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Power Quality and Facts

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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170921
Semester – VII
Subject Name: Power Quality and FACTS

Type of course: Professional Elective Course

Prerequisite: Power Electronics, Power systems

Rationale:

Electrical Power systems are heavily loaded because of the increase in the demand and restructured power
system operation. The technical solution of utilizing available power system structure to deliver more power
is using the power electronics devices in power systems for reactive power compensation and HVDC. The
other uses of power electronics devices in the distribution and at consumer levels are also inevitable. The
more and more use of power electronics devices in the power systems at every stage increases the problem
of power quality. The course is aimed to provide exposure about power quality; the commonly used power
electronics based compensating devices, its impact on Power Quality and various power quality mitigation
techniques.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:


Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total
L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks Marks
ESE PA ESE PA
(E) (M) Viva (V) (I)
3 0 0 3 70 30 0 0 100

Content:

Sr. No. Content Total


Hrs
1 Power Quality 06
Introduction, Importance of Power Quality, Common Disturbances in Power
Systems, Short-Duration Voltage Variation, Long-Duration Voltage Variations,
Transients, Impulsive Transients, Oscillatory Transients, Voltage Imbalance,
Harmonics, Interharmonics, DC Offset, Notching, Noise, Voltage Fluctuations,
Power Frequency Variations, Solutions to Power Quality Problems, Ambiguous
Terms CBEMA and ITI Curves, Features of Voltages in Power Systems,
Grounding, Ground Electrodes, Ground Rods, Ground Rings, Plates Signal
Reference Ground (SRG), Single-Point and Multipoint Grounding, Ground Loops,
Isolated Ground, Electrochemical Reactions Due to Ground Grids, Reactive Power
in Power Systems with Harmonic Distortion, Single-Phase Systems, Reliability,
Power Quality Data Collection .
2 Static Var Compensators 09
Introduction, Different Static Var Compensators, Increase in Transient Stability
Margin, Damping of Power Oscillations, Voltage Support, Static Var Compensator
Systems Versus Synchronous Condensers, Capacitors, and Reactors, Shunt and
Series Compensation, Fundamentals of Load Compensation, Reactive Power
Relationships Between Wye- and Delta-Connected Systems, Static Var
Compensators for Transmission Systems, SVC Using a TCR and an FC, SVC Using
a TCR and TSC, STATCOM (SVC Using Self-Commutated Inverters), SVC Using
Page 1 of 3
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170921
a Saturated Reactor (SR), Comparison of Static Var Systems, Specification of SVCs,
FACTS Technology, Types of FACTS Controllers, Series Controllers, Shunt
Controllers, Combined Series and Shunt Controllers, Case Study, Importance Three-
Phase Power Flow Studies for PQ.
3 Control of Static Var Compensators 06
Introduction, Control Systems for SVCs in Transmission System Applications,
Voltage Regulation, Gain Supervision, Reactive Power Control and Coordination,
Control Signals for System Transient Stability, Power Oscillation Damping, and
Subsynchronous Resonance Damping Enhancement, Control Systems for SVCs in
Traction Applications, Load Compensation, Voltage Regulation and Balancing,
Measurement of Sequence Components, Phase-Locked Oscillator Control System.
4 Harmonics 06
Introduction, Converter Harmonics, Effect of Transformer Connections, Harmonics
When There Is Overlap in the Commutation Process, Direct-Voltage Harmonics,
Imperfect System Conditions, Single-Phase Power Supplies, DC Drives, AC Drives,
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM), Telecontrol Signals, Cycloconverters,
Transformers, Harmonics in No-Load Exciting Current, Harmonics due to Inrush
Current, DC Magnetization, Harmonics in Rotating Machines, Harmonics in Arc
Furnace Loads, Harmonics in a Thyristor-Controlled Reactor, TheK-Factor.
5 Utility Harmonics Regulations and Standards 06
Introduction, Undesirable Effects of the Harmonics, Specification of the Harmonic
Limits, Philosophical Differences between IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-Series
Standards, IEEE 519-1992, IEC 61000-Series Standards, Assessment Procedure
(Harmonic Limits), Summation Laws for Combining Harmonics, General
Comments on the Standards, Allocation of Harmonic Voltage or Current or Both
Limits to the Customers, Empirical Nature of the Standards, Legal Responsibility for
Damages due to Harmonic Problems, Application of the Standards, Application of
Standards—B.C. Hydro's Approach, Examples of the Harmonic Studies.
6 Harmonic Filters 06
Introduction, Undesirable Effects of Harmonics, Harmonic Sources, Types of Filters,
Types of Damped Filters, AC Network Impedance, Overhead Lines, Underground
Cables, Transformers, Rotating Machines, Passive Loads, Electronic Loads, Norton
Equivalents of Residential Loads, Design of Single-Tuned Filters, Filter
Performance Evaluation, Design of Damped Filters, Comparison of Tuned and
Damped Filters, Filter Component Ratings, Filter Capacitors, Tuning Reactors,
Outline of Filter Design.
7 Monitoring Power Quality 06
Introduction, Site Surveys, Spectrum Analyzers, Special-Purpose Power System
Harmonic Analyzers, Transient-Disturbance Analyzers, Combination Disturbance
and Harmonic Analyzers, Flicker Meters, Transducers, Measurement of the
Frequency Response of Instrument Transformers, Description of the Instrument
Transformers' Tests, Summary of the Conclusions from the Tests, Voltage
Transformers, IEC-Recommended Measurement Techniques for Harmonics,
Harmonics, RMS Value of a Harmonic Group, RMS Value of a Harmonic
Subgroup, Total Harmonie Distortion (THD), Group Total Harmonic Distortion
(THDG), Subgroup Total Harmonic Distortion (THDS), Partial Weighted Harmonic
Distortion (PWHD), Interharmonics, RMS Value of an Interharmonic Component,
RMS Value of an Interharmonic Group, RMS Value of an Interharmonic-Centered
Subgroup, Relative and Absolute Harmonic Phase Angle Measurement, Necessity
for the Measurement of Harmonic Voltages and Currents, Harmonic Monitoring
System, Continuous Harmonic Analysis in Real Time, Presentation of Harmonic
Page 2 of 3
w.e.f. AY 2018-19
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3170921
Measurements, Case Study, Flicker, IEC Flicker Meter, Short-Term Flicker
Evaluation, Flicker Standards

Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory): (For BE only)

Distribution of Theory Marks

R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level


15 30 30 15 10 -

Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create


and above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual
distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

Reference Books:

1. R. Sastry Vedam, Mulukulta S Sarma “Power Quality VAR Compensation in Power Systems” CRC
Press Indian Edition Indian reprint 2013
2. C.Sankaran, “Power Quality”, First Indian reprint, CRC press
3. T. K. Nagsarkar and M. S. Sukhija “Power System Analysis” Oxford University Press

Course Outcomes:

After completing the course, students will be able to;

Sr. CO statement Marks %


No. weightage

CO-1 Explain Various Power Quality terms of Electrical Power System 25

CO-2 Analyze the application of Static Var Compensators for reactive power 25
compensation in power systems.
CO-3 Analyze the causes of Harmonics, its effect on various equipment and its mitigation 25
techniques.
CO-4 Evaluate performance of power systems (in regards to Power Quality Issues) under 25
various power quality polluting devices using appropriate power quality monitoring
tools.

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/106/108106025/

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w.e.f. AY 2018-19

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