SG Curriculum2nd

STUDENT STUDY GUIDE
Integrated Modular System

2nd Professional MBBS
Liaquat University
Academic Year 2023-24 of Medical & Health Sciences,
Jamshoro
1
Table of Contents
P R E F A C E .............................................................................................................................................. 4
STUDY GUIDE ........................................................................................................................................... 6
CONTIBUTIONS......................................................................................................................................... 8
ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 7
1 NEUROSCIENCE MODULE-I ............................................................................................................... 12
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Duration: ................................................................................................................................................ 12
Learning Outcomes ................................................................................................................................. 12
Themes ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Topics with specific learning objectives and teaching strategies .............................................................. 14
Blueprint of Assessment ......................................................................................................................... 24
2 HEAD AND NECK MODULE-I ............................................................................................................. 25
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 25
Duration ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Learning outcomes.................................................................................................................................. 25
Themes ................................................................................................................................................... 26
3 GIT & LIVER MODULE-I...................................................................................................................... 39
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Duration ................................................................................................................................................. 39
Themes ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Blueprint of Assessment ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 55
4 ENDOCRINOLOGY MODULE-I ........................................................................................................... 55
Duration ................................................................................................................................................. 55
Themes ................................................................................................................................................... 57
5 RENAL & EXCRETORY MODULE-I ................................................................................................... 63
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 63
Duration ................................................................................................................................................. 63
Themes ................................................................................................................................................... 64
2
6 REPRODUCTION MODULE-I .............................................................................................................. 72
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 72
Duration ................................................................................................................................................. 72
Learning outcomes.................................................................................................................................. 72
Themes ................................................................................................................................................... 73
7 ASSESSMENT........................................................................................................................................ 75
8 LEARNING RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................... 75
3
PR E FAC E
The MBBS curriculum is designed to prepare the medical student to assume the role of the principal
carer for patients. The majority of instruction in the various basic and clinical science disciplines is
focused on attaining this objective. The amount of material and specificity that the student must
acquire in order to complete the MBBS programme as a whole is substantial. Subject-based
instruction affords students the chance to develop comprehensive and profound understanding of
each respective subject. However, this instructional framework might result in the student failing to
recognize the interconnectedness of knowledge across different disciplines, their interrelation, and
most significantly, their significance in the context of patient care.
Over the years, numerous inventive approaches have been devised to tackle these obstacles. One
such approach is the integration of instruction at multiple levels, which eliminates and reduces
boundaries within subjects, both vertically and horizontally, across phases. LUMHS, while
acknowledging the merits of these methodologies, has endeavoured to seize the opportunity to
comprehend the interdependencies and minimise duplication in the subjects being instructed
through the implementation of an integrated modular approach.
The cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and respiratory system are few examples of
system-based modules in an integrated modular curriculum that connects basic scientific knowledge
to clinical problems. By means of integrated instruction, subjects are presented as a unified whole.
Students can enhance their comprehension of basic scientific principles through consistent
application of clinical examples in their learning. A skills lab provides early exposure to the
acquisition of skills, case-based discussions, and self-directed learning are all elements of an
integrated teaching programme.
LEARNING STRATEGIES
The following instructional and learning strategies are implemented to foster greater comprehension:
 Interactive Lectures
 Small group sessions
 Case-Based Learning (CBL),
 Self-Study,
 Practical,
 Skills lab sessions,
 Demonstrations
 Field visits
INTERACTIVE LECTURES
In large group, the lecturer actively involves the students by introducing the topic or common clinical
conditions and explains the underlying phenomena by questions, pictures, videos of patients’
interviews, exercises, etc. in order to enhance their learning process.
SMALL GROUP TEACHING (SGT):

This strategy is helpful for the students to make their concepts clear, and s acquiring skills or attitudes.
These sessions are organized with the help of specific tasks such as patient case, interviews or
discussion topics. Students are than encouraged to exchange their ideas and apply knowledge
gained from lectures, tutorials and self-study. The facilitator employs probing questioning,
summarization, or rephrasing techniques to enhance the understanding of concepts.
CASE- BASED LEARNING:

A format of small group discussion that centres on a sequence of questions derived from a clinical
scenario, with the aim of facilitating learning. Students engage in discussions and provide answers
by applying pertinent knowledge acquired in clinical and basic health sciences throughout the
curriculum.
4
PRACTICAL:
Basic science practical related to anatomy, biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology and physiology
are scheduled to promote student learning by application.
SKILLS LAB SESSION:

Skills relevant to respective module are observed and practiced where applicable in skills laboratory.
SELF DIRECTED LEARNING:

Students take on the responsibility of their own learning by engaging in independent study,
collaborating and talking with classmates, accessing knowledge from the Learning Resources
available, teachers, and other experts. Students can make use of the designated self-study hours
provided by the college.
DEMONSTRATIONS:
During Anatomy teaching hour students in small groups are encouraged to utilize their knowledge in
demonstrating different morphological features of various organs of the body with the help of their
facilitator and discuss with their peers. This would help in enhancing their learning as well as motivate
them in team based learning environment.
FIELD VISITS:
Students visit community health areas to understand the common diseases and their preventive
measures.
Prof. Dr. Samreen Memon

Module Coordinator
Director Academics
Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences,
Jamshoro, Pakistan
5
STUDY GUIDE
A study guide is a strategic and effective approach to
 Provide students a detailed framework of the modules organization

 Support students in organising and managing their studies throughout academic year.
 Provide students information on assessment methods and the rules and regulations that apply.
 It outlines the outcomes which are expected to be achieved at the end of each module.
 Ascertains the education strategies such as lectures, small group teachings, demonstration, tutorial
and case based learning that will be implemented to achieve the module objectives.
 Provides a list of learning resources for students in order to increase their learning.
 Emphasizes information on the contribution of attendance, end module tests, block examinations
and annual examinations on the student’s overall performance.
 Includes information on the assessment methods that will be held to determine every student’s
achievement of objectives.
6
AB B R E V IATI ONS
FOUNDATION Fnd
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT & LIVER GIL
NEUROSCIENCE NS
MUSCULOSKELETAL MSK
ENDOCRINOLOGY End
RENAL & EXCRETORY EXC
REPRODUCTIVE Rep
PATHOLOGY Path
PHARMACOLOGY Pharm
MEDICINE Med
SURGERY Surg
PAEDIATRICS Paeds
GYNAECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS Obs & Gynae
COMMUNITY MEDICINE CM
SPIRAL S
7
CONTIBUTIONS
Prof. Dr. Ikram din Ujjan

Vice-Chancellor
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Munawar Alam Ansari
Dean
Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Moin Ahmed Ansari
Dean
Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Ashok Kumar Narsani
Dean
Faculty of Surgery & Allied Sciences
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Samreen Memon
Module Coordinator
Director Academics
Chairperson, Department of Anatomy
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Dr. Hudebia Allah Buksh
Incharge, Department of Medical Education
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Dr. Nazia
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology
Bilawal Medical College for Boys
Directorate of Academics
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Dr. Faheem Ahmed Memon

Lecturer, Department of Pathology
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Prof. Dr. Rano Mal

Department of Medical Education, Bilawal Medical College for Boys
Jamshoro, Pakistan
8
Administrative Staff
Mr. Mohal Lal

Sr. Data Processing Officer
Vice-Chancellor’s Secretariat
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Mr. Syed Zohaib Ali
Assistant Network Administrator
Vice-Chancellor’s Secretariat
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Mr. Mazhar Ali
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Faculty
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
S# TEACHING FACULTY
CHAIRPERSON AND PROFESSORS
01 Prof. Dr. Samreen Memon
02 Prof. Dr. Pushpa Goswami
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
03 Dr. Muhammad Yaqoob Shahani
04 Dr. Pashmina Shaikh
05 Dr. Farhana Rajpar
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS
06 Dr. Umbreen Bano
07 Dr. Sadia Effendi
LECTURERS
08 Dr. Gul
08 Dr. Abdul Rauf Memon
09 Dr. Fahmeeda Gul Saher
10 Dr. Khalida Parveen
11 Dr. Rabia Bughio
12 Dr. Sana Shabbir
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
S# TEACHING FACULTY
CHAIRPERSON AND PROFESSOR
01 Prof: Dr. Shahida Hassan Memon
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR:
02 Dr. Mubeena Laghari
03 Dr. Ali Raza Memon
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR :
04 Dr. Beenish Ghaffar
9
SENIOR LECTURERS
05 Dr. Fozia Shaikh
LECTURERS
06 Dr. Abdul Sattar Khan
07 Dr. Ali Karim Soomro
08 Dr. Nosheen Zehra Mangi
09 Dr. Maria
10 Dr. Sofia Chandio
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
S# TEACHING FACULTY
CHAIRPERSON AND PROFESSORS
01 Prof. Dr. Khalida Shaikh
02 Prof. Dr. Salma Farrukh Memon
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
03 Dr. Rubina Ahmdani
04 Dr. Keenjhar Rani
05 Dr. Tazeen Shah
06 Dr. Arsalan Uqaili
07 Dr. Saima Naz Shaikh
08 Dr. Urooj Bhatti
09 Dr. Kavita Bai
LECTURERS
10 Dr. Fayaz Ahmed
11 Dr. Aqsa Naeem Memon
12 Dr. Moomal Tagar
13 Dr. Sarwat Batool
14 Dr. Rubina Zareen
15 Dr. Javeria Hameed
DEPARTMENT OF PATHALOGY
S# TEACHING FACULTY
VICE CHANCELLOR/ PROFESSOR
01 Prof. Dr. Ikram Din Ujjan
CHAIRMAN AND PROFESSOR
02 Prof. Dr. Abid Hussain Chang
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
03 Dr. Tanweer Ahmed Shaikh
04 Dr. Abdul Aziz Shaikh
05 Dr. Kiran Amir
06 Dr. Naila Shaikh
07 Dr. Zahida Shaikh
08 Dr. Muhammad Rahil Khan
09 Dr. Arshi Naz
10 Dr. Abdul Rehman Khalil
11 Dr. Yousra Shafquat
LECTURERS
12 Dr. Khalil Ahmed Memon
10
13 Dr. Khalid Yousuf Memon
14 Dr. Shabnum Rustamani
15 Dr. Muhammad Ali Memon
16 Dr. Faheem Memon
17 Dr. Furqan Ahmed Bhatti
18 Dr. Aamir Ramzan
19 Dr. Sadia Akbar
20 Dr. Sorath Sindhu
21 Dr. Sidra Qadir
22 Dr. Rameez Iqbal
23 Dr. Yasmeen Rasheed
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
S# TEACHING FACULTY
DEAN, FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES & PROFESSOR
01 Prof. Dr. Munawar Alam Ansari
CHAIRMAN AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
02 Dr. Jamil Laghari
03 Dr. Mashkoor Ansari
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
04 Dr. Gunesh Kumar
05 Dr. Sadat Memon
LECTURERS
06 Dr. Shamshad Memon
07 Dr. Adeela Mangrio
08 Dr. Rizwan Memon
09 Dr. Fazeela Memon
10 Dr. Naveea Bai
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE

S# TEACHING FACULTY
PROFESSOR
01 Prof: Dr. Aneela Atta Ur Rahman
02 Prof: Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Siddiqui
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
03 Dr. Shazia Rahman Shaikh
04 Dr. Gulzar Usman
05 Dr. Ambreen Aziz Sahito
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
06 Dr. Suhail Ahmed Bijarani
07 Dr. Tariq Feroze
08 Dr. Faiza Memon
LECTURER
09 Dr. Wali Muhammad Nizamani
10 Dr. Farah Deeba Shaikh
11 Dr. Zoheb Rafique
12 Dr. Sindhia Javaid Junejo
13 Dr. Rafaina Shah
14 Dr. Kanwal Naz
15 Dr. Sindhu Almas
11
1 NEUROSCIENCE MODULE-I
Introduction
Welcome to the neuroscience module. This module is necessary for your future work as doctors. This module
is designed to make your learning both interesting and productive by including activities.
This module provides basic understanding by integrating the teaching of Human Anatomy, physiology,
Biochemistry of neurotransmitters, and the basic Pharmacology and Pathology related to the disorders of the
central and peripheral nervous system and their relevant clinical applications.
By adopting this approach, we are preparing you better for your future work as doctor, where patients will
come to you with problems that are not categorized by discipline name.
In order to help you learn in an integrated manner, we have updated the learning of basic sciences around a
few key health-related situations (themes), which you are likely to encounter as second year medical students.
You will be expected to think about the themes and participate in case based learning sessions for clearing
your concepts and better learning. It will also help you focus your attention on what you need to achieve from
the lectures, practical and tutorials that have been scheduled during this module.
Rationale
Diseases of the nervous system are common all over the world. Timely diagnosis and management of acute
CNS problems like cerebrovascular accidents and infections prevents morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis
and prompt treatment of degenerative and demyelinating diseases like Parkinson’s disease and multiple
sclerosis is important to reduce the occurrence of disability burden on community. Understanding the
structure and function of nervous system and its relationship with pathophysiology of diseases is essential
for diagnosis and management.
Duration:
06 Weeks
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module students will be able to:
 Describe the anatomy of brain and spinal cord and the general organization of nervous system.
 Analyze the physiology of nervous system and Biochemistry of neuro-metabolites.
 Explain the mechanism of ischemia, hypoxia, infarction and intracranial hemorrhage.
 Elaborate the approach to a neurologic patient with its screening
Knowledge
At the end of this module, the students will be able to:
 Recognize the structure and function of major division and components of central, peripheral and
autonomic nervous system
 Recognize the structure and function of major division and components of central, peripheral and
autonomic nervous system, with the role of hypothalamus
 Interpret the various clinical presentations of spinal cord disorders correlating with its organization,
structure and function.
 Localize the common brain stem and cranial nerves lesions by recognizing the structure of
brainstem and the associated cranial nerves.
12
 Differentiate between pyramidal and extrapyramidal syndromes and upper and lower motor
neuron lesions with the knowledge of structure and types of fiber bundles traversing the brain and
their functions.
 Differentiate between the functions of dominant and non-dominant cerebral hemispheres and
between various parts of each hemisphere by identifying the surfaces, lobes, sulci & gyri of
cerebral hemisphere.
 Correlate the clinical presentation of Parkinson’s disease with the topographic anatomy and
function of basal nuclei
 Appreciate the changes in emotions, behavior and personality by recalling the structure and
functions of limbic system.
 Interpret the effects of increased intracranial pressure with the structure of cranio-spinal meninges,
ventricular system, and mechanism of formation, flow, drainage and chemistry of C.S.F in normal
and in disease.
 Relate the different syndromes of ischemia in brain and ischemic myelopathy with the pattern of
arterial supply of brain and spinal cord, together with knowledge of blood brain barrier.
 Recognize the effects of venous stasis and obstruction by applying the knowledge of venous
drainage and dural venous sinuses
 Identify various congenital malformations of brain and spinal cord by knowing the embryological
basis of neurulation and transformation of neural tube into CNS and the anomalies in the process
 Deduce the neuro-anatomic basis of ataxia and incoordination by applying the knowledge of
cerebellar cortex, nuclei and peduncles.
Clinical/ Practical Skills

 Identification of nervous tissues under the microscope with points of Identification. (Students
are required to draw and label microscopic sections of nervous components in histology
journal. The journal will be assessed during end-module examination).
 Perform clinical examination of the nervous system.
Attitude
 Follow the basic laboratory protocols.
 Participate in class and practical work professionally.
 Communicate effectively in a team with pears, staff and teachers.
 Demonstrate professionalism and ethical values in dealing with patients, peers, staff and teachers.
 Demonstrate the ability to reflect on the performance.
Themes
Theme 1: Spinal cord trauma, anterior horn cell disorders, neuropathies & myopathies
Theme 2: Disorders of brain stem
Theme 3: Cerebral cortex diseases (upper motor neuron lesions, tumors, trauma, dementia,
Epilepsy)
Theme 4: Gait abnormalities (Cerebellar diseases, Basal nuclei disorders).
Theme 5: Cerebrospinal fluid/ ventricular system and hydrocephalus
Theme 6: Cerebrovascular disorders, Intracranial hemorrhage, stroke
These themes will be covered in different topics which will be taught in Lectures, demonstrations,
Practicals, small group discussions, CBLs and skill lab.
13
TOPICS WITH SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND TEACHING
STRATEGIES
Theme 1: Spinal Cord Trauma, Anterior Horn Cell Disorders,

Neuropathies & Myopathies
TEACHING
S# LEARNING OBJECTIVES TOPIC ASSESSMENT
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe organization and
components of Nervous System.
 Describe the parts of Brain and
Spinal cord.
 Describe the components of
NS-S1-Ana-G-1
Peripheral Nervous System.
1 Introduction to Nervous
 Describe the cranial and spinal System
nerves.
 Describe the components of
Autonomic Nervous System.
 Associated clinical correlates
and Imaging techniques.
Describe external morphology of NS-S1-Ana-G -2
2 spinal cord. Spinal cord I
Describe Internal structure of spinal NS-S1-Ana-G-3 Interactive
3 cord (Gray Matter) SBQs & OSVE
Spinal cord II Lecture
Describe Internal structure of spinal NS-S1-Ana-G-4
4 cord (White Matter) Spinal cord III
 Describe the development of
NS-S1-Ana-E-1
neural tube, and neural crest
5 Development of neural
cells and their derivatives.
tube
 Clinical correlates
Describe the development of spinal NS-S1-Ana-E-2
6 cord Development of spinal
Clinical correlates cord
 Describe the nervous tissue
NS-S1-Ana-H-1
 Define neuron, its structure and
Microscopic anatomy
7 function & types of neurons of nervous tissue
Define neuroglia, their types and
functions
 Describe the nervous tissue NS-S1-Ana-H-2
 Define neuron, its structure and Histology of the
8 function & types of neurons Nervous tissue
Define neuroglia, their types and (Types of Neuron and
Practical OSPE & OSVE
functions neuroglia )
Able to identify the NS-S1-Ana-H-3
9 microstructure of spinal cord. Histology of the Spinal
Cord
Physiology
 Definition & Organization of the
nervous system
NS-S1-Phy-1
 Know about Physiological Interactive
10 Nervous system – SBQs & OSVE
division of nervous system Lecture
overview
 Determine Levels of nervous
system
14
 Discuss electrical properties of
neuron
 Discuss generation of action
potential, conduction across the
neuronal membrane and
transmission of nerve signals
 List functions of neuroglial cells NS-S1-Phy-2
11
 Discuss synthesis and Neurons and Neuroglia
physiology of cerebro spinal
fluid (CSF)
 Define Myelin sheath
 Define Salutatory conduction
 Regeneration of nerve
fiberBlood brain barrier
 Define Synapse, types and
properties of synapse
 Determine Structure of NS-S1-Phy-3
12 synapses Synapses and neural
 Discuss transmission of integration
electrical signals between
neurons
 Describe briefly the
physiological anatomy
NS-S1-Phy-4
13  Of spinal cord
Spinal cord
 Meninges, parts & functions of
spinal cord
 To perform superficial & deep
reflexes and its significance in
different neurological disorders.
 To perform Corneal reflexes NS-S1-Phy-5
14 Superficial reflexes
 To perform Abdominal reflexes
and deep reflexes Practical OSPE & OSVE
 To perform Plantar reflexes
 To perform superficial deep
reflexes and its significance
To examine body temperature and NS-S1-Phy-6
15 to related abnormalities Body temperature
Clinical Lecture
Discuss the clinical correlates and NS-S1-NeurS-1
injuries of spinal cord Injuries/trauma and
16 clinical conditions
associated with spinal
cord
Interactive
Discuss the clinical presentations of NS-S1-NeurM-1 SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
17 anterior horn cell disorders Anterior horn cell
disorders
Discuss the clinical presentations of NS-S1-NeurM-2
18 Neuropathies/mysthenia Gravis Neuropathies/
mysthenia Gravis
15
Theme 2: Disorders of Brain Stem
TEACHING
S# LEARNING OBJECTIVES TOPIC ASSESSMENT
STRATEGY
Anatomy
NS-S1-Ana-E-3
brain vesicles.
19 Development of brain
 Discuss development of brain stem
stem
Describe External structure of
brain stem at different level NS-S1-Ana-G-5
20
(Medulla Oblongata, pons, Brain stem I
midbrain)
Describe External structure of
brain stem at different level NS-S1-Ana-G-6
21
(Medulla Oblongata, pons, Brain stem III
midbrain)
Describe internal structure of brain
NS-S1-Ana-G-7
22 stem at different levels. (Medulla
Brain stem III
Oblongata, pons, midbrain)
Describe internal structure of brain
NS-S1-Ana-G-8
23 stem at different levels. (Medulla Interactive
Brain stem IV SBQs & OSVE
Oblongata, pons, midbrain) Lecture
 Define the organization,
connections and distribution of
NS-S1-Ana-G-9
24 the cranial nerves from cranial
Cranial nerves I
nerve-III to VI
connections and distribution of
NS-S1-Ana-G-10
25 the cranial nerves from cranial
Cranial nerves II
nerve-VII-XII
 Describe the organization and
division of the autonomic
NS-S1-Ana-G-11
nervous system.
26 The Autonomic
 Define preganglionic and post nervous system
ganglionic sympathetic and
parasympathetic fibers
Physiology
 Define Plan of sensory system
 Describe general
characteristics of Receptors
 Classify receptors according
to location and modalities of
sensation. NS-S1-Phy-7
 Define receptor potential and Spinal Interactive
27 transduction Sensory/Somatic SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Define Touch & its receptors system and
 Define Pressure & its Receptors
receptors
 Define Vibration & its
receptors
 Define Tickle & itch, its
receptors
16
 List different typesofsensory
pathway
 Discuss dorsal column medial
laminiscal system, its location, NS-S1-Phy-8
receptors, tracts and Sensory pathway
28 sensorymodalities. (Anteriolateral
 Discuss Antero-lateral system pathway& DCMLP)
(spino- thalamic), its location,
receptors, tracts and sensory
modalities.
 Lesions of sensory pathways
 Describe Unconscious NS-S1-Phy-9
29 sensation & their pathways Spinocerebellar
pathways
 Define Pain Types, qualities
and receptors and which
Pathways are involved
 Discuss dual pathways for
NS-S1-Phy-10
30 transmission of pain signals
Pain pathways
into CNS
 What is Referred pain,
differentiate btw somatic &
Visceral pain
 Define Analgesic system of
brain & its physiological role
 Define Methods of analgesia NS-S1-Phy-11
31
 Define Hyperalgesia Analgesic pathway
 List pain suppression and
Interactive
brain opoid system. SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Brainstem Motor Function NS-S1-Phy-12
32 Mid brain, pons &
Medulla
 To explain the physiology of
slow wave sleep & rapid eye
movement (REM)sleep.
 To explain the basic theories of NS-S1-Phy-13
33
sleep Sleep & its disorders
 Describe the names & origin of
brain waves. Describe
epilepsy & clinical correlates
 Define following terms & their
physiological importance:
 Preganglionic
&Postganglionic
 Sympathetic &
Parasympathetic
 Define Dual innervations of
viscera NS-S1-Phy-14
34  AdExc-S1 medulla Autonomic nervous
 Define Sympathetic discharge system
 Differentiate btw Receptors,
Neurotransmitters & drugs
17
Pharmacology
 Describe stages of general
anesthesia and the anesthetic
agents used
 Define the mode of action of
NS-S1-Pharm-1
different general anesthetics
35 Drugs Of General &
 Classify local anesthetic drugs
Local Anesthesia
 Define the mode of action of
different local anesthetics
 Recognize complications
related to different agents.
Interactive
 Define sedative and hypnotics SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Classify the drugs
NS-S1-Pharm-2
36  Discuss their mechanism of Sedatives and
action
hypnotics
 Enlist the therapeutic uses of
the drugs
 Classify the drugs
 Discuss the mechanism of NS-S1-Pharm-3
37 action Opioid agonist and
 Enlist the therapeutic uses of antagonist
the drugs
Clinical Lecture
 Discuss the clinical correlates NS-S1-NeurS-2
and injuries of spinal cord clinical conditions
38
associated with brain
stem Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Discuss the clinical NS-S1-NeurM-3 Lecture
39 presentations of anterior horn clinical conditions
cell disorders associated with brain
stem
Theme 3: Cerebral Cortex Diseases (Upper Motor Neuron

Lesions, Tumors, Trauma, Dementia, Epilepsy)
TEACHING
S. # LEARNINGOBJECTIVES TOPIC ASSESSMENT
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe the structure of
NS-S1-Ana-G-12
Diencephalon
Diencephalon I
 Describe divisions of
40 (boundaries of
Diencephalon (thalamus, Diencephalon &
hypothalamus, subthalamus,
thalamus)
epithalamus) Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Describe the morphological Lecture
features and nuclei of
NS-S1-Ana-G-13
thalamus
41 Diencephalon II
 Explain the connections of (thalamus)
thalamus and its relations
18
 Describe the hypothalamus
NS-S1-Ana-G-14
 Identify the location,
42 Hypothalamus and
components & connections of
limbic system
limbic system.
 Explain the dominance &
NS-S1-Ana-G-15
non-dominance correlation
43 Cerebral cortex I (gray
with structure & functions of
matter)
cerebral cortex
 Describe functional areas of
NS-S1-Ana-G-16
cerebral cortex Discuss
44 Cerebellar cortex I
lesions of functional areas of
(gray matter)
cerebral cortex
 Describe different types of NS-S1-Ana-G-17
fibers in cerebral hemisphere; Cerebral cortex III
association, projection & (white matter;
45 commissural fibers. association, projection Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Explain parts of corpus & commissural fibers, Lecture
callosum and fornix. corpus callosum and
 Clinical correlates. fornix)
 Name the parts and tracts of NS-S1-Ana-G-18
internal capsule. Cerebral cortex IV
46
 Clinical correlates. (white matter; internal
capsule)
connections and distribution NS-S1-Ana-G-19
47 of the cranial nerves from
Cranial nerves I
cranial nerve-I & II
 Describe the development of NS-S1-Ana-E-4
forebrain, diencephalon Development of
48
forebrain &
Diencephalon
 Explain and identify the
different types of cells of NS-S1-Ana-H-4
49 cerebral cortex Histology of cerebral Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Describe and identify the cortex
layers of cerebral cortex
Physiology
 Explain Functions of Specific
Cortical Areas (Motor & NS-S1-Phy-15
50 sensory areas) Areas of cerebral
 Discuss Cortical Control of cortex
Motor Function
 Define Superficial & deep
reflexes & their control by NS-S1-Phy-16
51 Upper & lower motor neurons Spinal cord reflexes,
Interactive
 Difference between Upper & reflex arc, reflex action SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
lower motor neurons lesion
 Define Pyramidal tracts
features & its pathway,
NS-S1-Phy-17
 Define Extra pyramidal tracts
Descending pathways-
52 features & its Pathway
(Pyramidal & extra
 Define brown-sequard
pyramidal tracts
syndrome &its
pathophysiology.
19
 Define memory
 Give various types of memory
& their importance
 Describe neural mechanism
involved in memory NS-S1-Phy-18
53  Give disorders of memory Memory &
(Alzheimer’s disease) Speech and its
 Define speech disorders
 Name motor and sensory
cortical areas of speech &
their function
 Describe speech disorders
To perform cerebellar function
NS-S1-Phy-19
54 tests and to identify associated
Cerebral function tests
disorders. Practical OSPE & OSVE
To examine brain waves with the NS-S1-Phy-20
55
help of power lab. EEG
Pharmacology
 Define epilepsy and seizures
 Tell the difference between
epilepsy and seizures
 Discuss the etiology of
epilepsy
 Elaborate the types of
epilepsy NS-S1-Pharm-4
56
 Classification of anti-epileptic Anti-Epileptic Drugs
drugs
 Discuss the side effects of
anti-epileptic drugs
 Identify the Possible
mechanism of action of anti-
epileptics
 List three different classes of
antipsychotic drugs
 Describe the main Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
pharmacological effects they Lecture
produce NS-S1-Pharm-5
57
 Describe the common Anti-Psychotic Drugs
adverse effects and specific
neurological conditions
caused by antipsychotic
drugs
 Classification of anti-
depressants
 Discuss the signs and
symptoms of depression
 Enlist the differential NS-S1-Pharm-6
58
diagnosis Anti-Depressants
 Discuss the possible Causes
of this disorder
 Describe the management
options and treatment
20
Theme 4: Gait Abnormalities (Cerebellar Diseases, Basal Nuclei
Disorders)
TEACHING
S. # LEARNING OBJECTIVES TOPIC ASSESSMENT
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe the detailed
Anatomy of cerebellum
 Explain the anatomical &
physiological divisions of NS-S1-Ana-G-20
59 cerebellum Cerebellum I
 Discuss characteristic
features of cerebellar cortex;
gray matter, white matter
&deep cerebellar nuclei.
 Explain connections of
cerebellar cortex and deep NS-S1-Ana-G-21 Interactive Interactive
60
cerebellar nuclei. Cerebellum II Lecture Lecture
 Clinical correlates.
 Identify the location and
components of basal nuclei.
NS-S1-Ana-G-22
 Explain the connections of
61 Basal nuclei and their
basal nuclei.
connections
 Describe clinical aspects
related to basal nuclei.
Describe the development of NS-S1-Ana-E-5
62 hindbrain/cerebellum Development of hind
brain/ cerebellum
 Describe and identify the NS-S1-Ana-H-5
layers of cerebellar cortex
63 Histology of cerebellar Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Describe and identify the
cortex
cells of cerebellar cortex
Physiology
 Give the special features of
cerebellum
 Name its physiological
divisions & their function
NS-S1-Phy-21
64  Explain the internal neuronal Cerebellum & its lesion
circuit of cerebellum and its
functioning
 Describe the features of Interactive
cerebellar lesions SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Name the basal ganglia
 List the functions of basal
ganglia Describe the NS-S1-Phy-22
functions of caudate & Basal nuclei and its'
65
putamen circuits
diseases
 Describe the lesions of basal
ganglia (Parkinson’s
disease)
21
Theme 5: CSF & Hydrocephalus
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Identify the ventricles of
NS-S1-Ana-G-23
brain along with their
66 Ventricular system, lateral
location; Lateral, and 3RD
and third ventricle
ventricle
 Discuss the location and NS-S1-Ana-G-24 Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
67 structure of 4th ventricle 4th ventricle and choroid Lecture
and choroid plexus plexus
 Explain the formation,
NS-S1-Ana-G-25
68 circulation and drainage
Cerebrospinal fluid
of CSF
Physiology
 To explain the structure of
the Ventricles of brain NS-S1-Phy-23
 To Describe how the brain
Formation, circulation & Interactive
69 and spinal cord are SBQs & OSVE
functions of CSF& Lecture
protected and nourished
(CSF) abnormalities
 Obstruction of flow of CSF
Pathology
 Enlist the causes of
meningitis.
Interactive
70  Discuss the CSF NS-S1-Path-1 SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
findings of different Meningitis& CSF Findings
types of meningitis
Clinical Lecture
Discuss clinical
presentation & NS-S1-NeuS-3 Interactive
71 SBQs & OSVE
management of Hydrocephalus Lecture
Hydrocephalus
Theme 6: Cerebrovascular Disorders

TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
Describe the arterial supply and NS-S1-Ana-G-26
venous drainage of cerebral Blood supply of spinal
72
hemispheres cord, brain stem and
cerebellum
 Describe the branches of
NS-S1-Ana-G-27 Interactive
internal carotid artery SBQs & OSVE
73 Internal carotid artery & Lecture
 Formation of circle of villous Circle of villous
and its distribution
Describe the arterial supply and NS-S1-Ana-G-28
74 venous drainage of cerebral Blood supply of
hemispheres cerebral hemispheres
22
Explain how the Blood brain
NS-S1-Ana-G-29
75 barrier is formed and what is its
Blood brain barrier
clinical significance
Clinical Lecture
Discuss Surgical aspect of NS-S1-NeuS-4
cerebrovascular disease Surgical aspect of
76
cerebrovascular
disease Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
Discuss clinical aspect of NS-S1-NeuM-4 Lecture
77 cerebrovascular disease clinical aspect of
cerebrovascular
disease
23
Blueprint of Assessment
Purpose of Assessment: Summative Assessment First Professional MBBS
Curriculum: Integrated Modular Curriculum
Module: Neuroscience 1
S. Subject Week-1 Week-2 Week-3 Week-4 Week-5 Week-6 Total Weightage Weightag Total
No % e after Number
Rounding of
Question
s (100)
01 Gross 05 05 05 05 04 05 29 38.14 38 38
Anatomy
Embryo 01 01 01 01 01 -- 05 6.5 07 07
Histo 01 01 01 01 01 01 06 7.89 08 08
02 Physiology 05 05 05 05 03 00 23 30.26 30 30
03 Biochemistry 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
04 Pharmacolog 01 01 01 01 01 01 06 7.89 08 08
y
05 Pathology 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 1.31 01 01
06 Parallel 02 02 02 02 01 06 7.89 08 08
subjects (CM,
IT, BS, Res,
BME)
TOTAL ------- ------- ------- 76 100% 100
Subject in Module Proportion Weightage Test Instrument/tool/method Explanation

of subjects
in module
What to assess? How to assess?
MCQs (SBQs) OSVE OSPE/OSCE Any Proportion of test
Level 1 & 2 stations Level 3 Other instruments to be
Level 1 used:
&2 Theory
Gross Anatomy 38 38 MCQs (SBQs)=
100 %;
Embryology 07 07 Practical
Histology 08 08 OSVE=80%
OSPE/OSCE= 20%
Physiology 30 30
Competency level
Biochemistry 00 00 & Learning
Pathology 08 08 Domain at Miller’s
Pyramid:
Pharmacology 01 01 Cognition:
Know (Level-1)&
Parallel subjects 08 08 How to know
(CM, IT, BS, Res,
(Level-2)
BME)
Skills & Attitude:
Show (Level-3) &
Does (Level-4)
100% 100 80% 20%
24
2 HEAD AND NECK MODULE-I
Introduction
 Head & neck module includes anatomical structures of head & neck as well as physiological aspect of
structures like Eyes (Vision), Ear (Hearing & body balance), nose (olfaction), & mouth (taste) i.e.
physiology of special senses.
 Although head & neck is not a separate system but its study as a system is essential as it contains
important organs like eyes, ears, nose, mouth, larynx etc. These are all in proximity to one another and
often diseases afflicting one of these also affect other organs by contiguity. Injuries to the region of head,
face & neck are associated with high mortality & morbidity.
 The head and neck module (HNM) for 2nd year MBBS aims to integrate both basic and clinical sciences.
In basic sciences, students will be able to explain developmental, gross and microscopic anatomy of the
head, neck, eyes, and ears along with relevant neurophysiology, pathology and Biochemistry. Integration
with relevant clinical sciences disciplines will help students apply their knowledge from a meaningful
clinical perspective.
 This module provides the basic understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the components of head
and neck
Rationale
Head & neck contains very important structures like eyes, nose, ears, oral cavity, larynx and pharynx. A
student should be well aware of anatomy of these structures as well their function. The diseases of these
structures are very common like tonsillitis, rhinitis, sore throat, red eye etc. With knowledge of basic science
and relevant clinical knowledge obtained through clinical lectures and case based scenarios, a student would
be able to help patients in their community with these common diseases. Thus they can benefit their society
and be a responsible member of community.
Duration
06 weeks
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module student should be able to:
 Describe in detail the anatomy of structures of head and neck

 Describe the development of branchial arches
 Elaborate the histopathology of neoplastic lesions involving head and neck
 Describe the and microscopic structural and functional anatomy of the EYE
 Explain the physical principles of optics
 Describe the errors of refraction & their correction
 Explain mechanism of Photo-transduction, Excitation and Receptor Potential of the Rods
 Explain the photochemistry of color vision by cones and the color blindness
 Describe the physiology of visual pathway, areas VISUAL CORTEX and Lesion at the different
levels of visual pathway
 Explain the muscular control of eye movement,
25
 Describe the primary sensation of taste, the mechanism of taste perception and its transmission
into central nervous system
 Discuss the primary sensation of smell, excitation of olfactory cells & its transmission into central
nervous system.
Attitude
 Participate in class and practical work professionally.
 Communicate effectively in a team with pears, staff and teachers.
 Demonstrate professionalism and ethical values in dealing with patients, peers, staff and
teachers.
 Demonstrate the ability to reflect on the performance.
Themes
To achieve these overall aims, this module comprises of seven weeks with a separate theme for each
week for enhancing your learning around key areas in the region of Head & Neck and special senses
diseases.
Theme 1: Fractures of the Skull & Scalp injuries

Theme 2: Facial injuries and the bell’s palsy
Theme 3: Disorders of the salivary glands and neck lesions
Theme 4: Waldeyer’s ring, Tonsillitis and oral cancers
Theme 5: Visual field defects, Glaucoma, Role of Vitamin A
Theme 6: Deafness, vertigo, otitis media
Practicals, small group discussions, CBLs and skill lab
26
STRATEGIES
Theme 1: Fractures of the Skull &Scalp Injuries

TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Explain the overview of neck
regions
HN-S1-Ana-G-1
1  Explain the overview of head
Overview of the head
surface, muscles, and neck regions
innervations, blood supply &
venous drainage
Interactive
 Define axial skeleton SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Describe bones of skull and
cranium HN-S1-Ana-G-2
2  Explain overview of Skull Osteology of the Skull
Geography & Sutures and the vault
 Differentiate the various
views of the skull
 Define norma frontalis
 Explain the different regions
of it
HN-S1-Ana-G-3
3  Enumerate the muscle Skull: Norma frontalis
attachment
 Describe Boundaries and
features of its structure.
 Enlist various bones in
norma lateralis
HN-S1-Ana-G-4
 Describe the Cranial and
4 Norma lateralis and
facial subdivisions
occipitalis
 Define External acoustic
meatus
 Describe bones forming the
base of skull
 Explain the details of Demonstration
SBQs,
anterior, middle and HN-S1-Ana-G-5 OSPE & OSVE
posterior part of base of skull Norma Basalis Anterior
5
 Identify different foramina , middle and posterior
and structures passing parts
through them at the base
 Explain the attachments and
relations of base of skull
 Describe bones forming the
cranial cavity
 Explain the details of
anterior, middle and
HN-S1-Ana-G-6
6 posterior fossae of the
Cranial cavity
cranial cavity
 Identify different foramina
and structures passing
through them.
27
 Describe the meninges of HN-S1-Ana-G-7
the brain and spinal cord. The meninges of brain
7  Discuss the venous sinuses. and spinal cord & the
 Discuss the related clinicals. venous sinuses
 Explain the extent of scalp
 Describe five layers of scalp
HN-S1-Ana-G-8
8  Identify the nerves and
Scalp (layers, Nerves
vessels of scalp &Vessels)
 Enumerate the clinical
correlates
 Describe development of
pharyngeal Apparatus
Interactive
 List the Parts of pharyngeal SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
apparatus.
NS-S1-Ana-E-1
9 Pharyngeal Apparatus.
pharyngeal arches.
Pharyngeal Arches
 Enlist the derivatives of
pharyngeal arches.
 Describe the related
congenital anomalies.
pharyngeal pouches & clefts.
NS-S1-Ana-E-2
10  Enlist the derivatives of
Pharyngeal pouches &
pharyngeal pouches & clefts.
clefts.
 Describe the related
congenital anomalies.
Physiology
 To perform the movements
of eye ball and muscles
controlling these movements HN-S1-Phy-1
 Accommodation reflex & Examination of
11 Practical OSPE & OSVE
pupillary light reflex their oculomotor, Trochlear
pathway and Abducent nerve
 Diplopia, squint, Nystagmus,
strabismus.
Theme 2: Facial Injuries &the Bell’s Palsy

TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe the boundaries and
contents of temporal fossa.
 Describe the type, formation,
neurovascular supply and HN-S1-Ana-G-9
movements of Temporal Region &
Interactive
12 Temporomandibular joint. Temporo- mandibular SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Clinically correlate disorders Joint and muscles of
of the Temporo- mandibular mastication
joint.
 Describe the muscles of
mastication.
28
 Describe boundaries and
contents of Pterygopalatine& HN-S1-Ana-G-10
13 Infratemporal fossae. Pterygopalatine &
 Describe the muscles of Infratemporal fossae.
mastication.
 Describe Parts of mandible
 Explain general and special
features of each part.
 Describe Blood and nerve HN-S1-Ana-G-11
14 supply of mandible Mandible & Hyoidbone.
 Interpret applied anatomy of
mandible.
 Explain general and special
features of Hyoid bone. SBQs,
Demonstration
 Describe the boundaries of OSPE & OSVE
face
HN-S1-Ana-G-12
 Enumerate the muscles and
15 Muscles of the facial
innervations of face
expression
 Describe the disorders and
applied of face
 Describe the cutaneous HN-S1-Ana-G-13
16 supply of the head and neck Cutaneous supply of
regions. the head & neck region
 Describe arterial supply of
head and neck HN-S1-Ana-G-14
17  Major venous drainage to Arteries & Veins of the
sinuses, Head & Neck.
 Head and neck major veins.
 Describe the Developmental
stages of Face Interactive
 Explain the congenital SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
Anomalies of face
HN-S1-Ana-E-
18  Describe the development of 3Development of face
the nasal cavity
and nose
the paranasal sinuses.
 Explain the congenital
Anomalies of face
Physiology
 To examine muscle of facial
expression
 To define and classify Bell’s
HN-S1-Phy-P-2
facial palsy
19 Examination of facial Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Correlate between 5th and
and trigeminal nerve.
6th nerve
 Interpret the problems of
trigeminal nerve injury
29
Theme 3: Disorders of the Salivary Glands &Neck Lesions
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Explain the parotid region.
 Describe the anatomy parotid
gland. HN-S1-Ana-G-15
20
 Define what otic ganglion is. Parotid region
 Interpret Applied anatomy of
parotid gland
 Explain the submandibular
region.
 List the Suprahyoid muscles.
HN-S1-Ana-G-16
 Describe the submandibular
21 Submandibular
gland.
region
 Describe the sublingual gland.
 Define what is submandibular
ganglion
 Describe the deep cervical fascia
 Explain the four parts of deep
cervical fascia and the structures
HN-S1-Ana-G-17
it encloses:
22 Deep Cervical
 the investing layer, pretrachial fascia & platysma Demonstration
SBQs,
fascia, prevertebral fascia &the OSPE & OSVE
carotid sheath.
 Define platysma muscle.
 Discuss the boundaries and
divisions of the anterior triangle of
neck
HN-S1-Ana-G-18
 List the subdivision of anterior
23 Anterior triangle of
triangle of neck.
neck
 Describe the boundaries and
contents of sub divisions of
anterior triangle.
 Describe the division and
boundaries of posterior triangle of
neck
HN-S1-Ana-G-19
 List the contents of posterior
24 Posterior triangle
triangle of neck
of neck
 Discuss the clinical conditions
associated with posterior triangle
of neck
 Discuss the formation and
branches of cervical plexus HN-S1-Ana-G-20
Interactive
25  Discuss the origin, course, cervical plexus SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
branches and functions of cranial & cranial nerve XI.
nerve XI.
 Name the Salivary glands and
their location.
 Describe histology of parotid
HN-S1-Ana-H-1
gland
26 Salivary Glands Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Describe histology of
submandibular gland
 Describe histology of
sublingual gland.
30
Pathology
 To describe the etiology, HN-S1-Path-1
pathogenesis and major Inflammatory and
Interactive
27 subtypes of Inflammatory, non- non- neoplastic SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
neoplastic lesions of salivary lesions of salivary
glands glands
Physiology
 To perform and interpret the
function of nerves
 The gag reflex.
 To observe shrugging of
HN-S1-Phy-3
shoulders with and without
Examination of
resistance
28 Glossopharyngeal Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Check movements of tongue in all Vagus , Accessory
directions
and Hypoglossal
 Test the sensation of taste nerves.
 To assess the deviation of the
tongue when extended toward
the weak side
Theme 4: Waldeyer’s Ring, Tonsillitis & Oral Cancers

TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe the anatomy of
external nose.
 Define the boundaries of
nasal cavity.
HN-S1-Ana-G-21
29  Describe the lateral wall of
External nose &
nose. Identify & Describe
nasal cavity
Arterial &Venous supply of
nose and nasal cavity.
SBQs,
 Describe Nerve supply of Demonstration
OSPE & OSVE
nose and nasal cavity
 Define & list names of
paranasal sinuses
 Describe functions of HN-S1-Ana-G-22
30 paranasal sinuses. Para-nasal sinuses
 Identify Radiographic
Protocols for sinuses
 Explain diseases of sinuses.
 Define the boundaries of oral
cavity
 (The roof, lateral walls and
floor of oral cavity).
 Describe the hard & soft HN-S1-Ana-G-23
Interactive
31 palate. Oral cavity SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Describe the vasculature hard and soft palate
and innervation of the oral
cavity & palate.
 Define the muscles of the
soft palate.
31
 Describe what is tongue and
Papilla.
 Enumerate the Extrinsic and
HN-S1-Ana-G-24
32 Intrinsic muscles of the
The tongue
tongue
 Define the sensory & motor
Interactive
nerve supply of the tongue. SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Explain the structure,
functions of various parts of
pharynx & their blood supply HN-S1-Ana-G-25
33
& innervation. Pharynx
 Interpret related applied
anatomy.
 Explain the structure, HN-S1-Ana-G-26
34 cartilages and functions of
Larynx-1
the various parts of larynx.
 Describe the muscles, blood SBQs,
Demonstration
supply & innervation of the OSPE & OSVE
HN-S1-Ana-G-27
35 larynx.
Larynx-2
anatomy.
 Identify the microscopic
features of the nose and
paranasal sinuses. NS-S1-Ana-H-2
36  Discuss the respiratory Histology of the
epithelium. Nasal cavity
 Explain the Olfactory
epithelium. Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Describe the different parts
of oral cavity.
NS-S1-Ana-H-3
 Explain the histology of
37 Histology of oral
cheek and lip.
cavity
 Describe microscopic
features of tongue.
Physiology
 Primary tastes & taste
receptors
 Taste transduction, Taste
HN-S1-Phy-4
pathway Interactive
38 Chemical senses SBQs & OSVE
 Olfactory mucosa, Smell taste & smell
Lecture
pathway
 Role of smell in memory &
sex
To examine and interpret the HN-S1-Phy-5
sense of taste and smell in a Examination of s
subject taste & smell
sensations
ENT
40  Discuss clinical significance HN-S1-Ent-1

of tonsils Tonsillitis
Interactive
 Correlate causes with Lecture
SBQs & OSVE
HN-S1-Ent-2
41 clinical presentation of
Epistaxis
epistaxis
32
Theme 5: Visual Field Defects, Glaucoma, Role of Vitamin A
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe the boundaries of
the orbit
HN-S1-Ana-G-28
 Define the openings of the
42 The Orbit (boundaries
orbital cavity and their
& openings)
contents
 Define the orbital fascia
 Explain the Extrinsic
muscles and their
HN-S1-Ana-G-29
innervations
Contents of the
 Explain the structures
43 orbital cavity
supplied by nerves of orbital
(Extraocular muscles,
cavity.
nerves & vessels ) SBQs,
 Describe the blood vessels Demonstration
OSPE & OSVE
of orbit.
 Describe the palpebral
fissure
 Explain the different layers of
the eyelid and its muscles.
HN-S1-Ana-G-30
 Enumerate the blood supply
Eyelids & lacrimal
44 and innervations of eyelids.
Apparatus & Ciliary
 Illustrate lacrimal apparatus Ganglion
ciliary ganglion and their
disorders.
anatomy.
 Enlist the coats of Eyeball.
 Describe the Cornea & HN-S1-Ana-G-31
Sclera Structure of the eye
45
 Describe the Choroid, Ciliary Eyeball-1
body & Iris (Coats)
 Describe the Retina
 Describe the Aqueous
humor, Vitreous body & lens HN-S1-Ana-G-32
46  Interpret related applied Eyeball-2
anatomy. (Contents) Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Describe the steps of
development of human eye.
 Explain the derivatives of
different embryonic primitive
HN-S1-Ana-E-4
47 eye layers.
Development of Eye
various layers of eye
individually, along with optic
nerve.
 Describe the histology of HN-S1-Ana-H-4
Eyelids, Conjunctiva & Histology of Eyelids,
Lacrimal Apparatus. Conjunctiva, Lacrimal
48 Apparatus Practical OSPE & OSVE
33
Physiology
 Describe the physiological
anatomy of eye, Its layers, Its
chambers & Its systems
HN-S1-Phy-6
 Describe the Lens and its
49 Physiological Anatomy
attachment
Aqueous humor
 Describe the Formation,
composition, circulation &
functions of aqueous humor
 Describe the physical
principles of optics
 Describe accommodation
reflex & its control HN-S1-Phy-7
50
 Describe the refracting Optics of vision
surfaces of eye
 Describe the errors of
refraction&their correction
 Describe the functional
anatomy of retina
 Describe the special
features of photoreceptors
i.e. rods & Cones
 Describe the neuronal HN-S1-Phy-8
51
circuits within retina Retina
 Discuss Importance of
Pigmented Layer of the
Retina (albinos)
Interactive
 Describe Blind spot & Fovea SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
& their importance
 Describe the basic
mechanism of photo-
transduction
 Describe the structure of
rhodopsin and its bleaching
HN-S1-Phy-9
52 by light
Photo-transduction
 Describe the role of Bipolar
and ganglion cells in photo-
transduction
 Describe the steps involved
in photo-transduction
 Name the three primary
color
 Describe Young - Helmholtz
- theory of color vision.
Describe color vision
pathway HN-S1-Phy-10
 Describe color blindness and Color vision
53
tests to detect it Duplicity of vision &
 Describe the mechanism of adaptation
dark adaptation
 Describe the mechanism of
light adaptation
 Describe night blindness &
its cause
 Describe visual pathway & HN-S1-Phy-11
Interactive
54 its order neurons Visual pathway & its SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
lesions
34
 Describe the lesions of Lacrimal apparatus
visual pathway
 Describe functions of
superior colliculi and lateral
geniculate body. Describe
visual cortex
 Describe structure & function
of lacrimal gland
 To demonstrate visual acuity
of eye using Snelling eye
chart in a subject provided
 To interpret the visual acuity
recording
 To examine the color vision HN-S1-Phy-12
55 of a subject using ishiara eye examination of the Practical OSPE & OSVE
chart. Optic nerve
 To perform the technique of
plotting visual field.
 Read and interpret a given
perimeter chart.
 Examine pupillary reflexes
Biochemistry
 Sources, RDA, Active forms, HN-S1-Bio-1
56
Absorption, Functions Vitamin A (I)
Interactive
 Deficiency states & Lecture
SBQs & OSVE
HN-S1-Bio-2
57 Hypervitaminosis.
Vitamin A (II)
 Visual Cycle
Ophthalmology
 Define & Describe Refractive HD-Oph-1
58 Errors, Emmetropia, Errors of refraction,
Hypermetropia, Astigmatism presbyopia and their
correction
 Describe Distribution of
cranial nerves Explain
HD-Oph-2
Functional classification of
Cranial nerve palsy
59 cranial nerves, their
affecting the eye and
pathways
pupillary disorder
 Explain Clinical features Interactive
related to the disorders SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Blockage of drainage
(Glaucoma) HD-Oph-3
60  Discuss the Anatomy of Glaucoma & its
angle, production and treatment
drainage of Aqueous
 Define cataract
HN-S1-Oph-4
 Describe the types of
61 Cataract & its
cataract treatment
 Discuss its management
Pharmacology
 Describe principles of
pharmacological treatment.
HN-S1-Pharm–1
 Describe the adverse effects Interactive
62 Pharmacological SBQs & OSVE
of drug used Lecture
treatment of glaucoma
action of drug used
35
To observe effect of Atropine on HN-S1- Pharm-2
63
frogs eye Effects of Atropine
To observe effect of Pilocarpine HN-S1- Pharm-3
64
on frogs eye Effects of Pilocarpine
Theme 6: Deafness, Vertigo, Ottitis Media

TEACHING
S. # LEARNINGOBJECTIVES TOPIC Assessment
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe Parts of ear.
 Explain gross features of HN-S1-Ana-G-33
65 middle ear. External Ear &
 Describe the applied anatomy Middle Ear
SBQs,
of middle ear. Demonstration
OSPE & OSVE
 Explain Organ of hearing and
HN-S1-Ana-G-34
balance.
66 Inner Ear (cochlea &
 Interpret applied anatomy of
semicircular canals)
inner ear.
 Explain development of inner
ear.
 Describe development of NS-S1-Ana-E-5 Interactive
67 SBQs & OSVE
middle ear. Development of Ear Lecture
 Elaborate development of
external ear
 Describe the histology of the HN-S1-Ana-H-5
68 different parts of the Ear Practical OSPE & OSVE
Histology of the Ear
Physiology
 Define sound and describe its
characteristics
 Describe tympanic
membrane as resonator
HN-S1-Phy-13
69  Name ossicles of middle ear
External & middle ear
and their lever system
 Define impendence matching
& describe attenuation reflex
 Define Masking
 Physiologic anatomy of
cochlea & organ of Corti
 Describe passage of sound
waves to inner ear HN-S1-Phy-14 Interactive
70 SBQs & OSVE
 Describe Sound transduction Inner ear Lecture
 Describe Pitch & loudness
discrimination
 Describe Auditory pathway
 Head movements
 Functional anatomy of
vestibular apparatus
 To determine the role of HN-S1-Phy-15
71 utricle & saccule in static Vestibular
equilibrium. Apparatus
 To determine the role of
semicircular Ducts in Angular
Acceleration.
36
 To perform and examine the
Rinne’s & weber’s test by
using a tuning fork HN-S1-Phy-16
72  Identify conductive and Examination of the
sensorineural deafness Vestibulocochlear
based on the result and nerve
interpretation of tuning fork
tests.
ENT
 Describe the causes of
deafness
73  Describe the types of HN-S1-Ent-3
deafness Deafness
 Discuss the management of Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
deafness Lecture
 Define vertigo HN-S1-Ent-4
74  Describe the pathophysiology Vertigo & Meniere’s
of Meniere ‘s disease disease
37
Module: Head & Neck Module
No % e after Number
Rounding of
Question
s (100)
01 Gross 06 06 06 06 05 05 34 44.14 45 45
Anatomy
Embryo 01 01 01 01 01 -- 05 6.49 05 05
Histo 01 01 01 01 00 01 06 7.79 08 08
02 Physiology 04 04 03 02 02 01 16 20.77 21 21
03 Biochemistry 00 00 02 00 00 02 2.59 03 03
04 Pharmacolog 01 01 01 00 00 00 03 3.89 04 04
y
05 Pathology 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 1.29 01 01
06 Parallel 02 02 02 02 01 10 12.98 13 13
subjects (CM,
IT, BS, Res,
BME,
clinical)
TOTAL ------- ------- ------- 77 100% 100

of subjects
in module
Level 1 used:
&2 Theory
100 %;
OSPE/OSCE= 20%
Physiology 21 21
Competency level
Pyramid:
Know (Level-1)&
Parallel subjects 13 13
How to know
(CM, IT, BS, Res,
(Level-2)
BME)
Skills & Attitude:
Show (Level-3) &
Does (Level-4)
100% 100 80% 20%
38
3 GIT & LIVER MODULE-I
Introduction
This module is designed to provide the students solid knowledge of one of the most essential systems of the
human body, GIT and biliary system and help students develop necessary skills to build their ability to apply
information to solve health related problems of general public.
This module aims to provide students opportunities to understand the basis of how to integrate their
knowledge of gross anatomy, histology and embryology related to GIT and liver with physiology, Biochemistry,
pathology and pharmacology of GI system to diagnose and treat a disease.
The students will learn basic structure, physiological and Biochemical aspects of Liver and viscera of GIT
and will study different types of secretions of GIT and their role in processes of absorption and digestion.
They will also learn basic knowledge of pathophysiology of common diseases of gastrointestinal tract and
liver occurring in our country.
Real life scenarios have been added in the module which will be discussed in small groups to help students
to develop them clinical approach to understand and solve the clinical problem by correlating their basic
knowledge of anatomy, physiology, Biochemistry and pathology with findings of a clinical case.
Rationale
Diseases of the GIT are common all over our country. It is essential to make early diagnosis and treat the
disease in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Basic knowledge of the structure and function of GIT is must to achieve the goal.
This module provides an integrative understanding and detailed and clinically relevant information of anatomy,
physiology, the Biochemistry along with pharmacology and pathology related to the digestive and biliary
system.
Duration
8 weeks
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the module, the students will be able to relate understanding of the development and
structure with the functions and Biochemical processes related to the gastrointestinal tract & Liver.
Knowledge
By the end of the module, the students should be able to:
 Describe the development of foregut, mid gut and hind gut.

 Discuss the anomalies of the gut.
 Describe gross and microscopic anatomy of various parts of GIT.
 Describe gross and microscopic features of liver and biliary system.
 Explain the physiology of GIT.
 Describe Biochemistry of digestive juices
 Describe Biochemistry of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
 Understand and explain the mechanism of the metabolism of the liver
 Explain pathological findings identified in GIT pathology
 Enlist pathologies involving gastrointestinal tract.
 Identify role of pharmaceutical agents used for diseases involving GIT like vomiting and diarrhea.
 Interpret radiological investigations in relation to GIT.
39
Attitude
The students must show positive attitude to:
 Develop good manners and should be honest to their studies

 Work hard and be regular and punctual in the class
 Participate in class and practical work efficiently
 Develop communication skills with sense of responsibility
 Demonstrate the effective attitude towards the teachers and colleagues
 Maintain ethical values in dealing with patients.
Demonstrate a professional attitude, team building spirit and good communication skills
This module comprises of 08 weeks to achieve the target with the learning of the following themes
related to basic discipline.
Themes
Theme 1: The anterior abdominal wall and the Hernias
Theme 2: Upper Gastrointestinal tract disorders
Theme 3: Hepatic and Portal system disorders
Theme 4: Lower Gastrointestinal tract disorders
Theme 5: Vascular disorders

STRATEGIES
Theme 1: The Anterior Abdominal Wall & the Hernias
TEACHING
STRATEGY
GASRO-INTESTINAL TRACT-LIVER MODULE
Anatomy
 Describe divisions &
components of GIT
 Describe the planes and
GIL-S1-Ana-G1
nine abdominal regions.
An Overview of GIT & Interactive
1  Identify four quadrants of SBQs & OSVE
Surface anatomy of Lecture
abdomen. Abdomen
 Describe the arrangement of
viscera in nine abdominal
regions.
 Discuss the attachment of GIL-S1-Ana-G2
SBQs,
2 the fasciae and muscles of Anterior abdominal Demonstration
OSPE & OSVE
antero-lateral abdominal wall wall-1
40
in relation to its clinical
importance.
 Explain formation of rectus
sheath with its contents
 Describe nerve supply,
blood supply and lymphatic
drainage of antero-lateral
abdominal wall
 Identify and palpate the bony
GIL-S1-Ana-G3
landmarks of the abdomen
Anterior abdominal
3 like anterior superior iliac
wall-2
spine, pubic tubercle.
 Identify surface marking of
inguinal ligament, mid
inguinal point, McBurney’s
point and lateral border of
rectus abdominis.
 Describe the inguinal canal
under following heads:
i. Location and Dimension
GIL-S1-Ana-G4
4 ii. Walls of inguinal canal
Inguinal canal
iii. Inguinal rings
iv. Functions and mechanics
of the inguinal canal.
 Explain coverings and
contents of spermatic cord
 Contents of inguinal canal in
male & female
GIL-S1-Ana-G5
5  Define hernia and describe
Spermaticcord
direct & indirect inguinal
hernia
 Differentiate between
inguinal and femoral hernia
 Explain the development of
the inguinal canal and briefly GIL-S1-Ana-G6
give the overview of the Development of
6 Scrotum, testis and inguinal canal and
epididymides. Overview of the male
 Briefly define the labia and female genitalia
majora. Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Define peritoneum and Lecture
peritoneal cavity.
GIL-S1-Ana-G7
 Discuss intraperitoneal and
Peritoneum-1: General
7 retroperitoneal relationships.
arrangement
 Explain peritoneal ligaments.
 Define omenta and
mesentries.
 Discuss in detail the
peritoneal pouches,
recesses, spaces and
GIL-S1-Ana-G8
gutters.
The peritoneum-2:
 Describe the boundaries of SBQs,
8 Pouches, Recesses, Demonstration
greater and lesser sac OSPE & OSVE
Spaces & Gutters
 Define the nerve supply of
the peritoneum.
 Discuss the functions of the
peritoneum.
41
 Discuss the clinical
conditions related with
peritoneum.
 Explain the process of GIL-S1-Ana-E1
Interactive
9 development of GIT and Overview of the GIT SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
divisions of primitive gut. development
 Discuss general plan of
histology of the wall of
alimentary canal
GIL-S1-Ana-H1
 Identify histological features
General plan of GIT
of different layers of GIT.
histology
10  Give an overview of different Histology of
parts of esophagus
Esophagus
features of thoracic and
abdominal parts of
esophagus.
Physiology
 Mention primary/basic
functions of GIT
 Describe physiological
GIT-S1-Phy-1
11 anatomy of gastrointestinal
Overview of GIT
wall
physiology
 Describe electrical activity of
gastrointestinal smooth
muscle
 Describe enteric nervous
system and its two main
Interactive
plexuses SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Mention the role of enteric
nervous system in control of
GIT function GIT-S1-Phy-2
12  Mention the role of Neural control of GIT
autonomic nervous system function
in control of GIT function
 Define three types of
gastrointestinal reflexes that
are essential to
gastrointestinal control
Biochemistry
 Composition, functions and
GIT-S1-Bio-1
13 regulation of saliva and
saliva and gastric juice
gastric juice
 Composition, functions and GIT-S1-Bio-2
regulation of pancreatic, bile pancreatic juice, bile
14
and intestinal juice juice and intestinal
juice
 Sites and enzymes involved Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
in digestion, classification GIT-S1-Bio-3 Lecture
and functions of glucose digestion and
15
transporters, factors absorption of
affecting rate of absorption, carbohydrates
lactose intolerance
 Describe the process and GIT-S1-Bio-4
16 enzymes involved in Digestion &
digestion and absorption of Absorption of proteins
42
proteins. Explain hartnup
and maple serup disease.
 Describe the process of GIT-S1-Bio-5
17 digestion and absorption. Digestion &
Explain steatorrhea Absorption of lipids
and fatty acids
 Interpretate the normal GIT-S1-Bio-6
levels of HCL Interpretation of HCL
Pathology
 Define atresia, fistulae,
duplications diaphragmatic
hernia, omphalocele, GIL-S1-Path-1
Interactive
19 gastroschisis ectopia, Congenital SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
meckel diverticulum,pyloric Abnormalities of GIT
stenosis and hirschsprung
disease
Theme 2: Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders
TEACHING
S. # LEARNING OBJECTIVES TOPIC Assessment
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Explain gross features of
esophagus in relation to its
location and dimensions.
 Mention its important
relations especially in
GIL-S1-Ana-G9
posterior mediastinum.
20 Esophagus
 Describe its blood supply,
nerve supply & lymphatic
drainage.
 Discuss its different areas of
compression and their clinical
importance
 Mention different parts of
stomach.
 Describe gross anatomical
features of stomach including SBQs,
Demonstration
interior of stomach. OSPE & OSVE
 Give blood, nerve supply and
lymphatic drainage. GIL-S1-Ana-G10
21
 Identify the structures forming Stomach
stomach bed.
 Explain peritoneal covering of
the stomach and mention
different peritoneal folds
related to this organ along
with contents.
 Mention different parts of
small intestine.
GIL-S1-Ana-G11
Describe different parts of
22 Small intestine
duodenum along with
(duodenum)
relations of each part.
Mention the vessels and
43
nerves supplying the
duodenum.
 Explain basic anatomy of
jejunum and ileum.
 Distinguish between jejunum
GIL-S1-Ana-G12
23 and ileum regarding their
Small intestine
anatomical features.
(jejunum and ileum)
 Explain the terms
mesentry,duodenal flexure
and Meckel’s diverticulum.
 Explain the process of
development of GIT and
divisions of primitive gut.
 List the derivatives of foregut.
 Describe the development of:
i. Esophagus
ii. Stomach GIL-S1-Ana-E2
Interactive
24 iii. Lesser & greater sac Foregut SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Discuss the following
congenital anomalies:
i. Esophageal
atresia/stenosis
ii. Congenital hypertrophic
pyloric stenosis
iii. Duodenal atresia/ stenosis
 Explain the development of
the duodenum.
GIL-S1-Ana-E3
Development of the Interactive
25 liver, biliary apparatus and SBQs & OSVE
Duodenum, Liver and Lecture
gall bladder.
gall bladder
 Discus extrahepatic biliary
atresia
 Identify various layers of the
wall of stomach
 Describe histology of gastric
mucosa including different
GIL-S1-Ana-H2
26 glands and cell types in
Histology of stomach
different regions of stomach.
 Identify different cells of
mucosa under microscope
and mention their functions.
 Identify the parts of small
Practical
intestine OSPE & OSVE
 Identify microscopically
different layers of small
intestine
GIL-S1-Ana-H3
 Identify modifications of the
27 Histology of Small
luminal surface
intestine
 Describe the glands and cells
present in the small intestine
 Discuss special microscopic
features of duodenum,
jejunum and ileum
Physiology
 Mention major salivary GIT-S1-Phy-3
glands Saliva; its Interactive
28 SBQs & OSVE
composition, function Lecture
and regulation
44
 Describe the composition and
function of saliva
 Describe the role of saliva in
oral hygiene
 Explain regulation/control of
salivary secretion
 Define mastication/chewing
and mention its importance
 Define swallowing/deglutition GIT-S1-Phy-4
Interactive
29 and name its stages Describe Mastication and SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
mechanism ofeach Stage Deglutition
 Mention function of lower
esophageal sphincter
 Describe physiological
anatomy of gastric glands
 Describe composition og
GIT-S1-Phy-5
gastric juice
Gastric juice; its
30  Mention functions of composition, function
important constituents of
and regulation
gastric juice
 Describe regulation/control of
gastric juice secretion
 Describe the mechanism of Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
HCl secretion by parietal cells GIT-S1-Phy-6 Lecture
of oxyntic/gastric glands Mechanism of gastric
31  Mention function of gastric acid (NCI) secretion
NCl and its control
 Describe regulation of gastric
acid secretion
 Describe the motor functions
GIT-S1-Phy-7
of stomach
32 Motor functions of
 Explain how the gastric
stomach
emptying is regulated
 Define the indications,
contraindications and the GIT-S1-Phy-8
complications of the Nasogastric Tube-1
nasogastric tube
Clinical Lecture
 Discuss Clinical correlates of GIT-S1-Surg-1
34
upper GIT (surgical aspects) Upper GI disorders Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Discuss Clinical correlates of GIT-S1-Med-1 Lecture
35
upper GIT (surgical aspects) Upper GI disorders
Theme 3: Hepatic & Portal System Disorders
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Identify location of liver
 Describe the surfaces and
different peritoneal relations GIL- S1-Ana-G13 SBQs,
36 Demonstration
 Discuss formation of Liver OSPE & OSVE
anatomical and functional
(physiological) lobes of liver.
45
 Identify porta hepatis and its
contents.
 Mention blood vessels
especially describing blood
circulation through the liver
 Discuss lymphatic drainage
and nerve supply of this organ.
 Explain the hepatic portal
circulation
 Discuss basic anatomy of portal GIL- S1-Ana-G14
vein. Hepatic portal
37
 Mention its tributaries system
 Discuss the sites of porto-
systemic anastomosis with
clinical importance.
 Describe location and parts of
gall bladder
 Mention its important relations
GIL- S1-Ana-G15
38  Name blood and lymph vessels Gall bladder
including nerves supplying this
organ.
 Describe clinical correlates of
biliary system.
 List different components of
intra & extra-hepatic biliary
system
 Describe formation and GIL- S1-Ana-G16
termination of common bile Duct system of liver
39
duct. (hepatic biliary
 Mention its important relations system)
 Name blood vessels supplying
different parts of bile duct
including lymphatic drainage.
 Discuss location and gross
features of pancreas
 Mention its peritoneal relations GIL- S1-Ana-G17
40  Describe the arterial supply, Pancreas
venous drainage and nerve
supply of pancreas
 Discuss the clinical correlates
 Explain location, surfaces and
borders of spleen.
 Mention its important relations
with surrounding organs GIL- S1-Ana-G18
41  Discuss peritoneal folds Spleen
connecting spleen with other
organs
 Mention the vessels and nerves
supplying spleen
pancreas
 Describe the following GIL- S1-Ana-E4
anomalies of pancreas: Development of the Interactive
42 SBQs & OSVE
i. Annular pancreas Pancreas Lecture
ii. Accessory pancreatic
tissue
46
 List the derivatives of midgut
mid gut under following
headings.
i. Physiological herniation
ii. Rotation of the mid gut
iii. Retraction of herniated
loops GIL- S1-Ana-E5
43
iv. Fixation of intestines Midgut
 Discuss the following
congenital anomalies involving
midgut:
i. Body wall defects
ii. Vitelline duct abnormalities
iii. Gut rotation defects
iv. Gut atresias and stenoses
 Explain general hepatic
structure.
 Discuss the concept of three GIL- S1-Ana-H 4
44
hepatic lobules. Histology of liver
 Describe the histology of
classical hepatic lobule.
 Describe the different
GIL- S1-Ana-H5
components of biliary tract
45 Histology of Gall
 Describe the microscopic bladder
structure of gall bladder Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Identify microscopically
exocrine and endocrine
pancreas
 Discuss the histological GIL- S1-Ana-H6
46 features of secretory and duct Histology of
part of exocrine pancreas Pancreas
 Identify and explain endocrine
pancreas and its different cell
types.
Physiology
 Mention physiological anatomy
of exocrine part of pancreas
 Describe composition of
pancreatic juice
GIT-S1-Phy-9
 Mention functions of pancreatic
Pancreatic juice; its
juice
47 composition,
 Mention importance of trypsin function and
inhibitor regulation
 Describe basic stimuli that
cause pancreatic secretion
Interactive
 Mention phases of pancreatic Lecture
SBQs & OSVE
secretion
 Describe the main functions of
liver
 Describe composition of bile
GIT-S1-Phy-10
juice
Functions of liver
48  Mention difference between and composition of
hepatic bile and gallbladder bile bile
47
 List the functions of bile
 Mention the role of bile
acids/salts in fat digestion and
GIT- S1-Phy-11
absorption
Function and
 Describe enterohepatic
49 regulation of bile
circulation of bile salts
secretion
 Describe regulation of bile
secretion
 Describe mechanism of
gallbladder emptying
 Demonstrate the procedure of
GIL- S1-Phy-12
50 how to pass the nasogastric Practical OSPE & OSVE
Nasogastric Tube-II
tube
Biochemistry
 Definition/ Site/ Substrate
required for gluconeogenesis
 Pathway of Gluconeogenesis GIL- S1-Bio-7
51  Regulatory Enzymes / Steps of Gluconeogenesis
gluconeogenesis & cori’s cycle
 Stimulator & Inhibitor Factors of
Gluconeogenesis Pathway
 Definition / Site
 Types or Phases of HMP Shunt
 Name of regulatory Enzyme
 Biochemical importance of GIL- S1-Bio-8
52 HMP Shunt HMP Shunt
 Role of NADPH compound in
Human Life
 Regulatory Steps of HMP
Shunt & Their regulatory factors
 Definition / Site / Substrates
 Pathway of Glycogenesis &
GIL- S1-Bio-9
glycogenolysis
53 Glycogenesis
 Regulatory Steps/ Enzymes Glycogenolysis
 Biomedical Importance of Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
Glycogenesis & glycogenolysis Lecture
 Regulatory Enzymes of GIL- S1-Bio-10
Glycogen metabolism Regulation of
54  Glycogen Storage Diseases glycogen
metabolism &
glycogen storage
diseases
 Site/ Substrates
 Pathways
 Regulatory Steps/ Regulatory GIL- S1-Bio-11
55 Factors Fructose & Sorbitol
 Biomedical Importance Metabolism
 Clinical Importance of Fructose
& Sorbitol Pathway
 Define Amino Acids Pool
 Describe Protein turn over
 Describe Protein Degradation GIL- S1-Bio-12
56  Define Nitrogen Balance Amino Acids Pool &
 Describe Positive & Negative nitrogen balance
Nitrogen Balance
48
 Describe Transamination & its
Biomedical importance
 Describe Deamination & Its
GIL- S1-Bio-13
Biomedical importance
57 Amino Acids
 Describe Transmethylation Reactions
&Biomedical importance
 Describe Deacrboxylation & its
Biomedical Importance
 Definition/ Site/ Substrate/
Products
 Pathways Mitochondrial/
Cytosol Steps
 Regulatory Enzymes GIL- S1-Bio-14
58
 Regulatory Factors of Urea Urea Cycle
Cycle
 Relation of Urea Cycle with
TCA Cycle
 Disorders of urea Cycle
 Definition
 Types
 Clinical Manifestation & their
Biochemical causes of clinical
features GIL- S1-Bio-15
59  Names of Enzymes involve in Ammonia
Ammonia Intoxication Intoxication
 Definition of Ureamia
 Normal Level of Blood Urea &
Ammonia
 Causes of Hyperureamia
 Metabolic Pathway of
Phenylalanine, Tyrosine,
Tryptophan GIL- S1-Bio-16
Metabolism of
60  Describe Phenylketonurea
Aromatic Amino
 Describe tyrosinemia & Types
Acids
 Describe Albinism
 Describe Alkaptonurea
 Describe Metabolic Pathway of GIL- S1-Bio-17
Methonine/ Cysteine & Cystine Metabolism of
61
 Describe their metabolic Sulphur containing
disorder Amino Acids
 Types of Oxidation of F.A
 Definition of Alpha/ beta/
Omega Oxidation
 Explain the Metabolic Pathway GIL- S1-Bio-18
62 of Beta Oxidation Oxidation of Fatty
 Biomedical importance of Beta Acids
Oxidation
 ATP molecules formation in
Beta oxidation
 Definition / Site / Substrates/
Products & Metabolic Pathway
of Ketogenesis
63 GIL- S1-Bio-19
 Regulatory Steps or Enzymes
Ketonegensis &
of Ketogenesis
ketolysis
 Definition of Ketonemia/
Ketonurea/ Ketosis
 Diabetic ketoacidosis
49
 Definition / Sites / Substrates
 Describe the metabolic
Pathway of ketolysis
 Regulatory Enzymes &
Regulatory Factors
 Role of thiophorase enzyme
 Clinical Importance of ketolysis
 Enlist the components of L.F.T
 Explain the functions of
different components of L.F.T
GIL- S1-Bio-20
 Estimation of serum SGOT, Liver function Test
64 SGPT.
 Role of the L.F.T in the
diagnosis/ prognosis of clinical
disorders
 Enlist the components of L.F.T
 Explain the functions of
different components of L.F.T
GIL- S1-Bio-21
65  Estimation of serum SGOT, Liver function test
SGPT.
 Role of the L.F.T in the
diagnosis/ prognosis of clinical
disorders
 To estimate normal serum urea
level. GIL- S1-Bio-22
66  Describe the conditions of estimation of serum
increased or decreased urea urea
levels.
 To estimate albumin: globulin GLI- S1-Bio-23
67 ratio from given sample Albumin: Globulin
ratio
 To estimate serum bilirubin GLI- S1-Bio-24
68 direct & indirect from given Serum bilirubin
sample direct & indirect
 To interpretate the PT & APTT GLI-S1-Bio-25
69 Interpretation of PT
& APTT
Pathology
 Explain etiology, pathogenesis,
GIL-S1-Path-2 Interactive
70 mode of transmission, clinical SBQs & OSVE
Hepatitis Lecture
diagnosis of Hepatitis.
Clinical lecture
GIL-S1-Med-2
71 presentation and management
Hepatitis
of hepatitis Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Discuss the clinical Lecture
GIL-S1-Surg-2
72 presentation and management
Hepatitis
of cholecystitis
50
Theme 4: The Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Identify different parts of large
intestine.
 Mention general
characteristics of most of
large intestine.
 Discuss basic anatomical GIL- S1-Ana-G19
differences between large Large intestine-1
73
and small intestine. Cecum and
 Explain basic anatomy of Vermiform appendix
cecum and vermiform
appendix.
 Identify different positions of
the appendix and give clinical
importance.
 Discuss gross features of
different parts of colon:
Ascending colon, Transverse GIL- S1-Ana-G20
74 colon, descending colon and Large intestine-2
mention their peritoneal Colon
covering.
 Give blood and nerve supply.
 Describe location, course and
other gross anatomical
features of rectum. SBQs,
Demonstration
 Mention important relations. OSPE & OSVE
 Explain blood supply, lymph
GIL- S1-Ana-G21
75 drainage & nerve supply.
Rectum
 Discuss clinical correlates of
rectum
 Explain the difference of
peritoneal covering in a male
and female.
 Describe the ano-rectal
junction
 Discuss the location and
basic structure of anal canal
 Describe the difference of
neurovascular supply and
lymphatic drainage between
upper and lower half of anal GIL- S1-Ana-G22
76
canal. Anal canal
 Explain the relations of the
anal canal.
 Discuss the anatomy of anal
sphincters.
correlates.
 Describe ischiorectal fossa.
 List the derivatives of hindgut. GIL- S1-Ana-E6
Interactive
77  Describe the developmental Hind gut SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
process of the following.
51
i. Partitioning of the cloaca
ii. Anal canal
 Discuss main features related
to abnormalities of hindgut
including:
i. Recto-anal atresia, and
fistula
ii. Imperforate anus
iii. Congenital megacolon
 Discuss the important gross
and histological features of
large intestinal wall.
 Identify intestinal glands and
different cell types.
 Identify and explain the GIL- S1-Ana-H7
78 lymphoid ring around the Histology of Large Practical OSPE & OSVE
vermiform appendix. intestine
 Differentiate between gross
and microscopic features of
large and small intestine.
 Describe the histology of
anorectal junction.
Physiology
 Mention physiological
anatomy of small intestine
 Describe secretion of small
intestine
 Mention function and GIT-S1-Phy-13
regulation of small intestinal Secretion and
79
secretion movements of small
 Mention enzymes present in intestine
the brush border of small
intestine
Interactive
 Describe movements of small SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
intestine
 Mention physiological
anatomy of large intestine
 Describe the secretions of GIT-S1-Phy-14
large intestine and mention Secretion and
80 their function movements of large
 Describe movements of large intestine
intestine
 Describe defecation and
defecation reflex
Pharmacology
 Classify drugs used in
gastrointestinal tract
GIL- S1-Pharm-1
disorders.
Overview of
81  Explain the mechanism of
Pharmaco therapy in
action of these drugs
GIT Disorders-I
 Enlist the side effects of these Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
drugs Lecture
 Classify drugs used in
GIL- S1-Pharm-2
gastrointestinal tract
Overview of
82 disorders.
Pharmaco therapy in
 Explain the mechanism of
GIT Disorders-II
action of these drugs
52
 Enlist the side effects of these
drugs
Clinical lecture
 Discuss clinical presentation
GIL- S1-Surg-3
83 and surgical management of
Lower GI disorders
lower GI disorders Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Discuss clinical presentation Lecture
GIL- S1-Med-3
84 and management of lower GI
Lower GI disorders
disorders
Theme 5: Vascular Disorders

TEACHING
S. # LEARNING OBJECTIVES TOPIC Assessment
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe general
characteristics of lumbar
vertebrae GIL-Ana-G28
 Explain the attachments of Posterior abdominal
85
lumber fascia. wall-I: Lumbar
 Discuss attachment of vertebrae & muscles
muscles of posterior
abdominal wall.
 Discuss lumbosacral plexus
 Explain formation of cisterna
GIL-Ana-G29
chyli and thoracic duct
86 Posterior abdominal
 Discuss nerve supply, wall-II
lymphatic drainage of
abdominal walls and viscera
 Describe the location of
abdominal aorta in respect of
SBQs,
beginning, course and Demonstration
GIL-Ana-G30 Blood OSPE & OSVE
termination mentioning
supply of the
87 important relations and
gastrointestinal tract-I
vertebral levels.
Abdominal Aorta
 Identify paired and unpaired
branches & area of their
supply.
 Describe the formation, GIL-Ana-G31 Blood
course and termination of supply of the
88 inferior vena cava gastrointestinal tract-
 List the tributaries of inferior II
vena cava Inferior vena cava
 Name the groups of lymph
nodes draining the abdomen. GIL-Ana-G32
89 Explain them. Lymphatic drainage
 Describe lymphatic trunks, of GIT
cisterna chili & thoracic duct.
Physiology
 List important hormones
secreted from the GIT
mucosa GIT-1-Phy-15 Interactive
90 SBQs & OSVE
 Describe role of these Hormones of GIT Lecture
hormones in regulation/
control of GIT function
53
Module: GIL Module
S. Subject Week- Week- Week- Week- Week-5 Week- Week- Week- Total Weighta Weighta Total
N 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 ge ge after Numbe
o % Roundin r of
g Questio
ns
(100)
01 Gross 06 06 06 06 05 05 32 33.33 34 34
Anatomy
Embryo 01 01 01 01 01 -- 06 6.25 06 06
Histo 01 01 01 01 00 01 07 7.29 07 07
02 Physiology 04 04 03 02 02 01 15 15.62 16 16
03 Biochemist 00 00 02 00 00 25 26.04 26 26
ry
04 Pharmacol 01 01 01 00 00 00 02 2.08 02 02
ogy
05 Pathology 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 1.04 01 01
06 Parallel 02 02 02 02 01 08 8.33 08 08
subjects
(CM, IT,
BS, Res,
BME,
clinical)
TOTAL ------- ------- ------- 96 100% 100

of subjects
in module
Level 1 used:
&2 Theory
100 %;
OSPE/OSCE= 20%
Physiology 16 16
Competency level
Pyramid:
Know (Level-1)&
How to know
(CM, IT, BS, Res, (Level-2)
BME)
Skills & Attitude:
Show (Level-3) &
Does (Level-4)
100% 100 80% 20%
54
4 ENDOCRINOLOGY MODULE-I
Introduction
The Endocrine system is made up of ductless glands, which secrete chemical substances (hormones) directly
into blood, relays information and maintains a constant internal environment of the body called homeostasis.
The endocrine glands where hormones are produced, stored, and released. Once released into the
bloodstream, they travel to their target organ or tissue, which has receptors that recognize and react to the
hormone. Hormones of the endocrine system coordinate and control growth, metabolism, temperature
regulation, the stress response, reproduction, and many other functions.
This module will help the students to develop knowledge and understanding the basic concepts of endocrine
hormone their structure, physiological actions & disorders relates to primary pathogenesis, and how this
knowledge help in diagnosis and treatment.
This endocrine system module will facilitate to recognize the clinical presentations of common
endocrinological and metabolic disorders and relate clinical manifestations to basic sciences.
Rationale
Endocrine disorders like Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid related diseases are very common in all parts of
Pakistan. This module provides the basis on which 2 nd year MBBS students will learn not only knowledge
application but also the ability to link normal and the abnormal in the 2nd spiral of the curriculum.
Duration
04 weeks
Learning Outcomes
 To explain the role of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis, integrating growth and
development and promoting successful reproduction.
 To study the histological features of different glands.
 To distinguish between endocrine, paracrine and autocrine messengers.
 To describe the chemical structures of hormones & their mechanism of action.
 To describe the synthesis and modes of secretion of hormones.
 To explain how the secretion of hormones is regulated, including the principles of negative and
positive feedback mechanisms.
 To explain how hormones are transported in the blood and the consequences of the reversible
binding of many hormones by plasma proteins.
 To explain the basis of hormone assays and assessment of Biological activity.
 To describe how hormones are metabolized in blood and tissues and the importance of hormone
activation and degradation.
 To discuss the clearance and excretion of hormones and their metabolic derivatives.
 To define and discuss the physiological actions of hormones
 To explain the consequences of under and overproduction of hormones.
 To describe and discuss the roles of hormone receptors in hormone action including their location,
type and signaling pathways.
 To apply endocrinologicall principles to determine the pathophysiological basis and consequences
of specific endocrine disorders.
 To understand the role of pharmacology to treat common endocrine disorders.
 Discuss the epidemiology and consequences of iodine deficiency and the salient features of iodine
control program in Pakistan
 Describe the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in terms of global perspectives in Pakistan
 Describe the levels of prevention of diabetes mellitus and its control
55
Practical/ Laboratory Work
 Microscopic features of Pituitary & Pineal gland
 Microscopic features of Thyroid & Parathyroid gland.
 Microscopic features of AdExc-S1 gland.
 Microscopic features of Endocrine Pancreas
 To detect Hormonal level by ELISA method
 Thyroid function test (TSH,T3,T4)
 Laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (HbA1C, GCT, OGTT, FBS, RBS)
 To calculate BMI (Body Mass Index)
The outcomes of the Endocrinology Module According to the PMC are as follows:
 Knowledgeable
 Skillful
 Community Heath Promoter
 Problem-solver
 Professional
 Researcher
 Leader and Role Model
Cognitive Domain
By the end of this module, 2nd year MBBS students shall be able to:
 Identify the various endocrine glands their Anatomy, Physiology &Biochemistry & pathology.
 Describe the, synthesis, structure, histological features, functions and Pathophysiology of various
hormones secreted by endocrine glands.
 Describe the regulation of hormones (Positive & Negative feedback mechanism).
 Describe the conditions associated with dysfunction of endocrine glands.
 Describe the basic mechanism of action of drugs used to treat these disorders.
Psychomotor Domain
By the end of endocrine Module, the student should be able to:
 Carry out practical work as instructed in an organized and safe manner

 Make and record observations accurately.
 Determine the serum levels of different hormones by ELIZA technique and have knowledge of
normal and abnormal value.
 Determine the different blood sugar level HbA1c and have knowledge of normal and abnormal
value.
Attitude & Behaviour

By the end of Endocrine Module, the student shall gain the ability and carry responsibility to:
 Give and receive feedback, respect for self and peers.

 Demonstrate sympathy and care to patients.
 Having respect for patients, colleagues and other health professionals
 Organize & distribute tasks
 Exchange opinion & knowledge
 Develop communication skills with sense of responsibility.
 Regularly attend the classes
 Demonstrate good laboratory practices
56
Themes
To achieve these overall aims, this module comprises of four weeks with a separate theme for each
week for enhancing your learning around key areas in endocrinology.
Theme 1: Short/Tall stature and the role of the pituitary gland

Theme 2: Neck swelling with bulging eyes & Tetany and the role of the thyroid gland
Theme 3: Increased thirst and urination (Diabetes Mellitus/ Diabetes Insipidus) and the role of
the pancreas
Theme 4: Moon face and the role of the adExc-S1 gland

STRATEGIES
Theme1: Short/Tall Stature &the Role of the Pituitary Gland
TEACHING
S. # LEANING OBJECTIVES TOPIC ASSESSMENT
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Define the endocrine system.
Endo-S1-Ana-G-1
 Classify the endocrine
Introduction of the
1 system.
anatomy of the
 What are the functions of the Endocrine system
endocrine system?
Describe the embryological Endo-S1-Ana-E-1
development & congenital Embryological Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
2 anomalies of pituitary & Pineal development of Lecture
gland. pituitary and Pineal
gland.
Describe the gross anatomy, Endo-S1-Ana-G-2
neurovascular supply & Clinical Gross Anatomy of
3
correlates of Pituitary & Pineal Pituitary and Pineal
gland gland.
Discuss the microscopic features Endo-S1-Ana-H-1
of Pituitary & Pineal gland Microscopic Anatomy
of Pituitary & Pineal
gland
Biochemistry
How Hormones are classified on Endo-S1-Bio-1
the basis of their Chemical Classification of
5 Nature Hormones on the
basis of chemical
Interactive
Nature. SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
How hormones act through Endo-S1-Bio-2
cAMP/cGMP/Tyrosine kinase Mechanism of action
6
pathway of Hormones (second
messenger system)
Physiology
 Define different types of Interactive
7 Endo-S1-Phy-1 SBQs & OSVE
chemical messengers Lecture
57
 Describe the functional Introduction to
relationships between the endocrinology
Hypothalamus -Pituitary Axis Hypothalamus-
pituitary Axis
Describe the hormones secreted
by the anterior pituitary gland and Endo-S1-Phy-2
describe their hypothalamic Classification of
8
control & regulation by positive hormones, Regulation
and negative feedback of secretion
Mechanism
Explain the structure, Endo-S1-Phy-3
mechanism of action and Physiology and
9
physiological effects of Growth regulation of
hormone. Growth hormone
Describe the functions of Pineal
Endo-S1-Phy-4
gland, how it control body’s
10 Physiological effects
circadian rhythm.
of pineal gland
Clinical lectures
Define the clinical conditions Endo-S1-Med-1
related to the pineal and the Clinical conditions Interactive
11 SBQs & OSVE
pituitary gland related with pineal and Lecture
pituitary gland.
Pathology
Describe the different types of Endo-S1-Path-1
Interactive
12 Anterior Pituitary gland Disorders of Pituitary SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
disorders. gland.
Theme 2: Neck Swelling with Bulging Eyes & Tetany and the Role of
the Thyroid Gland
TEACHING
S. # LEANING OBJECTIVES TOPIC ASSESSMENT
STRATEGY
Anatomy
development & congenital Embryological
13 anomalies of Thyroid & development of
Parathyroid gland. Thyroid & Parathyroid
Interactive
gland. SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
neurovascular supply & Clinical Gross Anatomy of
14
correlates of Thyroid & Thyroid & Parathyroid
Parathyroid gland. gland.
of Thyroid & Parathyroid gland. Microscopic Anatomy
of Thyroid &
Parathyroid gland.
Biochemistry
Describe the Biosynthesis of
Endo-S1-Bio-3
thyroid hormones from Tyrosine
16 Synthesis of thyroid
and Iodine trapping by thyroid
hormones
gland.
Interactive
What are thyroid function tests Endo-S1-Bio-4 SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
(TFTs)? Describe their Biochemical
17 Biochemical interpretation. Interpretation of
Thyroid Function
Tests (TFTs)
58
Describe the Biochemical role of
Endo-S1-Bio-5
parathyroid hormones in Calcium
18 Biochemical actions of
and phosphate metabolism in
parathyroid hormones
humans.
Estimation of thyroid hormones Endo-S1-Bio-6
19 Estimation of thyroid Practical OSPE & OSVE
hormones
Physiology
Describe formation, Secretion Endo-S1-Phy-5
20 and transport of thyroid Introduction of
hormones Thyroid hormones
Describe Physiological effects of Endo-S1-Phy-6
21 Thyroid Hormone on Growth, Physiological role of
metabolism and body systems thyroid hormones
 Explain Mechanism of
action/target organ of PTH Endo-S1-Phy-7
22  Describe Effect of Physiological role of
Parathyroid Hormone on PTH hormones Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
Calcium regulation Lecture
 Explain the function,
secretion and regulation of
Vitamin D and Calcitonin
Endo-S1-Phy-8
 Describe Effect of Describe Physiological role of
23 Effect of Parathyroid Vitamin D and
Hormone on Calcium
Calcitonin
regulation Vitamin D and
calcitonin Hormone on
Calcium regulation
Pathology
Discuss the different disorders of EndoS1-Path-2
Interactive
24 Thyroid gland Disorders of Thyroid SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
gland
Clinical Lectures
 Define the procedure of
thyroidectomy.
 What are the indications for Endo-S1-Surg-1 Interactive
25 SBQs & OSVE
thyroid surgery? Thyroidectomy Lecture
 What are the complications
related to this surgery?
Theme 3: Increased Thirst and Urination (DM/DI) and the Role of the
Pancreas
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
development & congenital Embryological
26
anomalies of Endocrine development of
Pancreas. Endocrine Pancreas
Interactive
Describe the gross anatomy, SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
neurovascular supply & Clinical Endo-S1-Ana-G-4
27 correlates of Endocrine Gross Anatomy of
Pancreas. Endocrine Pancreas
59
Biochemistry
 Biosynthesis of Insulin.
 Structure of Insulin.
 Mechanism of action of
Insulin and Glucagon. Endo-S1-Bio-7
28
 Factors affecting Insulin Insulin and glucagon
secretion.
 Metabolic functions of Insulin
and Glucagon.
How blood glucose is maintained Endo-S1-Bio-8 Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
throughout a day in humans Maintenance of blood Lecture
29 during different metabolic states sugar during
starvation and in well-
fed states
What are Ketotic & non ketotic Endo-S1-Bio-9
Complications of Diabetes Ketotic & Non ketotic
30 Mellitus and explain their Complications
Biochemical basis. associated with
Diabetes Mellitus
Estimation of serum Insulin Endo-S1-Bio-10
31 Estimation of serum Practical OSPE & OSVE
Insulin
Physiology
 Describe secretion and
physiological functions of ADH
Endo-S1-Phy-9
32  Describe SIADH (syndrome of Post pituitary
inappropriate Anti Diuretic
Hormone)
 Name the hormones of
pancreas. Explain Mechanism Endo-S1-Phy-10 Interactive
33 SBQs & OSVE
of action of insulin. Describe Endocrine Pancreas Lecture
the Control of Insulin Secretion
 Describe the effects of insulin
Endo-S1-Phy-11
34 on carbohydrates, proteins
Pancreas (Insulin)
and Fats metabolism
35  Describe regulation of Endo-S1-Phy-12
glucagon &its effects on body Pancreas (Glucagon)
Clinical Lectures
 Define diabetes mellitus.
36  Types, risk factors, causes , Endo-S1-Med-2 Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
clinical features, Diabetes Mellitus Lecture
complications of DM
Pathology
Describe the different types of Endo-S1-Path-3
Endocrine Pancreas& discuss Disorder of Endocrine Interactive
37 SBQs & OSVE
briefly the Diabetes Mellitus. Pancreas, Diabetes Lecture
Mellitus
Theme 4: Moon Face and the Role of the AdExc-S1 Gland

TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
Describe the embryological
Interactive
38 development & congenital Endo-S1-Ana-E-4 SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
anomalies of AdExc-S1 gland.
60
Embryological
development of
AdExc-S1 gland.
39 neurovascular supply & Clinical Gross anatomy of
correlates of AdExc-S1 gland. AdExc-S1 gland.
40 of AdExc-S1 gland. Microscopic Anatomy Practical OSPE & OSVE
of AdExc-S1 gland
Biochemistry
Describe the actions of Endo-S1-Bio-11
41 mineralocorticoid hormones in Biochemical actions of
water and electrolyte balance. mineralocorticoids. Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
Describe the Biochemical actions Endo-S1-Bio-12 Lecture
42 of Glucocorticoid hormones. Biochemical actions of
Glucocorticoids
Estimation of serum Cortisol Endo-S1-Bio-13
43 Estimation of serum Practical OSPE & OSVE
Cortisol
Physiology
Name the hormones of adExc-S1 Endo-S1-Phy-13
cortex, and regulation of adreno AdExc-S1 cortex
44
cortical hormone secretion. Regulation of
secretion
Describe the physiological Endo-S1-Phy-14
Interactive
45 Effects of Aldosterone Physiological effects SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
of Aldosterone
Describe Effects of Cortisol on Endo-S1-Phy-15
Carbohydrate, Proteins and Fat Physiological effects
46
Metabolism, role of Cortisol in of Glucocorticoid
Stress, Inflammation and Allergy (Cortisol)
 Describe BMI.
 Calculate BMI
 Describe factors affecting
Endo-S1-Phy-16
47 BMI Practical OSPE & OSVE
Calculation of BMI
 Classify obesity
 Describe the factors affecting
obesity
Pathology
Describe the hyper-secretory & Endo-S1-Path-4
hypo-secretory disorders of Hyper and Hypo-
Interactive
48 adExc-S1 cortex & Medulla secretion of hormones SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
from adExc-S1
medulla & cortex
Clinical Lectures
Define the clinical conditions Endo-S1-Med-3
related with the AdExc-S1 gland Clinical conditions Interactive SBQs &
49
related with AdExc- Lecture OSVE
S1 gland
61
Module: Endocrine Module
S. Subject Week-1 Week-2 Week-3 Week-4 Total Weightage Weightage Total
No % after Number of
Rounding Questions
(100)
01 Gross Anatomy 02 01 01 01 05 8.92 09 09
Embryo 01 01 01 01 04 7.14 07 07
Histo 02 02 01 01 06 10.71 11 11
02 Physiology 04 04 04 04 16 28.57 29 29
03 Biochemistry 03 04 04 02 13 23.21 23 23
04 Pharmacology 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
05 Pathology 01 00 01 01 03 5.3 05 05
06 Parallel subjects 02 02 03 02 09 16.07 16 16
(CM, IT, BS,
Res, BME,
clinical)
TOTAL ------- ------- ------- 56 100% 100

of subjects
in module
Level 1 used:
&2 Theory
100 %;
OSPE/OSCE= 20%
Physiology 29 29
Competency level
Pyramid:
Know (Level-1)&
How to know
(CM, IT, BS, Res,
(Level-2)
BME)
Skills & Attitude:
Show (Level-3) &
Does (Level-4)
100% 100 80% 20%
62
5 RENAL & EXCRETORY MODULE-I
Introduction
Welcome to the Exc-S1& excretory module. This exciting module will serve as building block and is very
essential to your future work as doctors. This module is designed to make your learning both interesting and
productive by including several activities.
Fluid balance is the most important feature of life. Every cell in our body bathed in the cellular (extracellular
and intracellular) fluid compartment, movements of ions and balance between the media is of the utmost
important for the normal functioning of human being. Functions of Kidneys and their encountering system are
beautiful and well organized. Human beings contain pair of kidneys, whose unit cell is Nephron, which
functions in a systemic manner to perform many physiological functions, it is well oriented to counter the
effect of fluid balance and maintain normal pH within physiological limits.
Rationale
Exc-S1 system and excretory system is responsible for the body to get rid of waste and toxic substances. In
this module the Exc-S1 and excretory system will be examined in detail with emphasis on how the Exc-S1
system develops and functions on a cellular level as well as the mechanisms that underlie Exc-S1 diseases
such as electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, Exc-S1 hypertension, Exc-S1 failure, polycystic kidney, nephrotic
and nephritic syndrome.
This module will enable the students of second year to recognize the clinical presentations of common Exc-
S1 diseases and relate clinical manifestations to basic sciences. It will be further revisited in the following
years.
Duration
06 weeks
Learning Outcomes
 Describe the development, structure and functions of various parts of the Exc-S1& excretory
system and its clinical importance.
KNOWLEDGE
 Describe the components of the Exc-S1& excretory system by learning and applying the relevant
basic sciences.
 Apply the above knowledge to a few common real-life situations (Nephritis, Metabolic disorders,
UTI) to explain how the anatomy, physiology and Biochemistry are altered in the given situation.
 Describe the anatomy of the different parts of the Exc-S1& excretory system in detail.
 Describe the development and anomalies of the Exc-S1& excretory system
 Define and identify the microscopic features of the Exc-S1& excretory system
 Describe the functions of the Exc-S1& excretory system
 Interpret the Biochemical changes in the body related to the Exc-S1& excretory system
 Enlist pathologies involving Exc-S1& excretory system
 Describe the management of the Exc-S1& excretory system
 Perform the Exc-S1& excretory system examination.
 Take the history of the patients and co-relate the Exc-S1& excretory system sign & symptoms to
reach the differential diagnosis.
 To counsel the people in community regarding the risk factors of the Exc-S1 diseases.
63
Themes
To achieve these overall aims, this module comprises four weeks with a separate theme for enhancing
your learning.
Theme 1: Overview structure & functions of Exc-S1 system
Theme 2: Exc-S1 circulation, GFR & its regulation
Theme 3: Tubular reabsorption & secretion
Theme 4: Electrolyte and fluid balance, Acid-base balance (Micturition & Dialysis)

STRATEGIES
Theme 1:OVERVIEW STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS OF EXC-S1 SYSTEM

TEACHING
S. # LEARNING OBJECTIVES TOPICS ASSESSMENT
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe the different parts of
excretory system.
 Describe the gross
anatomical structure & EXC-S1-Ana-G-1
Interactive
1 internal structure of kidneys Gross anatomy of the SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Differentiate the anterior and kidneys
posterior surfaces and
anatomical relations of
kidneys.
 Describe the blood supply
EXC-S1-Ana-G-2
(Exc-S1 artery, Exc-S1 vein)
Blood supply, nerve
of the kidneys. SBQs,
2 supply and lymphatic Demonstration
 Define the lymphatic OSPE & OSVE
drainage of the
drainage & innervation of the
kidneys
kidneys.
 Exc-S1 cortex and medulla,
Exc-S1 lobe Exc-S1 lobule,
medullary rays, Exc-S1
columns
 Nephron: Glomerulus,
bowman’s capsule, PCT, EXC-S1-Ana-H-1
Interactive
3 loop of Henle, DCT, Microscopic anatomy SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
collecting tubules, collecting of the kidneys
duct, clinical correlates.
 Components of
juxtaglomerular apparatus,
components of filtration
membrane
 Exc-S1 cortex and medulla,
Exc-S1 lobe Exc-S1 lobule,
EXC-S1-Ana-H-2
medullary rays, Exc-S1
4 Histology of the Practical OSPE & OSVE
columns
kidneys-1
 Nephron: Glomerulus,
bowman’s capsule, PCT,
64
loop of henle, DCT, collecting
tubules, collecting duct,
clinical correlates.
Describe the Development of
EXC-S1-Ana-E-1
intermediate mesoderm,
Development of Interactive
5 Development of kidney SBQs & OSVE
kidney Lecture
(pronephron, mesonepheron,
metanephron)
Physiology
 Describe the different
functions of the kidney and its
role in homeostasis. EXC-S1-Phy-1
 Describe the different parts of General functions of Interactive
6 SBQs & OSVE
the nephron. kidneys and excretory Lecture
 Distinguish between the 2 system
different types of nephrons.
Biochemistry
 Discus normal and abnormal
constituents of urine (Urine
analysis). EXC-S1-Bio-1
 Discuss all the reagents, Analysis of Urine
instruments required along
with the methodology.
Pathology
 Discuss the congenital and
developmental anomalies of
kidney
EXC-S1-Path-1
8  Describe autosomal Anomalies of kidney
Interactive
dominant & autosomal SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
recessive polycystic kidney
disease
Describe the pathogenesis of the EXC-S1-Neph-1
9
acute kidney injury Acute kidney injury
Theme 2: Exc-S1 Circulation, GFR & Its Regulation
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe the gross structure
EXC-S1-Ana-G-3
of ureters SBQs,
Gross anatomical
10  Define its blood supply, Demonstration
features of the ureters OSPE & OSVE
innervation & lymphatic
drainage
 Ureter: Lumen, epithelium,
histological layers, clinical
correlates.
 Urinary bladder: epithelium, EXC-S1-Ana-H-3
histological layers, clinical Microscopic anatomy Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
11 correlates. of the ureters, urinary Lecture
 Urethra: parts, epithelium, bladder and urethra
histological layers, difference
of male and female urethra,
clinical correlates.
65
Explain the development of EXC-S1-Ana-E-2
ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Development of
12 (male & female) ureter , urinary
bladder & urethra
(male & female)
Components of juxtaglomerular
EXC-S1-Ana-H-4
apparatus, components of
filtration membrane, clinical
kidneys-2
correlates.
Physiology
 Students should be able to
 Explain how glomerular
filtrate is formed.
 Describe the composition of
the glomerular filtrate.
 State the main
determinants of solute EXC-S1-Phy-2
filterability. Glomerular filtration
14
 Define glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and its
rate (GFR) and state its regulating factors
normal value.
 Discuss the major factors that Interactive
regulate the GFR (Net SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
filtration pressure,
hydrostatic, and colloid
osmotic pressures)
 Students should be able to:
 Define tubulo glomerular
feedback
EXC-S1-Phy-3
 Explain the functions of juxta
15 Autoregulation of GFR
glomerular apparatus and
and Exc-S1 blood flow
Macula densa
 Discuss myogenic
autoregulation
 Define the conditions when
to pass the urinary catheter EXC-S1-Phy-4
To pass the urinary
16  How to insert the urinary Practical OSPE & OSVE
catheter-1
catheter. (perform the
procedure)
Pathology
 Classify of glomerular
diseases EXC-S1-Path-2
Interactive
17  Discuss the clinical Introduction SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
manifestation of glomerular toglomerular diseases
diseases
Clinical Lecture
Describe pathogenesis of EXC-S1-Neph-2 Interactive
18 SBQs & OSVE
chronic kidney injury Chronic kidney injury Lecture
66
Theme 3: Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
Describe the gross structure of urinary EXC-S1-Ana-G-4
bladder and urethra, its blood supply, Gross anatomical
SBQs,
19 nerve supply features of the Demonstration
OSPE & OSVE
urinary bladder and
urethra
 Explain the congenital anomalies
related with excretory system EXC-S1-Ana-E-3
20  Differentiate between the Congenital Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
congenital abnormalities and anomalies of Lecture
pathological conditions of excretory excretory system
system.
 Histology of the Ureter and Urinary
bladder
 Ureter: Lumen, epithelium,
correlates.
 Urinary bladder: epithelium, EXC-S1-Ana-H-5
correlates.
 Urethra: parts, epithelium,
histological layers, difference of
male and female urethra clinical
correlates.
Physiology
 Describe features of the Exc-S1
tubules.
 Define the Exc-S1 processes: EXC-S1-Phy-5
tubular reabsorption & tubular Features of Exc-S1
22
secretion. tubules
 Discuss the transport mechanisms
among different segments of Exc-
S1 tubule.
 Explain the regulation of tubular EXC-S1-Phy-6
reabsorption and secretion Tubular
23  Define transport maximum (Tm), reabsorption and
Exc-S1 plasma threshold and secretion – I
splay. Interactive
 Describe the mode of reabsorption Lecture
SBQs & OSVE
EXC-S1-Phy-7
of different substances (e.g. Na+,
K+, Cl-, glucose, urea, and water). Tubular
24 reabsorption and
 Describe the mode of secretion of
secretion – II
different substances (e.g. K+, H+
and organic ions).
 To describe the nervous
mechanisms that regulates tubular
EXC-S1-Phy-8
function (Exc-S1 sympathetic
Hormonal
nerves.
25 regulation of
 To describe the hormonal tubular functions
mechanisms that regulate tubular .
function:
i. Renin-angiotensin system.
67
ii. Aldosterone.
iii. Atrial natriuretic peptides.
iv. Antidiuretic hormone.
v. Parathyroid hormone
 Define the conditions when to pass EXC-S1-Phy-9
the urinary catheter To pass the urinary
 How to insert the urinary catheter. catheter-2
(perform the procedure)
Biochemistry
 Describe the different sources of
sodium.
 Enlist different functions of sodium.
EXC-S1-Bio-2
27  Justify their role in maintaining the
Na+ Metabolism
osmolality of plasma.
 Interpret the Normal values of
sodium in serum and urine.
 Describe the different sources of Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
potassium & Chloride. Lecture
 Enlist different functions of
potassium & Chloride.
EXC-S1-Bio-3
28  Justify their role in maintaining the
K+, Cl- Metabolism
osmolality of plasma.
 Interpret the Normal values of
potassium & chloride in serum and
urine
 To estimate the serum electrolytes
level in a given serum. EXC-S1-Bio-4
29  Discuss all the reagents, Estimation of Practical OSPE & OSVE
instruments required along with the serum Electrolytes
methodology
Pharmacology
Classification, Mechanism of action,
indications, contraindications and EXC-S1-Pharm-1 Interactive
30 SBQs & OSVE
adverse effects of diuretics Diuretics Lecture
Clinical Lecture
 Describe the pathogenesis of EXC-S1-Neph-3
glomerular disorder Glomerular disease
Interactive
31  Discuss the clinical manifestation of (Nephritic and
Lecture
SBQs & OSVE
glomerular diseases nephrotic
syndrome)
Theme 4: Electrolyte and Fluid Balance, Acid-Base Balance

(Micturition & Dialysis)
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
Explain perinephric abscess,
EXC-S1-Ana-G-5
nephrotosis, Exc-S1transplantation, Interactive
32 Applied anatomy SBQs & OSVE
Exc-S1 cysts, pain in paraExc-S1 Lecture
related with kidneys
region, accessory Exc-S1 vessels
68
Urethra: parts, epithelium, histological
EXC-S1-Ana-H-6
layers, difference of male and female
urethra, clinical correlates.
Urethra
Physiology
 Describe the mechanisms behind
the establishment of an osmotic
gradient in the medullary
interstitium.
 Describe the countercurrent EXC-S1-Phy-10
34 Concentration and
multiplication system.
Dilution of urine-I
 Describe how urea contributes to
the hyperosmotic Exc-S1
medullary interstitium and to the
urine concentration.
 Describe the role of vasa recta as
countercurrent exchanger in
maintaining the hyperosmolarity of EXC-S1-Phy-11
35 the Exc-S1 medulla. Concentration and
 Describe how the kidneys produce Dilution of urine-II
dilute and concentrated urine. Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Define obligatory urine volume Lecture
 Define micturition.
 Describe process of storage ,
EXC-S1-Phy-12
elimination of urine and its control
Micturition reflex and
36 ( Autonomic nervous system)
its abnormalities
 Explain micturition reflex.
 Define atonic and autonomic
bladder
 Discuss different buffer systems in
the body (bicarbonate, phosphate,
ammonia)
 Explain the role of kidneys in acid EXC-S1-Phy-13
37
base balance Acidification of urine
 Discuss the changes in the level of
urine PH (maximum/minimum
level; 4.5-8)
 Define dialysis
 Describe mechanism of function of
artificial kidney
EXC-S1-Sk.Lab.1
38  Define dialysate, uraemia Practical OSPE & OSVE
Dialysis
 Discuss peritoneal dialysis
technique
 Complications of the dialysis
Biochemistry
 Describe the Body Buffers.
39  Describe its related disorders. EXC-S1-Bio-4
 Discuss its management Body Buffers
Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Define the Acid Base balance. EXC-S1-Bio-5 Lecture
40  Describe its related disorders. Acid Base balance,
 Discuss its management. Disorders &
management
69
 Describe glomerular function
EXC-S1-Bio-6
 Explain clearance test (inulin,
Exc-S1 Function
41 creatinine and urea)
Tests
 Discuss tubular function test
 Discuss proteinuria
Demonstrate the normal and abnormal EXC-S1-Bio-7
blood Ph, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide Interpretation of
42
and oxygen levels. ABG’s
 Describe glomerular function Practical OSPE & OSVE

EXC-S1-Bio-8
 Estimation of serum creatinine
Exc-S1 Function
43  Explain clearance test (inulin, Tests
creatinine and urea)
Discuss proteinuria
 Discuss tubular function test
Pathology
 Enlist infection related to kidney &
lower urinary tract
 Define acute and chronic
EXC-S1-Path-3
pyelonephritis Interactive
44 Infections of kidney & SBQs & OSVE
 Describe causes, of acuteand Lecture
lower urinary tract
chronic pyelonephritis
 Define acute and chronic cystitis
and mention its causes
Clinical Lectures
 Describe the sign and symptoms of
the urinary system diseases EXC-S1-Uro-1
45  What should be the differential How to approach
diagnosis to approach the urinary urological patient
Interactive
system diseases SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
Describe the basic investigations to
diagnose the urinary system diseases EXC-S1-Uro-2
46 How to investigate
urological patient
70
Module: Excretory Module 1
No % e after Number
Rounding of
Question
s (100)
01 Gross 01 01 01 01 01 01 06 13.04 13 13
Anatomy
Embryo 01 00 01 00 01 00 03 6.52 07 07
Histo 01 01 01 01 01 00 05 10.86 11 11
02 Physiology 03 02 03 02 02 02 14 30.43 30 30
03 Biochemistry 01 02 02 01 01 01 08 17.39 17 17
04 Pharmacolog 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 2.17 02 02
y
05 Pathology 00 01 00 01 00 01 03 6.52 07 07
06 Parallel 06 13.04 13 13
subjects (CM,
IT, BS, Res,
BME,
clinical)
TOTAL ------- ------- ------- 46 100% 100

of subjects
in module
Level 1 used:
&2 Theory
100 %;
OSPE/OSCE= 20%
Physiology 30 30
Competency level
Pyramid:
Know (Level-1)&
How to know
(CM, IT, BS, Res,
(Level-2)
BME)
Skills & Attitude:
Show (Level-3) &
Does (Level-4)
100% 100 80% 20%
71
6 REPRODUCTION MODULE-I
Introduction
The Reproductive module is designed to study the anatomy, physiology of the male and female reproductive
organs in detail to 2nd year MBBS students aims to integrate both basic and clinical sciences.
The pelvis is the region of the trunk that lies below the abdomen. Although the abdominal and pelvic cavities
are continuous, the two regions are described separately.
The pelvic cavity contains the lower ends of the intestinal and urinary tracts and the internal organs of
reproduction. The physician is often confronted with problems involving infections, injuries and prolapses of
the rectum, uterus and vagina. Emergency situations involving the bladder, the pregnant uterus, ectopic
pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and acute pelvic inflammation diseases are examples of problems found
in the female. The urinary bladder and the prostate in the male are the frequent sites of disease.
Without knowledge of the anatomic position of the veins in the anal canal, the physician would not have been
able to make a diagnosis. The purpose of this module is to review the significant anatomy of the reproductive
organs relative to clinical problems. This is a fact that in-depth knowledge of the anatomy, physiology of the
pelvic and perineum regions is necessary before a physician can even contemplate making an initial
examination and start treatment.
Rationale
This module provides extensive information about reproductive system. It enables the undergraduate
students to narrate the knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry Pharmacology and Pathology of
the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive system. The motive is that students can
correlate this knowledge with the clinical presentation of internal and external genital diseases in forthcoming
years in order to be able to manage general gynecological problems, pregnancy related issues in the mother
and neonates, sexually transmitted infections, infertility issues and breast disorders
Duration
6 weeks
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge, Skill, Attitude
 Describe the anatomy of female reproductive organs.
 Describe the anatomy of male reproductive organs.
 Discuss the development of reproductive organs (male and female).
 Study the related embryological disorders of male and female reproductive system
 Identify the different histological features of male and female reproductive organs
 Describe the difference in reproductive functions of male & female
 Define Puberty and describe its onset by hormones
 Define what do you mean by secondary sexual characteristics
 Explain sex determination and differentiation
 Define & describe spermatogenesis
 Describe the role of hormones in spermatogenesis
 Describe the functions of male genital ducts & glands and their contribution in formation of semen
 Describe the secretion & functions of testosterone
72
 Define capacitation
 Describe the abnormalities of testicular function
 Describe the functions of ovary
 the secondary sexual features of female
 Describe Oogenesis
 Describe the ovarian cycle with hormonal attribution
 Describe the formation & function of corpus luteum
 Describe uterine cycle with hormonal attribution
 Define the terms Amenorrhea, polymenorhea, oligomenorhea, and menoraghea
 Describe the process of fertilization
 Describe the changes in physiology of various body systems during pregnancy
 Describe the functions of placenta.
 Describe the process of fertilization
 Describe the changes in physiology of various body systems during pregnancy
 Define labor and describe the factors that initiate labor and mechanism of labor-hormonal
attributions and various stages of labor.
 Describe the development of breasts and changes at puberty Describe Lactation & its ‘Control
and the effects of lactation on menstrual cycle
 Define contraception and sterilization Describe the male and female methods of contraception.
 To explain the synthesis and regulation of reproductive hormones.
 To explain what metabolic changes occur in mother during pregnancy.
 To explain the Biochemical basis of tests used for determination of pregnancy.
 To explain the Biochemistry of contraception.
 To explain the Biochemistry of menopause.
 To explain the hormonal status of reproductive hormones after menopause and their impact on
various organ systems with special emphasis on bones.
 Understand the importance of maternal healthcare
 Identify the approaches for reducing maternal mortality
 Understand the concept of Safe motherhood initiative
 Recognize the importance of family planning and contraception.
 Understand the importance adolescent Health
Themes
Theme 1: Pelvimetry and the injuries to the pelvic floor
Theme 2: Morbidity and Mortality related with the Genital Organs Malignancies
Theme 3: Pregnancy, Parturition, Child birth and the Congenital anomalies
Theme 4: Role of the Reproductive hormones, Contraception and Menupause
73
STRATEGIES
Theme 1: Pelvimetry and the Injuries to the Pelvic Floor
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Describe the bony pelvis Rep-S1-Ana-G-1
 Differentiate the types of bony Bony Pelvis (inlet and
pelvis outlet)
01
Difference b/w male &
female pelvis SBQs,
Demonstration
Types of bony pelvis OSPE & OSVE
 Describe the structures Rep-S1-Ana-G-2
constitute the pelvic floor Pelvic walls
02
 Explain the pelvic walls Pelvic floor
Pelvic fascia
 Describe the arrangement of Rep-S1-Ana-G -3
viscera within the pelvic cavity Over view of pelvic
 Define the male and female viscera (urinary Interactive
03 external and internal genital bladder, sigmoid colon, SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
organs Rectum and Male &
female genital organs)
 Discuss the gross features of
testis and epididymis and
ductus deferens
Rep-S1-Ana-G -4
 Importance of descend of
Testis, SBQs,
04 testis Demonstration
epididymis ,Ductus OSPE & OSVE
 Correlate the arterial supply, deferens
venous drainage and
lymphatic drainage of testis.
 Discuss the clinical correlates
 Describe the anatomy of Rep-S1-Ana-G -5
prostate, Seminal vesicles Prostate, Seminal
05
and ejaculatory ducts vesicles, Ejaculatory
 Discuss the clinical correlates ducts
 Explain development of male
reproductive system. Rep-S1-Ana-E-1
06  Discuss the development of Development of Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
gonads. Gonads and genital Lecture
 Discuss the fate of genital ducts
ducts in the male.
 Discuss the development of
Rep-S1-Ana-E-2
male external genitalia.
07 Development of male
 Describe the anomalies of the external genitalia
male reproductive system.
features of the parts of male
Rep-S1-Ana-H-1
reproductive system.
08 Microscopic features of Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Identify the histological testis and epididymis
features of testis and
epididymis
74
 Parts of male and female
reproductive system. Primary Rep–S1-Phy-1
sex organs, Accessory sex
09 General introduction of
organs Hormones
Reproductive System
(terminologies) Puberty,
Menarche.
 Explain the process (stages)
spermatogenesis. Rep– S1-Phy-2
 Describe the hormonal Spermatogenesis,
10
influence on spermiogenesis. spermiogenesis,
 Discuss the function of sperm
prostate gland
 To discuss the secretion &
functions of testosterone with
Rep– S1-Phy-3
its metabolism.
Male Sex Hormones
11  To describe mode of action of
(Testosterone ) Genital
testosterone.
ducts and Glands
 Discuss the regulation of male
sex hormone.
 Describe the Synthesis & Rep-S1-Bio- 1
Regulation of Reproductive Synthesis & Interactive
12 SBQs & OSVE
hormones Regulation of Lecture
Reproductive
hormones
 Describe the synthesis ,
role and mechanism of Rep-S1 Bio- 2
13
action of male sex Male sex hormones
hormones
 Enlist congenital anomalies
of penis
Rep-S1-Path-1
 Describe congenital
14 Congenital anomalies
anomalies of testis &
of male genital tract
epididymis
 Discuss atrophy of testis
 Define BPH
 List the sign and symptoms
of BPH Rep-S1-Uro-1
15  Medical and surgical
treatment of BPH Benign prostatic
 Describe when a patient of hypertrophy (BPH)
BPH should contact to a
urologist.
Theme 2: Morbidity and Mortality Related with the Genital Organs

Malignancies
TEACHING
STRATEGY
ANATOMY
 Describe the female internal
genital organs
Rep–S1-Ana-G-6
 Explain the anatomy of Interactive
16 Ovaries and Uterine SBQs & OSVE
ovaries Lecture
tubes
 Discuss the anatomy of
fallopian tube
75
 Explain the anatomy of
Uterine tubes Describe the
Rep–S1-Ana- G-7
17 parts of uterus, supports of
Uterus and vagina
uterus.
 Explain the anatomy of vagina
 Explain the boundaries of
perineum Rep–S1-Ana-G-8
18  Describe the division of Divisions of perineum ,
perineum Perineal body
 Discuss perineal body
 Discuss the contents of anal Rep–S1-Ana-G-9 SBQs,
triangle Contents of anal Demonstration
19 OSPE & OSVE
 Briefly discuss the anatomy of triangle
anal canal Anal canal
 Identify the boundaries of
ischioanal fossa Rep–S1-Ana-G-10
20
 Discuss the contents of Ischiorectal fossa
ischiorectal fossa.
 Discuss the microscopic Rep–S1-Ana-H-2
21 features of prostate and Histology of Prostate, Practical OSPE & OSVE
seminal vesicle Seminal Vesicle
Pathology
 Define inflammatory
conditions of spermatic cord Rep-S1-Path-2
Interactive
22 and testis. Inflammatory lesions SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 Describe morphology and of male genital organs
its clinical feature
Pharmacology
 Describe pharmacology of
androgen hormones and
anti- androgen agents.
 Clinical uses of androgen
hormones and anti- Rep- S1-Pharm 1
Interactive
23 androgen drugs. Androgens and Anti SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
 To have knowledge about Androgens
side effects and
contraindications of
androgen hormones and
anti- androgen drugs
Clinical lecture
 Describe the menstrual Rep- S1-Gyne& obs1 Interactive
24 SBQs & OSVE
cycle related abnormalities Menstrual disorders Lecture
Theme 3: Pregnancy, Parturition, Child Birth and the Congenital

Anomalies
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Discuss the contents of
Rep–S1-Ana-G-11
urogenital triangle in the male Interactive
25 Male and female SBQs & OSVE
and female Lecture
external genitalia
 (external genitalia)
76
 Discuss the contents of Rep –S1-Ana- G-12
superficial perineal pouch in Urogenital diaphragm
the male and contents of
26
 Discuss the contents of deep superficial and deep
perineal pouch in male perineal pouch in the
male
 Discuss the contents of Rep –S1-Ana-G-13
superficial perineal pouch in Contents of superficial
27 female perineal pouch and
 Discuss the contents of deep deep perineal pouch in
perineal pouch in female the female
Rep –S1-Ana-E-3
parts of female reproductive
Development of female
28 system
reproductive System
 Discuss the development of
gonads
Rep –S1-Ana- H-3
features of the parts of female
Microscopic features of
29 reproductive system. Practical OSPE & OSVE
Ovary and Fallopian
 Discuss the epithelial lining of
tube
ovary and fallopian tube
 Discuss oogenesis, phases of Rep –S1-Phy-4
development of ova, and Oogenesis,
development of corpus luteum Female sex hormones
30
 Describe the synthesis, (Estrogen
function and regulation of Progesterone)
estrogen and progesterone
 Discuss the ovarian cycle,
endometrial cycle and its
phases.
 Explain menarche,
menupause. Rep–S1-Phy-5
 Describe the phases of Female reproductive
menstrual cycle. cycle
31  Describe the hormonal Menstrual cycle,
variations and regulatory Menarche and
mechanism of changes Menopause.
occurring during cycle.
 Describe the hormonal
Interactive
changes and control SBQs & OSVE
Lecture
mechanism of the changes
that occur at menopause.
 Describe the syntheses,
Rep-S1-Bio-3
role and mechanism of
32 Female sex
action of female sex
hormones
hormones
 Enlist congenital anomalies
of uterus and vagina
Rep-S1-Path-3
 Define pelvic inflammatory
Female Genital Tract.
disease and organism
33 Congenital anomalies
involved in it.
& Inflammatory
 Discuss complications of diseases
pelvic inflammatory
disease.
 Endometrial histology
Rep-S1-Path-4
during menstrual cycle
34 Diseases of
 Define dysfunctional uterine Endometrium
bleeding and its causes.
77
 Describe acute and chronic
endometritis
action of Estrogens and Anti
Rep-S1-Pharm-2
estrogens
35 Estrogens and Anti
 Explain the clinical uses and estrogens
side effects of estrogen
preparations.
Theme 4: Role of the Reproductive Hormones, Contraception and

Menupause
TEACHING
STRATEGY
Anatomy
 Discuss the major blood Rep –S1-Ana-G-14
36 vessels of pelvis and Internal iliac artery and
perineum its branches
 Describe the nerves of pelvis Rep –S1-Ana-G-15
and perineum Nerves of Pelvis &
37  Describe the sacral plexus Perineum, sacral
and hypogastric plexus. Plexus
Hypogastric plexus
 Discuss the venous drainage
of the pelvis and perineum. Rep –S1-Ana-G-16 Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
 Explain the areas of lymph Venous &Lymphatic Lecture
38
drainage of pelvis and drainage of pelvis and
perineum perineum
 Clinical importance
 Discuss the development of Rep –S1-Ana-E-4
genital ducts in female Development of genital
39  Discuss the development of ducts
female external genitalia. Development of female
 Explain the clinical correlates external genitalia
 Discuss the microscopic
Rep –S1-Ana -H-4
features of uterus, cervix
40 Histology of uterus, Practical OSPE & OSVE
 Discuss the microscopic cervix, vagina
features of vagina
 Describe the synthesis, and
function of B-HCG (Human
chorionic gonadotropin) Rep –S1-Phy-6
 Explain the effects of HCG in Physiology of
41 causing persistence in Pregnancy, placenta
pregnancy and placental
 Describe the physiological hormones
events taking place during Interactive
SBQs & OSVE
Pregnancy. Lecture
 Describe parturition and its
various stages, & hormonal
changes Rep–S1-Phy-7
42  Discuss the secretion & Parturition and
functions of oxytocin. Oxytocin
 Describe mode of action of
oxytocin
78
 Describe the changes in
uterus during pregnancy, and
after birth.
 Describe the involution of
uterus.
 Describe the hormone
required to develop mammary
glands during pregnancy.
 Describe the physiology of the
mammary gland. Rep –S1-Phy-8
43
 Describe the lactation reflex. Breast and Lactation
 Describe the weaning.
 Perform the pregnancy test, Rep–S1-Phy-9
on pregnancy test-strip Pregnancy test
 Describe The
Pharmacology of Oral
Contraceptive Drugs.
 To describe their adverse Rep-S1-Pharm-3 Interactive
45 SBQs & OSVE
effects and Contraceptive Drugs Lecture
contraindication.
 Explain drug Interactions of
Oral Contraceptive Drugs.
Clinical Lecture
 Describe the patho-
physiology of mammary
gland disorders.
Rep-S1-PAEDS-1
 Describe the lactation reflex
Breast feeding guide Interactive
46  Describe the hormonal SBQs & OSVE
for medical Lecture
effect profession
 Student guide for complete
protocol of lactation and
weaning
79
Module: Reproductive Module
No % e after Number
Rounding of
Question
s (100)
01 Gross 16 30.76 31 31
Anatomy
Embryo 04 7.69 08 08
Histo 04 7.69 08 08
02 Physiology 09 17.30 17 17
03 Biochemistry 05 9.61 10 10
04 Pharmacolog 03 5.76 06 06
y
05 Pathology 04 7.69 08 08
06 Parallel 06 11.53 12 12
subjects (CM,
IT, BS, Res,
BME,
clinical)
TOTAL ------- ------- ------- 52 100% 100
Subject in Module Proportion

of subjects Weightage Test Instrument/tool/method Explanation
in module
Level 1 used:
&2 Theory
100 %;
OSPE/OSCE= 20%
Physiology 17 17
Competency level
Pyramid:
Know (Level-1)&
How to know
(CM, IT, BS, Res,
(Level-2)
BME)
Skills & Attitude:
Show (Level-3) &
Does (Level-4)
100% 100 80% 20%
80
7 ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT PLAN FOR EACH PAPER END OF YEAR INTERNAL TOTAL %AGE
ASSESMENT EVALUATION
THEORY (SBQS) 80% 20% 100%
PRACTICAL EXAM (OSVE; OSPE) 80%
ALLOCATION OF INTERNAL ASSESSMENT MARKS

COMPONENT SCORING MATRIX PERCENTAGE
ATTENDANCE (>90%=03; 89- 3%
THEORY 80%=02; 79-70%=01;<70%=00
Module tests 3%
Block tests 4%
10%
ATTENDANCE (>90%=03; 89- 3%
80%=02; 79-70%=01;<70%=00
PRACTICAL Module tests including ethics, 3%
conduct, practicals, assignments)
Block tests 4%
10%
TOTAL 20%
81
8 LEARNING RESOURCES
Anatomy:
 GROSS ANATOMY

Clinical Anatomy by Richard S. Snell (10th Edition)

Clinically Oriented Anatomy by K.L. Moore (09th Edition)
 Neuro Anatomy by Richard Snell (08th, 09thEddition)
 HISTOLOGY
 Wheather’s Functional Histology by B. Young J. W. Health (07th Edition)
 Junqueira’s Basic Histology by Anthony L. Mescher (17thEdition)
 EMBRYOLOGY
 The Developing Human by Keith L. Moore& TVN Persuad (10th Edition)
 Langman’s Medical Embryology by TW Saddler (15th Edition)
Biochemistry:
 TEXTBOOKS
 Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry by Peter Kennelly (32nd Edition)
 Lehninger Principle of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson Michael M. Cox (08th Edition)
 Text book of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations by Thomas M. Devlin (05th Edition)
Community Medicine:
 TEXT BOOKS
 Parks Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine by K. Park (26thEdition)
 Public health and Community Medicine by Ilyas, Ansari (08thEdition)
 Textbook of Community Medicine and Public Health by Saira Afzal - Sabeen Jalal (01stEdition)
 Fundamental of Preventive Medicine by Dr. Zulfikar Ali Shaikh (05thEdition),
 Basic Statistics for the Health Sciences by Jan W. Kuzma (05th Edition)
Pathology/ Microbiology:
 TEXT BOOKS
 Robbins & Cotran, Pathologic Basis of Disease by Kumar Abbas Aster (09th, 10thEdition)
 Rapid Review Pathology by Edward F. Goljan MD (4thEdition)
Pharmacology:
 TEXT BOOKS
 Lippincot Illustrated Pharmacology by Karen Whalen (08th Edition)
 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by Bertram G. Katzung & Anthony Trevor (15th Edition)
Physiology:
 TEXTBOOKS
 Textbook of Medical Physiology by Guyton and Hall (14th Edition)
 Ganong‘s Review of Medical Physiology by Kim Barrett, Susan Barman and Jason Yuan(26th
Edition)
 Fundamental of Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood (04th Edition)
 Berne & Levy Physiology by Bruce M. Koeppen (08th Edition)
 Best & Taylor Physiological Basis of Medical Practice by John B. West
 REFERENCE BOOKS
 Guyton & Hall Physiological Review by John E. Hall (04th Edition)
 Essentials of Medical Physiology by Jaypee
 Textbook of Medical Physiology by Indu Khurana
 Short Textbook of Physiology by Arthur. C. Guyton
 NMS Physiology
 Monoo’s Physiology
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STUDENT STUDY GUIDE

Integrated Modular System

SMALL GROUP TEACHING (SGT):

CASE- BASED LEARNING:

SKILLS LAB SESSION:

SELF DIRECTED LEARNING:

Prof. Dr. Samreen Memon

A study guide is a strategic and effective approach to

 Provide students a detailed framework of the modules organization

Prof. Dr. Ikram din Ujjan

Dr. Faheem Ahmed Memon

Prof. Dr. Rano Mal

Mr. Mohal Lal

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE

Clinical/ Practical Skills

Theme 1: Spinal Cord Trauma, Anterior Horn Cell Disorders,

Theme 3: Cerebral Cortex Diseases (Upper Motor Neuron

Theme 6: Cerebrovascular Disorders

Subject in Module Proportion Weightage Test Instrument/tool/method Explanation

 Describe in detail the anatomy of structures of head and neck

Theme 1: Fractures of the Skull & Scalp injuries

Theme 1: Fractures of the Skull &Scalp Injuries

Theme 2: Facial Injuries &the Bell’s Palsy

Theme 4: Waldeyer’s Ring, Tonsillitis & Oral Cancers

40  Discuss clinical significance HN-S1-Ent-1

Theme 6: Deafness, Vertigo, Ottitis Media

Subject in Module Proportion Weightage Test Instrument/tool/method Explanation

 Describe the development of foregut, mid gut and hind gut.

 Develop good manners and should be honest to their studies

TOPICS WITH SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND TEACHING

Theme 1: The Anterior Abdominal Wall & the Hernias

Theme 2: Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Theme 3: Hepatic & Portal System Disorders

Theme 5: Vascular Disorders

Subject in Module Proportion Weightage Test Instrument/tool/method Explanation

 Carry out practical work as instructed in an organized and safe manner

Attitude & Behaviour

 Give and receive feedback, respect for self and peers.

Theme 1: Short/Tall stature and the role of the pituitary gland

TOPICS WITH SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND TEACHING

Theme1: Short/Tall Stature &the Role of the Pituitary Gland

Theme 4: Moon Face and the Role of the AdExc-S1 Gland

Subject in Module Proportion Weightage Test Instrument/tool/method Explanation

TOPICS WITH SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND TEACHING

Theme 1:OVERVIEW STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS OF EXC-S1 SYSTEM

Theme 2: Exc-S1 Circulation, GFR & Its Regulation

Theme 4: Electrolyte and Fluid Balance, Acid-Base Balance

 Describe glomerular function Practical OSPE & OSVE

Subject in Module Proportion Weightage Test Instrument/tool/method Explanation

Theme 2: Morbidity and Mortality Related with the Genital Organs

Theme 3: Pregnancy, Parturition, Child Birth and the Congenital

Theme 4: Role of the Reproductive Hormones, Contraception and

Subject in Module Proportion

ALLOCATION OF INTERNAL ASSESSMENT MARKS

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