21st Century Literature L1

Philippine Literature: From
Precolonial to Contemporary
What is literature?
• Literature is a method of recording, preserving, and
transmitting knowledge and entertainment, and can also
have a social, psychological, spiritual, or political role.
• Literature, as an art form, can also include works in
various non-fiction genres, such as biography, diaries,
memoir, letters, and essays.
What is the difference between prose and
poetry?
• Poetry often uses figurative language to create images
or expressive ideas, while prose is more literal.
• Prose is usually used for novels, essays, and
nonfiction writing, while poetry is more often
associated with literature, lyrics, and storytelling.
Literature is a result of different reasons like:
 the author’s experience
 the surrounding events of that time
 people’s belief, ideology, norms, traditions, politics and economy
Philippine Literature: A Timeline
1 Precolonial Literature of the Philippines
• Reasons why only few tales of our indigenous past survived.
• Damiana Eugenio’s classification of Folk Literatures.
• Fay-Cooper Cole and Mabel Cook Cole
Spanish Colonization 2
• Two categories of Literature: Religious prose

and poetry (pasyon) and secular prose and
poetry (Awit and Korido).
• The rise of the Illustrados
Precolonial Literature of the Philippines
Reasons why only few tales of our indigenous past survived.
• Those literary pieces were pass through oral recitation and incantation or the
baybayin were written on leaves and barks of trees.
• Spaniards burned and destroy these literary pieces.
• The introducation of Roman alphabet.
Damiana Eugenio’s classification of Folk Literatures.

• Folk narratives are stories that could either be prose or poetry
Myths are stories about gods and goddesses
Folktales or Kwentong Bayan are stories that refers to the everyday lives at that
times.
Legend or Alamat are stories of explanation about how things came to be
Precolonial Literature of the Philippines
Damiana Eugenio’s classification of Folk Literatures.
• Folk Epic a type of folk narrative in verse. Example for this is Biag ni Lam-ang
Folk Speech the dialect, or style of speaking, unique to people living within a
geographic area it has two kinds:
Riddles or Bugtong not just created for fun but also expresses hidden
meaning.
Proverbs or Salawikain are maxims or wise sayings that shows community
values, moral beliefs, or norms.
• Folk Songs is usually written in verse, a form of lyric poetry.
Examples:
a) lullabies called uyayi or hele
b) harana or panambitan songs about courtship
c) drinking songs
d) livelihood
e) wakes and
f) wars
• Fay-Cooper Cole and Mabel Cook Cole

Dimensions of Philippine Literary
History
Geography - the study of places and the relationships between people and
their environments.
Language- a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written

symbols by which individuals express themselves.
Ethnicity- a notion that refers to social entities sharing real or putative

ascriptive features like a common origin or cultural-linguistic legacy which
assuredly command special collective commitment, as well as their retention
and transmission.
Spanish Colonization
Two categories of Literature: Religious prose and poetry (pasyon) and

secular prose and poetry (Awit and Korido).
• Religious prose and poetry basically refers to the collection of
literary work based on religion. Religious beliefs and traditions are
a main theme or concept in religious literature; example is pasyon.
• Secular prose and poetry- typically means not connected with

religious or spiritual matter. Fantasy novels, science fiction,
mysteries, romantic poetry, etc. – all these fall under non-religious
literature or secular literature.
Awit- compose of Dodecasyllabic quatrains 4lines and
12syllables each.
Korido- Octosyllabic quatrains 4lines in each stanza 8syllables
Spanish Colonization
Terms relevant to the colonization
• Ladino poets are Filipinos both fluent in Spanish and Tagalog.
• Illustrados elite Filipinos who studied in Europe, who wrote literary
prose and poetry that bravely expressed their resentment to the state
under the Spanish regime.
• La Solidaridad the official newspaper of the propaganda movement.
Dr. Jose Rizal (Laong Laan and Dimasalang)
Marcelo H. Del Pilar ( Plaridel)
Graciano Lopez Jaena ( Fray Botod and Diego Laura
Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
Mariano Ponce ( Tikbalang, Kalipukako, Naning)
Jose Maria Panganiban ( Jomapa)
Philippine Literature: A Timeline
3 American Colonization
• All about thomasites
• American President Mckinley
• Three Time-frames of Filipino writers exploration to English
language
Postcolonial Period 4
• Censorship was imposed during martial law.

• Internet paved the way to a more advanced
platforms for literature.
AMERICAN COLONIZATION
• All about Thomasites
Thomasites were the first American teachers of the Filipinos.
• American President Mckinley

He proposed that English must be used as the medium of
instruction.
• Three Time-frames of Filipino writers exploration to English language.

Period of re-orientation
Period of imitation
Period of self- discovery
Prominent writers are: Jose Garcia-Villa, Angela Manalang-Gloria, Paz
Marquez-Benitez
Postcolonial Period
• Censorship was imposed during martial law.
• Internet paved the way to a more advanced platforms for literature.

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Philippine Literature: From

• Two categories of Literature: Religious prose

Damiana Eugenio’s classification of Folk Literatures.

• Fay-Cooper Cole and Mabel Cook Cole

Language- a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written

Ethnicity- a notion that refers to social entities sharing real or putative

Two categories of Literature: Religious prose and poetry (pasyon) and

• Secular prose and poetry- typically means not connected with

• Censorship was imposed during martial law.

• American President Mckinley

• Three Time-frames of Filipino writers exploration to English language.

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