POWER BI

Power BI Interview Questions and answers

Welcome to "Power BI Interview Preparation Guide: A Comprehensive Guide to

Acing Power BI Interview Questions." Power BI has emerged as a powerful tool in
the realm of business intelligence and data visualization, revolutionizing the way
organizations make data-driven decisions. Whether you're a seasoned BI
professional or just stepping into the world of data analytics, this ebook is your
ultimate resource for mastering Power BI interview questions. We'll navigate
through the intricacies of Power BI, covering topics from data modeling and
visualization to advanced DAX functions, ensuring you are well-prepared to
impress potential employers with your expertise. So, let's dive into the world of
Power BI and empower you to excel in your interviews!

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 POWER BI
BASIC LEVEL

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Q1). What is Power BI?
Power BI is a collection of Business Intelligence tools, techniques, and processes
that are used to extract valuable information from the raw business data by
connecting, transforming, and visualizing raw data sets from multiple sources.
It provides the right tools to create interactive dashboards and live reports that
can be shared and published on various platforms to help business users and
stakeholders make better decisions. With the competitive and highly categorized
information, planners and decision-makers can track their performance in the
market.

Q2). Why to use Power BI?

It is a powerful BI tool that can help you collect, analyze, and visualize data from a
variety of sources.
It is easy to use, even if you don't have a lot of technical experience.
It is affordable, with a free version available for personal use.
It is scalable, so you can use it for small businesses or large enterprises.
It is versatile, so you can use it for a variety of purposes, such as sales analysis,
marketing analytics, and customer intelligence.
It is collaborative, so you can share your reports and insights with others.
It is constantly evolving, with new features and capabilities being added all the
time.

Q3). Mention the important features of Power BI.

It allows users to transform data into visuals and share those visuals with
colleagues.
It allows users to explore and analyze data from all sources (in an all-in-one view).
It allows users to scale across organizations with built-in governance and security.
Once an output is generated, users can display the same in multiple devices that
are compatible with the Power BI application.
With Power BI natural language processing or Power BI Q&A, users can perform
queries on reports using simple English words.

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Q4). What are the versions of Power BI?
Microsoft Power BI Free/Desktop – This version is for users who want to get business
insights from their data with visualizations.
Microsoft Power BI Pro – This is the full version of Power BI. It allows users unlimited
reporting, sharing, and viewing of reports.
Microsoft Power BI Premium – This version provides a license for all users in an
organization.

Q5). What is Power BI Desktop?

Microsoft Power BI Desktop is a data analysis and reporting application that a user can
install on a computer to create dashboards and live reports.
Integrated with Power BI Service, the user can also share these reports with decision-
makers and stakeholders to help them understand the current state of the business.
It brings all the components and analytics features on a single platform.
Power BI has a simple and easy-to-use interface that allows even a non-technical user to
build compelling reports, data models, and custom dashboards.

Q6). What are the major components of Power BI?

Power BI Desktop: This is the main application that you use to create and manage your
Power BI reports and dashboards.
Power BI Service: This is a cloud-based service that you use to publish and share your
Power BI reports and dashboards.
Power BI Mobile: This is a mobile app that you use to view and interact with your Power BI
reports and dashboards on your smartphone or tablet.
Power BI Report Server: This is a server-based application that you use to publish and
share your Power BI reports.
Power BI Embedded: This is a set of APIs that you can use to embed Power BI reports and
dashboards in your own applications.
Power Query: This is a tool that you can use to clean, transform, and prepare your data for
analysis.
Power BI Q&A: This is a tool that you can use to ask questions about your data and get
answers in natural language.
Power BI Datasets: This is a repository for storing your Power BI data.
Power BI Dashboards: This is a way to visualize your data and share your insights with
others.
Power BI Reports: This is a way to document your analysis and share it with others.

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Q7). How many different data sources does Power BI support?
Power BI supports a wide variety of data sources, making it a versatile business
intelligence tool. While the specific number of supported data sources can change
over time as the platform evolves.

Q8). What data sources can Power BI connect to?

Microsoft Excel: You can connect to Excel spreadsheets, workbooks, and tables.
Microsoft Access: You can connect to Access databases.
Microsoft SQL Server: You can connect to SQL Server databases, Azure SQL
Database, and Azure Synapse Analytics.
Other relational databases: You can connect to other relational databases, such
as Oracle, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
Cloud-based data sources: You can connect to cloud-based data sources, such
as Azure Data Lake Storage, Azure Databricks, and Google BigQuery.
Web-based data sources: You can connect to web-based data sources, such as
Salesforce, Google Analytics, and Twitter.
Files: You can connect to files, such as CSV files, JSON files, and XML files.
Custom connectors: You can create custom connectors to connect to other
data sources.

Q9). How is Power BI different from other BI tools?

Power BI provides better features and data manipulation tools as compared to
other BI tools like Tableau.
A single user can connect with multiple data sources without any experience in
coding and data analytics.
As a product of Microsoft, Power BI is closely integrated with other Microsoft tools
such as Office 365, SharePoint, and Bing.
In the free version of Power BI Desktop, the user can analyze datasets of up to
1GB in storage along with 10,000 rows of data steaming every hour. Moreover, it
provides features like Power Query which allows the user to easily clean and
transform the data for analysis.

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Q10). Power BI vs Tableau

Power BI Tableau
1. Power BI is a cloud-based BI 1. Tableau is a BI tool that can be
tool that is designed for self- deployed on-premises or in the
service BI. cloud.
2. It is easy to use and offers a 2. It is known for its powerful data
wide range of features, visualization capabilities and its
including data visualization, ability to connect to a wide
reporting, data modeling, and range of data sources.
predictive analytics. 3. Tableau is a good choice for
3. Power BI is a good choice for businesses that need to create
businesses of all sizes, but it is complex and interactive
especially well-suited for small visualizations.
and medium-sized businesses
(SMBs) that do not have a
dedicated BI team.

Q11). What are the essential applications of Power BI?

Data visualization: Power BI offers a wide range of data visualization tools that you
can use to create interactive and informative dashboards and reports. These
visualizations can help you to understand your data and identify trends and patterns.
Reporting: Power BI allows you to create interactive reports that you can share with
others. These reports can be used to communicate your findings to stakeholders and
make informed decisions.
Data modeling: Power BI includes a powerful data modeling engine that you can use
to create and manage data models. These models can help you to clean, transform,
and prepare your data for analysis.
Predictive analytics: Power BI includes a number of predictive analytics features that
you can use to predict future outcomes. These features can be used to identify risks
and opportunities, and to make better decisions.
Collaboration: Power BI allows you to collaborate with others on your reports and
dashboards. This makes it easy to share your findings and get feedback from others.
Real time Streaming : It means that as data changes or new information comes in,
you can see those updates instantly in your Power BI reports and dashboards

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Q12). Advantages of using Power BI?
Cloud-based: Power BI is a cloud-based BI tool, which means that you can
access it from anywhere with an internet connection. This makes it a more
flexible and scalable solution than on-premises BI tools.
Self-service: Power BI is a self-service BI tool, which means that business users
can create and manage their own reports and dashboards without the need for
IT assistance. This makes it a more user-friendly and cost-effective solution than
traditional BI tools.
Powerful visualization: Power BI offers a wide range of visualizations that you can
use to represent your data. These visualizations can be customized to your
specific needs and preferences.
Collaborative: Power BI allows you to collaborate with others on your reports and
dashboards. You can share reports, dashboards, and datasets with others.
AI-powered: Power BI includes a number of AI features that can help you to
automate tasks and discover insights in your data. These features include
natural language processing, machine learning, and predictive analytics.

Q13). What is Power BI Dashboard?

Power BI dashboards are single-page documents, often referred to as canvas,
which illustrate a story through visualizations.

Q14). What are custom visuals in Power BI?

1. Custom Visuals in Power BI are like special charts and graphs that you can add
to your reports.
2. They’re not part of the standard option; instead, you or other developers create
them to show data in unique ways. It’s a bit like adding fun and customized
decoration to your data to help understand better.

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Q15). What do you understand by Power BI services?
Power BI Services is a Service-as-a-platform or a cloud-based service. It can be
used to analyze, and visualize data aligned with sharing business insights efficiently.

Q16). What is the Embed Code?

Power BI online contains an option for publishing on web that will generate a link
address for the Power BI report. You can share these links to others, which is called
embed code.

Q17). What is a gateway and what are its type?

A gateway in Power BI is like a bridge that helps connect your Power BI reports to
data that's stored in places like your company's servers or databases. It ensures
that your reports can access and update this data securely.

There are two main types of gateways in Power BI:

On-Premises Data Gateway: This type allows Power BI to connect to data that's
stored on your company's own servers, like databases or files.
Personal Gateway: This is designed for individual use. It's used when you want to
refresh data in Power BI from your own computer or a small-scale data source.

Q18). What are Tiles in Power BI?

Tile is an important feature of power BI services and can be said as a picture of the
data which can be pinned to the dashboard.

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Q19). What are the types of data refresh in Power BI
There are two main types of data refresh in Power BI:

1. Scheduled Refresh: With this type, you set a regular schedule for Power BI to
automatically update your data from its source. It ensures your reports stay up-to-
date without manual intervention.

2. Manual Refresh: This is a one-time, manual process where you initiate the data
update when you want. It's useful when you need to refresh data on-demand or if
you don't have a fixed schedule for data updates.

Q20). How can you refresh data in Power BI?

Data can be refreshed in the Gateway in Power BI by scheduling Refresh.

Q21). What is Power Query?

Power Query is a data transformation tool that is part of the Microsoft Power BI
suite of tools.
It is a powerful tool that can be used to clean, transform, and prepare data for
analysis.
Power Query can be used to connect to a wide variety of data sources, including
Excel spreadsheets, SQL databases, and cloud-based data services.
It can also be used to import data from files, such as CSV and JSON files.
Once you have connected to a data source, Power Query allows you to clean
and transform the data. This can involve tasks such as removing duplicates,
correcting errors, and merging data from multiple sources.
Power Query also allows you to create custom functions and formulas to
manipulate data. This can be helpful for tasks such as calculating new values or
creating derived measures.

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Q22). Differentiate between Power BI and Excel.
Power BI and Excel are both powerful business intelligence (BI) tools that can be
used to analyze data and create reports. However, there are some key differences
between the two tools.

Here are some of the key differences between Power BI and Excel:
Deployment: Power BI is a cloud-based BI tool, while Excel is a desktop
application. This means that Power BI can be accessed from anywhere with an
internet connection, while Excel needs to be installed on your computer.
Data analysis: Power BI offers a wider range of data analysis tools than Excel.
This includes features such as forecasting, machine learning, and natural
language processing.
Data visualization: Power BI offers a wider range of data visualization tools than
Excel. This includes features such as interactive dashboards and reports.
Collaboration: Power BI allows you to collaborate with others on your reports
and dashboards. This can be done through the Power BI service or through the
Power BI Desktop application.
Cost: Power BI offers a free version with limited features and a paid version with
more features. Excel is a paid application.

Q23). What is bidirectional cross-filtering in Power BI?

Bidirectional cross-filtering is a feature in Power BI that allows you to filter data
in one table based on the selection in another table. This means that if you
select a value in one table, the data in the other table will be filtered to show
only the rows that match the selection and vice versa.
Bidirectional cross-filtering can be a powerful tool for exploring your data and
identifying trends and patterns. However, it is important to use it carefully, as it
can also lead to misleading results.
Bidirectional cross-filtering enables them to apply filters on both sides of a table
relationship.

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Q24). What are the types of relationships in Power BI?

There are 3 major types of relationships , they are :

One-to-one relationships: This type of relationship exists when one record
in a table can be related to exactly one record in another table.
One-to-many relationships: This type of relationship exists when one
record in a table can be related to multiple records in another table.
Many-to-many relationships: This type of relationship exists when one
record in a table can be related to multiple records in another table, and
vice versa.

Q25). What are many-to-many relationships and how can they be

addressed in Power BI?
Many-to-many relationships include a junction or a bridge table that reflects
combinations from two dimensions.
Bi-directional relationships can be utilized in PBIX.
CROSSFILTER function is utilized in Power Pivot in Excel.
DAX is used to check or transform the filter context.

Q26). Why should general formatting be applied to data in Power BI?

It can make your data :
Easier to read and understand.
Visually appealing.
Consistent.
Compatible with other applications.

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Q27). What are the different types of filters in Power BI reports?
There are various filter types in Power BI:

Using the Filter pane

Visual-level Filters – Filters only apply to one chart or graph on the page.
Page-level Filters – Filters work for all visuals on a single page.
Report-level Filters – Filters affect the entire report, across all pages.
Developer Mode Filters: - These filters are for report creators and developers to
fine-tune data filtering and interactions.
Slicer: - Slicers are user-friendly filters that allow report viewers to interact with
and customize the report by selecting specific options. They're for end-users to
control what they see.
Add Drill through Filter: - Drill through filters let users dig deeper into data by
right-clicking on a data point and getting more detailed information.
Add Cross Filtering: - Cross-filtering means when you select something in one
visual, it filters or affects other visuals on the same page, helping you see related
data.

Q28). State the main difference between Filter and Slicer.

If you are using the normal filter user cannot interact with the dashboard. On the
other hand, slicer allows users to have an interaction with Reports as well as
Dashboards.

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Q29). What are the various types of users who can use Power BI?
Business analysts: Power BI can help business analysts to explore data more
easily and efficiently, identify trends and patterns, and create reports and
dashboards that are more visually appealing and informative.
Data scientists: Power BI can help data scientists to perform advanced
analytics on data, such as machine learning and natural language
processing.
IT professionals: Power BI can help IT professionals to manage and deploy
Data visualization requirements easily and efficiently.
Power BI developers: Power BI can help Power BI developers to create custom
visuals and extensions, and to automate tasks.
End users: Power BI can help end users to consume reports and dashboards
more easily and efficiently.

Q30). What is the maximum data limit per client for the free version of
Power BI?
A free Power BI version allows users 10 GB of storage space in the cloud for hosting
Power BI reports. The maximum size allowed for a report in the cloud is 1 GB.

Q31). Where do you reshape data in Power BI?

Data can be reshaped in Power BI using Power Query and DAX .

Q32). Which is a single-page canvas that uses visualizations to depict a

story?
Power BI Dashboard.

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Q33). List out some drawbacks/limitations of using Power BI.
Some limitations of Power BI are as follows:

Complex in nature - Power BI has been designed a little complex.

Large Data - Power BI isn’t capable of handling large data and might time out
while processing it. It cannot process data larger than 1 GB.
Limited Sharing of Data - Only users who are on the same domain or have
their email addresses listed on Office 365 can receive the files you share.
Limited Data Source - Power BI allows real-time connection with very limited
data sources.

Q34). What are the types of visualizations in Power BI?

The most common types of visualizations in Power BI include;

Area charts
Bar and column charts
Combo charts
Decomposition tree
Doughnut charts
Funnel charts
Gauge charts
Key influencers chart and many more...

Q35). What is the calculated column in Power BI?

1. A calculated column in Power BI is a new column that is created using DAX
formula. It is calculated row by row, and the results are stored in the column.
2. Calculated columns can be used to add new data to your dataset using the
existing data, or to perform calculations on the data.

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Q36). What are some differences in data modelling between Power BI
Desktop and Power Pivot for Excel?
Power Pivot for Excel supports only single directional relationships (one to many),
calculated columns, and one import mode. Power BI Desktop supports bi-
directional cross-filtering connections, security, calculated tables, and multiple
import options.

Q37). What is KPI in Power BI?

KPI or Key Performance Indicators helps in determining the amount of
progress made towards a goal.
It helps a business keep an eye on the overall growth and performance using
certain parameters that focus on a particular result. In simple words, KPI
indicates the current performance of a business to complete a target.
In Power BI, KPIs can be visualized using a variety of ways, such as gauges,
charts, and scorecards. They can also be used to create dashboards that
track multiple KPIs at once.

Q38). How do combine two columns in Power BI?

To combine two columns in Power BI, you need to create a new calculated
column using the DAX expression.

For example, if you need to add the values of two columns & make the third
column, then you can do it by the Following DAX Expression:

Total=Sheet Name(Col1) +sheet Name(Col2).

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Q39). What is Workspace in Power BI?
A workspace in Power BI is a container for dashboards, reports, datasets, and other Power
BI artifacts.
Workspaces are used to organize your Power BI content and to control who has access to
it.

There are two types of workspaces in Power BI:

Personal workspace: This is the default workspace for all Power BI users. It is a private
workspace where you can store your own content.
Shared workspace: This type of workspace can be created by any Power BI user with
the appropriate permissions. It is a public workspace that can be shared with other
users.

Q40). How to Filter Top N in Power BI?

This is the most common way to filter top N in Power BI.

1. using filter pane

a. Select the table that you want to filter.
b. In the Home tab, click on the Filter button.
c. In the Filter dialog box, select the Top N option.
d. In the Top N dialog box, specify the number of rows that you want to show.
e. Click on the OK button.

2.using DAX
a. Create a Measure: First, create a DAX measure that calculates the value you
want to rank.
b. Use the RANKX Function: Use the RANKX function in another DAX measure to
assign a rank to each item based on the measure you created in previous
step.
c. Apply a Filter: In your visual, apply a filter to show only the rows where the
rank measure is less than or equal to N, where N is the number of top items
you want to display.

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Q41). How are a Power BI dashboard and a report different from each
other?

Dasboard Report

1. Consists of one page only. 1. Can be of one or more pages.

2. Can have data tiles from one or 2. It has a single dataset per
more datasets or reports. report.
3. Cannot perform filtering or 3. Can perform filtering, slicing
slicing. and highlighting.
4. Enables you to set alerts for 4. No option for setting alerts.
emails. 5. No option to create a featured
5. Enables you to set only one dashboard.
dashboard as a featured 6. Provides the option for viewing
dashboard. dataset tables, fields and
6. Does not allow viewing or values.
accessing underlying datasets
tables and fields.

Q42). How can you compare Target and Actual Value from a Power BI
report?
You need to use Gauge chart to compare two different measure.

Q43). What is funnel chart?

The funnel chart is a type of chart which is used to visualize the data that flows
from one phase to another phase.
In the funnel chart, the whole data is considered as 100%, and in each phase, it
is represented as numerical propositions of the data.
They are a good option when the data is sequential and when the first stage
has a larger number of “items” than the final stage.

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Q44). What is Bookmark in Power BI?
Bookmarks are a Power BI feature that allows users to save a specific view of a
report page, making it easier to navigate and explore interesting insights.
Bookmarks can be created and saved by users, and they can be shared with
others.

To create a bookmark in Power BI, you need to:

Click on the Bookmarks button in the View tab.
In the Bookmarks dialog box, click on the New button.
In the Bookmark name field, type a name you would like for the bookmark.
Click on the OK button.
The bookmark will be saved and added to the Bookmarks dialog box.

To use a bookmark, you need to:

Click on the Bookmarks button in the View tab.
In the Bookmarks dialog box, select the bookmark that you want to use.
Click on the Apply button.

Note: You can assign the bookmark to a button so that the end user can use the
bookmark to go to a specific state of the report.

Q45). What are the different stages in the working of Power BI?
There are three different stages in working on Power BI, as explained below.

Data Integration: The primary step in any business intelligence is to establish a

successful connection with the data source and integrate it to extract the data for
processing.
Data Processing: The next step in business intelligence is data processing. Most of
the time, the raw data also includes unexpected false data, or sometimes a few
data cells might be empty. The BI tool needs to interpret the missing values and
inaccurate data before processing in the data processing stage.
Data Presentation: The final stage in business intelligence is analyzing the data got
from the source and presenting the insights using visually appealing graphs and
interactive dashboards.

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Q46). How to change the date format in Power BI Query Editor?
Select the date column in the table, and go to the “Transform” tab. Under this tab,
we have the “Any Column” formatting section, select the date type as the date
from the drop-down list.

Q47). How can you depict a story in Power BI?

Every individual chart or visualization report generated is collected and
represented on a single screen. Such an approach is called a Power BI Dashboard.
A Dashboard in Power BI is used to depict a story.

Q48). Describe what a star schema is and how it works.

A star schema is a data modeling pattern that is commonly used in data

warehouses. It consists of a central fact table that is surrounded by a number
of dimension tables. The fact table contains the measurements of interest,
while the dimension tables provide context for the measurements.

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Q49). Merge vs Append

Merge Append
1. Combines tables horizontally 1. Stacks tables vertically, one
based on matching columns. below the other.
2. Useful for creating relationships 2. Useful for adding more rows to
between tables. the original table.
3. Results in a single table with 3. Results in a larger table with more
expanded data. rows, maintaining the original
columns.

Q50). Fact table vs Dimension table

Fact tables and dimension tables are two of the most important concepts in data
modeling. They are used to store data in a way that makes it easy to analyze and
report on.

Fact Table Dimension Table

1. Fact tables store the actual 1. Dimension tables store the
data that you want to analyze. descriptive information about the
2. This data is typically numeric, data in the fact tables.
such as sales amounts, 2. This information can be used to
product quantities, or filter, sort, and analyze the data in
customer ages. the fact tables.
3. Fact tables are often large and 3. Dimension tables are typically
complex, as they need to store smaller and less complex than
a lot of data. fact tables.

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 POWER BI
INTERMEDIATE
LEVEL

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Q51). How to perform query tasks on the Power BI desktop?
In order to utilize Power Query within Power BI desktop, users have the capability to
employ the Power Query editor.
To access this functionality, one must navigate to the “Edit Queries” option located
within the home tab of the Power BI desktop interface.

Q52). What is a comprehensive working system of Power BI?

Power BI operates on a four-step process to facilitate efficient data analysis:

Data Import: The initial phase involves importing data from various sources
and converting it into a standardized format for further processing.
Data Cleansing: Once the data is gathered, it undergoes a transformation
process to eliminate any undesired or irrelevant information, ensuring a clean
dataset for analysis.
Data Visualization: Utilizing a robust set of visualization tools, the processed
data is visually represented in the form of interactive reports and dashboards
within the Power BI desktop environment. This step aids in extracting valuable
insights from the data.
Save and Publish: After the report creation phase, the finalized reports can be
saved and published, enabling seamless sharing and collaboration. Users can
access the reports via mobile applications and web platforms, facilitating
widespread data dissemination.

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Q53). How to edit interactions in Power BI?
To edit interactions in Power BI, you need to:
Select the visualization that you want to edit interactions for.
In the Format pane, click on the Edit Interactions button.
In the Edit interactions, you can:
a. Enable or disable interactions for the visualization.
b. Choose which visuals can interact with each other.
Click again on “Edit interactions” to apply the changes

Q54). What is drill down in Power BI?

Drill down is a feature in Power BI that allows you to explore your data in more
detail. It is a way to navigate through your data by successively zooming in on
specific areas of interest.
When you drill down, Power BI will show you more detailed information about
the data point you selected.
For example, if you drill down on a product in a sales report, Power BI will show you
the sales data for that product by region or by customer.
Drill down can be a helpful tool for understanding your data in more detail. It
can also be used to identify trends and patterns in your data.

Q55). What are content packs?

Content packs are a collection of reports, dashboards, and datasets, which you
can create, consume and share with other Power BI users in the organization.
When a content pack is connected on the Powerbi.com portal, report items are
merged into workspace lists.

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Q56). Where is data stored in Power BI?
Data in Power BI can be stored in a variety of places, depending on how you are
using Power BI and your specific needs.
Locally: If you are using the Power BI Desktop application, your data will be
stored locally on your computer.
In the cloud: If you are using the Power BI service, your data will be stored in the
cloud.
In a data warehouse: You can also store your data in a data warehouse, such
as Microsoft Azure SQL Data Warehouse or Amazon Redshift.
In a hybrid environment: You can also store your data in a hybrid environment,
where some of your data is stored locally and some of your data is stored in
the cloud.

Q57). How to sort data in Power BI?

There are two ways to sort data in Power BI:

Sort in the Data view: This is the default way to sort data. To sort data in the
Data view, you need to:
Open the Data view. Right-click on the column that you want to sort. Select Sort. In
the Sort dialog box, select the sort order. Click on the OK button.

Sort in a visualization: You can also sort data in a visualization. To sort data in a
visualization, you need to:
Click on the visualization. In the Visualization pane, click on the Sort button. In the
Sort dialog box, select the column that you want to sort. Select the sort order. Click
on the OK button.

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Q58). What is Group and how do you create a group in Power BI?
A "group" in Power BI is like putting similar items together.
It's a way to organize data by categorizing or clustering related items.
You create a group to simplify data analysis and visualization.

To create a group in Power BI:

1. Select the items (rows) in your visual that you want to group together.
2. Right-click on the selected items.
3. Choose the "Group" option from the menu.
4. Give your group a name.
5. Power BI will create a new group field in your data, and you can use it to analyze
or visualize the grouped data.

Q59). What is special or unique about the CALCULATE and

CALCULATETABLE functions?
These are the only functions that allow you modify filter context of measures or
tables.
Add to existing filter context of queries.
Override filter context from queries.
Remove existing filter context from queries.

Limitations:
Filter parameters can only operate on a single column at a time.
Filter parameters cannot reference a metric.

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Q60). What are some of differences in data modeling between Power BI
Desktop and Power Pivot for Excel?
Here are some of the differences:
Power BI Desktop supports bi-directional cross filtering relationships, security,
calculated tables, and Direct Query options.
Power Pivot for Excel has single direction (one to many) relationships,
calculated columns only, and supports import mode only. Security roles
cannot be defined in Power Pivot for Excel.

Q61). What are the different views in Power BI Desktop?

Report view: This is the main view where you create and edit your
reports. You can add visuals, filters, and other elements to your reports in
this view.
Data view: This view allows you to see the underlying data that is used in
your reports. You can use this view to troubleshoot problems with your
data or to make changes to your data model.
Model view: This view allows you to see the data model that is used in
your reports. You can use this view to see the relationships between
tables, to create calculated columns, and to define measures.
Query editor: This view allows you to edit the queries that are used to
load data into your reports. You can use this view to troubleshoot
problems with your queries or to make changes to the way your data is
loaded.

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Q62). What is DAX? What are the benefits of using variables in DAX?
DAX stands for Data Analysis Expressions.
It is a powerful language that can be used to calculate values, create
measures, and build formulas in Power BI.
DAX is a formula language that is based on Excel's Visual Basic for Applications
(VBA) language. It is a powerful language that can be used to perform a
variety of calculations

There are several benefits to using variables in DAX:

They can make your formulas more readable and maintainable
They can improve the performance of your formulas
They can make your formulas more flexible

Q63). What are the most common DAX functions used?

Here are some of the most commonly used DAX functions:
SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNTROWS, DISTINCTCOUNT
IF, AND, OR, SWITCH
ISBLANK, ISFILTERED, ISCROSSFILTERED
VALUES, ALL, FILTER, CALCULATE,
UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT, NATURALINNERJOIN, NATURALLEFTEROUTERJOIN,
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS, ISEMPTY,
VAR (Variables)
GEOMEAN, MEDIAN, DATEDIFF

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Q64). What are the three fundamental concepts of DAX?
Three fundamental concepts of DAX are as follows:

Syntax: It is the formula that includes the functions. If the syntax is wrong, the
result will show an error.

Functions: These are arguments that a specific order to perform.

Context: Contexts are of two types – Row Context and Filter Context. Row
Context is applied when a formula has a function that applies a filter to
identify a row in a table. Filter Context is applied when one or more filters are
used to get a value.

Q65). What is the DATEPART function?

It returns date function as an integer. However, DATENAME function does the same
thing, except it returns the name of the part of the date.

Q66). What does DATEDIFF function do?

This function gives a difference between 2 dates based on the specified Date part.

Q67). What is the use of statewith function?

This function returns the logical answers TRUE if the sub-string is the starting string
for the superstring. If it is not, it will return false.

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Q68). How is the FILTER function used?
The FILTER function gives back a tabler with a filter applied for all of its source
table rows. The FILTER function is used as a parameter for other functions.
FILTER can have a negative impact on large source tables as it is an iterator.
A complex filtering logic can be applied, for example,
FILTER(ATable,[SalesMetric] > 1000)

Q69). Explain the collect function.

Collect function excludes null value. It does aggregate spatial values. You can’t
transform data to another format.

Q70). What is CORR function? When we use it?

CORR is a correlation function. It gives a correlation between two variables. It
mostly ranges from -1 to 1.

Q71). What is the use of INDEX Function in Power BI?

INDEX function helps you to retrieve the index of the respective row.

Q72). What is the use of MID function?

MID function returns the string character from the specified index position.

Q73). How can you apply percentile function in Power BI?

PERCENTILE function allows you to returns the data value of the specific
percentile number.

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Q74). What is the SIGN function?
Sign function returns the direction of the values. If it returns 1, if positive then 1, if 0
then 0.

Q75). State the major differences between MAX and MAXA functions
If you want to calculate numeric values, then use MAX. However, if it is for non
numeric values, then you should use MAXA.

Q76). How can you differ COVAR and COVARP?

The main difference between the two is that: COVAR directly gives the same co-
variance, whereas COVARP is the population covariance.

Q77). State the difference between Count and CounD function.

Count function returns to count, excluding NULL values whereas Countd returns
distinct values which exclude NULL values.

Q78). What is the main difference between LTRIM and RTRIM?

LTRIM function helps you to remove the white space from the LEFT of the string.
RTRIM helps you to remove it from the right the last index.

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Q79). What is the CALCULATE function in DAX?
The CALCULATE function measures the sum of a column from any table and can
be modified with Filters.

Syntax:
CALCULATE ( <Expression> [, <Filter> [, <Filter> [, … ] ] ] )
Expression: The expression to be evaluated.
Filter: A boolean (True/False) expression or a table expression that defines a filter.

Q80). Row context vs Filter context

Row context and filter context are two important concepts in DAX, the formula
language used in Power BI. They determine how data is evaluated in a formula.
Row context is the context of the current row. It is the set of values that are
available for the current row in a table. Row context is created by the structure
of the table. For example, if a table has a column for product category, then
the row context for each row will include the value of the product category for
that row.
Filter context is the context of the current filter. It is the set of values that are
available for the current filter. Filter context is created by slicers, visuals, or
filters that limit the data that is available for calculation. For example, if a slicer
is used to filter a table by product category, then the filter context for each row
will include only the rows that match the selected product category.

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Q81). How to calculate the average in Power BI?
One is when we add a measure to a visual; by default, it summarizes any
measure. When we click on the drop-down for the measure- we can change
from Sum to Average. This gives us an average.
The second one is creating a calculated measure or column for average using
the AVERAGE() DAX function.

Q82). What is the difference between Calculated Columns, Calculated

Tables, and Measures?
Calculated columns: Calculated columns are new columns that are added to
a table. They are created using a formula that is evaluated for each row in the
table. Calculated columns can be used to add new information to a table, or
to transform existing information.
Calculated tables: Calculated tables are new tables that are created using a
formula. They are evaluated once, and the results are stored in the table.
Calculated tables can be used to create complex calculations, or to
summarize data from multiple tables.
Measures: Measures are calculated values that are used in reports and
dashboards. They are created using a formula that is evaluated for each row
in the table. Measures are often used to aggregate data, or to createKPIs.

Q83). What is the DATEPART function?

It returns date function as an integer. However, DATENAME function does the same
thing, except it returns the name of the part of the date.

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Q84). What does DATEDIFF function do?
This function gives a difference between 2 dates based on the specified Date part.

Q85). What is the Time Intelligence function?

Time intelligence functions in Power BI are a set of functions that allow you to
analyze data over time.
These functions can be used to create calculations that compare data from
different time periods, or to create visualizations that show trends over time.

Q86). Give some examples of Time Intelligence function

DATEADD: Returns a table that contains a column of dates, shifted either
forward or backward in time by the specified number of intervals(Year,
quarter, month or day) from the dates in the current context.
DATEDIFF: This function calculates the difference between two dates.
YEAR: This function returns the year from a date.
MONTH: This function returns the month from a date.
WEEKDAY: This function returns the weekday from a date.
TODAY: This function returns the current date.
EARLIER: This function returns the previous date of a specified date.
LATER: This function returns the next date of a specified date.

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Q87). Difference between Power Query and Power Pivot.
Power Query and Power Pivot are both Microsoft Power BI tools that can be
used to prepare and analyze data. However, they have different strengths and
weaknesses.
Power Query is a data transformation tool that can be used to extract,
transform, and load data from a variety of sources. It is a powerful tool that
can be used to clean up data, remove duplicates, and create new columns.
Power Query is also a great tool for combining data from different sources.
Power Pivot is a data modeling tool that can be used to create data models. A
data model is a collection of tables that are related to each other. Power Pivot
can be used to create complex data models that can be used to analyze large
amounts of data. Power Pivot also supports DAX, a formula language that can
be used to create calculations and measures.

Q88). Name the different connectivity modes available in Power BI?

DirectQuery: This mode connects directly to the data source and queries the
data in real time. This can be useful for data that is constantly changing, such
as stock market data or weather data. However, it can also put a strain on the
data source, especially if you are querying large amounts of data.
Import: This mode imports the data into Power BI and stores it in a cache. This
can be useful for data that is not constantly changing, such as historical data.
It can also be useful if you are working with large amounts of data that would
be too slow to query in real time.
Live connection: This mode is a hybrid of DirectQuery and Import. It connects
directly to the data source, but it also stores a cache of the data in Power BI.
This can be useful for data that is updated frequently, but not as frequently as
data that is queried in DirectQuery mode.

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Q89). What are the different types of refresh options available in Power BI?
On-demand refresh: This is the default refresh option. It refreshes the data
when you manually refresh the report or dashboard
Scheduled refresh: This option refreshes the data at a scheduled time. You can
schedule the refresh to occur daily, weekly, or monthly
Push refresh: This option refreshes the data when a user opens a report or
dashboard. This option is only available for DirectQuery datasets.

Q90). How to update the Power BI desktop?

There are a few ways to update Power BI Desktop.
Automatic updates: If you have automatic updates enabled, Power BI Desktop
will automatically update to the latest version when a new version is released.
To enable automatic updates, go to File > Options > Updates and select the
Automatically check for updates checkbox.
Manual updates: If you have automatic updates disabled, you can manually
update Power BI Desktop by going to the Help menu and selecting Check for
updates.
Microsoft Store: If you are using the Power BI Desktop app from the Microsoft
Store, you can update it by going to the Microsoft Store and selecting Get
updates

Q91). What is Power BI Cloud?

Power BI Cloud is a Cloud-Based Data Visualization set-up that gives access to its
users for editing, viewing, creating, and sharing the dashboards’ reports &
datasets across organizations and a group of people by protecting the Admin
Rights & Credentials. Access is required to view & edit these reports & dashboards.

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Q92). How to Show Percentage in Power BI?
To show percentage in Power BI, we can create a calculated measure/calculated
column using DAX calculation & show it in the report visual depending on the
requirement of the dataset being analyzed.

Q93). Which two cross-filter directions are available in Power BI table

relationships?
In Power BI, there are two cross-filter directions available in table relationships:
Single: This is the default cross-filter direction. It means that filters applied to
the "one" side of the relationship will be propagated to the "many" side of the
relationship.
Both: This means that filters applied to either side of the relationship will be
propagated to the other side.

Q94). How to connect SQL Server to Power BI?

Here are the steps on how to connect SQL Server to Power BI:

Open Power BI Desktop.

Click on the Get Data button.
In the Get Data dialog box, select Databases.
Select SQL Server.
Click on the Connect button.
In the Connect to SQL Server dialog box, enter the following information:
Server name: The name of the SQL Server.
Database name: The name of the database that you want to connect to.
Username: Your username for the SQL Server.
Password: Your password for the SQL Server.
Click on the Connect button.

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Q95). What is Power Map?
Power Map is a discontinued feature in Power BI that allowed you to visualize
data on a 3D map. It was discontinued in 2020 and replaced by the Geospatial
visuals feature.
Power Map was a powerful tool that could be used to visualize data in a variety
of ways. For example, you could use Power Map to visualize sales data by
region, or to track the movement of people or goods over time.
Power Map was discontinued because it was not widely used by Power BI
users. The Geospatial visuals feature is more versatile and easier to use, and it
is the recommended way to visualize geospatial data in Power BI.

Q96). What is Power BI Q&A?

Power BI Q&A is a feature in Power BI that allows you to explore your data using
natural language. You can ask questions about your data in plain English, and
Power BI Q&A will try to understand your question and return the answer.
Power BI Q&A is a powerful tool that can be used to explore your data in a
more intuitive way. It can be used to answer questions about your data that
would be difficult or impossible to answer using traditional methods.

Q97). What happens when you click the Infocus mode of a tile on the
PowerBI dashboard on the browser?
When you click the Infocus mode of a tile on the PowerBI dashboard on the
browser, the selected tile expands and takes the full space

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Q98). What is z-order in Power BI?
Z-order is a design strategy that is used for arranging visuals over shapes. Also, z-
order can be defined as an implementation method that can be applied when
reports have multiple elements. Further, this can also be used to refresh the
display after the order of items in a report is changed.

Q99). What are query parameters and Power BI templates?

Query parameters are values that can be passed into a query to control the
results of the query.
For example, you could use a query parameter to specify the date range for a
query, or the product category that you want to filter on.
Power BI templates are pre-configured reports and dashboards that can be
used as a starting point for creating your own reports and dashboards.
Templates can save you time and effort by providing you with a ready-made
design that you can customize to your needs.

Q100). What is OData feed in Power BI?

OData stands for open data protocol.
It is usually used to pull data from websites and SharePoint.
It helps in getting data from URLs. It basically helps to extract data from a URL
without getting into the details of URL-specific parameters like request,
response, HTTP methods, etc.
It takes care of these things in the back end, leaving us to focus on pulling the
data and performing transformations, and creating useful analyses

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POWER BI
ADVANCE
LEVEL

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Q101). Is it possible to refresh Power BI Reports after they are published to
the cloud?
Yes, it is possible. Gateways can be used to do so.
For SharePoint: Data Management Gateway
For Powerbi.com: Power BI Personal Gateway

Q102). What gateways are available in Power BI, and why use them?
A gateway basically acts as a bridge between on-premise data sources and
Azure Cloud Services.
Personal Gateway: Data can be imported and valid on Power BI Service only.
Also, this gateway can only be used by a single person.
On-premises Gateway: This gateway is the advanced form of Personal
gateway. It supports Direct Query, and multiple users can use this for
refreshing data.

Q103). Which language is used in Power Query?

M-code is a new programming language used in Power Query.
It’s really easy to use and pretty similar to other programming languages.

Q104). Explain what M language is in Power BI.

M is a query language formula that is used in Power BI Query Editor.
It helps in preparing data before loading it into the Power BI model.
The main function of Power Query is to mash-up data from one supported source
to another.
These data mashups are expressed with the help of Power Query M Formula
Language.

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Q105). How can geographic data be mapped into Power BI Reports?
There are a few ways to map geographic data into Power BI reports:
Use a map visual: This is the most common way to map geographic data. You
can drag and drop a map visual onto your report canvas, and then select the
field that contains the geographic data. Power BI will automatically map the
data to the correct location on the map.
Use a custom visual: There are a number of custom visuals available that can
be used to map geographic data. These visuals offer more flexibility and
customization options than the built-in map visual.
Use a data connector: There are a number of data connectors available that
can be used to connect to geographic data sources. Once you have
connected to the data source, you can use the data in your reports.

Q106). What is Advanced Editor in Power BI?

The Advanced Editor in Power BI is a tool that allows you to edit the underlying M
code for your reports and dashboards. M is the language that Power BI uses to
perform calculations and to create measures.

The Advanced Editor can be used to:

Edit the M code for your reports and dashboards.
See the underlying M code for your reports and dashboards.
Debug your M code.
Learn more about the M language.

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Q107). Can we have more than one active relationship between two tables
in Power Pivot Data Model?
When considering database relationships, it is crucial to understand that two
tables cannot simultaneously have multiple active relationships. While it is
feasible for two tables to establish multiple relationships, only one of these
relationships can be active at any given moment.

Q108). Can you have a table in the model which does not have any
relationship with other tables?
Yes. There are two main reasons why you can have disconnected tables:
The table is used to present the user with parameter values to be exposed and
selected in slicers
It uses the table as a placeholder for metrics in the user interface

Q109). How do you consolidate inquiries in Power BI?

Join Queries are used to consolidate inquiries in Power BI.

Q110). What are the three Edit Interactions options of a visual tile in Power
BI Desktop?
The 3 edit interaction options are Filter, Highlight, and None.

Filter: It completely filter a visual/tile based on the filter selection of another

visual/tile.
Highlight: It highlight only the related elements on the visual/tile, gray out the non-
related items.
None: It ignore the filter selection from another tile/visual

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Q111). What is the use of split function?
SPLIT function is used to split the string database on the given delimiter.

Q112). What is query folding in Power Query?

Query folding refers to the process in Power Query where the defined steps are
translated into SQL and executed by the source database instead of the client
machine. This practice holds significant importance in terms of optimizing
performance and ensuring scalability in data processing.

Q113). How to Connect to Oracle Databases in Power BI?

here are the steps on how to connect to Oracle databases in Power BI:
Open Power BI Desktop.
Click on the Get Data button.
In the Get Data dialog box, select Databases.
Select Oracle.
Click on the Connect button.
In the Connect to Oracle dialog box, enter the following information:
Server name: The name of the Oracle server.
Port number: The port number of the Oracle server.
Username: Your username for the Oracle database.
Password: Your password for the Oracle database.
Click on the Connect button.

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Q114). How to share Power BI dashboards?
Power BI reports/dashboards can be shared in multiple ways.

If you and your end-users have a Power BI Pro license, then-

We are using the share option in reports and dashboards.- This option enables
access to a report or dashboard to individual users.
Using content packs – Publish your report/dashboard along with the data set
as a content pack and then share it with either a group or individual or open it
for the entire organization.
Publish your dashboards and reports into App Workspace and share the App
link to a group or individual or open it for the entire organization. When
publishing as App- we can select the reports and datasets that we want to be
included in the App.
The report can be embedded into Web or SharePoint, for which we need the
embed code. This embed code is added to the website code or the SharePoint
code.

Q115). How to publish a dashboard in Power BI?

To publish a dashboard, first, we need to be signed in to Power BI using our
professional account; it only takes the work/ org account.
Once you are signed in, there is a publish option available. Clicking on it opens
a small window- which asks you to select the workspace into which you want
to publish your report.
If any workspace is there to which you have been provided access, you can
choose that depending on data security, or otherwise, by default, you have the
option of My Workspace, which is the default space provided for you. So, you
can publish your report there.

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Q116). What is MDX in Power BI?
MDX (Multi-Dimensional Expressions) in Power BI is a powerful query language for
multi-dimensional data analysis.
It provides a way to analyze data from multiple perspectives, enabling users to
slice and dice data for deeper insights.
MDX allows users to create calculated measures, hierarchies, and calculated
members from multiple data sources, allowing users to generate a single report
from multiple sources.
MDX also allows users to create complex calculated formulas to generate new
insights from their data.

Q117). What is Lock Aspect in Power BI?

Lock Aspect is basically used to lock the proportion of a visual when you try to
drag through the corners to resize it.
So, for example, if you create a visualization chart & turn the Lock Aspect on – and
then try to resize it with the help of your mouse, it won’t change, and it keeps
proportions the same as earlier.

Q118). Can SQL and Power Query/Query Editor be used together?

Yes, a SQL statement can be defined as the source of a Power Query/M function
for additional processing/logic.
This would be a good practice to ensure that an efficient database query is
passed to the source and avoid unnecessary processing and complexity by the
client machine and M function.

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Q119). What is Forecast in Power BI?
In Power BI, forecasting is the process of predicting future values for a metric
based on its historical values. Power BI offers several forecasting algorithms that
can be used to create forecasts.

The forecasting algorithms available in Power BI are:

AutoML Forecast: This is the default forecasting algorithm. It uses machine
learning to automatically select the best forecasting algorithm for your data.
Linear regression: This algorithm fits a linear line to the historical data and uses
the line to predict future values.
Exponential smoothing: This algorithm weights the most recent data points
more heavily than older data points when making predictions.
Holt-Winters: This algorithm is a more advanced version of exponential
smoothing that can account for trends and seasonality in the data.

To create a forecast in Power BI, you need to:

Select the metric that you want to forecast.
Click on the Forecast button in the Analyze tab.
In the Forecast dialog box, select the forecasting algorithm that you want to
use.
Specify the forecasting horizon. This is the number of periods into the future
that you want to forecast.
Click on the OK button.

Q120). Can a gateway contain both import and direct query connections?
Yes. However, using separate gateways for import and direct query connections is
good practice. This is because direct query connections can place a lot of strain
on the machine that the gateway is installed on. To avoid delays or potential
issues as you scale the number of reports and the number of users for those
reports, it is best to use separate gateways.

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THANK YOU

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