Sukhoi Su-57

The Sukhoi Su-57 (Russian: Сухой Су-57; NATO

Su-57
reporting name: Felon)[3][4] is a twin-engine stealth
multirole fighter aircraft developed by Sukhoi.[5] It is
the product of the PAK FA (Russian: ПАК ФА,
prospective aeronautical complex of front-line aviation)
programme, which was initiated in 1999 as a more
modern and affordable alternative to the MFI (Mikoyan
Project 1.44/1.42). Sukhoi's internal designation for the
aircraft is T-50. The Su-57 is the first aircraft in
Russian military service designed with stealth
technology and is intended to be the basis for a family
of stealth combat aircraft. 4th Su-57 prototype T-50-4[1]

A multirole fighter capable of aerial combat as well as Role Stealth multirole fighter
ground and maritime strike, the Su-57 incorporates National origin Russia
stealth, supermaneuverability, supercruise, integrated Manufacturer United Aircraft Corporation
avionics and large payload capacity.[6] The aircraft is
Design group Sukhoi
expected to succeed the MiG-29 and Su-27 in the
Built by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft
Russian military service and has also been marketed for
Plant
export. The first prototype aircraft flew in 2010, but the
program experienced a protracted development due to First flight 29 January 2010
various structural and technical issues that emerged Introduction 2020[1]
during trials, including the destruction of the first Status In production[2]
production aircraft in a crash before its delivery.
Primary user Russian Aerospace Forces
After repeated delays, the first Su-57 entered service Produced 2019–present[1]
with the Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS)[N 1] in Number built 32 (10 test and 22 serial)[1]
December 2020.[7] Variants Sukhoi/HAL FGFA

Development

Origins
In 1979, the Soviet Union outlined a need for next-generation fighter aircraft intended to enter service
in the 1990s. The programme became the I-90 (Russian: И-90, short for: Истребитель 1990–х годов,
lit. 'Fighter of the 1990s') and required the fighter to be "multifunctional" (i.e. multirole) by having
substantial ground attack capabilities, and would eventually replace the MiG-29 and Su-27 in
frontline tactical aviation service. Two subsequent projects were designed to meet these requirements:
the MFI (Russian: МФИ, short for: Многофункциональный фронтовой истребитель,
lit. 'Multifunctional Frontline Fighter') and smaller LFI (Russian: ЛФИ, Л short for: Лёгкий,
lit. 'Light'), with conceptual work beginning in 1983.[N 2] Mikoyan was selected for the MFI and began
developing its MiG 1.44/1.42.[10] Though not a participant in the MFI, Sukhoi started its own
programme in 1983 to develop technologies for a next-generation fighter, eventually resulting in the
forward-swept wing S-32 experimental aircraft, later redesignated S-37 and then Su-47.

Due to a lack of funds after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the MFI was repeatedly delayed and
the first flight of the MiG 1.44/1.42 prototype did not occur until 2000, nine years behind schedule.[10]
Owing to the high costs, the MFI and LFI were eventually cancelled while the Russian Ministry of
Defence began work on a new next-generation fighter programme; in 1999, the ministry initiated the
PAK FA or I-21 programme, with the competition announced in April 2001.[N 3] Because of Russia's
financial difficulties, the programme aimed to rein in costs by producing a single multirole fifth-
generation fighter that would replace both the Su-27 and the MiG-29. Further cost-saving measures
include an intended size in between that of the Su-27 and the MiG-29 and normal takeoff weight
considerably smaller than the MiG MFI's 28.6 tonnes (63,000 lb) and the Su-47's 26.8 tonnes
(59,000 lb).[11][12]

Sukhoi's approach to the PAK FA competition differed fundamentally from Mikoyan's; whereas
Mikoyan proposed for the three design bureaus (Mikoyan, Sukhoi, and Yakovlev) to cooperate as a
consortium with the winning team leading the design effort, Sukhoi's proposal had itself as the lead
designer from the beginning and included a joint work agreement that covered the entire development
and production cycle, from propulsion and avionics suppliers to research facilities. Additionally, the
two companies had differing design philosophies for the aircraft. Mikoyan's E-721 was smaller and
more affordable, with normal takeoff weight of 16–17 tonnes (35,000–37,000 lb) and powered by a
pair of Klimov VK-10M engines with 10–11 tonnes (98.1–108 kN, 22,000–24,300 lbf) of thrust each.
In contrast, Sukhoi's T-50 would be comparatively larger and more capable, with normal takeoff
weight goal of 22–23 tonnes (49,000–51,000 lb) and powered by a pair of Lyulka-Saturn AL-41F1
engines each with maximum thrust in the 14.5-tonne (142 kN, 32,000 lbf) class.[13][14][N 4]

In April 2002, the Ministry of Defence selected Sukhoi over Mikoyan as the winner of the PAK FA
competition and the lead design bureau of the new aircraft.[N 5] In addition to the merits of the
proposal, Sukhoi's experience in the 1990s was taken into account, with the successful development of
various Su-27 derivatives and numerous exports ensuring its financial stability.[16] According to the
Russian Air Force Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Mikhaylov, flight tests were projected to begin in
2007.[14][17] Mikoyan continued to develop its E-721 as the LMFS (Russian: ЛМФС, short for: Лёгкий
многофункциональный фронтовой самолёт, lit. 'Light Multifunctional Frontline Aircraft') at its own
expense.[18]

Research and development

The research and development programme of the PAK FA was called Stolitsa (Russian: Столица,
lit. 'Capital city'). In 2002, Alexander Davidenko selected as the T-50's chief designer at Sukhoi.[19] The
Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association (NAPO) and Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production
Association (KnAAZ) would manufacture the new multi-role fighter, with KnAAZ performing final
assembly at Komsomol'sk-on-Amur.[20][21] Following a competition held in 2003, the
Tekhnokompleks Scientific and Production Center, Ramenskoye Instrument Building Design Bureau,
the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (NIIP), the Ural Optical and
Mechanical Plant (UOMZ) in Yekaterinburg, the Polet firm in Nizhny Novgorod and the Central
Scientific Research Radio Engineering Institute in Moscow were selected for the development of the
PAK FA's avionics suite. In April 2004, NPO Lyulka-Saturn (now NPO Saturn) was signed as the
contractor for the AL-41F1 engines with the development designation izdeliye 117.[22][N 6]

Sukhoi used existing airframes as testbeds for various subsystems and concepts; the Su-47 tested
internal weapon bays, and Su-27M prototypes served as testbeds for the flight control system and
engines.[23] To reduce developmental risk and spread out associated costs, as well as to bridge the gap
with extant fourth generation fighters, Sukhoi implemented some of the T-50's technology and
features, such as propulsion and certain avionics, in an advanced derivative of the Su-27 called the T-
10BM (Russian: БМ, short for: большая модернизация, lit. 'Major Modernization'), which was
eventually procured by the Russian Ministry of Defence in 2009 and entered service as the Su-35S in
2014.[24][25]

In December 2004, the T-50's conceptual design and shape was complete and approved by the
Ministry of Defence; government funding of the programme began in 2005 and drastically increased
in 2006 when detailed design was underway.[26][19] On 8 August 2007, Russian Air Force
Commander-in-Chief Alexander Zelin was quoted by Russian news agencies that the programme's
development stage was complete and construction of the first aircraft for flight testing would begin,
with three flyable T-50 prototypes planned to be built by 2009. In 2009, the aircraft's design was
officially approved. The T-50 was named Su-57 in July 2017.[5]

Since the early stages of the PAK FA programme, Russia sought after foreign partnerships on the
project to increase funding for its development and also secure large export orders.[27] On 18 October
2007, Russia and India signed a contract for Sukhoi and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to
jointly develop a derivative of the PAK FA called the Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA).[28][29]
In September 2010, India and Russia agreed on a preliminary design contract where each country was
to invest $6 billion; a memorandum of understanding for the preliminary design was signed in
December 2010, and the development of the FGFA was expected to take 8–10 years.[30][31] By 2014,
however, the Indian Air Force began voicing concerns over performance, cost, and workshare. India
found that the aircraft does not meet its requirements and eventually left the partnership in 2018.[32]

Prototyping
The T-50's maiden flight was repeatedly postponed from early
2007 after encountering unspecified technical problems. In
August 2009, Alexander Zelin acknowledged that problems with
the engine and in technical research remained unsolved.[33] On 28
February 2009, Sukhoi general director Mikhail Pogosyan
announced that the airframe was almost finished and that the first
prototype should be ready by August 2009.[34] On 20 August
Su-57 prototype at the MAKS-2011 2009, Pogosyan said that the first flight would be by year's end.
Air Show Konstantin Makiyenko, deputy head of the Moscow-based Centre
for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies said that "even with delays", the aircraft would likely make
its first flight by January or February, adding that it would take five to ten years for commercial
production.[35]

Flight testing was further delayed when Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov announced in December
2009 that the first trials would begin in 2010.[36] The first taxi test was successfully completed on 24
December 2009, and the maiden flight of the first prototype aircraft, T-50-1, occurred on 29 January
2010.[37][38] Piloted by Sukhoi test pilot Sergey Bogdan, the aircraft's 47-minute maiden flight took
place at KnAAPO's Dzemgi Airport in the Russian Far East.[6][39] Construction of the prototypes
would progress slower than initially planned; by the end of October 2013, the test programme had
amassed more than 450 flights across five aircraft.[40]

A total of ten flying and three non-flying T-50 prototypes would be

built for preliminary flight tests and state trials.[41] Initially, the
program was planned to have up to six prototypes before the start
of serial production; however testing would reveal that the initial
prototypes did not have adequate fatigue life, with early structural
cracks forming in the airframe.[42]

The aircraft subsequently underwent a structural redesign, with

Su-57 prototype climbing after
changes including increased composite material usage, reinforced
takeoff, 2011
airframe to meet full life cycle requirements, elongated tail "sting",
and slightly greater wingspan; the sixth flyable prototype was the
first of the redesigned "second stage" aircraft, with the five initial prototypes consequently considered
"first stage" vehicles and requiring additional structural reinforcements in order to continue flight
tests.[N 7][43][44][45] The last two flying prototypes were test articles of production Su-57 aircraft with
full mission systems on board.[46] While the "second stage" structural redesign reduced the weight
growth from the required strengthening of the "first stage" design, the normal takeoff weight still
increased to approximately 25 tonnes (55,000 lb).[47] Issues and accidents during the testing resulted
in repeated delays to the programme, with the delivery of the first production aircraft pushed back
from 2015 to 2020.[48]

Procurement
The procurement plans for the PAK FA have been considerably
scaled back and delayed from original plans. In 2011, the Ministry
of Defence had planned on buying the first 10 aircraft for
evaluation after 2012 and 60 production standard aircraft after
2015.[49] These plans were refined under the State Armament
Programme from 2011 to 2020 (GPV-2020), with serial
production hoped to begin in 2016; the Ministry of Defence was
planning to acquire 52 aircraft by 2020, and another 150–160 by Sukhoi Su-57 in flight with landing
2025. Additionally, export orders for 250–300 FGFA were gear deployed, 2010
expected to begin in 2017.[50][51]
Plans were greatly cut down in 2015 as a result of technical obstacles encountered during testing,
India's unclear commitment to the partnership, and Russia's economic downturn due to international
sanctions after its annexation of Crimea and the drop in oil prices. Russian Deputy Minister of
Defence Yury Borisov stated in 2015 that the Russian Air Force would slow production, reduce its
initial order to 12 fighters, and operate large fleets of upgraded fourth-generation fighters such as the
Su-35S and the Su-30SM.[52][53] In 2017, Borisov stated that the PAK FA would most likely enter
service in 2018 and be part of the new State Armament Programme from 2018 to 2027 (GPV-
2027).[54] On 30 June 2018, an order for 12 aircraft was agreed, while deliveries to the Russian Armed
Forces was pushed back again to 2019 with the first aircraft planned to join fighter regiments at the
Lipetsk Air Center.[55][56][57] At the same time, Borisov praised the Su-35S, stating that it was
comparable to the Su-57 except for the stealth features while being more affordable.[58][59][60]

Due to the substantially higher cost of the Su-57 compared to the Su-35S and Su-30SM, the design
was placed on hold for mass production until the need arises. On 22 August 2018, during the
International Military-Technical Forum «ARMY-2018», the Defence Ministry and Sukhoi signed the
first contract for delivery of two serial Su-57 fighters scheduled for 2019 and 2020 respectively.[61] In
January 2019, the Ministry of Defence announced they hoped to conclude a second contract for 13
more aircraft in 2020.[62]

However, on 15 May 2019, the acquisition plan drastically changed when Russian President Vladimir
Putin announced that 76 aircraft would be purchased and delivered to the Aerospace Forces by 2028.
This came after the negotiations were able to lower the price of the Su-57 and equipment by 20%.[63]
The contract for the 76 aircraft was formally signed on 27 June 2019 at the International Military-
Technical Forum «ARMY-2019».[64][65] The same month, General Director of Tactical Missiles
Corporation (KRTV) Boris Obnosov reported, a contract for serial production of ammunition for Su-
57 fighters was signed, and is being inducted.[66]

Serial production of the aircraft began in July 2019, with the first production aircraft scheduled to be
delivered by the end of the year; following the crash of the first production aircraft, the Russian
Aerospace Forces[N 1] took delivery of the second Su-57 as its first aircraft in December 2020.[67] By
May 2022, four more aircraft were delivered, and production has progressed slower than planned with
total of six aircraft delivered by end of the year.[68] However with the opening of new production line
in 2022, production of Su-57 increased and in total 12 new aircraft were delivered to Russian Air
Force by end of 2023. According to Yuri Slyusar, another 20 aircraft are expected to be built in 2024
what would make the Su-57 the most produced jet fighter in Russia.[69][70]

Further developments
In 2004, Sukhoi anticipated that the Su-57 could become the basis for a family of combat aircraft for
the Russian Aerospace Forces, similar to the Su-27 family.[24] Under the program name Megapolis
(Russian: Мегаполис, lit. 'Megapolis'), the company is developing a new variant, designated Su-57M,
that augments the base Su-57 design with improved mission systems, reliability and maintenance
enhancements, incorporation of electromechanical drives, and the new NPO Saturn izdeliye 30, or
AL-51F-1 engines.
The formal contract was signed in 2018, although preliminary work had begun earlier. In 2020, flight
test of the improved variant was planned to begin in 2022, with serial production in the mid-2020s.
The second flying T-50 prototype was used to test the new izdeliye 30 engine starting in 2017; the
third prototype was configured for teaming tests with the Okhotnik UCAV in 2018.[71] Additionally,
work is underway to make a variant of the aircraft that can operate on aircraft carriers.[72][73][74][75]

Sukhoi has also used technology from the Su-57 to produce a mockup of a more affordable lightweight
single-engine aircraft, designated as the LTS (Russian: ЛТС, short for: Лёгкий тактический самолёт,
lit. 'Light Tactical Aircraft'). At the 2021 Moscow Air Show (MAKS-2021), Sukhoi revealed its LTS
mockup, named Checkmate, which shares many systems with the Su-57, including radar, main
weapons bay, vertical stabilizers, and wings.[76][77]

As of 2024, international sanctions on Russia's defence industries has made it far more difficult for
Russia to source the Western avionics and micro-electronics that have been essential components of
its advanced fighter and attack aircraft cockpits.[78][79]

The United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) reported that an upgraded Su-57 aircraft made its first flight
on 21 October 2022. It is yet unclear whether this airframe represents a Su-57M, as the "second-stage
engine" (alluding to the Izdeliye 30) was reportedly not mounted. The flight was carried out by
Russian test-pilot Sergey Bogdan.[80]

Design
The Su-57 is a fifth-generation multirole fighter aircraft and the
first operational stealth aircraft for the Russian armed forces. In
addition to stealth, the fighter emphasizes supermaneuverability
in all aircraft axes, capacious internal payload bays for multirole
versatility, and advanced sensor systems such as active phased-
array radar as well as the integration of these systems to achieve
high levels of automation.[21][81]

In the Su-57's design, Sukhoi cited the Lockheed Martin F-22 as Su-57 view from above, showing an
early pre-production camouflage
the baseline for a supermaneuverable stealth fighter, but
similar to the Su-35
addressed what the bureau considered to be the limitations, such
as the inability to use thrust vectoring to induce roll and yaw
moments, a lack of space for weapons bays between the engines resulting in insufficient payload, and
complications for post-stall recovery if thrust vectoring fails. In particular, Sukhoi considered the F-22
design unsuitable as a multirole fighter required for PAK FA due to the limited payload that was too
focused on air-to-air missiles.[82][83]

The aircraft has a wide blended wing body fuselage with two widely spaced engines and has all-
moving horizontal and vertical stabilisers, with the vertical stabilisers canted for stealth; the trapezoid
wings have leading edge flaps, ailerons, and flaperons. The aircraft incorporates thrust vectoring and
large leading edge root extensions that shift the aerodynamic center forward, increasing static
instability and maneuverability. These extensions have adjustable leading–edge vortex controllers
(LEVCONs) designed to control the generated vortices and can provide trim and improve high angle
of attack behaviour, including a quick stall recovery if the thrust
vectoring system fails.[84] To air-brake, the ailerons deflect up
while the flaperons deflect down and the vertical stabilisers toe
inward to increase drag.[85] Although the majority of the structural
materials are alloys with 40.5–44.5% aluminum alloys and 18.6%
titanium alloys, the aircraft makes extensive use of composites,
with the material comprising 22–26% of the structural weight and
approximately 70% of the outer surface.[86]
Pre-production Su-57 aerodynamic
condensation at the MAKS-2015 Air
Designed from the outset as a multirole aircraft, the Su-57 has
Show
substantial internal payload capacity that allows the carriage of
multiple large air-to-surface ordnance.[82] Weapons are housed in
two tandem main weapons bays in the large ventral volume between the widely spaced engine nacelles
and smaller side bays with bulged triangular-section fairings near the wing root. Internal weapons
carriage eliminates drag from external stores and enables higher performance compared to external
carriage, as well as preserving the stealth shaping.[87][88]

The high degree of static instability (or relaxed stability) in both pitch and yaw, advanced KSU-50
flight control system, and canted thrust vectoring nozzles make the Su-57 departure-resistant and
highly maneuverable in all axes and enables the aircraft to perform very high angles of attack
maneuvers such as the Pugachev's Cobra and the bell maneuver, along with doing flat rotations with
little altitude loss.[85][89] The aerodynamics and engines enable it to achieve speeds of Mach 2 and fly
supersonic without afterburners, or supercruise, at Mach 1.3, giving a significant kinematic advantage
and extends the effective range of missiles and bombs over previous generations of aircraft.[N 8][90]
Combined with a high fuel load, the fighter has a supersonic range of over 1,500 km (930 mi), more
than twice that of the Su-27.[85][91][92] An extendable refueling probe is available to further increase
its range.

Stealth
The first aircraft in Russian military service to emphasize stealth, the Su-57 employs a variety of
methods to reduce its radar signature. Similar to other stealth fighters such as the F-22, the aircraft
aligns the planform edges to reduce its radar cross-section (RCS); the leading and trailing edges of the
wings and control surfaces and the serrated edges of skin panels are carefully angled to reduce the
number of directions the radar waves can be reflected. Weapons are carried internally in weapons
bays within the airframe and antennas are recessed from the surface of the skin to preserve the
aircraft's stealthy shape, while radar absorbent material (RAM) coatings absorb radar emissions and
reduce the reflection back to the source.

The infrared search-and-track sensor housing is turned backwards when not in use and its rear is also
treated with RAM.[93][94] To mask the significant RCS contribution of the engine face, the walls of the
inlet ducts are coated with RAM and the partial serpentine ducts obscure most of the engines'
compressor face and inlet guide-vanes (IGV); the remaining exposed engine face is masked by a
slanted blocker grid placed in front of the IGV at a distance of 0.7—1.2 times the diameter of the duct,
similar in principle to the method on the Boeing F/A-18E/F.[95]
The aircraft canopy is coated with 70–90 nm thick metal oxide layers with enhanced radar wave
absorbing to reduce the radar return of the cockpit by 30% and protect the pilot from the impact of
ultraviolet and thermal radiation.[96] The production tolerances are significantly tighter than previous
Russian fighters in order to improve stealth characteristics.[97]

The combined effect of airframe shape and RAM of the production aircraft is estimated to have
reduced the aircraft's RCS to a value thirty times smaller than that of the Su-27.[98] Sukhoi's patent for
the T-50 stealth features cites an intention to reduce average RCS to approximately 0.1 to 1 m2,
compared to the Su-27's RCS of approximately 10 to 15 m2.[94][99] The Su-57's design emphasizes
frontal stealth, with RCS-reducing features most apparent in the forward hemisphere; the shaping of
the aft fuselage is less optimized for radar stealth compared to American stealth designs such as the F-
22 and F-35, likely as a result of cost reduction as well as the Russian doctrine of operating the aircraft
within the umbrella of friendly integrated air defense systems.[85]

As with other stealth fighters, the Su-57's low observability measures are chiefly effective against
super-high-frequency (between 3 and 30 GHz) radars, usually found on other aircraft. The effects of
Rayleigh scattering and resonance mean that low-frequency radars, employed by weather radars and
early-warning radars are more likely to detect the Su-57 due to its size. Such radars are also large,
susceptible to clutter and are less precise.[100][101]

Engines
The Su-57 is powered by a pair of NPO Lyulka-Saturn izdeliye 117, or AL-41F1, augmented
turbofans.[102] The engine is a highly improved and uprated variant of the AL-31 and produces 9
tonnes (88.3 kN, 19,840 lbf) of dry thrust, 14.5 tonnes (142.2 kN, 31,970 lbf) of thrust in afterburner,
and 15 tonnes (147.1 kN, 33,070 lbf) of thrust in "special" emergency power. The engines have full
authority digital engine control (FADEC) and are integrated into the flight control system to facilitate
maneuverability and handling.[103][85] The AL-41F1 is closely related to the Lyulka-Saturn izdeliye
117S engine, or AL-41F1S, used by the Su-35S, with the latter's separate engine control system being
the key difference.[104]

The aircraft employs thrust vector control (TVC) where the vectoring nozzles' rotational axes are each
canted at an angle, similar to the nozzle arrangement first employed on the Su-30MKI and also used
on Su-35S. The nozzles themselves vector in only one plane; the canting allows roll and yaw moments
by vectoring each nozzle differentially, thus enabling the aircraft to produce thrust vectoring moments
about all three aircraft axes, pitch, yaw and roll. The engine inlet incorporates variable intake ramps
for supersonic efficiency and retractable mesh screens to prevent engine damage from foreign object
debris ingestion especially when operating in short, austere runways.[85] In 2014, the Indian Air Force
openly expressed concerns over the reliability and performance of the AL-41F1; during the 2011
Moscow Air Show (MAKS-2011), a Su-57 suffered a compressor stall that forced the aircraft to abort
takeoff.[105]

The planned Su-57M will be equipped with a new engine from NPO Saturn in the mid-2020s under
the development designation izdeliye 30 and eventually designated AL-51F-1. The powerplant is
designed with an estimated thrust of 11 tonnes (107.9 kN, 24,300 lbf) dry and 17 tonnes (167 kN,
37,500 lbf) in afterburner. In addition to improved performance, reliability, and costs compared to the
AL-41F1, the AL-51F-1 will also reduce the aircraft's radar and infrared signature with glass-fibre
plastic IGVs and a new nozzle with serrated flaps.[106][107]

In 2023, it was reported that UEC Saturn is planning a "sixth-generation" engine design for the Su-
57.[108] As of December 2023, all future Su-57 fighters delivered to the Russian Air Force by the
United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) will be powered by the advanced and more powerful Stage 2
engine, also called Izdeliye 30.

Armament
The Su-57 has two tandem main internal weapon bays each approximately 4.4 m (14.4 ft) long and
0.9 m (3.0 ft) wide and two side weapon bays with triangular section fairings under the fuselage near
the wing root.[109] The main bays have two types of ejection launchers made by Vympel, the UVKU-
50L for missiles weighing up to 300 kg (660 lb), and the UVKU-50U for ordnance weighing up to
700 kg (1,500 lb); the side bays use the VPU-50 launch rails.[110][111]

For air-to-air combat, the Su-57 carries four beyond-visual-range missiles in its two main weapons
bays and two short-range missiles in the side bays.[112] The primary medium-range missile is the
active radar-homing R-77M (izdeliye 180), an upgraded R-77 variant with AESA seeker, dual-pulse
motor, and conventional rear fins.[113] The short-range missile is the infrared-homing ("heat seeking")
R-74M2 (izdeliye 760), an upgraded R-74 variant with reduced cross-section for internal
carriage.[111][114] A clean-sheet design short-range missile designated K-MD (izdeliye 300) is being
developed to eventually replace the R-74M2.[110] For longer ranged applications, the Su-57 can carry
the izdeliye 810 missile, a further development of the R-37M with shorter control surfaces and
updated motor and seeker, with two in each main weapons bay; the R-37M could be carried
externally.[115][116]

For striking surface targets, the aircraft can carry the 250 kg (550 lb) KAB-250 or 500 kg (1,100 lb)
KAB-500 precision guided bombs in its main bays. Internal weapons also include the Kh-38M air-to-
ground missile, Kh-35U (AS-20 "Kayak") anti-ship missile, Kh-58UShK (AS-11 "Kilter") anti-radiation
missile, and Kh-69 (originally designated Kh-59MK2) cruise missile.[117] For missions that do not
require stealth, the Su-57 can carry stores on its six external hardpoints which can use most Russian
tactical fighter weapons. New hypersonic missile with characteristics similar to the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal
ALBM is also being developed for the Su-57. The missile is to have intra-body accommodation and
smaller dimensions to allow it to be carried inside the Su-57's main bays.[118]

The aircraft has a 9A1-4071K (GSh-30-1) 30 mm autocannon with 150 cartridges mounted internally
near the right LEVCON root. The weapon has an effective range of 800 m (870 yd) against aerial
targets and 1,800 m (2,000 yd) against surface targets.[119][120]

Cockpit
The Su-57 has a glass cockpit with no analogue gauges; information is displayed on two 38 cm (15 in)
main multi-functional LCD displays similar to the arrangement of the Su-35S. Supplementing the
primary display is a smaller multi-functional display and digital control panel. The cockpit has a wide-
angle (30° by 22°) head-up display (HUD). Primary controls are the joystick and a pair of throttles,
with all major functions controlled with hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS).[121][122] The aircraft
uses a two-piece canopy, with the aft section sliding forward and locking into place. The canopy is
treated with metallized coatings to reduce the aircraft's radar signature. The Su-57 integrated
computer system at Chip "1890VM8Ya" — FGU FSC NIISI (in Russian).[123][124][125]

The aircraft uses the NPP Zvezda K-36D-5 ejection seat and the SOZhE-50 life support system, which
comprises the anti-g and oxygen generating system. The pilot is equipped with a ZSh-10B helmet
which mounts the NSTsI-50 digital display system, which enhances pilot situational awareness
through pupil tracking and allows engagement of targets at high angles off-boresight. The 30 kg
(66 lb) oxygen generating system provides the pilot with unlimited oxygen supply.[126] The life
support system enables pilots to perform 9-g maneuvers for up to 30 seconds at a time, while the
ejection seat and the new PPK-7 flight suit allows safe ejection at altitudes from 0 to 20,000 m
(66,000 ft) and instrument airspeeds from 0 to 1,300 km/h (810 mph); the system also includes a
survival kit to assist the pilot after ejection.[121][127][128]

Avionics
One of the main technical goals of the PAK FA programme is to
achieve total integration of avionics systems, or sensor fusion,
increase the pilot's situational awareness and reduce workload.
Integration of the Su-57's onboard systems is controlled by an IUS
(Russian: ИУС, short for: Информационно-управляющая
система, lit. 'Information Management System'), with its computer
system developed by GRPZ from Ryazan. The main avionics
systems are the Sh-121 (Russian: Ш-121) multifunctional
N036-1-01 X-band AESA radar integrated radio electronic system (MIRES) and the 101KS "Atoll"
(Russian: 101КС "Атолл") electro-optical system.[129] In a
departure from prior Sukhoi aircraft, the IUS systems integration
was performed by Sukhoi itself rather than RPKB of Ramenskoye. The integrated avionics suite, called
IMA BK (Russian: ИМА БК, short for: Интегрированной модульной авионики боевых
комплексов, lit. 'Integrated Modular Avionics Combat Systems'), uses fibre optic channels and runs
on over 4 million lines of code.[130][131][121]

The Sh-121 consists of the N036 Byelka radar system and L402
Himalayas electronic countermeasures (ECM) system. Developed
by Tikhomirov NIIP Institute, the N036 consists of the main nose-
mounted N036-1-01 X band active electronically scanned array
(AESA) radar, or in Russian nomenclature, active phased array
radar (Russian: АФАР, romanized: AFAR, short for: Активная
фазированная антенная решётка), with 1,514 T/R modules and
two side-looking N036B-1-01 X-band AESA radars with 404 T/R N036B-1-01 X-band AESA side-
modules embedded in the cheeks of the forward fuselage for looking radar
increased angular coverage. [132] The nose antenna is tilted
backwards for stealth. Moreover, the side-looking radar could
enable the Su-57 to employ beaming tactics while still able to guide its own missile.[133] The suite also
has two N036L-1-01 L band transceivers on the wing's leading edge flaps that are not only used to
handle the N036Sh Pokosnik (Reaper) friend-or-foe identification
system but also for electronic warfare purposes. Processing of the
X- and L-band signals by the N036YeVS and GRPZ Solo-21
computers enable the system's information to be significantly
enhanced.[129] The L402 Himalayas ECM suite made by the N036L-1-01 L-band array

Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute uses both its own

arrays and the N036 radar system, with one of its arrays mounted in the dorsal sting between the two
engines.[134] Redundant radio telephone communication and encrypted data exchange among various
aircraft and also command centers (ground and sea-based and airborne) are provided by the S-111
system, developed by Polyot.[135][136]

The UOMZ 101KS "Atoll" electro-optical system consisted of the

101KS-V infrared search and track (IRST), 101KS-O directional
infrared counter measures (DIRCM), 101KS-U ultraviolet missile
approach warning sensors (MAWS), 101KS-P thermal imager for
low altitude flight and landing, and 101KS-N navigation and
targeting pod.[137] The IRST turret is mounted on the starboard
side in front of the cockpit and can track multiple targets
simultaneously. When not in use, the receiver is turned backwards
101KS-O DIRCM turret
and its rear is treated with RAM to preserve stealth. Additionally,
the Su-57 is the first fighter to mount a DIRCM system, with one
turret mounted behind the canopy and another mounted under the cockpit.[133][138] The aircraft is
capable of deploying countermeasures such as flares and radar decoys, as well as single-use
programmable ECM transmitters. The dispensers for these countermeasures are mounted in the tail
boom between the engines.[139]

For in-flight navigation, the Su-57 uses the BINS-SP2M inertial navigation system developed by
Concern Radio-Electronic Technologies (KRET). The system can also integrate with GLONASS, and is
controlled by the IVS-50 computing system.[139][140] In 2016, KRET announced it is developing a
multifunctional video processing system called "Okhotnik" (Hunter) to increase the Su-57's target
detection range as well as to improve automatic detection and tracking of targets.[141][142] A
monitoring system allows real-time assessment of the aircraft's condition and predict the remaining
'life' of the composite parts of the aircraft by transmitting information through optical fibers, with
sensitivity to mechanical influences, woven into the structure. This allows a more efficient
maintenance and repair process.[143][144] The Su-57 could also serve as a testbed for advanced AI and
man-unmanned teaming technologies intended for use in a future sixth-generation fighter program.
The aircraft has also tested autonomous flight without pilot input.[145][146]

Operational history

Testing and trials

Even before the first flight of the T-50 prototype, several
subsystems were tested on other aircraft for validation and risk
reduction; an Su-27M was used to test the AL-41F1 engine on 21
January 2010, while another tested the KSU-50 flight control
system.[147] The T-50 prototype conducted its first high speed taxi
run on 21 January 2010 and had its maiden flight several days
later on 29 January 2010.[38] First supersonic flight occurred on
14 March 2011 at a test range near Komsomolsk-on-Amur.[90]
Su-57 flying upside down

The Su-57 tests consisted of preliminary trials PI (Russian: ПИ,

short for: Предварительные испытания) conducted by Sukhoi at the Gromov Flight Research
Institute (LII, Russian: ЛИИ) at Zhukovsky, as well as two stages of joint state trials GSI (Russian:
ГСИ, short for: Государственные совместные испытания) conducted by the Ministry of Defence at
the 929th State Flight Test Centre (GLITs, Russian: ГЛИЦ) at Akhtubinsk.[148] The completion of
GSI-1 resulted in the acceptance of the aircraft's airworthiness, and the completion of GSI-2, which
tests the mission systems and armaments, clears the Su-57 for operational service. The preliminary
trials and state trials occurred with some overlap with each other.[149]

Early flight tests revealed that the initial T-50 design had problems with structural strength and
fatigue; when the first two prototypes were showcased publicly in MAKS-2011, the airframes cracked
despite flying with a restrictive 5–g limit, which necessitated grounding and structural reinforcing for
over a year as well as a "second stage" structural redesign.[42] Of the ten flying and three non-flying T-
50 prototypes, the three non-flying prototypes tested static flight loads, one each for "first stage" and
"second stage" structures, and avionics integration. The first two flying prototypes tested flight
characteristics and basic mechanical systems, and thus had no mission systems. Testing of mission
systems such as the radar and electronic warfare suite began from the third prototype onwards, with
each subsequent aircraft having slight variations in the arrangement of avionics and sensor
systems.[150][151][152] The final pre-production aircraft were equipped with full mission systems and
tested the overall integrated avionics.[153]

By February 2014, the first phase of preliminary trials, PI-1, had concluded;[N 9] in the same month,
the 929th GLITs received its first T-50 at Akhtubinsk for further testing and GSI state
trials.[154][155][156] However, severe issues were discovered during PI-1; in addition to the structural
issues, the aircraft suffered from engine problems, including the AL-41F1 compressor stall during the
MAKS-2011 airshow.[149][157] In June 2014, the fifth prototype was severely damaged by an in-flight
fire and written off, and an incomplete "first stage" airframe was finished using parts salvaged from
the fifth prototype.[N 7] Both preliminary and state trials were delayed by the fire and the structural
redesign; the second phase of preliminary trials, PI-2, ran from 2014 to 2019 and mainly used
structurally reinforced "first stage" aircraft while GSI-1 was halted until 2016 in order to wait for the
updated "second stage" airframes. Armament trials were also delayed, with external weapon trials
starting in May 2014 and internal trials starting in March 2016.[158][159] GSI-1 was finished on 8
February 2018 with formal signing in May 2018.[160][61] After more than 3,500 flights, GSI-2 was
planned to be completed by 2019, but this was pushed to 2020, partly because of the crash of the first
production aircraft in December 2019.[149][161]
 As the Su-57 is gradually being inducted into Russian military
service, Sukhoi is testing upgrades for the improved Su-57M
variant. First flight of the izdeliye 30 engine occurred on 5
December 2017 with the second prototype (T-50-2, bort no.
052).[162][163] Prototypes were also used for unmanned aerial
vehicle (UAV) teaming tests with the Okhotnik UCAV, with a video
of flight tests released by the Ministry of Defence on 27 September
2019.[164] On 28 June 2020, TASS, with reference to anonymous
Su-57 solo display at ARMY-2020
forum
sources within the military-industrial complex, reported that a
'swarm' teaming experiment had been conducted with a group of
Su-35s and an Su-57 acting as a command and control aircraft.
The networked information exchange significantly increases the efficiency of combat missions.
Reportedly, the experiment was conducted in "real combat conditions".[165][166][167]

Syrian combat evaluation

On 21 February 2018, two Su-57s performed their first international flight as they were spotted
landing at the Russian Khmeimim air base in Syria. The aircraft were deployed along with four Sukhoi
Su-35 fighters, four Sukhoi Su-25s, and one Beriev A-50 AEW&C aircraft.[168] Three days later two
more Su-57s were reported to have arrived in Syria.[169] The deployment was criticised by some
experts as overly risky, especially after reports of drone attacks at Khmeimim air base, as well as
having limited value due to the short duration of only several days. As the deployment overlapped
with Russia's Defender of the Fatherland Day, the purpose may have been to support the president's
state-of-the-nation speech. Additionally, deployment of the aircraft in a combat theatre may serve to
enhance the aircraft's marketing.[170][171][172][173] On 1 March 2018, the Russian Defence Minister
Sergey Shoygu stated that the two Su-57s had spent two days in Syria and successfully completed a
trials program, including combat trials during which parameters of weapons work were
monitored.[174][175] On 25 May 2018, the Defence Ministry disclosed that during the February 2018
deployment to Syria, a Su-57 fired a cruise missile in combat, likely a Kh-59MK2.[176] On 18
November 2018, the Defence Ministry posted an extended video of the fighters' flights, and
announced that Su-57 performed 10 flights during its deployment to Syria.[177][178] However, the
video did not specify when the test flights took place.[179]

In December 2019, the Chief of the Russian General Staff, Valery Gerasimov, announced that Russian
Defence Ministry had once again tested the Su-57 in Syria, and all tasks had been successfully
fulfilled.[180]

Entry into service

On 25 December 2020, the Russian Defence Ministry announced that the Su-57 had entered service
upon the delivery of the first production aircraft to one of the aviation regiments of the Southern
Military District at Lipetsk. This initial production batch would be used for military evaluation, tactics
development, and crew conversion training. The first operational unit to be equipped with the Su-57 is
the 23rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment based in Dzyomgi in the Eastern Military District, with
deliveries to begin in 2023; the colocation of the unit with the KnAAZ aircraft manufacturing plant
enables easier support for newly introduced aircraft.[2] The first fully operational Su-57 regiment of 24
aircraft is expected to be equipped by 2025.[181][182]

Russian invasion of Ukraine

In May 2022, Russian sources claimed that Su-57 fighters were used two or three weeks after the start
of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, striking targets with missiles outside of the zone of activity of
Ukrainian air defenses,[183] just like other Russian aircraft that are also restricted mainly to Russian
airspace.[184]

In June 2022, RIA Novosti reported four Su-57s working in a network were used in SEAD role over
Ukraine to identify and destroy Ukrainian air defense systems. The source also noted that its low
radar visibility was demonstrated in combat.[185]

On 19 October 2022, Russian army general Sergey Surovikin, then commander of all Russian Armed
Forces in Ukraine, claimed that the Su-57 has been used both in air-to-air and air-to-ground role
during the war in Ukraine and that it has scored kills in both roles.[186] Subsequently, some Russian
sources claimed the Su-57 shot down a Ukrainian Su-27 with a long-range R-37 missile.[187] However,
while some Su-57s are based in Lipetsk and Akhtubinsk air bases for development and trials, no hard
evidence for claims of combat has surfaced.[188][189] Commercial satellite imagery from late December
2022 shows five Su-57s deployed at Akhtubinsk air base, some 500 km from Ukraine.

On 18 February 2024, a Su-57 escorted by a pair of Su-35 fighters launched a missile strike against
Ukrainian targets using a stealthy Kh-69 cruise missile. The aircraft operated above the Luhansk
Oblast.[190]

In May 2024, Ukrainian sources reported that Russia intensified the use of Su-57 fighters to strike
targets in Ukraine. Air strikes were reportedly carried out from the airspace of Kursk, Bryansk and
occupied Luhansk oblasts, utilizing the latest Kh-69 cruise missiles.[191]

On 9 June 2024, the Ukrainian Main Directorate of Intelligence claimed to have damaged or
destroyed two Russian Su-57 fighter jets, using drones during a strike on the Akhtubinsk air base in
Astrakhan Oblast.[192][193][194][195] Several Telegram channels affiliated with the Russian military
confirmed the attack and that at least one Su-57 was damaged by shrapnel, while also criticizing the
lack of protective hangars for the aircraft.[196][197][198] Further information about the strike was added
by the Russian Telegram channel Fighterbomber, added that the state of the aircraft is currently being
examined which would determine whether or not it can be repaired.[193][194] Maxar Technologies
satellite imagery showed a crater next to an Su-57 at Akhtubinsk.[199]

Potential operators
In the early stages of the PAK FA programme, India had planned to be one of the largest foreign
customers by procuring the FGFA derivative. It originally planned on buying 166 single-seat and 48
two-seat fighters,[200] but later changed it to 214 single-seat fighters,[201] and later reduced its
purchase to 144 fighters by 2012.[202] In April 2018, India pulled out of the FGFA project, which it
believed did not meet its requirements for stealth, combat avionics, radars and sensors by that
time.[32][203] Indian Air Force Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa, during an interview with
Russian Ministry of Defence's official newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star), stated that the Su-57 is
currently not being considered for the service, but the aircraft can be evaluated once it enters service
with the Russian Aerospace Forces.[204][205] The General Director of the United Aircraft Corporation
Yuri Slyusar however denied the previous reports saying "the topic is not closed" and that Russia and
India are still discussing the creation of the fifth-generation fighter.[206][207] However, in October
2019, the Indian Air Force Chief of Air Staff RKS Bhadauria stated that the country will not be
importing stealth fighters like the Su-57, and will instead focus on indigenous efforts such as the HAL
AMCA.[208]

Sukhoi states that the main export advantage of the PAK FA is its lower cost than current US fifth
generation jet fighters.[209] Russia was reported to be offering the PAK FA for South Korea's next
generation jet fighter.[210] South Korea's Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) stated
that the Sukhoi PAK FA was a candidate for the Republic of Korea Air Force's next-generation fighter
(F-X Phase 3) aircraft;[211] however, Sukhoi did not submit a bid by the January 2012 deadline.[212] In
2013, Russia offered Brazil participation and joint production in a next-generation fighter based on
the Su-57.[213][214] Instead of Russian Su-57 and French Rafale, Brazil signed an agreement with the
Swedish Saab Group to locally produce 36 Gripen E fighters for the Brazilian Air Force.[215][216][217]

In May 2019, as Turkish participation in the F-35 program was in doubt due to Turkey's procurement
of the S-400 missile system, CEO of Rostec Sergey Chemezov said that Russia was ready to cooperate
with Turkey on the export and local production of the Su-57.[218] On 14 September 2019, an Su-57
took part in the 2019 Technofest festival held in Istanbul.[219] However, on 7 February 2020,
President Erdogan announced that the replacement of the F-35 will not be Russian Su-57, but instead
will be the Turkish domestic fifth-generation aircraft TF-X fighter.[220]

On 27 December 2019, Algeria signed a contract for 14 aircraft as part of large military deal that also
includes the purchase of Su-34 and Su-35 fighters. This decision was reportedly taken in summer
2019, when Algerian delegation personally inspected the Su-57 at the MAKS-2019 air
show.[221][222][223] Once Sukhoi fulfill domestic delivery commitment, Algeria set to receive the first
Su-57E in 2028.[224][225]

It has been reported that Vietnam may become a customer of the Su-57.[226] The country is expected
to acquire the fighters to replace its aging fleet of 11 Su-27s. On 9 July 2021, Vietnam announced its
intention to buy Su-57 aircraft, but it is critical of the aircraft's workmanship.[224][227]

Russia has offered Su-57E fighters to the United Arab Emirates during IDEX 2021.[224] During the
2019 Dubai Air Show, Chemezov talked about the possibility of "localization" of portions of the Su-57
supply chain within other countries that decide to buy those jets, including "…United Arab Emirates,
India or Turkey…", depends on the capabilities of the defense industrial base of the customer in
question.[228] However, the UAE has refrained from signing a contract with Russia to avoid CAATSA
sanctions from the United States.[229]

In 2021, Iraqi military leadership including its inspector for the Iraqi Ministry of Defence Imad Al-
Zuhairin stated the country's interest in the Su-57.[230]
As of 2024, no Su-57 fighters have been exported. Furthermore, it has been reported that the export
models of the fighter are unlikely to be available until the end of the decade, despite production
allegedly slated to be increased in 2024. The war in Ukraine and the imposed sanctions have also
further reduced Russia's ability to continue the development of its advanced fighter jets like the Su-57
and the Su-75.[231][232]

Variants

Su-57
Su-57 is the first production variant for the Russian Aerospace Forces. Flight testing began with the T-
50 prototype in 2010, and serial production began in 2019. A total of three regiments, 76 aircraft, are
planned with the first aircraft delivered in December 2020.

Su-57E
Su-57E is the export version of Su-57.[233] On 28 March 2019, the aircraft was first promoted to
international customers during the 2019 Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace
Exhibition.[234] The aircraft was officially unveiled at the MAKS-2019 air show on 28 March 2019.[235]
Rosoboronexport is marketing the aircraft as Perspective multirole fighter (PMF).[233]

Su-57M
Su-57M is an upgraded variant of the base Su-57 under the program name Megapolis, and
incorporates improved mission systems, reliability and maintenance enhancements, new flight control
actuators, and the Saturn AL-51F-1 engines. Flight testing is planned to begin in 2022, and serial
production is planned for the mid-2020s.[236][72]

FGFA
Sukhoi/HAL FGFA was a planned version of Su-57 for Indian Air Force but India withdrew from the
FGFA programme in 2018 before any prototype was built.[208] The FGFA was intended to be the
primary export version of the PAK FA and was to differ in 43 ways with improvements to stealth,
supercruise, sensors, networking, and combat avionics.[237][238][239] There were conflicting reports on
the FGFA, with India detailing numerous improvements over the baseline PAK FA, while Mikhail
Pogosyan, the head of United Aircraft Corporation, said in 2013 that the PAK FA and the FGFA will
use "identical onboard systems and avionics".[240] India has refrained from signing a deal with Russia
citing concerns over shared manufacturing, technology, and maintenance.[241] According to the same
source, India also had questions about development of the aircraft's stealth, radar and supercruise
capability at the time, and ultimately withdrew from the programme in 2018.

Other versions
In 2008, UAC president Alexei Fedorov has said that any decision on applying fifth-generation
technologies to produce a smaller fighter (comparable to the F-35) must wait until after the
development of the PAK FA is completed.[242]

A naval version of the Su-57 was proposed for the Project 23000E or Storm supercarrier. Models of
the aircraft carrier project are showing Su-57 on board, with folding wings and stabilators. The Su-57
should be able to use the takeoff ramp as well as the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System.[243] The
draft of the future state armament program (GVP) for 2024–2033 includes the development of a new
carrier-based fighter based on the Su-57, albeit with deep modifications.[244]

The aircraft is used as a testbed for integration with UAVs as well as various subsystems (including
weapon, control and navigation systems) being developed for Russia's future sixth-generation combat
system, both in manned and unmanned version.[245][246][247] In January 2019, it was reported the
third flyable Su-57 prototype (bort. no 053) is being used for interaction with the Sukhoi S-70
Okhotnik UCAV, and testing of its avionics systems.[248]

In July 2021, it was officially announced that a two-seater variant of the Su-57 was under
development, to be used for training pilots and for ensuring the control of the Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik
UCAV.[249] This variant was also mentioned at the Army-2022 forum in August 2022.[250]

Operators
Russia

Russian Aerospace Forces – 22 in service as of December 2023[251] (one damaged in June

2024)[193] out of a total order of 76 airframes.[252]

Accidents
On 10 June 2014, the fifth flying prototype, aircraft T-50-5, was severely damaged by an engine fire
after landing. The pilot managed to escape unharmed. The aircraft was subsequently written off, and
its salvageable parts were cannibalized to finish the sixth "first stage" prototype, which was then given
the fifth prototype's bort number and its designation changed from T-50-6-1 to T-50-5R. However,
official accounting still considers the two aircraft to be the "same" one.[44]

On 24 December 2019, the first serial Su-57 (bort number "01 blue") crashed 110–120 km away from
the Dzyomgi Airport, Khabarovsk Krai, during the final stage of its factory trials due to a control
system malfunction. The pilot ejected and was recovered by helicopter.[253][254][255][256] According to
TASS, the test flight took place at an altitude of 8,000 meters when the malfunction occurred, causing
the airplane to enter a rapid spiral descent. When all attempts to stabilize the airplane into a
horizontal flight using the manual flight control system failed, the pilot ejected at an altitude of 2,000
meters.[257]

Specifications (Su-57)
Data from Aviation Week,[258] Key Aero,[259] Crecy Publishing[260]

General characteristics
Crew: 1
Length: 20.1 m (65 ft 11 in)
Wingspan: 14.1 m (46 ft 3 in)
Height: 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in) Sukhoi T-50 3-view drawings

Wing area: 78.8 m2 (848 sq ft)

Empty weight: 18,000 kg (39,683 lb)
Gross weight: 25,000 kg (55,116 lb) normal takeoff weight, 29,270 kg (64,530 lb) at full load
Max takeoff weight: 35,000 kg (77,162 lb)
Fuel capacity: 10,300 kg (22,700 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Saturn AL-41F1 afterburning turbofan, 88.3 kN (19,900 lbf) thrust each dry,
142.2 kN (32,000 lbf) with afterburner, 147.1 kN (33,100 lbf) in emergency power
Performance
Maximum speed: Mach 2 (2,135 km/h; 1,327 mph) at high altitude
Supercruise: Mach 1.3 (1,400 km/h; 870 mph) supercruise at high altitude
Range: 3,500 km (2,200 mi, 1,900 nmi) subsonic, 4,500 km from 2 outboard fuel tanks[261]
Supersonic range: 1,500 km (930 mi, 810 nmi)
Service ceiling: 20,000 m (66,000 ft)
g limits: +9.0
Wing loading: 371 kg/m2 (76 lb/sq ft) normal takeoff weight
Thrust/weight: 1.16 at normal takeoff weight (0.99 at loaded weight with full fuel)
Armament
Guns: 1 × 30 mm Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 autocannon
Hardpoints: 12 hardpoints (6 × internal, 6 × external)
Air-to-air missiles:
R-77M
R-74M2
R-37 (missile)[262]
Air-to-surface missiles:
4 × Kh-38M
4 × Kh-59MK2[261]
 Kh-69
Anti-ship missiles:
2 × Kh-35U
2 × Kh-31
Anti-radiation missiles:
4 × Kh-58UShK
KAB-250 guided bomb
KAB-500 guided bomb
Anti-tank "Drill"[263] 500 kg cluster-bomb + active homing[262]
Avionics
Sh-121 multifunctional integrated radio electronic system (MIRES)
Byelka radar (400 km, 60 tracks with 16 targeted)[264][265]
N036-1-01: Frontal X-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar
N036B-1-01: Cheek X-band AESA radars for increased angular coverage
N036L-1-01: Slat L-band arrays for IFF
L402 Himalayas electronic countermeasure suite
101KS Atoll electro-optical targeting system
101KS-O: Laser Directional Infrared Counter Measures
101KS-V: Infrared search and track
101KS-U: Ultraviolet missile approach warning system
101KS-N: Targeting pod
101KS-P: thermal imager for low altitude flying and night landing

Notable appearances in media

The Su-57 appears in the 2022 film Top Gun: Maverick as the aircraft used by the unnamed hostile
nation, where it is referred to as "fifth-generation fighter".[266] The Su-57 is a flyable aircraft in several
entries of the aerial combat game series Ace Combat.[267][268]

See also
Fifth-generation fighter
Russia portal
Related development
Aviation portal

Sukhoi Su-35S[N 10]

Sukhoi Su-47
Sukhoi/HAL FGFA
Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B
Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Chengdu J-20
Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
TAI TF Kaan
Related lists

List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS

List of fighter aircraft

References

Notes
1. Russia established the Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) as a new branch of its military on 1
August 2015 with the merging of the Russian Air Force (VVS) and the Russian Aerospace
Defence Forces (VVKO).
2. At the time, there was a planned fleet of one-third MFI and two-thirds LFI.[8][9]
3. In the late 1990s, as the status of MFI declined, conceptual work for a next generation fighter was
conducted under the LFS (Russian: ЛФС, short for: Лёгкий фронтовой самолёт,
romanized: Lyogkiy Frontovoy Samolyot, lit. 'Light Frontline Aircraft') until efforts shifted to the PAK
FA.
4. While Sukhoi tested forward-swept wings with the Su-47, Soviet and Russian research indicated
that such configuration was mainly beneficial at transonic speeds and loses out to conventionally
swept wings at supersonic speeds. The forward-swept wing was not chosen for the T-50.[15]
5. Yakovlev would only participate as a subcontractor for the potential short takeoff and vertical
landing (STOVL) module in the future.
6. The Russian term изделие, translit. izdeliye literally means "manufactured article" or "product".
7. The originally planned sixth flying prototype, T-50-6-1, was to be the last "first stage" airframe.
After the fifth prototype, T-50-5, was involved in a fire accident, T-50-6-1 was completed using
parts salvaged from the written-off T-50-5 and was renamed T-50-5R, carrying the same "055" bort
number. While it is essentially a new and distinct airframe, official accounting still considers the
two airframes to be the "same", with the R (Russian: Р) short for: ремонтый, lit. 'repair'. The sixth
flying prototype T-50-6-2, the first "second stage" aircraft, was given the "056" bort number.
8. The initial maximum speed requirement was Mach 2.35 at high altitude, but this was reduced to
Mach 2.15 and then to Mach 2.0 in 2006 order to increase the amount of composites used in the
airframe.[85]
9. Conclusion of PI-1 in February 2014 saw envelope expansion to Mach 1.7, instrument airspeed of
1,000 km/h (620 mph), ceiling of 14,000 m (46,000 ft), and g-load of 6.5.
10. The new fighter's control systems, avionics and cockpit will be designed on the basis of the Su-
35BM's systems.[24]

References
1. "Full history of PAK-FA" (http://su57.mariwoj.pl/su57-index.html). mariwoj. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
 2. "Первый серийный истребитель Су-57 поступил в авиаполк Южного военного округа" (https://
tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/10352497). TACC. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
3. "NATO assigns new reporting name for Su-57 5th generation jet fighter" (https://www.ruaviation.co
m/news/2019/11/1/14330/). ruaviation.com. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
4. "ODIN – OE Data Integration Network" (https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/WEG/Asset/Su-57_(Felon)_R
ussian_Stealth_Fighter). odin.tradoc.army.mil. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
5. "Russia's 5th-generation fighter jet named as Su-57" (http://tass.com/defense/960000). TASS.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170812021235/http://tass.com/defense/960000) from the
original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
6. "Sukhoi Company launches flight tests of PAK FA advanced tactical frontline fighter" (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20110501030735/http://sukhoi.org/eng/news/company/?id=3143). Sukhoi.org
(Press release). 29 January 2010. Archived from the original (http://sukhoi.org/eng/news/compan
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Technology, 19 August 2013. New York City, New York, US: Penton Media, Inc.

External links
Official Sukhoi Su-57 webpage at UAC (https://www.uacrussi External videos
a.ru/en/aircraft/lineup/military/su-57/) on History Channel Official YouTube
Channel(in Russian)
“The best Sukhoi aircraft”. Su-57
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
g6IQKZJpbNo) on YouTube

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