Robotics 9

ROBOTICS 9
A Robot is:
An electromechanical device that is:
• Reprogrammable • Multifunctional • Sensible for environment
WHAT ROBOTS CAN DO:
1.Jobs that are dangerous for humans
2.Repetitive jobs that are boring, stressful, or labor- intensive for humans
3.Manual tasks that human don't want to do
THREE LAWS OF ROBOTICS
(1) a robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm;
(2) a robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law;
(3) a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
• Asimov later added another rule, known as the fourth or zeroth law, that superseded the others. It stated that "a robot
may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm."
Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in almost every industry, from healthcare and manufacturing to defense and
education. (Thomas, M.). The term "robot" comes from the Czech word "robota", meaning "heavy work" or "forced labor"
by Karel Capek in his 1920's
Robot is a mechanical man or an automatic apparatus that performs functions ascribed to human beings or operates with
what appears to be almost human intelligence. The robot does the work of a human being.
Robots are widely used in such industries as automobile manufacture to perform simple repetitive tasks and in industries
where work must be performed in environments hazardous to humans.
Robots are required to interact much more heavily with peripheral devices than traditional numerically controlled machine
tools Machine tools are essentially self-contained systems that handle work pieces in welldefined locations.
TYPES OF ROBOTS
•Pre-programmed robots operate in a controlled environment where they do simple, monotonous tasks.
An example of a pre-programmed robot would be a mechanical arm on an automotive assembly line. The arm serves one
function to weld a door on, to insert a certain part into the engine, etc. and its job is to perform that task longer, faster and
more efficiently than a human.
•Humanoid robots are robots that look like and/or mimic human behavior.
Robots usually perform human-like activities (like running, jumping and carrying objects), and are sometimes designed to
look like us, even having human faces and expressions.
Two of the most prominent examples of humanoid robots are Hanson Robotics' Sophia and Boston Dynamics' Atlas
• Autonomous robots operate independently of human operators. These robots are usually designed to carry out tasks in
open environments that do not require human supervision.
They are quite unique because they use sensors to perceive the world around them, and then employ decision-making
structures (usually a computer) to take the optimal next step based on their data and mission.
Example of autonomous robot: autonomous robot aibo (robot dog)
•Teleoperated robots are semi-autonomous bots that use a wireless network to enable human control from a safe distance.
These robots usually work in extreme geographical conditions, weather, circumstances, etc.
Examples of tele operated robots are the human-controlled submarines used to fix underwater pipe leaks during the BP oil
spill or drones used to detect landmines on a battlefield.
•Augmenting robots either enhance current human capabilities.
The field of robotics for human augmentation is a field where science fiction could become reality very soon, with bots that
have the ability to redefine the definition of humanity by making humans faster and stronger.
APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTS
 Helping fight forest fires

 Working alongside humans in manufacturing plants (known as co-bots)
 Robots that offer companionship to elderly individuals
 Surgical assistance
 Last-mile package and food order delivery
 Autonomous household robots that carry out tasks like vacuuming and mowing the grass
 Assisting with finding items and carrying them throughout warehouses
 Used during search-and-rescue missions after natural disasters
 Landmine detectors in war zones
USES OF ROBOTS
•Robots have wide variety of use cases that make them the ideal technology for the future. Soon, we will see robots almost
everywhere. We'll see them in our hospitals, in our hotels and even on our roads.
• Manufacturing. This is probably the oldest and most well-known user of robots. These robots and co-bots (bots that work
alongside humans) work to efficiently test and assemble products, like cars and industrial equipment. It is estimated that
there are more than three million industrial robots in use right now.
• Logistics. Robots are used in shipping; handling and quality control. Robots are becoming a must-have for most retailers
and logistics companies. Because we now expect our packages arriving at blazing speeds, logistics companies employ robots
in warehouses, and even on the road. Right now, there are robots taking your items off the shelves, transporting them
across the warehouse floor and packaging them. Additionally, a rise in last-mile robots ensure that you'll have a face-to-
metal-face encounter with a logistics bot in the near future.
•Home. Robots can be seen all over our homes, helping with chores, reminding us of our schedules and even entertaining
our kids. The most well-known example of home robots is the autonomous vacuum cleaner Roomba. Additionally, robots
have now evolved to do everything from autonomously mowing grass to cleaning pools.
•Travel. Self-driving cars are no longer just an imagination. A combination of data science and robotics, self-driving vehicles
are taking the world by storm. Automakers, like Tesla, Ford, Waymo, Volkswagen and BMW are all working on the next wave
of travel that will let us sit back, relax and enjoy the ride. Rideshare companies Uber and Lyft are also developing
autonomous rideshare vehicles that don't require humans to operate the vehicle.
•Healthcare. Robots have made enormous strides in the healthcare industry. These mechanical marvels have use in just
about every aspect of healthcare, from robot-assisted surgeries to bots that help humans recover from injury in physical
therapy. Examples of robots at work in healthcare are Toyota's healthcare assistants, which help people regain the ability to
walk, and "TUG," a robot designed to autonomously stroll throughout a hospital and deliver everything from medicines to
clean linens. Recently, robots have been employed by pharmaceutical companies to help speed up the fight against COVID-
19. These bots are now being used to fill and seal COVID-19 testing swabs, and are also being used by some manufacturers
to produce PPE and respirators. (Thomas, Mike)

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ROBOTICS 9

An electromechanical device that is:

• Reprogrammable • Multifunctional • Sensible for environment

WHAT ROBOTS CAN DO:

1.Jobs that are dangerous for humans

3.Manual tasks that human don't want to do

THREE LAWS OF ROBOTICS

•Augmenting robots either enhance current human capabilities.

 Helping fight forest fires

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