COURSE STRUCTURE

CLASS–XI (THEORY) (2024-25)

(2023-24)
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks70

S.No UNIT No. of Marks

Periods
1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 12 7

2 Structure of Atom 14 9
3 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in 8 6
Properties
4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 14 7
5 Chemical Thermodynamics 16 9
6 Equilibrium 14 7

7 Redox Reactions 6 4

8 Organic Chemistry: Some basic Principles and 14 11

Techniques
9 Hydrocarbons 12 10

TOTAL 70

Unit I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 12 Periods

General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry.

Nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements,
atoms and molecules.
Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition,
empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on
stoichiometry.

Unit II: Structure of Atom 14 Periods

Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson's
model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its
limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's
relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes
of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion
principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and
completely filled orbitals.
Unit III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 08 Periods
Significance of classification, brief history of the development of periodic table, modern periodic
law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic
radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity,
valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.

Unit IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 14 Periods

Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character
of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry
of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and
shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic
molecules(qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond.

Unit VI: Chemical Thermodynamics 16 Periods

Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and
intensive properties, state functions.
First law of thermodynamics -internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat,
measurement of U and H, Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond
dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization,
solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction)
Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb's energy change for spontaneous and non-
spontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium.
Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction).
Unit VII: Equilibrium 14 Periods

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass
action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's principle, ionic
equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization,
ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea),
buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative
examples).
Unit VIII: Redox Reactions 06 Periods
Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox
reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications
of redox reactions.

Unit XII: Organic Chemistry -Some Basic Principles and Techniques 14 Periods
General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification
and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond:
inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic
fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles,
types of organic reactions.
 Unit XIII: Hydrocarbons 12 Periods

Classification of Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical
reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes - Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical
properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water,
hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism
of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of
preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of - hydrogen,
halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties:
mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft's
alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene.
Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

PRACTICALS

Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks

Volumetric Analysis 08
Salt Analysis 08
Content Based Experiment 06
Project Work 04
Class record and viva 04
Total 30

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS Total Periods: 60

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments, wherever possible such
techniques should be used.

A. Basic Laboratory Techniques

1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod
2. Bending a glass tube
3. Drawing out a glass jet
4. Boring a cork
 3. Detection of Nitrogen in the given organic compound.
4. Detection of Halogen in the given organic compound.
Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording observations.
Prescribed Books:
1. Chemistry Part – I, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.
2. Chemistry Part – II, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.

CLASS XII (2023-24) (THEORY)

CLASS XII (2024-25) (THEORY)
Time : 3 Hours 70 Marks

S.No. Title No. of Marks

Periods
1 Solutions 10 7
2 Electrochemistry 12 9
3 Chemical Kinetics 10 7
4 d -and f -Block Elements 12 7
5 Coordination Compounds 12 7
6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 10 6
7 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10 6
8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 10 8
9 Amines 10 6
10 Biomolecules 12 7
Total 70

Unit II: Solutions 10 Periods

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in

liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure,
elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular
masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor.

Unit III: Electrochemistry 12 Periods

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to
chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic
solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's
Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells,
lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.
Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics 10 Periods

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration,
temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant,
integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision
theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements 12 Periods

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals,

general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy,
oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds,
alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid

contraction and its consequences.

Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds 12 Periods

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties

and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's
theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in
qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes. 10 Periods

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation
mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in

monosubstituted compounds only).

Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane,

iodoform, freons, DDT.

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10 Periods

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary
alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration,
uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of
phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

 Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 10 Periods

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical
and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in
aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties; uses.

Unit XIII: Amines 10 Periods

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical

properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit XIV: Biomolecules 12 Periods

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L
configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose,
glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins
- primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation
of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.

Vitamins - Classification and functions.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

PRACTICALS

Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks

Volumetric Analysis 08

Salt Analysis 08

Content Based Experiment 06

Project Work 04

Class record and viva 04

Total 30

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS 60Periods

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments. Wherever
possible, such techniques should be used.