Abridged Roble

MODULAR APPROACH IN LEARNING: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY ON EXPERIENCES OF
PARENTS IN ATTAINING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

Author: Jeriel Jean T. Roble
Adviser/Co-author: , MAEd
May 2022
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to investigate the lived experiences, coping methods, and insights of
parents on their engagement in their children's pursuit of academic excellence. This is a qualitative
study, and the research strategy that was used was multiple case study. Three parents from the Maniki
Central Elementary School SPED Center in Davao del Norte volunteered to take part in the research.
All participants were female. They have all chosen pseudonyms in order to shield their real identities,
and they all use them. By doing so, the researcher indicated that she had faith in their ability to provide
the information that was needed for this study. This research has presented a broad variety of coping
techniques that parents may use in order to involve themselves with the learning process of their
children, particularly with regard to the modular approach as the learning delivery mode of instruction. It
has been advised that further study be done in the future to investigate and dive deeper into the
influence that parental engagement has on the academic growth of children. More significantly, it is a
good idea to integrate the views and recommendations of the parents in order to handle difficulties that
encompass or cover the learning needs of their children.
Keywords: Parent Involvement, Modular Approach, Students’ Academic Achievement, Multiple Case
Study, Philippines
RATIONALE
With the absence of a face-to face classroom setting, the most prominent alternative to
address the challenge is the virtual learning. However, for the places with lower internet connectivity
issues and limited knowledge on gadgets, the only choice left for the education sector is with the
proliferation of learning materials as the medium for learners (Bauer et al., 2020; Santos, 2020).
In the United States, some schools have introduced remote learning which gives the parents
and guardians more roles to fill in as a substitute for the teachers to continue their children’s learning.
With this rapid shift, parents have the difficulty in the balancing of responsibility since it will add to their
long list of jobs to do as the alternative learning facilitator of their children, which causes the parents to
give their sentiments on the current setup. It also provides difficulty in giving them motivation to strive
upon assessing themselves in what they have learned from the learning materials because they also
have different things to do aside from monitoring their children from learning (Garbe et al., 2020).
In Quezon City Philippines, given that under the definition of elementary education where there
are a number of core subjects for the learners to take in, generally, parents complain about the scarcity
of time allotment provided for the learners upon assessing what they have learned from different
subjects. In addition, some parents claimed that they could not understand some topics in the module
so they could not help their children in answering the learning activities. Knowing that some parents
have limited knowledge on certain basic topics due to different factors, it w also hinder the academic
achievement of their children (Olivo, 2021).
As the educational system in the Philippines was highly affected by the effects of the COVID-
19 pandemic, the urgency of studying the aftermaths of the sudden shift to different learning delivery
modalities as an alternative to the face-to-face and traditional classes came to the surface. Modular
learning became an option for the students to continue their learning process, as well for as for the
teachers and the parents of the learners. Learning via printed and digital was modules developed as the
preferred method. Parents with children enrolled in school during the pandemic the have chosen
methods learning method (Bernardo, 2020). This also considers learners in remote regions where the
internet is not available for online learning.
Given all of the citations, the influence of modular education on parental engagement in kids'
academic progress should have been further investigated and given greater attention. However, such
research is sufficiently necessary since modular education is one of the most often employed learning
techniques in the nation till the epidemic fades. More significantly, this research has enormous societal
value since it can benefit parents, teachers, students, and society as a whole. In the sense that it will
create fresh and useful information based on the participants' experiences. Finally, it may serve as a
foundation for increasing module writing experience among instructors at the primary school where this
research was done.
With parents' engagement and involvement in the sudden shift of the educational system,
there is a need to research to fill in the emerging gap in the learners' academic accomplishment,
particularly with home as their alternative learning environment (Bhamani et al., 2020). The studies have
only discussed minor difficulties that parents have encountered. However, there are just a few studies
that illustrate their coping techniques and insights into how they dealt with such obstacles. This research
will be undertaken to examine the parents' perspective on their involvement in achieving their children's
academic progress and as being part adapted learning process and experience of their children.
Research Questions
The study looks into the experiences of the parents in attaining students’ academic
achievements. Specifically, this study attempted to answer the following questions:
1. What are the challenges experienced by the parents in attaining their children’s academic
achievements through a modular approach in learning?
2. How do the parents cope with the challenges they have encountered in attaining their
children’s academic achievements through modular approach in learning?
3. What are the insights of the parents in attaining their children’s academic achievements
through modular approach in learning?
Theoretical Lens
This study was anchored through the study of Vygotsky (1978) on the theory of Social
Constructivism which projects the parental involvement of the educational development of their children.
He proposes that parent-child interaction contributes a huge role for the development of the learners in
the context of language and literacy skills, that are evident upon assessing themselves with the
utilization of the learning materials.
Research Design
In In order to grasp a better understanding and in-depth analysis of parents' challenges, coping
mechanisms, and insights in attaining their learners' academic achievements through the modular
learning approach, this study used a qualitative type under the phenomenological approach.
The qualitative study usually involves typographical data, which means that the data being
gathered are formed into strings of sentences containing the participants' narratives upon their lived
experiences of a particular phenomenon. They are usually used if it explores a more profound sense of
knowledge of a particular social setting or phenomenon (Creswell, 1998). In this study, the phenomenon
being undertaken is the new usual way of educational setting, which is the modular approach in learning
wherein parents will be expressing their lived experiences in attaining their learners' academic
achievements.
Research Participants
This study requires a good number of informants that share different narratives that still undergo
a particular case, so the choice of participants must be carefully picked according to the information
they have through the purposive sampling technique (Creswell, 2013).
The study participants were parents with their children enrolled in Maniki Central Elementary
School located at 198 Magsaysay Street, Maniki, Kapalong, Davao del Norte. From the broad number
of parents, the purposive sampling technique must be applied to narrow it down to three (3) participants.
Each participant underwent an in-depth interview scheduled prior to the availability and consent of the
participants.
Furthermore, the selected parents differ in some way, such as socioeconomic status, age, and
gender, to give more variety and more realistic findings to the study. This study ensures quality in
pursuit of an authentic study.
Data Collection
According According to Creswell (2013), data collection phases include acquiring access to the
information sources, establishing rapport with participants, using purposive sampling, recording
information, resolving field issues, collecting data, and storing information. In this investigation, the
principal investigator will take specific steps to collect data and information before conducting this study.
Just before the conduct of the study, I guaranteed that I had my paper checked and examined
by my assigned research mentor. Afterward, I favorably obeyed everything she suggested. Then, she
gave me a go signal to conduct the study.
Data Analysis
Data analysis is used to analyze and interpret the data to provide results, form implications,
and arrive at conclusions. The data gathered from the transcription of the statements and expressions
of the informants will be further analyzed into emerging themes. There shall be an examination of raw
data using many interpretations to find linkages between the research object and the outcomes
concerning the original research questions. Throughout the evaluation and analysis process, there is an
openness to new opportunities and insights. This method allows researchers to triangulate data to
strengthen the research findings and conclusions (Nowell, Norris, White, & Moules, 2017).
Before the data is analyzed, all the interviews, observations, and documents will be transcribed
and translated into Standard English. The process of transcribing will allow us to become more
acquainted with the data. All files from the voice recorder and the camera will be saved for complete
control of the access.
For the thematic analysis, Clarke’s step-by-step guidelines will be used. These guidelines start
with the familiarization of the data; creation of initial codes; thorough reading to immerse in the data;
reviewing themes; creating themes, and producing the report (Clarke, 2006).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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MODULAR APPROACH IN LEARNING: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY ON EXPERIENCES OF

PARENTS IN ATTAINING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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