Anatomy 360: The Ultimate Visual Guide To The Human Body. ISBN 1684122805, 978-1684122806
Anatomy 360: The Ultimate Visual Guide To The Human Body. ISBN 1684122805, 978-1684122806
Anatomy 360: The Ultimate Visual Guide To The Human Body. ISBN 1684122805, 978-1684122806
Body
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ISBN-13: 978-1-60710-497-1
1 2 3 4 5 15 14 13 12 11
Anatomical Images
Primal Pictures Ltd, London, UK
www.primalpictures.com
Publisher
Peter Norton
Editor
Lorna Wilson
Senior Anatomist, Primal Pictures, UK
Author
Dr. Jamie Roebuck, BSc (Hons), MBChB, FHEA
Clinical Education Fellow, Warwick University, UK
Design
Rebecca Painter
Carolina Stenstrom
Jacket Design
Nick Harris
www.splinter-group.net
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: SYSTEMS
Anatomical Language
Tissues of the Skeletal System
Gross Anatomy of the Skeletal System
Tissues of the Muscular System
Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System
Tissues of the Cardiovascular System
Blood
Gross Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Immunity
Tissues of the Nervous System
Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System
Endocrine System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Integumentary System
Index
ABOUT THE IMAGES
The amazing images found within this book are taken from the interactive
products of Primal Pictures. They are generated from a comprehensive 3-D
model that has taken twenty years to complete and is made up of more than
7,000 individual anatomical structures. Any combination of structures can
be seen from any angle, allowing the vast array of images you can see in
this book to be created.
Look out for this mouse icon; it marks images that can be seen
rotating 360 degrees in an online movie at:
www.primalpictures.com/anatomy360
THE MODEL
Creating the model began with building the skeleton. The bones of a full
adult skeleton were scanned using a CT machine and reconstructed as a
detailed 3-D computer model. The skeleton could then act as a framework
for the soft tissues of the body that were modeled.
Structures such as the muscles, vessels, nerves, and organs were constructed
in a process using data from Primal MRI data and the Visible Human
Project.
This image shows a label around the caudate nucleus of the brain on an axial slice.
Splines
In Houdini, the graphics team used the labels to create a 3-D shape of each anatomical component.
Here are the rings for the lateral ventricles of the brain seen in axial, sagittal, and coronal directions,
and combined together.
The sets of rings taken were then skinned and manually manipulated to provide smooth realistic
shapes.
Final model
Smaller components that could not be segmented, such as small ligaments and vessels were hand-
modeled and the 3-D model was textured and rendered to produce the images you can see in this
book.
WHOLE BODY OVERVIEW
The human body is truly amazing. At this very moment numerous chemical
reactions are taking place within the trillions of specialized cells that make
up our tissues, organs, and systems. Working together, they allow us to
move, to grow, to breathe, to eat, to react to our environment, and even to
interact with one another. Thanks to our incredible bodies, we are living
organisms that not only survive, but thrive, here on planet Earth. As we take
this journey through the human body we will see the remarkable way in
which the body is adapted and organized to allow this to happen.