इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 11052 (1984): Methods of test for vertical impact drop

test on paper sacks [CHD 15: Paper and its products]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
( Reaffirmed 2002 )
 1s : 11052- 1984

Indiau Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR VERTICAL
IMPACT DROP TEST ON PAPER SACKS

Paper and Flexible Packaging Sectional Committee, MCPD 14

Chuirman Representing
SHRI K. VI~WANATHAN Metal Box India Ltd, Calcutta
Members
DR S. LAKSHIVIAN~N( Alternate to
Shri K. Viswanathan )
Da S. R. AQAEWAL Glaxo ( Laboratories ) India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S’. M. KHAN (Bkernate)
SHRI A. B. AJMERA Card Board Box Manufacturing Co, Calcutta
SRRI C. B. AJMERA ( Alternate )
SHRI A. L. &NAMALAI Federation of Corrugated Box Manufacturers’
of India, Bombay
SHRI G. B. CHAMARIA (Alternate)
SHKI VIDYA CHAKAN B&QAVA Directorate of Plant Protection ( Ministrv of
Agriculture ), Faridabad ’ ’
SHRI S. K. GHOSII ( Alternate)
Wa-CDR V. B. BHATIA Ministry of Defcnce ( DGI ), Kanpur
Sam J. K. SINHA ( Alternate)
SHRI s. Ca AKHAIIOI<TI Hindustan Lever Ltd, Bombay
SHRI V. D~A~AN ( Altexate)
SH~I B. D. C~IA’~TERJEE Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd, Vadodara
Snm P. R. SESHAN (Alternate j
DR S. S. GUPTA Bayer ( India ) Ltd, Bombay
Da P. V. R.4IKhR (Alternate )
Dn R. JAYARAM Federation of Biscuit Manufacturers’ of India,
Delhi
JOINT DIRECTOR, TR Al?FIC Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways )
COMMEI~CIALRATES
SHEI N. P. KAPAUIA Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Bombay
SHRI R. P. S~OCKAR ( Alternate, \
S~IRI S. K. KESHAVA ITC Limited, Calcutta
SARI Y. C. D~+:v~srrw~zrr( Alternate )
SHRI A. L MU,~IZIAN India Packaging Products Pvt Ltd, Bangalore
Sntrr A. L. ANNAMAL.~I ( Alternate )
SHEI N. MADIIAVAN NAIR Kesoram Rayons, Calcutta

@J Copyright 1984
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian Co@right Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS : 11052 - 1984

( Contkruedfron2page 1 )

Members Representing
SIII:I P. V. NARAYANAN Indian Institute of Packaging, Bombay
SIU~I A. K. SENOKJPTA (Alter/&e)
Dn A. N. NAYEIL SKAN Packaging Consultancy Service, New Delhi
SII~I SANJAY K. NAYER ( Alternate )
SIIRI M. K. RAMASAMI Jayant Packaging Pvt Ltd, Madras
Sua~ R. MLJTI~IAH ( Alternate )
SJIRI c. V. N. Rno Office of the Development Commissioner, Small
Scale Industries ( Ministry of Industry )
Srrur L. N. SHETTY Solid Containers Ltd, Bombay
SHRI N. V. S~IETH ( Alfernate)
SHIU M. 6. SINUH Directorate of Standardization, Ministry of
Defence ( R & D )
SHRI 0. P. SRIVABTAVA( Alternate )
SHRI S. SUNDER India Foils Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI S. P. CXATTERJEE ( Alternate )
SHI~I R. C. TANDON Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra
Dun
SlrlLI P. S. DAS Director General, IS1 ( Ew-o&io Member )
Oirector ( MCPD )

Secretory
SBRI A. R. GULATI
Deputy Director ( MCPD ), ISI

2
 IS : 11052 - 1984

hdian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR VERTICAL
IMPACT DROP TEST ON PAPER SACKS

0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards
Institution on 30 March 1984, after the draft finalized by the Paper and
Flexible Packaging Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Marine, Cargo Movement and Packaging Division Council.
0.2 Vertical impact drop test is performed to investigate the effect of
vertical impact or as part of a sequence of tests designed to assess the
ability of a sack to withstand a distribution system that includes a vertical
impact hazard. This standard is based on IS : 7028 ( Part 4 )-1973* but is
specifically related to paper sacks.
0.3 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-196Ct. The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies methods of performing a vertical drop impact
test on a filled paper sack by dropping.
1.1.1 This standard specifies the test procedure and how the test reports
should be presented.

2. PRINCIPLE
2.1 The filled sack is raised above a rigid plane surface and released to
strike this surface after a free fall, the atmospheric conditions, the height
of drop and the position of the package being predetermined.

3. APPARATUS
3.1 A lifting arrangement, which shall not damage the sack during either
lifting or release.

*Performance tests for complete, filled transport packages: Part 4 Vertical impact
drop test.
$Rules for rounding off numerical values ( rcuised).

3
IS t 11052- 1984

3.2 A means of holding the sack prior to release in its predetermined

position.
NOTE -The difference in behaviour of a sack suspended from the top or
supported underneath in a butt drop could be significant and the method of holding
the sack before dropping shall be included in the test report.

3.3 A release mechanism, to release the sack in such a way that its fall
is not obstructed by any part of the apparatus before striking the impact
surface.

3.4 An impact surface, horizontal and flat, massive enough to be

immovable and rigid enough to be non-deformable under test conditions.
In normal circumstances the impact surface provided shall be:
4 Integral with a mass at least 50 times that of the heaviest sack
to be tested;
b) Flat, such that no two points on its surface differ in level by
more than 2 mm;
4 Rigid, such that it will not be deformed by more than O-1 mm
when an area of 1CO mms is loaded statically with 10 kg load
anywhere on the surface; and
4 Sufficiently large to ensure that the sack falls entirely upon the
surface.
A plastic film may be used on the impact surface under the sack in
order not to damage the sack while moving it.
Examples of types of apparatus that may be used are shown in Fig. 1
and 2.

4. SAMPLING
4.1 Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure laid
down in IS : 10528-1983*.

5. CONDITIONING
5.1 The empty sacks shall be conditioned to a temperature of 2762°C and
RH 6.5f2 percent until equilibrium is reached, approaching such
equilibrium from dry side [ see IS : 1060 (Part I)-1966T 1.

6. PROCEDURE

6.1 The test shall be carried out in the same atmospheric conditions as
used for conditioning or, if not, the test shall commence within 3 minutes
of removing the sack from the conditioning atmosphere.

*Method of sampling empty p?per sacks for testinq.

tMethods of sampling and test for paper and allied products: Part 1 ( revised ).

4
 IS:11052 - 1984

FIG. 1 TYPJCAL APPARATUS FOR FLAT AND SIDE DROPPING OF SACKS

6.2 Filling - The sacks shall be filled with the intended commodity but,
if this is not possible, with a similar material, taking into account type and
size of granules, etc, to give the same degree of filling. The mass of filling
material shall be within f 0.2 percent of that of the nominal mass of the
intended contents of the sack. All air pockets in the sack shall be
removed as far as possible before closing or stitching the sack finally before
testing. The material in the sack shall be positioned on the trap door
before the drop.

5
IS:11052 -1984

FIG. 2 TYPICAL APPARATUS FOR BUTT DROPPING OF SACKS

6.3 Dropping - The sack under test shall be positioned centrally on the
platform which is then raised to a height that is within f 2 percent of the
predetermined drop height as defined by the distance between the lowest
point on the sack at the time of release and the nearest point on the
impact surface.
6.4 The sack shall be released from its predetcrminrd position within the
following tolerances:
4 For drops on any side or edge: there shall be a variation of no
more than 2” between the impacting surface and the horizontal
surface.
b) For edge or corner drops : the angle between a prcscribcd surface
of the sack and the horizontal surface shall be 4.5&-So.
4 The velocity at impact shall be within k 1 pcrccnt of that
which would be achieved laya free fall.

6
 IS : 11052 - 1984

6.4.1 Dropping Proct+dures- The nomenclature used in this section to

refer to the various surfaces of the filled sack is set down in Appendix A,

6.4.1.1 Flat dropping - Successive sacks shall be dropped alternately

on the front side (1) and on the back side (3), so that the first sack is
dropped on the front side until it breaks and the second on the back side
until it breaks, and so on.
6.4.1.2 Side dropping - Successive sacks shall be dropped alternately
on the side (2) and the side (4), so that the first sack is dropped on the
side (2) until it breaks and the second on the side (4) until it breaks, and
so on.
6.4.1.3 Butt dropping - The sack shall be dropped only on the
bottom (5) until it breaks.

6.4.1.4 Edge and corner dropping - If this test is necessary, the sack
shall be dropped on any corner or any edge until it breaks.

6.5 Test Methods

6.5.1 Progressive Drop Height Method - This method may be used for
flat and butt drop testing of paper sacks.

6.5.1.1 Flat and side drop test

Drop height formula:
h = 0.85f0.15 ( n-l )
where

h = drop height in metres, and

n = drop number.

The drop test shall be initiated at 0.85 m height. After each drop
lvithout any visible failure on the sack, an increment of 0.15 m in drop
height shall be made.
A sack shall be considered broken when spillage of the contents occurs.
The final drop height at break is recorded.
The test result shall be reported as the average breaking height (h)
and the corresponding number of drops (n).
6.5.1.2 Butt drop test
Drop height formula:
h = 0.30+0.05 ( n-l )
where
h = drop height in metrcs,

7
IS:11052 -1984

n = drop number.
The drop test shall be initiated at 0.30 m height.
After each drop without any visible failure on the sack, an increment
of O-05 m in drop height is made,
The result shall be reported in accordance with 6.5.1.1.
NOTE - For sacks of composite materials or with reinforcement of any type, a
suitable initial drop height may be selected with increments of about l/6 of the
in’tial height, rounded to the nearest 0’05 m.

6.5.2 Constant Drop Height Method - This method may be for testing
of ordinary paper sacks as an alternative method to the progressive drop
height method.

6.5.2.1 Flat, side or butt drop test - This test may be used for either
flat side or butt dropping and shall be performed from a constant height
so selected that the number of drops before rupture is about 10.
A sack shall be considered broken when a spillage of the contents
occurs.
The report shall give the drop height, number of drops to breakage
and the type of drops ( that is, flat, side or butt drops ).
NOTE - The constant drop height method has a special application when testing
paper sacks intended for the transport of dangerous goods ( maximum net mass 50
kg ). According to UN Recommendations and the IMDG Code, three sacks shall
be sampled and tested. In the UN Recommendations, paper sacks intended to
convey goods presenting medium danger ( Packaging Group II ) shall be dropped
from a height of 1’2 m. While those presenting minor danger ( Packaging Group
III ) shall be dropped from a height of 0’8 m. It is required that each of the filled
sacks shall be dropped once on the front side and once on the bottom from the
prescribed height. With both 1evels of testing there shall be neither serious rupture
to any of the sacks nor loss of contents.

6.5.3 Limit Height Method - This method shall be used to test sacks
with higher strength than ordinary paper sacks.
6.5.3.1 Flat, side or butt drop test - The test may be performed as flat,
side or butt drop test.
In this test the lowest height at which the sack will break on the
first drop is claculated from the result obtained.
The sack shall be dropped from three constant heights, which give
mean drop numbers of approximately 3, 8 and 13.
The limit height (H) is calculated from the formula:
H a
n=
(h >
where
n = mean drop number.

8
 IS:11052 -1984

H= limit height,

h= drop height, and

a= constant to one sack grade.

H may also be calculated using a graphical method, by plotting the

mean drop number (n) against the corresponding drop height (h) on
log-log graph paper as shown in the example ( see Fig. 3 ),

The test report shall give the drop heights used, number of drops to
breakage at each height and the type of drops ( that is, flat, side or butt
drop ).

DROP HElGHl

FIG. 3 GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF LIMIT HEIGHT, H

9
IS : 11052 - 1984

7. TEST REPORT
7.1 The test report shall include full details of size, construction and type
of all sacks tested together with information on the type and mass of
contents and mode of closure.

7.2 All results shall be given and shall include details of position and type
of failures.

7.3 A suitable format for a report form that may be used for this purpose
is given in Appendix B.

APPENDIX A
( Clause 6.4.1 )

IDENTIFICATION OF SURFACES OF FILLED

SACKS FOR TESTING

P FRONT SIDE
(FILLING END)

2 RIGHT SIDE 7

3 BACK SIDE
(LONGITUDINAL SEAM)
Fro. 4. IOENTIFICATION
OF SURFACES

The sack shall be placed on the back side (3) (that is, that, side containing
the longitudinal seam ) downwards, and the top ( that is, the filling end )
(6) of the sack positioned away from the observer, as shown in Fig. 4
above. .

10
 fs : ii052 - 1984

The different surfaces are identified as:

Surface 1 Front side

Surface 2 Right side
Surface 3 Back side ( longitudinal seam )
Surface 4 Left side
Surface 5 Bottom
Surface 6 Top ( filling end )

APPEMDI2i B
(“clause 7.3 )

DROP TEBT REPORT

Sack and Test Details

-
Manufacturer: Sack Type: Test Purpose:
_ \
Manufacturing No. : Dimensions: Test Method:
_ -_-

Manufacturing Date: Specification: Conditioning:

Order No. : Filling Material:

Customer: Date of Test: Filling Weight:

-

f 1s
1s : 11052- 1984

Drop Test Results

zp,“,I,,*,~,4,5,a,~~9,10,*l,l*,l~
1

7
a
9

10

t:

13
14
15

16
17
ia

19
20

Remarks: Signature:

Date:

12