures

 Risk Assessment.
 Signage and Barricading.
 Isolation of Hazards.
 Cleaning, Purging & Ventilation.
 Atmosphere Testing & Monitoring.
 Completion of an Entry Permit.
 The Role of the Standby Person.
 Rescue & Emergency Plan.

30. What is Ballast Water Management?

 In 2004 the IMO adopted the "International Convention for the Control and Management of
Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments" to control the environmental damage from ballast water.
 The Convention will require all ships to implement a "Ballast water management plan" including
a Ballast water record book and carrying out ballast water management procedures to a given
standard.
 Ballast water exchange while at sea (the ship should be minimum 200 nautical miles from shore
with a depth of minimum 200 metres and can use the flow through or sequential method).
 At least 95% of the total ballast water should be exchanged.
 Treatment of the ballast water by chemical or mechanical influences (UV-radiation, filter,
deoxygenation, cavitation, ozone…)
 The goals of the convention are to minimize damage to the environment by:
- Minimizing the uptake of organisms during ballasting.
- Minimizing the uptake of sediments during ballasting.
 10

31. What is EEBD?

 EEBD stands for Emergency Escape Breathing Device.
 It is a safety apparatus used in environments where the air may become contaminated or
unsafe, such as in emergency situations on board ships.
 The primary purpose of an EEBD is to provide a means for individuals to escape from such
environments by supplying them with a temporary source of breathable air.
 EEBDs usually includes a hood or a mask, a breathing bag or canister containing compressed air
or a chemical oxygen generator, and a means of securing it to the user, such as a harness or
shoulder straps.
 In the event of an emergency, individuals can quickly put on the EEBD to protect themselves
from toxic gases, smoke, or other hazardous substances in the air.

32. Navigational light equipment?

 Essential safety equipment on board vessels, helping to signal the presence, size, and status of a
vessel to other ships to prevent collisions at sea.
 The specific lights required depend on the type and size of the vessel, as well as its activities and
whether it is underway or at anchor.
 The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) outline the
requirements for navigational lights.
Masthead Light (White): Forward-facing light placed at the highest point. Should be visible over
an arc of the horizon of 225°, from right ahead to 22.5° abaft the beam on either side.
Port Light (Red): A red light on the port (left) side of the vessel.
Starboard Light (Green): A green light on the starboard (right) side of the vessel.
Should be visible over an arc of the horizon of 112.5°, from right ahead to 22.5° abaft the beam
on their respective sides.
Stern light (White): White light placed at the stern of the vessel. Should be visible over an arc of
the horizon of 135°, from right aft to 67.5° on either side.
Anchor Light (White): White light showing in all directions to indicate that a vessel is at anchor.
Masthead All-Round Light (White): Used by power-driven vessels underway but not making way
(i.e., not moving through the water).
Yellow Towing Light (Yellow): Two yellow towing lights in a vertical line indicate that a vessel is
towing astern.
Yellow Towing Light (Yellow) and Sternlight (White): A yellow towing light above a white stern
light indicates that a vessel is towing alongside.

33. What are Lifting gears on onboard?

 Cranes: Different types of cranes are used on ships for lifting and moving heavy loads. Common
types include deck cranes, pedestal cranes, and gantry cranes.
 Winches: Winches are for hauling or lifting heavy loads by winding the rope or cable onto a
drum. They are commonly used for anchoring, mooring, and cargo handling.
 Hoists: Hoists are mechanical devices used for lifting or lowering loads. They can be manual or
powered and are often used in conjunction with lifting equipment.
 11

 Davits: Davits are specialized lifting devices used for launching and recovering lifeboats, life
rafts, or other equipment.
 Hooks and Shackles: These are essential for attaching loads to lifting equipment. Shackles are
used to connect various lifting accessories, while hooks are used to connect the load to the
lifting apparatus.
 Blocks and Pulleys: Blocks and pulleys are used to change the direction of a force applied to a
load. They are often employed to increase the mechanical advantage of a lifting system.
 Spreader Bars: Spreader bars are used to distribute the load more evenly when lifting large or
awkwardly shaped objects. They help prevent damage to the load and improve stability during
lifting.
 Slings: Slings are flexible straps or chains used for lifting and securing loads. They come in
various materials, such as wire rope, chain, or synthetic fibers.

34. Explain Deck machinery system?

Deck machinery systems on board a ship plays a crucial role in various operations related to cargo
handling, anchoring, mooring, and other deck activities.

Some common deck machinery systems found on ships:

Windlass: for raising and lowering the ship's anchor. It consists of chain lifter, cable drum, warp
end, etc.
Mooring Winches: for handling mooring lines during the ship's arrival and departure from ports.
They help in securing the ship to the dock.
Crane: On cargo ships, cranes are used for lifting and lowering cargo to and from the ship's hold.
Davits: Davits are used for launching and recovering lifeboats and rescue boats.
Deck Rollers and Fairleads: used to guide ropes and cables in a controlled manner, preventing
chafing and ensuring proper alignment.
Refrigerated Container Sockets: provided on deck to supply power to refrigerated containers.
Hatch Covers: essential for covering and sealing the ship's cargo holds to protect the cargo.
Bollards and Cleats: These are fixed to the deck to provide strong points for securing mooring lines.
Tensioning Devices: Used for maintaining tension in wires and cables, especially in dynamic
positioning systems.
Deck Cranes: Besides cargo cranes, some ships may have additional deck cranes for various
purposes, such as handling heavy equipment or machinery.

35. Explain emergency fire pump?

EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP SOLAS CH-2-2 PART C REG 10

 It should be located outside E/R.
 It must have its own suction.
 The total suction head should not exceed 4.5mtr.
 Pump capacity must not be less than 25 m3/hr (or) should not be less than 40% of the total
capacity of fire p/p.
 Must be able to deliver 2 jets of water having a horizontal throw not less than 13 meters.
 Pressure at any hydrant: –
Not less than 2.7 bar (onboard ship > 6000GRT)
 12

Not less than 2.5 bar (onboard ship 1000 – 6000GRT)

 The emergency fire pump can be driven in two ways:
1) Using a diesel engine. (Separate fuel tank to be provided outside Engine Room and
should be able to run for 3hours)
2. Using an electrical motor supplied from the emergency generator.
(Heating arrangement to be provided, which should be from Emergency Switch Board)

36. Explain GMDSS system?

 GMDSS stands for the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System.
 It is designed to enhance maritime safety and security.
 GMDSS is mandatory for all seagoing vessels subject to the SOLAS.
 GMDSS is implemented through a combination of satellite and terrestrial radio
communication systems.
 GMDSS ensures that vessels can communicate in emergency situations, enhancing the
overall safety of maritime navigation.
 The system includes various types of equipment such as: EPIRB / SART / VHF Radios / MF
HF Radios / Inmarsat Satellite Communication Systems / NAVTEX / Digital Selective Calling
(DSC).

37. What are Purifier operation checklists?

Below is a general checklist for the operation of a purifier on a ship:

Ampere: Monitor the driving motor ampere within normal operating range.
Oil Temperature:
Monitor and maintain the purifier's oil temperature within the specified operating range.
Flow Rate:
Check and adjust the oil flow rate according to the purifier's specifications.
Water Supply:
Ensure availability of adequate supply of water to the purifier for bowl closing, bowl opening and
sealing.
Alarm Systems:
Ensure that alarm systems for abnormal conditions (e.g., overflow, back pressure, throughput) are
operational.
Pressure Control:
Check and adjust the pressure control settings to maintain optimal conditions.
Noise & vibration: Ensure no abnormal vibration and noise, etc.
Emergency Procedures:
Ensure that the crew is familiar with emergency procedures in case of purifier malfunction or other
critical situations.

38. What is a muster list?

 A muster list outlines the roles and responsibilities of each crew member in the event of an
emergency or a drill.
 13

 It is a crucial part of the ship's safety management system and is required to ensure the
safety of the crew and passengers.
 The muster list is typically displayed prominently in crew areas and passenger areas on the
ship.
 The muster list includes information such as: Crew Positions: Assembly Stations: Emergency
Procedures: Communication Protocols: Evacuation Procedures:

39. Where is Bulwark and Collision bulkhead?

Bulwark
It is the vertical extension of the ship's side above the level of the main deck. It runs along the outer
edges of the main deck.
Bulwark prevents water from entering the ship's deck during rough seas. It is also to keep crew
members safe from waves and other potential hazards on the open sea.

Collision Bulkhead:
It is a reinforced bulkhead (a vertical partition) located in the forward part of the ship.
It is typically situated near the bow (front) of the vessel.
It enhances the safety and integrity of the ship by providing a strong barrier that can withstand
impact in the event of a collision.

40. Explain SOLAS battery room requirements?

BATTERY ROOM SOLAS SH-2-1 PART D REG 43

 Automatically connecting to ESB after the main source fails.
 Immediately supplying at least those services specified for emergency source.
 The battery should not discharge more than 12% of nominal voltage.
 The battery room is designed in such a way that it will prevent spillage of electrolyte &
emission spray.
 Battery room to be painted with an acid-resistant paint.
 The lighting should be fitted with flameproof (Ex’d).
 Proper illumination to be arranged.
 No smoking & no naked lights placards must be posted.

41. What are the fixed firefighting systems onboard.

Fixed Firefighting Systems:

 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) System:
CO2 is a clean and efficient agent for suppressing fires by displacing oxygen. It is commonly
used in engine rooms and other enclosed spaces.
 Foam Firefighting System:
Foam is used to suppress fires involving flammable liquids. Foam systems are often
installed in areas like cargo holds and fuel storage areas.
 14

 Water-Based Firefighting System: Water is a traditional firefighting medium. Sprinkler

systems and water mist systems are used to control fires in various ship compartments.

42. Explain fire detectors onboard.

Fire Detection and Alarm Systems:

Smoke Detectors: to sense the presence of smoke, indicating a potential fire.
Heat Detectors: to detect the increase in temperature, signaling a fire.
Flame Detectors: to detect the presence of flames.

43. What is hydrophore system and mountings?

 A hydrophore system is a water pressure boosting system commonly used onboard.

 Its primary function is to maintain a consistent and reliable water supply at a required pressure
for various applications on board.
 The hydrophore system ensures that there is sufficient water pressure for domestic use,
firefighting, and other essential services.

The key components and mountings of a hydrophore system typically include:

Hydrophore Tank:
Pump(s):
Pressure Switch:
Pressure Reducing Valve:
Check Valve:
Safety Valve:
Isolation Valves:
Pressure Gauges:
Control Panel:
Piping and Fittings:

44. What are the Contingency plan?

These contingency plans are typically part of a vessel's SMS and are developed in accordance with
the ISM Code.
It's crucial for maritime personnel to be trained on these plans and conduct regular drills to ensure
effective responses in emergency situations.
Fire Contingency Plan:
Abandon Ship Contingency Plan:
Man-Overboard Contingency Plan:
Collision or Grounding Contingency Plan:
Pollution Contingency Plan:
Medical Emergency Contingency Plan:
Security Contingency Plan:
Weather-related Contingency Plan:
 15

Mechanical Failure Contingency Plan:

Communication Contingency Plan:

45. What is cold room inspection?

Temperature Control: to ensure that the cold rooms maintain the required temperatures for the
specific cargo being transported.
Thermometers and Monitoring Devices: checking the accuracy and functionality of
thermometers and other temperature monitoring devices installed in the cold rooms.
Insulation and Seals: Checking the insulation of cold rooms, seals on doors and access points to
prevent heat exchange between the interior and exterior environments.
Ventilation: Proper ventilation to distribute cold air evenly throughout the cold room.
Hygiene and Cleanliness: for cleanliness of the storage area, including the walls, floors, and
storage racks to maintain the quality and safety of the stored goods
Emergency lock-in alarm: this alarm is fitted to help a person who is locked inside the cold room
accidentally.
Documentation: documentation related to the cold room, such as temperature logs,
maintenance records, and any relevant certificates or permits.

46. Explain types of Drill?

Fire Drill: firefighting techniques, evacuation procedures, and the use of firefighting equipment.
Abandon Ship Drill: use of lifeboats, life rafts, life jackets, and other survival equipment.
Man-overboard Drill: immediate response, including launching rescue boats and deploying
lifebuoys.
Oil Spill Response Drill: response to an oil or chemical spill, including the deployment of
containment and cleanup equipment. Location of SOPEP kit and familiarization.
Emergency Steering Drill: Simulates a situation where the ship's primary steering system fails.
Collision Drill: procedures for assessing damage, communication with other ships, and taking
necessary actions to control the situation.
Muster Drill: familiar with the location of muster stations, the proper use of life jackets, and the
procedures to follow in case of an emergency.
Security Drill: security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the ship and respond to
potential security threats, including piracy or terrorism.
Search and Rescue Drill: coordinating search and rescue operations in the event of a distress call
or when responding to distress signals from other vessels.
Medical Emergency Drill: ensuring that the crew is trained to provide first aid, use medical
equipment, and follow proper procedures.