PROJECT

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
What is E-Commerce?
E-commerce is the activity of electronically buying or selling of
products on online services or over the Internet. The term was
coined and first employed by Dr. Robert Jacobson, Principal
Consultant to the California State Assembly's Utilities & Commerce
Committee, in the title and text of California's Electronic Commerce
Act, carried by the late Committee Chairwoman Gwen Moore and
enacted in 1984. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such
as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain
management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing,
electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems,
and automated data collection systems. E-commerce is in turn
driven by the technological advances of the semiconductor
industry, and is the largest sector of the electronics industry.
Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web
for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle although it may
also use other technologies such as e-mail. Typical e-commerce
transactions include the purchase of online books (such as
Amazon) and music purchases (music download in the form of
digital distribution such as iTunes Store), and to a less extent,
customized/personalized online liquor store inventory services.
There are three areas of e-commerce: online retailing, electronic
markets, and online auctions. E-commerce is supported by
electronic business. E-commerce businesses may also employ
some or all of the followings:
 Online shopping for retail sales direct to consumers via Web
sites and mobile
apps, and conversational commerce via live chat, chatbots, and
voice assistants;
Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which
process thirdparty business-to-consumer (B2C) or
consumer-to-consumer (C2C) sales;
Business-to-business (B2B) buying and selling;
Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts
and social media;
Business-to-business (B2B) electronic data interchange;
2
Marketing to prospective and established customers by
e-mail or fax (for
example, with newsletters);
Engaging in pretail for launching new products and services;
Online financial exchanges for currency exchanges or trading
purposes.
IT INCLUDES:-
1. B2C – business to patron.
B2C organizations sell to their end-consumer. The B2C
version is the maximum commonplace business
model, so there are many particular methods below this
umbrella.
some thing you purchase in an internet keep as a patron
— assume wardrobe, household
elements, enjoyment — is performed as a part of a B2C
transaction.
The selection-making technique for a B2C purchase is a
good deal shorter than a enterprise-tobusiness (B2B)
buy, specifically for gadgets that have a lower value.
consider it: it’s a lot less difficult with a view to
determine on a brand new pair of tennis footwear than
for
your company to vet and purchase a brand new email
carrier company or meals caterer.
because of this shorter sales cycle, B2C corporations
usually spend less advertising and marketing
greenbacks to make a sale, however actually have a
lower average order value and much less routine
orders than their B2B counterparts.
2. B2B – commercial enterprise to
commercial enterprise.
In a B2B enterprise model, a commercial enterprise sells
its products or services to every other commercial
enterprise.
every so often the client is the stop person, but often the
consumer resells to the consumer.
B2B transactions usually have a longer income cycle, but
higher order price and
more habitual purchases.
latest B2B innovators have made an area for themselves
by using replacing catalogs and
order sheets with ecommerce storefronts and stepped
forward targeting in niche markets.
In 2020, close to 1/2 of B2B buyers are millennials —
nearly double the amount from
2012. As more youthful generations enter the age of
making business transactions, B2B
selling in the on-line area is turning into more important.
3. C2B – patron to business.
C2B agencies permit individuals to promote goods and
offerings to groups.
on this ecommerce model, a domain would possibly
allow clients to post the work they need to
be finished and have businesses bid for the opportunity.
associate advertising offerings
might additionally be considered C2B.
Elance (now Upwork) changed into an early innovator on
this model by way of helping companies rent
freelancers.
The C2B ecommerce model’s competitive edge is in
pricing for goods and services.
This technique offers clients the strength to call their fee
or have organizations
at once compete to fulfill their wishes.
latest innovators have creatively used this model to
attach businesses to social media
influencers to market their products
4. C2C – customer to patron.
A C2C business — additionally referred to as an internet
marketplace — connects purchasers to
exchange items and services and normally make their
money through charging transaction
or listing costs.
online organizations like Craigslist and eBay pioneered
this model in the early days of
the internet.
C2C companies gain from self-propelled increase by way
of influenced customers and sellers, however
face a key assignment in satisfactory manage and
technology upkeep.
E-trade gives clients the following blessings:
* convenience. E-commerce can occur 24 hours an afternoon,
seven days a week.
* expanded selection. Many stores offer a much wider array of
merchandise online than they
deliver in their brick-and-mortar counterparts. and lots of stores
that completely exist
on-line may also offer purchasers distinct inventory this is
unavailable somewhere else.
E-commerce includes the subsequent dangers:
* limited customer support. in case you are shopping online for a
laptop, you can not
truely ask an employee to demonstrate a particular version's
features in individual.
And despite the fact that some websites can help you chat on-line
with a personnel member; this is not
a regular practice.
* loss of immediate gratification. when you buy an item online, you
should await it
to be shipped to your private home or office. however, outlets like
Amazon make the
ready recreation a touch bit less painful by using presenting
identical-day shipping as a top class
alternative for select products.
* incapability to the touch products. online snap shots do no longer
necessarily deliver the entire
tale about an item, and so e-trade purchases may be unsatisfying
whilst the
products received do not match patron expectancies. working
example: an object of
apparel may be made from shoddier cloth than its on line image
suggests.

What is an E-Commerce platform?

An e-commerce platform, also called e-commerce software, is an
application that facilitates the buying and selling of products online.
Businesses use e-commerce platforms to manage their websites
and operate their sales and marketing functions. At their most
basic level, all e-commerce platforms provide consumers with the
following three features:
1. A search capability that allows them to easily find products
online.
2. A digital cart that allows them to manage their orders.
3. A payment system that allows them to make purchases.
Many platforms also use data analytics to provide business with
insights into their consumer’s behavior so that they can improve
their digital marketing and business operations. Further , we will
discuss about the e-commerce platforms such as Amazon ,
Shopify , Wallmart , Ebay and we will compare and evaluate them
on the basis of sales.
 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
To recognize approximately E- commerce and its functions in
the economy.

To recognize the kinds of E-commerce and its functioning.

To apprehend essential academic disciplines contributing to

E-commerce studies.

To apprehend approximately the increase potentialities of

E-commerce.

To study the sales promotional techniques to boast online

purchases.
To study the demographic factors of his consumer who
purchase online.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
E-commerce is one of the fastest growing segments in the
Indian Economy. Though marked by high growth rate, the
Indian e-commerce industry has been behind its counterparts
in many developed and emerging economies, primarily due to
a relatively low internet user base. In a study conducted by
global management consultancy firm AT Kearney in
2015,there were only 39 million online buyers in India; a tiny
fraction of 1.2 billion who live in the country. However,
increased technological proliferation combined with internet
and mobile penetration , presents a favourable eco-system for
the development of e-commerce in India.