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    CITES – the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna

    and Flora (1974). IUCN is a signatory party and the CITES secretariat was
    originally lodged with IUCN.
    Ramsar Convention – Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1975). The
    secretariat is still administered from IUCN's headquarters.
    IUCN entered into an agreement with the United Nations Environment Programme UNEP
    to provide regular reviews of world conservation. The income this generated,
    combined with growing revenue via WWF, put the organisation on relatively sound
    financial footing for the first time since 1948.

    This period saw the beginning of a gradual change in IUCN's approach to


    conservation in which it tried to become more appealing to the developing world.

    The World Conservation Strategy 1975–1985


    [7]: 132–165

    In 1975 IUCN started work on the World Conservation Strategy (1980).[9] The
    drafting process, and the discussions with the UN agencies involved, led to an
    evolution in thinking within IUCN and growing acceptance of the fact that
    conservation of nature by banning human presence no longer worked. The Strategy was
    followed in 1982 by the World Charter for Nature, which was adopted by the United
    Nations General Assembly, after preparation by IUCN.

    In 1980, IUCN and WWF moved into shared new offices in Gland, Switzerland. This
    marked a phase of closer cooperation with WWF, but the close ties between IUCN and
    WWF were severed in 1985 when WWF decided to take control of its own field
    projects, which so far had been run by IUCN.

    Sustainable development and regionalisation: 1985 to present day[7]: 176–222


    In 1982, IUCN set up a Conservation for Development Centre within its secretariat.
    The Centre undertook projects to ensure that nature conservation was integrated in
    development aid and in the economic policies of developing countries. Over the
    years, it supported the development of national conservation strategies in 30
    countries. Several European countries began to channel considerable amounts of
    bilateral aid via IUCN's projects. Management of these projects was primarily done
    by IUCN staff, often working from the new regional and country offices IUCN set up
    around the world. This marked a shift within the organisation. Previously, the
    volunteer Commissions had been very influential, now the Secretariat and its staff
    began to play a more dominant role. In 1989, IUCN moved into a separate building in
    Gland, close to the offices it had shared with WWF. Initially, the focus of power
    was still with the Headquarters in Gland but the regional offices and regional
    members' groups gradually got a bigger say in operations.

    In 1991, IUCN (together with UNEP and WWF) published Caring for the Earth, a
    successor to the World Conservation Strategy.[8]

    Social aspects of conservation were now integrated in IUCN's work; at the General
    Assembly in 1994 the IUCN mission was redrafted to its current wording to include
    the equitable and ecologically use of natural resources.

    Closer to business: 2000 to present day


    Since the creation of IUCN in 1948, IUCN Members have passed more than 300
    resolutions that include or focus on business related activities.

    The increased attention on sustainable development as a means to protect nature


    brought IUCN closer to the corporate sector. The members decided against this, but
    IUCN did forge a partnership with the World Business Council for Sustainable
    Development. IUCN renewed a multi-year MOU (Memorandum of understanding) with WBCSD
    in December 2015.
    In 1996, after decades of seeking to address specific business issues, IUCN's
    Members asked for a comprehensive approach to engaging the business sector.
    Resolution 1.81 of the IUCN World Conservation Congress held that year "urged IUCN
    Members and the Director General, based on the need to influence private sector
    policies in support of the Mission of IUCN, to expand dialogue and productive
    relationships with the private sector and find new ways to interact with members of
    the business community".

    The IUCN Global Business and Biodiversity Program (BBP) was established in 2003 to
    influence and support private partners in addressing environmental and social
    issues.[10] In 2004, the first IUCN Private Sector Engagement Strategy was
    developed (in response to Council Decision C/58/41). Most prominent in the Business
    and Biodiversity Program is the five-year collaboration IUCN started with the
    energy company Shell International in 2007.[11][12]

    IUCN has been involved in minimum energy consumption and zero-carbon construction
    since 2005 by integrating energy-saving materials, developed by Jean-Luc Sandoz in
    the footsteps of Julius Natterer.[13]

    Today, the Business and Biodiversity Programme continues to set the strategic
    direction, coordinate IUCN's overall approach and provide institutional quality
    assurance in all business engagements. The Programme ensures that the Business
    Engagement Strategy is implemented through IUCN's global thematic and regional
    programmes as well as helps guide the work of IUCN's six Commissions.

    Championing Nature-based Solutions: 2009 to present day


    Nature-based solutions (NbS) use ecosystems and the services they provide to
    address societal challenges such as climate change, food security or natural
    disasters.[14]

    The emergence of the NbS concept in environmental sciences and nature conservation
    contexts came as international organisations, such as IUCN and the World Bank,
    searched for solutions to work with ecosystems rather than relying on conventional
    engineering interventions (such as a seawall), to adapt to and mitigate climate
    change effects, while improving sustainable livelihoods and protecting natural
    ecosystems and biodiversity.

    At the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2016, IUCN Members agreed on a definition
    of nature-based solutions.[15] Members also called for governments to include
    nature-based solutions in strategies to combat climate change.

    Timeline

    This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this
    article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material
    may be challenged and removed. (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this
    message)
    Some key dates in the growth and development of IUCN:

    1948: International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN) established.[16]


    1956: Name changed to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and
    Natural Resources (IUCN).

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