A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON CYBER BULLYING AGAINST WOMENS IN INDIA

Hanushka Srinivasan. S
132202099, BBA.LLB,
Saveetha School Of Law,
Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Sciences (SIMATS),
Saveetha University, Chennai - 600077
anithahanushka@gmail.com

Mr.B.Akshai Anand
Teaching Research Assistant,
Department Of International Law,
Saveetha School Of Law,
Saveetha Institute Of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS),
Saveetha University, Chennai - 600077
akshaiaanandhb@gmail.com
 A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON CYBER BULLYING AGAINST WOMENS IN INDIA

AUTHOR: HANUSHKA SRINIVASAN

CO-AUTHOR: Mr.B.AKSHAI ANAND

ABSTRACT:
Cyberbullying against women is a growing concern in India's digital world. Cyberbullying is
a type of bullying that takes place using internet devices like social media, email, chat, and
other online platforms. In India, cyberbullying against women is frequently influenced by
traditional gender roles and expectations, as well as deeply embedded power structures. As a
result, cyberbullying against women in India can be both psychologically and physically
damaging. This study will look into the effectiveness, impact, strategies for dealing with
cyberbullying against women in India, prevalence, impact, and strategies for dealing with
cyberbullying against women in India. The study will also look into the existing legal and
policy frameworks in India for dealing with cyberbullying against women, as well as best
practises for dealing with cyberbullying and promoting online safety for women.The research
method followed here is empirical in nature.A total of 206 responses have been collected
through survey and convenient sampling method has been used here.It is also critical to
encourage cyberbullying victims and to develop safe online areas for them to speak up and
seek treatment. Thus, more awareness and activism against cyberbullying targeting women is
needed to ensure that this issue is not overlooked.

KEYWORDS:
Cybercrime, Cyberbullying, Government statues, Victimisation, Womens discrimination,
Harassment and cybersecurity
INTRODUCTION:

The use of technology, such as the internet and social media, to harass, threaten, or shame
another person is known as cyberbullying. It can involve emailing, uploading, or spreading
damaging, misleading, or derogatory material about another person. In today's environment,
cyberbullying has become a serious problem. Bullies may now easily target and harass their
victims online because of the advent of social media. Sending threatening or abusive texts,
uploading humiliating or harmful photographs or videos, and spreading rumours are all
examples of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying can result in significant effects such as despair,
anxiety, low self-esteem, and even suicide. It is critical to take cyberbullying seriously and to
not be afraid to seek help if you or someone you know is a victim. Cyberbullying can have a
profound and long-lasting impact on victims, particularly women, causing feelings of
insecurity, depression, anxiety, and even physical harm. Cyberbullying can also cause low
self-esteem and problems trusting people. Women are particularly vulnerable to
cyberbullying due to the prevalence of gender-based violence, which is frequently
perpetuated through cyberbullying. Women are frequently targeted because of their gender,
colour, religion, or sexual orientation, resulting in long-term emotional and psychological
suffering.Cyberbullying against women is becoming an increasingly severe issue in India.
Women in India are more exposed to online harassment, abuse, and threats, despite
technological improvements that have made communication simpler and more prevalent.
Since cyberbullying can have major psychological, physical, and social consequences for
women, it is an essential topic to investigate and treat. The frequency and impact of
cyberbullying against women in India, as well as the cultural and legal ramifications of this
sort of harassment, will be the subject of this study. It will also investigate potential solutions
for combating cyberbullying against women in India and make recommendations for future
research on the subject. Furthermore, this study will provide insight into how gender-based
violence affects womens lives in India, as well as how cyberbullying can exacerbate existing
gender inequality.
Some government initiatives and programmes relating to cybercrime include:
● National Reporting Portal for Cybercrime (NCCRP)
● Cell for Cybercrime Investigation (CCIC)
● National Cyber Coordination Center (NCCC)
● Cyber Security Kendra (CSK)
● Portal for Reporting Cybercrime (CCRP)
Some of the preventative measures for cyberbullying against women are:
● Establish a safe and supportive online environment: Establish a safe and supportive
online environment for everyone. Encourage people to report any instances of
bullying that they witness or experience.
● Educate women: Inform women of the dangers of online harassment and
cyberbullying. Teach them how to recognise it and respond to it.
● Make use of technology: Make use of technology to protect women from
cyberbullying. This includes things like blocking specific users, reporting offensive
content, and installing parental control software.
● Encourage positive online behaviour: Promote positive online behaviour by
encouraging kindness and respect for all users. Provide resources to help people learn
how to interact respectfully.
● Be a change agent: Advocate for laws and policies that protect women from
cyberbullying. Advocate for stricter enforcement of existing laws and the passage of
new legislation.

OBJECTIVES:

● To study the awareness level among the public on cybercrime and cyber
bullying against womens in India.
● To identify the government policies and measures for the prevention of cyber
bullying against womens in India.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin (2008) proposed a Research attempting to address
the particular phenomenon well as Online media harassment in general—is still in its early
stages, and the current work hopes to serve as a fundamental component in understanding its
substance and significance. The characteristics of typical cyberbullying victims and
perpetrators are identified using online survey data from 1,378 teenage Internet users.
Although gender and race did not substantially vary in responder victimisation or offending,
computer skill and time spent on the internet were positively connected to both victimisation
and offending in cyberbullying. Moreover, respondents who reported school issues (including
conventional bullying), assaultive conduct, and substance usage were associated with
cyberbullying encounters. The implications for dealing with this new type of juvenile
misbehaviour are examined.

Julian J. Dooley et al., (2009) proposed a research paper on cyber bullying versus
face-to-face bullying.Cyberbullying is a sort of electronic bullying that has lately been under
considerable public criticism, owing to a number of high-profile and tragic incidents of
juvenile suicide. Despite media coverage, little is understood about the nature of
cyberbullying. This may be attributed, at least in part, to a lack of theoretical and conceptual
clarity, as well as an analysis of the parallels and distinctions between cyberbullying and
face-to-face bullying. This paper examines the limited theoretical and empirical literature on
cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying, illustrating with particular instances from a
qualitative research. Individual elements common to both online and face-to-face bullying are
compared and contrasted. Then, the researchers look at the social information processing
variables that are connected with face-to-face bullying and evaluate the parallels and
differences that may define cyberbullying.

Carmel Privitera and Marilyn Anne Campbell (2009) proposed a study where he
investigated the prevalence and strategies of cyberbullying among women. One hundred and
three surveys (a modified version of the updated Negative Actions Questionnaire [NAQ-R])
were submitted by representatives of the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union who were
chosen at random (AMWU). According to the findings, 34% of respondents were bullied in
person, while 10.7% were cyberbullied. All cyberbullying victims faced face-to-face
bullying.The consequences for organisations duty of care in the face of this new type of
bullying are discussed.

Annalaura Nocentini et al., (2010) proposed a study that investigate students perceptions of
the term used to label cyberbullying, different forms and behaviours (written, verbal, visual,
exclusion and impersonation), and the criteria used to define it (imbalance of power,
intention, repetition, anonymity, and publicity) in the criteria used to define it in 3 different
European countries: Spaini , Italy and Germany. Seventy teenagers participated in nine focus
groups using the identical interview guide used in all locations. Thematic study focused on
three primary themes: (1) the word used to define cyberbullying, (2) the many behaviours
that characterise cyberbullying, (3) the three classic criteria of intentionality, power
imbalance, and recurrence, and the two new criteria of anonymity and publicity.

Jordan N. Navarro and Jana L. Jasinski (2013) Proposed a study that predicts the
probability of cyberbullying between genders using data from the Second Youth Internet
Safety Survey (D. Finkelhor, K. J. Mitchell, and J. Wolak 2011). Although gender has been
included in most of the cyberbullying literature, nearly all studies have bundled boys and
girls together when analysing risk variables. This gender conflation has led to the mistaken
belief that risk factors for cyberbullying impact both genders equally. As a result, this study
addresses that hole by examining variations in online behaviours between boys and girls,
whether these differences impact cyberbullying risk, and if regular activities theory is useful
in explaining cyberbullying risk for both boys and girls.

Chantal Faucher et al., (2014) proposed a report that summarises information from 1925
student polls about cyberb from four Canadian institutions. The overall findings are split
down to assess gender parallels and differences in male and female respondents'
backgrounds, ICT usage, cyberbullying experiences, attitudes about the problems, and ways
to address the issue.The researcher looked for parallels between these findings and other
study on cyberbullying among younger kids. The findings of the research also imply that the
gender differences that do arise give some support for each of the three theoretical
frameworks addressed for addressing this issue, namely relational aggression,
cognitive-affective deficiencies, and power and control. Yet, none of these three theories
gives a comprehensive explanation on its own. Furthermore, the study provides information
regarding cyberbullying behaviour at the university level, which has the potential to assist the
establishment of more suitable policies and intervention programs/solutions to address this
behavior's gendered aspect.

Wanda Cassidy et al., (2014) proposed a research that analysed cyberbullying among
university faculty and teaching personnel.The findings of an exploratory investigation on the
type, scope, and impact of cyberbullying experienced by 121 faculty members at one
Canadian institution are discussed in this report. We situate cyberbullying in higher education
on a spectrum alongside cyberbullying in K-12 education and in the workplace, considering
the power dynamics that define the post-secondary context. This study adds to the paucity of
research on cyberbullying at the postsecondary level and emphasises the need of factoring in
differences, such as gender and ethnicity, in policy creation and practise.

June F. Chrisholm (2014) proposed a research that reviewed the status of cyber bullying and
its prevention.The goal of this study is to provide an overview of the current state In order to
better inform educators, parents, mental health service services, policymakers, and others, we
are conducting research and conceptual frameworks on cyberbullying in the desire to promote
good scholarship, improved techniques, and thoughtful inquiries on how to promote healthy
online and offline behaviours among digital users. This conversation examines the definition
and features of cyberbullying, as well as its prevalence, impacted demographics, gender
disparities, theoretical viewpoints, and intervention and preventive challenges.

Carrie-Anne Myers Carrie and Helen Cowie (2017) proposed a research on cyberbullying
among university students.Students within the academic sector are digital natives. They do
not regard technology as new or foreign, but rather as an accepted and normalised aspect of
daily life. We may presume that university students are content with their online connections
if they have this degree of skill and ability. But, there has been a rising recognition in recent
years that, at least for certain pupils, the internet world is a very dangerous place. The age of
the students is also important, because those in higher and further education are young adults
rather than children who require parental care. According to this viewpoint, the university as
an institution has a responsibility of care to its students in their learning environment,
regardless of their age. In this research, we look into the social and cultural settings that
encourage or prohibit cyberbullying among university students. Finally, the consequences for
policy, training, and awareness raising are examined, as well as potential future study in this
understudied field.

Ahmed Arafa and Shaimaa Senosy (2017) proposed a research on patterns of cyberbullying
victimisation among Egyptian university students in Beni-Suef, Egypt.The growth of the
internet environment has revealed several cyber hazards and opportunities for misuse, such as
cyberbullying. Cyberbullying has several detrimental psychological consequences that mostly
affect young people. The purpose of this study is to look into the incidence of cyberbullying
victimisation among students of the Egyptian university in Beni-Suef, as well as the factors
that contribute to it. A total of 6740 students from all grade levels in all faculties (n=28) of
Beni-Suef University were included in this cross-sectional survey using a multi-stage random
sampling. Following four focus group talks, a self-administered questionnaire was created to
collect data. Victimization from cyberbullying is prevalent among college pupils in
Beni-Suef, with female students being especially vulnerable. Developing anti-cyberbullying
programmes geared to university students will be a significant step forward. These
programmes should include anti-cyberbullying policies and resources, as well as support for
children, families, and teachers.

Karthikeyan C. (2019) proposed a research on cyberbullying among womens in work

place.This research defines workplace cyberbullying, with a focus on workplace
cyberbullying against working women. It goes into the various factors that lead to working
place cyberbullying targeting women. The societal hazard of workplace cyberbullying on
working women and the devastating causatives is examined in depth around the world, with
specific reference to Indian conditions. Workplace cyberbullying research outcomes and
questionnaire reports from across the world, as well as India, are thoroughly examined. The
psychological concerns, socio-psychological causes that induce bullying on women are
examined in length, as are the tactics the bullies inflict on the victim across the world, with
specific reference to Indian working settings.

Anandi C. Ehman and Alan M. Gross (2019) proposed a research that analysed sexual
cyber bullying.Sexual cyberbullying is a relatively new issue in which various forms of
technology, such as cell phone messaging, social media, and other online tools, are used to
harass another person in a sexually explicit manner, or to coerce an individual into providing
private sexual information or engaging in sexually explicit activities. The current article
examines the most recent studies on sexual cyberbullying. This literature is methodologically
critiqued, and recommendations for further study are made. The significance of developing a
theoretical framework that may be utilised to better comprehend and analyse sexual
cyberbullying and other types of technologicallymediated aggression is emphasised. Alcohol,
hookup culture, and the recent media talk of revenge porn are all contextual elements that
may encourage sexual cyberbullying.

Farid Samir Benavides-Vanegas (2020) He proposed a study in which he examined

bullying and cyberbullying in the Colombian context. The study demonstrated the impact that
social media plays in the spread of cruel words and symbols, particularly emoticons and
memes. This study examines the lengthy history of social mobilisation in which courts have
played a key part in advancing their rights, as well as how, in certain circumstances, social
media, memes, and emoticons have been utilised to show support or opposition to this effort.
Finally, the researcher examined if certain emoticons, symbols, photographs, or expressions
are protected by the Colombian Court and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

M. Zaenul Muttaqin and Ninik Tri Ambarwati.(2020) This study also reveals cultural
elements that lead to womens cyberbullying. The critical discourse analysis approach was
employed in this study to examine kinds of cyberbullying that disparage women. According
to the findings of this study, cyberbullying cannot be isolated from the powerful perspective
of the mainstream discourse on the ideal physique. Idealization of a slender, white, and tall
physique, as well as a keen nose towards women, has oppressed a womans body. Negative
stereotypes, in particular, expressed through remarks in an attempt to express the body of a
woman deemed unsuitable. Following careful consideration, it is possible to infer that
cyberbullying is directed against women who do not have the ideal figure, as defined by
societys beauty standards. Social media made female bullying as common.

Rebecka Cowen Forssell (2020) proposed a study to look at implicit predictors of

cyberbullying in the workplace by looking at preliminarily established pointers of face- to-
face bullying as well as social factors like gender and formal position in the plant. A sample
size of 3371 repliers was used for multiple retrogression analysis. According to the data, a
bad social environment at work predicts the onset of cyberbullying. The study also
discovered gender and organisational position inequalities. These findings suggest that men
and women have distinct social gests when it comes to holding power in the plant. Because
women directors are a nonage in the plant, other characteristics may be more significant in
prognosticating exposures to cyberbullying geste for women directors than for the other three
orders. This composition adds to the limited information on cyberbullying in the plant by
relating driving variables.

Martina M. Symons (2021) conducted research on workplace cyberbullying. The objectives

of this study are to: (1) comprehend the concept of workplace cyberbullying, (2) develop a
definition of workplace cyberbullying, and (3) review data on workforce cyberbullying in
nursing. The four distinguishing characteristics of workplace cyberbullying described include
persistent unwelcome conduct originating in the workplace, conveyed via digital technology,
faceless perpetrator, and boundaryless. Creating a new conceptual definition of workplace
cyberbullying is crucial, as it may serve as the beginning point for theory and the creation of
new instruments to evaluate operational principles.

Nibras Salim Khudhair (2021) Proposed a research where he analysed Laws, Criminal
Responsibility and Jurisdiction of cyber bullying .Bullying is defined as any person or group
of people who tries to harm, force, intimidate, or threaten another person. Such behaviour is
most typically observed on social networking platforms, as well as in chat rooms and gaming
websites. When an individual or group of individuals abuses or harasses another person using
digital technology on the internet or in another digital arena, this is referred to as
cyberbullying. Posting private images and films without permission, establishing fake
accounts and spamming groups or individuals online, body shaming, generating memes and
movies of people, frequently celebrities, making mistakes or slips, and so on are examples of
this. According to a UNICEF poll from 2016, one in every three internet users globally is a
youngster, while the current 'India Internet Report 2019' shows that two out of every three
internet users in India are between the ages of 12 and 29. Because of their psychological
character, this group of internet users is frequently targeted by online bullies. As a result, the
frequency of incidences of cyberbullying and abuse has skyrocketed. Indian women and teens
have been victims of cyberbullying, with incidences increasing by 36% in a single year.

Sabrina Ching Yuen Luk (2022) produced a report on human rights based approach to
combat cyber bullying against womens. Cyberbullying against women and girls is becoming
increasingly common as the internet and mobile technology become more widely available
and affordable. It has had a wide-ranging impact on victims self-esteem, physical and mental
health, behaviours, interpersonal connections, and drive to live, study, and work. According
to this report, cyberbullying against women and girls is a key hindrance to attaining gender
equality and womens full growth. Adopting a human rights-based approach to combating
cyberbullying against women and girls encourages women to assert their rights to privacy
and freedom of expression online, as well as their right to be free of physical, sexual, or
psychological violence, while recognising the obligations of governments, employers,
non-profit organisations, and social media site providers to respect, protect, and guarantee
these rights.
Rabat M. Shaker et al., (2022) conducted a study on cyber bullying against womens in
Iraq.The expansion of digital media channels for communication has boosted cyberbullying
of Iraqi family women. Iraq's cyberbullying laws are inadequate, and the existing government
and legal system are failing to protect women from cyberbullying. This studys findings show
that illiteracy, a lack of resources, and the absence of current criminal laws are all reasons for
cyberbullying against women in Iraq. The study finds that the Iraqi government may reduce
cyberbullying against women through better police administration and improvement in the
criminal justice system. The work has crucial theoretical and practical implications for the
prevention of cybercrime and cyberbullying against women in Iraq.

Manpreet Kaur and Munish Saini (2022) conduct a research to analysis Indian government
initiatives on cyber bullying.Growing internet usage in a technology driven culture exposes
kids to the risk of cyberbullying on various social networking sites. Cyberbullying statistics
continue to rise year after year, resulting in negative effects. In response to this online
menace, the Indian government established many helplines, particularly for children and
women in need of aid, as well as various complaint boxes, cyber cells, and strong legislative
regulations to combat online offences. This study assesses the related initiatives. In addition,
a study is being undertaken to get information on cyberbullying in institutions of higher
learning, with numerous factors accountable for young people being cyberbullied being
emphasised, as well as a few preventative strategies at universities/colleges.

METHODOLOGY:
The research method followed here is empirical research . A total of 206 samples have been
collected out of which all samples have been collected through convenient sampling method.
The research collected information from relevant samples through a questionnaire.The
independent variables utilised in this study are age, gender, educational qualification,
occupation, marital status,income level and living area. The dependent variables are related to
public opinion on Cyber Bullying Against Women In India. The tools used for analysis are
pie charts and bar graphs through SPSS.
ANALYSIS:

Figure 1

Legend : The above given figure shows the gender of the respondents.
Figure 2

Legend : The above given figure shows the variance in the age category of the respondents.
Figure 3

Legend : The above pie chart depicts the number of respondents based on their educational
qualifications .
Figure 4

Legend : The above figure depicts the number of respondents in various occupations.
Figure 5

Legend : The above pie chart depicts the number of respondents based on their income.
Figure 6

Legend : The above pie chart depicts the number of respondents based on their marital status.
Figure 7

Legend : The above graph depicts the number of respondents based on their living area.
Figure 8

Legend: The above bar graph depicts public view regarding the most prevalent kinds of
cyberbullying.
Figure 9

Legend: The above bar graph depicts respondents perspectives on why women are victims of
cyberbullying.
Figure 10

Legend: The graph above depicts public opinion on whether victims of cyberbullying are
legally protected.
Figure 11

Legend: The graph above depicts the publics opinion of the challenges that women suffer as
a result of cyberbullying.
Figure 12

Legend: The above bar graph displays respondents opinions on whether laws are successful
in controlling cyber criminals.
Figure 13

Legend: The above bar graph depicts whether or not the general population has been a victim
of cyberbullying.
Figure 14

Legend: The graph above depicts the respondents awareness of whether cyberbullying may
be reported.
Figure 15

Legend: The above bar graph represents the rating given by respondents regarding the effect
of cyber security in india.
Figure 16

Legend: The graph above depicts the relationship between respondents gender and whether
they had been victims of cyberbullying.
Figure 17

Legend: The graph above depicts the relationship between respondents living region and
their awareness of how to report cyberbullying.
RESULTS:

It is revealed that the percentage of male respondents are 28.64% and the percentage of
female respondents are 23.30% and 48.60% of the respondents chose not to say their
gender.(Fig:1)

It is revealed that 16.99% of the respondents belongs to the ages of below 18 years , 16.99%
of the respondents were between ages of 19 - 25 , 35.41% of the respondents were within the
group of 26 - 32 , 17.48% displays the percentage of age group of 33 - 39 and 12.14% of the
respondents were above the age of 40. (Fig:2)

It is revealed that 11.65% secondary school ,19.90% higher secondary school, 33.50%
undergraduates, 29.13% are post graduates and 5.83% of the respondents do not have a
formal study.(Fig : 3)

It is revealed that 16.99% are private employees , 23.30% are Government employees ,
20.39% are self employed , 16.99% are business individuals and 22.33% are students out of
total respondents. (Fig:4)

It is revealed that 6.31% of the respondents earned between Rs.10,001 to Rs.20,000, 34.47%
of the respondents earned between Rs.20,001 to Rs.30,000, 36.89% of the respondents were
earning more than Rs.30,000 and lastly 22.33% of the respondents were dependent on parents
or guardians for their livelihood.(Fig:5)

It is revealed that 33.98% of the respondents were married, 41.46% of the respondents were
Unmarried and 14.56% of the respondents were separated. (Fig:6)

It is shown that 28.16% of the respondents were from urban area, 30.58% of the respondents
were from rural area and 41.26% of the respondents were from semi urban areas. (Fig:7)

It is revealed that 22.23% of the respondents chose shaming, 39.81% chose sexual
harassment, 20.39% chose racism and 17.48% of the respondents chose others as the most
common type of cyber bullying.(Fig:8)
It is revealed that 22.33% of the respondents chose gender identity, 19.42% chose
appearance, 22.82% chose political views and beliefs, 18.45% chose race or ethnicity and
16.99% chose others as the major factor contributing to womens being a victim of cyber
bullying.(Fig:9)

It is revealed that 35.92% of the respondents agrees whereas 64.60% disagrees to the
statement that womens who are victims of cyber bullying are legally protected.(Fig:10)

It is revealed that 17.96% of the respondents chose isolation, 11.17% chose increased stress
as anxiety, 16.50% chose decreased self esteem, 24.76% chose long term damage, 12.62%
chose increased risk of physical harming and 16.99% of the respondents chose others as the
challenge faced by womens due to cyber bullying.(Fig:11)

It is revealed that 32.04% of the respondents agree, 28.16% chose to be neutral, 22.33%
strongly disagree and 17.48% disagree regard the statement that law in effect are able to
control cyber criminals.(Fig:12)

It is revealed that 16.50% of the respondents have been a victim of cyberbullying for 1 time ,
28.16% have been victim for more than 1 time and 55.34% have never been a victim of cyber
bullying.(Fig:13)

It is revealed that 49.03% of the respondents were aware that cyberbullying can be reported
whereas 50.97% of the respondents don’t have a knowledge of it.(Fig:14)

It is revealed that majority of the respondents i.e 36.41% of the respondents rated 5 in rating
scale regarding effect of cybersecurity in India.( Fig:15)

It is revealed that the majority of the respondents where 17.48% are male, 11.65% are female
and 26.11% of the respondents prefer not to say their gender identity have never been a
victim of cyberbullying.(Fig:16)

It is revealed that 22.82% of the respondents living in urban area, 8.25% living in rural area
and 17.96% living in semi urban area were aware that cyberbullying can be reported whereas
5.34% of the respondents living in urban area, 22.33% living in rural area and 23.30% living
in semi urban area don’t have a knowledge of it.(Fig:17)

DISCUSSION:

The most common type of cyberbullying, according to 39.81% of respondents, is sexual

harassment. Victims of sexual harassment may be unaware that they are being bullied online.
Because social media, messaging apps, and other internet resources are so popular, abusers
may more easily continue to spread their harassment and target multiple victims.(Fig:8)

It is revealed that 22.82% of the respondents chose political views and beliefs as the main
reasons behind womens being the target of cyber bullying.Political opinions or points of view
may exist. Bullies frequently target people who hold opposing ideas or perspectives, and this
is especially true in cyberbullying.Bullying of this nature may be especially harmful to
women, who may already be stigmatised or underprivileged. Women may be targeted more
frequently because to their gender, colour, age, or other traits. Cyberbullying, particularly
against women, can result in mental health difficulties such as anxiety, sadness, and suicide
ideation. Besides which, political beliefs or opinions can be used to justify online harassment,
with bullies using them to torment, threaten, or abuse others.(Fig:9)

It is revealed that 64.08% of the respondents feels that womens are not legally protected from
cyberbullying.Women who have been victims of cyberbullying are not legally protected since
cyberbullying rules are still in their infancy. Most nations have not yet enacted laws
addressing cyberbullying, and even where they have, the regulations are frequently narrow in
nature. It is difficult to establish cyberbullying in many situations, and even when it is
confirmed, the consequences are not always effective to protect victims from additional
harassment. Moreover, cyberbullying sometimes includes numerous persons, making it
difficult to identify and prosecute all of the perpetrators.(Fig:10)

It is revealed that 24.76% of the respondents chose long-term damage is the most typical side
effect of cyberbullying victims because the impact of being bullied online may have a broad
range of detrimental impacts on the victims mental health and emotional well-being. This can
include despair, anxiety, low self-esteem, and even suicidal ideation. Moreover, some victims
of cyberbullying may endure bodily repercussions such as headaches, stomachaches, and
sleep difficulties. Victims may also experience academic difficulties. Many of these
long-term consequences can be difficult to overcome and have a long-term impact on the
victims life.(Fig:11)

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

A Convenient sampling method has been used in this study.

CONCLUSION:
Cyberbullying of women is a major issue that must be addressed. Women are more prone to
cyberbullying than males because they are subjected to more scrutiny online. Women may be
discriminated against because of their gender, colour, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or
other qualities. Cyberbullying may lead to significant repercussions such as sadness, anxiety,
and low self-esteem. According to this study on cyberbullying against women in India,
cyberbullying is a rising problem in India and a severe danger to the safety and well-being of
women. Because of victims lack of understanding and legal protection, cyberbullying is a
complicated subject. Cyberbullying can have severe psychological, social, and legal
ramifications. As a result it is critical to create a digitally secure atmosphere for women in
India.It is critical to take proactive measures to prevent, identify, and resolve cyberbullying
against women. Women should be given the tools they need to use social media responsibly,
while simultaneously teaching people around them about the hazards of cyberbullying. It is
also critical to encourage cyberbullying victims and to develop safe online areas for them to
speak up and seek treatment. Thus, more awareness and activism against cyberbullying
targeting women is needed to ensure that this issue is not overlooked.
REFERENCES:

1.Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin.(2008).Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of

Factors Related to Offending and Victimization.Deviant Behavior.Volume: 29.Issue: 2.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01639620701457816

2.Julian J. Dooley, Jacek Pyżalski and Donna Cross.(2009).Cyberbullying Versus

Face-to-Face Bullying.Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology.Volume: 217.Issue:
4.
https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.182

3.Carmel Privitera and Marilyn Anne Campbell.(2009).Cyberbullying: The New Face of

Workplace Bullying?.CyberPsychology and Behavior.Volume: 12.Issue:4.
https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0025

4.Annalaura Nocentini,Juan Calmaestra,Anja Schultze-Krumbholz,Herbert

Scheithauer,Rosario Ortega and Ersilia Menesini.(2010). Cyberbullying: Labels, Behaviours
and Definition in Three European Countries. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in
Schools.Volume: 20.Issue: 2.
doi:10.1375/ajgc.20.2.129

5.Joardar N. Navarro and Jana L. Jasinski.(2013).Why Girls? Using Routine Activities

Theory to Predict Cyberbullying Experiences Between Girls and Boys.Women and Criminal
Justice.Volume : 23.Issue : 4.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2013.784225

6.Chantal Faucher,Margaret Jackson and Wanda Cassidy.(2014).Cyberbullying among

University Students: Gendered Experiences, Impacts, and Perspectives.Educational Research
International.Volume:2014.Article id: 698545.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/698545

7.Wanda Cassidy,Chantal Faucher and Margaret Jackson.(2014).The Dark Side Of The Ivory
Tower: Cyberbullying Of University Faculty And Teaching Personnel.Alberta Journal of
Educational Research.Volume: 60.No:2.
https://doi.org/10.11575/ajer.v60i2.55807

8.June F. Chrisholm.(2014).Review of the Status of Cyberbullying and Cyberbullying

Prevention.Journal of Information Systems Education (JISE).Volume: 25.No:1.pages:77-87.

9.Carrie-Anne Myers Carrie and Helen Cowie.(2017).Bullying at University: The Social and
Legal Contexts of Cyberbullying Among University Students.Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology.Volume: 48.Issue: 8.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116684208

10.Ahmed Arafa and Shaimaa Senosy.(2017).Pattern and correlates of cyberbullying

victimization among Egyptian university students in Beni-Suef, Egypt.Journal of Egyptian
Public Health Association.Volume: 92.Issue: 2.
https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/EPX.2018.8948

11.Karthikeyan C.(2019).Conceptualizing Causative Factors of Workplace Cyberbullying on

Working Women.IGI Gobal.pages: 21.
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-2405-6.ch011

12.Anandi C. Ehman and Alan M. Gross.(2019).Sexual cyberbullying: Review, critique and

future directions.Aggression and Violent Behavior.Volume: 44.Pages: 80-87.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.11.001

13.Farid Samir Benavides-Vanegas.(2020).Emoticons, memes and cyberbullying: gender

equality in Colombia.Social Semiotics.Volume: 30.Issue: 3.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2020.1731169

14.M. Zaenul Muttaqin and Ninik Tri Ambarwati.(2020).Cyberbullying and Woman

Oppression.Atlantis Press.ISBN:10.2991/assehr.k.201219.083.ISSN:2352-5398
https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201219.083

15.Rebecka Cowen Forssell.(2020)Gender and organisational position: predicting

victimisation of cyberbullying behaviour in working life.The International Journal of Human
Resource Management.Volume: 31.Issue: 16.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1424018

16.Martina M. Symons, Hailey Di Carlo and Meriam Caboral-Stevens.(2021).Workplace

cyberbullying exposed: A concept analysis.Volume: 56.Issue: 1.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12505

17.Nibras Salim Khudhair.(2021).Cyberbullying – A Critical Analysis of Laws, Criminal

Responsibility and Jurisdiction.Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and
Government.Volume: 27.Issue: 3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/cibg.2021.27.03.317

18.Sabrina Ching Yuen Luk.(2022).The Human Rights-Based Approach to Combat

Cyberbullying Against Women and Girl.IGI Global.pages: 13.
10.4018/978-1-6684-5594-4.ch037

19.Rabaa M. Shaker,Tawfeeq Alghazali,Muneam Hussein Ali,Saad Ghazi Talib,Walid B.

AlRashidi,Abdulaali Habeen Hussein,Shaker Holh Sabit,Thamer Jasim
Muhammad.(2022).Cyberbullying of Household Women in Iraq: A Critical View for
Prohibition of Violence.International Journal of Cyber Criminology.Volume: 16.Issue: 1.

20..Manpreet Kaur and Munish Saini.(2022).Indian government initiatives on cyberbullying:

A case study on cyberbullying in Indian higher education institutions.Education and
Information Technologies.Volume: 28.581-615.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11168-4