Dural Venous Sineses... 2022

Lecture 10
*Dural Venous
Sinuses*
By:
Associate Professor
Dr Farooq Aman Ullah Khan
PMC
Date: 24th March 2022

Venous sinuses of Dura matter
 These are venous spaces, the walls of which are
formed by durra matter.
 They have an inner lining of epithelium.
 They have no muscles in their walls.
 They have no valves.
 They receive blood from internal and

external veins of the brain.
 Receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from
the subarachnoid space via arachnoids granulations,
and mainly empty into the internal jugular vein.
 What are the other type of veins in the Head

region?
Diploic veins.
 They are large, thin-walled valveless veins.
 They channels in the diploë between the inner

and outer layers of the cortical bone in the skull.
 They develop fully by the age of two years.
 The diploic veins drain this area into the Dural

venous sinuses.
 The four major types of diploic veins found on

each side of the head are:
 Frontal, Veins of the diploë as displayed by the
 Anterior temporal, removal of the outer table of the skull
 Posterior temporal, and
 Occipital diploic veins.
Emissary veins
 It connect the extracranial venous system

with the intracranial venous sinuses.
 They drain from the scalp, through

the skull, into the larger meningeal
veins and Dural venous sinuses.
 They are common in children.
 Emissary veins have an important role in

selective cooling of the head.
Emissary veins….cont
 They also serve as routes where

infections are carried into the
cranial cavity from the extracranial
veins to the intracranial veins.
 There are several types of emissary

veins including
 Posterior condyloid,
 Mastoid,
 Occipital and
 Parietal emissary vein.
DURAL venous sinuses:
 There are 23 venous sinuses, of

which 08 are paired and 07 are
unpaired.
2
Paired venous sinuses: 1 4
 1. Cavernous sinus.
3
5
 2. Superior petrosal sinus.
 3. Inferior petrosal sinus.
 4. Transverse sinus.
8
 5. Sigmoid sinus.
 6. Sphenoparietal sinus
6
 7. Petrosquamous and
 8. Middle meningeal sinus/ veins.
The unpaired venous sinuses:
1.Superior Sagittal sinus.
2. Inferior Sagittal sinus.
3. Straight sinus.
4. Occipital sinus.
5.Anterior inter cavernous sinus.
6. Posterior inter cavernous
sinus.
7. Basilar pluxes of vein.
Dural Venous Sinus
Superior Sagittal sinus
 It is also known as the superior

longitudinal sinus
 It Commencing at the foramen cecum,

through which it receives emissary
veins from the nasal cavity.
 It runs from anterior to posterior,

grooving the inner surface of
the frontal, the adjacent margins of the
two parietal lobes, and the superior
division of the occipital lobe.
Superior Sagittal Sinus….contd
 Near the internal occipital

protuberance, it drains into
the confluence of sinuses and deviates
to either side (usually the right).
 At this point it is continued as the

corresponding transverse sinus.
 The SSS is usually divided into three

parts:
 Anterior (foramen cecum to bregma),
 Middle (bregma to lambda) and
 Posterior (lambda to confluence).
Superior Sagittal Sinus….contd
 The SSS is triangular in section, narrow in

front, and gradually increases in size as it
passes backward.
 Cerebrospinal fluid drains
through arachnoids granulations into the
superior Sagittal sinus and is returned to
venous circulation.
 The superior Sagittal sinus receives the
 Superior cerebral veins,
 Veins from the diploë and
 Dural small veins.
 It also receive veins from the pericranium,

which pass through the parietal
foramina(emissary veins) .
Inferior Sagittal sinus:
 Also known as inferior

longitudinal sinus.
 It drains (from the center of the brain)
to the straight sinus (at the back of the
head), which connects to
the transverse sinuses.
•The inferior Sagittal sinus courses along

the inferior border of the falx cerebri,
superior to the corpus callosum.
• It receives blood from the deep and
medial aspects of the cerebral
hemispheres and drains into the straight
sinus.
It is also known as tentorial sinus
Occipital sinus.
 It is the smallest of the cranial sinuses.
 It is situated in the attached margin of

the falx cerebelli, and is generally single,
but occasionally there are two.
 It commences around the margin of

the foramen magnum by several small
venous channels.
 It communicates with the posterior

internal vertebral venous plexuses and
ends in the confluence of the sinuses.
Sphenoparietal sinus
 A small sphenoparietal
sinus, which courses along
the under surface of
the small wing of the
sphenoid.
 Drains in to the cavernous

sinus.
Transverse sinuses:
 They run laterally in a groove along the
interior surface of the occipital bone.
 They drain from the confluence of
sinuses (by the internal occipital
protuberance) to the sigmoid sinuses.
 The transverse sinuses are of large size and

begin at the internal occipital
protuberance; one, generally the right,
being the direct continuation of
the superior Sagittal sinus, the other of
the straight sinus.
Sigmoid sinuses
 Sigma- or s-shaped hollow curve),

also known as the pars sigmoid.
 The sigmoid sinus is a Dural venous
sinus situated within the dura mater.
 The sigmoid sinus receives blood
from the transverse sinuses.
 Each sigmoid sinus begins beneath
the temporal bone and follows a
tortuous course to the jugular
foramen, at which point the sinus
becomes continuous with the internal
jugular vein.
Basilar plexus (transverse or basilar sinus)
 It consists of several
interlacing venous channels between the
layers of the Dura mater over the basilar
part of the occipital bone (the Clivus).
 It serves to connect the two inferior

petrosal sinuses.
 It communicates with the anterior

vertebral venous plexus.
Superior petrosal sinus
 is a venous structure located beneath

the brain.
 It receives blood from the cavernous
sinus and passes backward and laterally
to drain into the transverse sinus.
 The sinus receives

some cerebellar and inferior
cerebral veins, and veins from
the tympanic cavity.
Inferior petrosal sinuses
 It is situated in the inferior petrosal sulcus,

formed by the junction of the petrous part
of the temporal bone with the basilar part
of the occipital bone.
 Each inferior petrosal sinus drains

the cavernous sinus into the internal
jugular vein.
 The inferior petrosal sinus receives

the internal auditory veins and also veins
from the medulla oblongata, pons, and
under surface of the cerebellum.
Cavernous sinus
 Also called as lateral sellar

compartment
 2 cm long, 1cm wide
 Situated in MCF on the sides of body of

sphenoid
 The dural venous sinus creating a cavity
bordered by the temporal bone of
the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to
the sella turcica.
MCF….Middle cranial Fossa

Cavernous sinus……Con’t
Relations of cavernous Sinus.
 Superiorly: optic tract, optic

chiasma, internal carotid artery.
 Inferiorly: greater wing of
sphenoid bone.
 Medially: sella turcica and sphenoidal
air sinus.
 Laterally: temporal lobe.
 Anteriorly: superior orbital fissure.
 Posteriorly: apex of petrous temporal
bone
 Structures within the lateral wall of the

cavernous sinus:
 Oculomotor nerve
 Trochlear nerve
 Ophthalmic nerve
 Maxillary nerve
 Structures passing through the medial portion

of the cavernous sinus:
 Abducent nerve
 Internal carotid artery accompanied by
the Internal_carotid_plexus
Venous connections:
 It receives tributaries from:

 Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
 Sphenoparietal sinus
 Superficial middle cerebral veins
 The veins of exit are to the superior and inferior

petrosal sinuses as well as via the emissary
veins through the foramina of the skull (mostly
through foramen ovale).
 There are also connections with the pterygoid

plexus of veins via inferior ophthalmic vein, deep
facial vein and emissary veins.
Cavernous sinus
Superior ophthalmic vein
Angular vein
Inferior ophthalmic vein

Pterygoid venous plexus
Facial vein
Maxillary vein
Deep facial vein Retromandibular vein

Danger area of the face
 Flow of blood in all tributaries and communications
are reversible as they posses no valves.
 The CS communicate with the danger area of the

face through 2 routes
 Superior opthalmic vein
 Deep facial veins, pterygoid plexus of vein ,
emissary vein.
 Note:
 This area has been so named because boils,
infections of the nose and injuries around the nose,
especially those that become infected can readily
spread to cavernous sinus resulting in cavernous
sinus thrombosis (CST)
Name Drains to
Anterior
Sphenoparietal sinuses Cavernous sinuses
Superior and inferior petrosal
Cavernous sinuses
sinuses
Midline
Typically becomes right transverse
Superior Sagittal sinus
sinus or confluence of sinuses
Inferior Sagittal sinus Straight sinus
Typically becomes left transverse
Straight sinus
sinus or confluence of sinuses
Posterior
Occipital sinus Confluence of sinuses
Confluence of sinuses Right and Left transverse sinuses
Lateral
Superior petrosal sinus Transverse sinuses
Transverse sinuses Sigmoid sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus Internal jugular vein
Sigmoid sinuses Internal jugular vein

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Lecture 10

Date: 24th March 2022

 They have an inner lining of epithelium.

 They have no muscles in their walls.

 They have no valves.

 They receive blood from internal and

 What are the other type of veins in the Head

 They channels in the diploë between the inner

 The diploic veins drain this area into the Dural

 The four major types of diploic veins found on

 It connect the extracranial venous system

 They drain from the scalp, through

 They are common in children.

 Emissary veins have an important role in

 They also serve as routes where

 There are several types of emissary

 There are 23 venous sinuses, of

 It is also known as the superior

 It Commencing at the foramen cecum,

 It runs from anterior to posterior,

 Near the internal occipital

 At this point it is continued as the

 The SSS is usually divided into three

 The SSS is triangular in section, narrow in

 It also receive veins from the pericranium,

 Also known as inferior

•The inferior Sagittal sinus courses along

 It is the smallest of the cranial sinuses.

 It is situated in the attached margin of

 It commences around the margin of

 It communicates with the posterior

 Drains in to the cavernous

 The transverse sinuses are of large size and

 Sigma- or s-shaped hollow curve),

 It serves to connect the two inferior

 It communicates with the anterior

 is a venous structure located beneath

 The sinus receives

 It is situated in the inferior petrosal sulcus,

 Each inferior petrosal sinus drains

 The inferior petrosal sinus receives

 Also called as lateral sellar

 Situated in MCF on the sides of body of

MCF….Middle cranial Fossa

Relations of cavernous Sinus.

 Superiorly: optic tract, optic

 Structures within the lateral wall of the

 Structures passing through the medial portion

 It receives tributaries from:

 The veins of exit are to the superior and inferior

 There are also connections with the pterygoid

Superior ophthalmic vein

Inferior ophthalmic vein

Deep facial vein Retromandibular vein

 The CS communicate with the danger area of the

Occipital sinus Confluence of sinuses

Confluence of sinuses Right and Left transverse sinuses

Superior petrosal sinus Transverse sinuses

Transverse sinuses Sigmoid sinus