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 7. THE MANNA. (Exod. xvi.)

All the time that Israel wandered in the wilderness they were given
manna, or angels’ food. This food is ground by the angels in heaven,
as Moses saw when he was there. For when Moses was in heaven,
he knew not when it was night and when it was day, till he listened to
the song of the angels; and when they sang “Holy God,” then he
knew it was morning below on earth; and when they sang “Blessed
be thou,” he knew it was evening below. Also he observed the
angels grinding the manna and casting it down; and then he knew it
was night, and they were strewing it for the Israelites to gather in the
morning.[532] It is in the third firmament, called Schechakim (clouds),
that the mills are in which manna is ground.[533] Along with the manna
fell pearls and diamonds, and on the mountains it was heaped so
high that it could be seen from afar.[534]
And the manna, this bread from heaven, contained in itself all
sweetness; and whatsoever any man desired to eat, the manna
tasted to him as if it were that food.[535] Thus, if any one said, “I wish I
had a fat bird,” the manna tasted like a fat bird. But usually it had the
taste of cakes made of oil, honey, and fine flour, according to the
words of the Lord, “My meat also which I gave thee, fine flour, and
oil, and honey wherewith I fed thee” (Ezek. xvi. 10).[536] The Targum
of Palestine thus describes the fall of the manna:—In the morning
there was a fall of holy dew, prepared as a table,[537] round about the
camp; and the clouds ascended and caused manna to descend
upon the dew; and there was upon the face of the desert a minute
substance in lines, minute as the hoar frost upon the ground. And
the sons of Israel beheld, and wondered, and said to one another,
“Man hu?” (What is it?) for they knew not what it was. And Moses
said to them, “It is the bread which hath been laid up for you from the
beginning in the heavens on high, and now the Lord will give it you to
eat. This is the word which the Lord hath dictated: You are to gather
of it; every man according to the number of the persons of his
tabernacle.”
And the children of Israel did so, and gathered manna more or less.
And Moses said to them, “Let no man reserve of it till the morning.”
But some of them, Dathan and Abiram, men of wickedness, did
reserve of it till the morning; but it produced worms, and putrefied.
And they gathered from the time of the dawn until the fourth hour of
the day; when the sun had waxed hot upon it, it liquefied and made
streams of water, which flowed away into the great sea; and wild
animals that were clean, and cattle, came to drink of it; and the sons
of Israel hunted, and ate them.[538]
Some of the Gentiles, the Edomites and Midianites, came up, and,
seeing the chosen people eating, they also gathered of the manna
and tasted, but it was to them as wormwood.[539]
 8. THE SMITTEN ROCK. (Exod. xvii. 1-7.)

And all the congregation of the sons of Israel journeyed from the
desert of Sin and encamped in Rephidim, a place where their hands
were idle in the commandments of the law, and the fountains were
dry, and there was no water for the people to drink.
And the wicked of the people contended with Moses, and said, “Give
us water that we may drink.” And Moses said to them, “Why contend
ye with me? Why tempt ye the Lord.”
But the people were athirst for water, and the people murmured
against Moses and said, “Why hast thou made us come up out of
Egypt to kill us, and our children, and our cattle, with thirst?”
And Moses prayed before the Lord, saying, “What shall I do for this
people? Yet a little while, and they will stone me.”
And the Lord said to Moses, “Pass over before the people, and take
the rod, with which thou didst smite the river, in thine hand, and go
from the face of their murmuring. Behold, I will stand before thee
there, on the spot where thou sawest the impression of the foot on
Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock with thy rod, and therefrom
shall come forth waters for drinking, and the people shall drink.”
And Moses did so before the Elders of Israel. And he called the
name of that place Temptation and Strife; because the people strove
with him there, and tempted God.[540]
Tabari gives these particulars concerning the smitten rock. In the
desert there was no water. Moses prayed to God, and He
commanded him to strike a rock with his staff.
Some say that this was an ordinary stone in the desert, others that it
was a stone from Sinai which Moses carried about with him that he
might stand on it whenever he prayed. Moses struck the rock, and
twelve streams spouted from it.
Then Moses said, “You have manna and quails in abundance, gather
only sufficient for the day, and you shall have fresh on the morrow.”
But they would not obey his word; therefore the Lord withdrew the
birds, and the people were famished. Then Moses besought the
Lord, and the quails were restored to them. And this is how the
quails fell in the camp.[541] A wind smote them as they flew over the
camp, and broke their wings.
Then the people murmured again, and said to Moses, “The heat is
intolerable, we cannot endure it.”
So he prayed, and God sent a cloud to overshadow Israel; and it
gave them cool shade all the day.[542]
After that, they complained, “We want clothes.” Then God wrought a
marvel, and their clothes waxed not old and ragged, nor did their
shoes wear out, nor did dirt and dust settle on their garments.[543]
It is also commonly related that the rock followed the Israelites, like
the pillar of fire and the manna, all the time they went through the
wilderness; to this tradition S. Paul alludes when he says, “They
drank of that spiritual rock that followed them, and that rock was
Christ.”[544]
 9. MOSES VISITS EL KHOUDR.

One day, say the Mussulmans, Moses boasted before Joshua of his
wisdom. Then said God to him, “Go to the place where the sea of the
Greeks joins the Persian Gulf, and there you will find one who
surpasses you in wisdom.”
Moses therefore announced to the Hebrews, who continued their
murmurs, that, in punishment for their stiffneckedness and rebellion,
they were condemned by God to wander for forty years in the desert.
Then having asked God how he should recognize the wise man of
whom God had spoken to him, he was bidden take a fish in a basket;
“and,” said God, “the fish will lead thee to my faithful servant.”
Moses went on his way with Joshua, having the fish in a basket. In
the evening he arrived on the shore of the sea and fell asleep.
When he awoke in the morning, Joshua forgot to take the fish, and
Moses not regarding it, they had advanced far on their journey
before they remembered that they had neglected the basket and
fish. Then they returned and sought where they had slept, but they
found the basket empty. As they were greatly troubled at this loss,
they saw the fish before them, standing upright like a man, in the
sea; and it led them, and they followed along the coast; and they did
not stay till their guide suddenly vanished.
Supposing that they had reached their destination, they explored the
neighbourhood, and found a cave, at the entrance to which were
inscribed these words, “In the Name of the all-powerful and all-
merciful God.” Joshua and Moses, entering this cavern, found a man
seated there, fresh and blooming, but with white hair and a long
white beard which descended to his feet. This was the prophet El
Khoudr.
Some say he was the same as Elias, some that he was Jeremiah,
some that he was Lot, and some that he was Jonah. The greatest
uncertainty reigns as to who El Khoudr really is. All that is known of
him is that he went with Alexander the Two-horned, to the West, and
drank of the fountain of immortality, and thenceforth he lives an
undying life, ever fresh, but also marked with the signs of a beautiful
old age.
El Khoudr derives his name from the circumstance of his having sat
on a bare stone, and when he rose from it the stone was green and
covered with grass.[545]
In later times he was put to death for the true faith with various
horrible tortures, by an idolatrous king, but he revived after each
execution.
The explanation of the mystery of El Khoudr is this. He is the old
Sun-god Thammuz of the Sabæans, and when he was dethroned by
Mohammed, he sank in popular tradition to the level of a prophet,
and all the old myths of the Sun-god were related of the prophet.
His wandering to the West is the sun setting there; his drinking there
of the well of immortality is the sun plunging into the sea. His clothing
the dry rock with grass is significant of the power of the sun over
vegetation. His torments are figures of the sun setting, in storm, in
flames of crimson, or swallowed by the black thunder-cloud; but from
all his perils he rises again in glory in the eastern sky.[546]
Moses said to El Khoudr, “Take me for thy disciple, permit me to
accompany thee, and to admire the wisdom God hath given thee.”
“Thou canst not understand it,” answered the venerable man.
“Moreover, thy stay with me is short.”
“I will be patient and submissive,” said Moses; “for God’s sake, reject
me not.”
“Thou mayest follow me,” said the sage. “But ask me no questions,
and wait till I give thee, at my pleasure, the sense of that which thou
comprehendest not.”
Moses accepted the condition, and El Khoudr led him to the sea,
where was a ship at anchor. The prophet took a hatchet, and cut two
timbers out of her side, so that she foundered.
“What art thou doing?” asked Moses; “the people on board the ship
will be drowned.”
“Did I not say to thee that thou wouldst not remain patient for long?”
said the sage.
“Pardon me,” said Moses; “I forgot what I had promised.”
El Khoudr continued his course. Soon they met a beautiful child who
was playing with shells on the sea-shore. The prophet took a knife
which hung at his girdle, and cut the throat of the child.
“Wherefore hast thou killed the innocent?” asked Moses, in horror.
“Did I not say to thee,” repeated El Khoudr, “that thy journey with me
would be short?”
“Pardon me once more,” said Moses; “if I raise my voice again, drive
me from thee.”
After having continued their journey for some way, they arrived at a
large town, hungry and tired. But no one would take them in, or give
them food, except for money.
El Khoudr, seeing that the wall of a large house, from which he had
been driven away, menaced ruin, set it up firmly, and then retired.
Moses was astonished, and said, “Thou hast done the work of
several masons for many days. Ask for a wage which will pay for our
lodging.”
Then answered the old man, “We must separate. But before we part,
I will explain what I have done. The ship which I injured belongs to a
poor family. If it had sailed, it would have fallen into the hands of
pirates. The injury I did can be easily repaired, and the delay will
save the vessel for those worthy people who own her. The child I
killed had a bad disposition, and it would have corrupted its parents.
In its place God will give them pious children. The house which I
repaired belongs to orphans, whose father was a man of substance.
It has been let to unworthy people. Under the wall is hidden a
treasure. Had the tenants mended the wall, they would have found
and kept the treasure. Now the wall will stand till its legitimate
owners come into the house, when they will find the treasure. Thou
seest I have not acted blindly and foolishly.”
Moses asked pardon of the prophet, and he returned to his people in
the wilderness.[547]
The same story, with some variation in the incidents, is related in the
Talmud.
God, seeing Moses uneasy, called him to the summit of a mountain,
and deigned to explain to him how He governed the world. He bade
the prophet look upon the earth. He saw a fountain flowing at the
foot of the mountain. A soldier went to it to drink. A young man came
next to the fountain, and finding a purse of gold, which the soldier
had left there by accident, he kept it and went his way.
The soldier, having lost his purse, returned to search for it, and
demanded it of an old man whom he found seated by the spring. The
old man protested that he had not found it, and called God to witness
the truth of his assertion. But the soldier, disbelieving him, drew his
sword upon him and killed him.
Moses was filled with horror. But God said to him: “Be not surprised
at this event; this old man had murdered the father of the soldier; the
soldier would have wasted the money in riotous living; in the hands
of the youth it will serve to nourish his aged parents, who are dying
of poverty.”[548]

10. THE MISSION OF THE SPIES. (Numb. xiii. xiv.)

And the Lord spake with Moses, saying, “Send thou keen-sighted
men who may explore the land of Canaan, which I will give to the
children of Israel; one man for each tribe of their fathers shalt thou
send from the presence of all their leaders.”
And Moses sent them from the wilderness of Paran; all of them
acute men, who had been appointed heads over the sons of Israel.
And Moses said to them, “Go up on this side by the south, and
ascend the mountain, and survey the country, what it is, and the
people who dwell in it; whether they be strong or weak, few or many;
what the land is in which they dwell, whether good or bad; what the
cities they inhabit, whether they live in towns that are open or walled;
and the reputation of the land, whether its productions are rich or
poor, and the trees of it be fruitful or not; and do valiantly, and bring
back some of the fruit of the land.”
And the day on which they went was the nineteenth of the month
Sivan, about the days of the first grapes. They came to the stream of
the grapes in Eshkol, and cut from thence a branch, with one cluster
of grapes, and carried it on a rod between two men; and also of the
pomegranates and of the figs; and the wine dropped from them like a
stream.[549]
And when they returned, they related, “We have seen the land which
we are to conquer with the sword, and it is good and fruitful. The
strongest camel is scarcely able to carry one bunch of grapes; one
ear of corn yields enough to feed a whole family; and one
pomegranate shell could contain five armed men. But the inhabitants
of the land and their cities are in keeping with the productions of the
soil. We saw men, the smallest of whom was six hundred cubits
high. They were astonished at us, on account of our diminutive
stature, and laughed at us. Their houses are also in proportion,
walled up to heaven, so that an eagle could hardly soar above
them.”[550]
When the spies had given this report, the Israelites murmured, and
said, “We are not able to go up to the people, for they are stronger
than we.”
And the spies said, “The country is a land that killeth its inhabitants
with diseases; and all the people who are in it are giants, masters of
evil ways. And we appeared as locusts before them.”
And all the congregation lifted up their voices and wept; and it was
confirmed that that day, the ninth of the month Ab, should be one of
weeping for ever to that people; and it has ever after been one of a
succession of calamities in the history of the Jews.
“Would that we had died in the land of Egypt,” said the people;
“would that we had died in the wilderness. Why has the Lord brought
us into this land, to fall by the sword of the Canaanites, and our
wives and little ones to become a prey?”[551]
Then the Lord was wroth with the spies, and the earth opened her
mouth and swallowed them up, saving only Joshua and Caleb, who
had not given an evil report of the land.[552]
The account of the Targum of Palestine is different. The Targum says
that the men who had brought an evil report of the land died on the
seventh day of the month Elul, with worms coming from their navels,
and with worms devouring their tongues.[553]
The Rabbis relate that though for the wickedness of men the
fruitfulness of the Holy Land diminished, yet in places it remained as
great as of old. “The Raf Chiji, son of Ada, was the teacher of the
children of the Resch Lakisch; and once he was absent three days,
and the children were without instruction. When he returned, the
Resch Lakisch asked him why he had been so long absent. He
answered, ‘My father sent me to his vine, which is bound to a tree,
and I gathered from it, the first day, three hundred bunches of
grapes, which gave as much juice as would fill two hundred and
eighty and eight egg-shells (three gerabhs). Next day I cut three
hundred bunches, of which two gave one gerabh. The third day I cut
three hundred bunches, which yielded one gerabh of juice; and I left
more than half the bunches uncut.’ Then said the Resch Lakisch to
him, ‘If thou hadst been more diligent in the education of my children,
the vine would have yielded yet more.’
“Rami, son of Ezechiel, once went to the inhabitants of Berak, and
saw goats feeding under the fig-trees, and the milk flowed from their
udders, and the honey dropped from the figs, and the two mingled in
one stream. Then he said, ‘This is the land promised to our
forefathers, flowing with milk and honey.’
“The Rabbi Jacob, son of Dosethai, said that from Lud to Ono is
three miles, and in the morning twilight I started on my way, and I
was over ankles in honey out of the figs.
“The Resch Lakisch said that he had himself seen a stream of milk
and honey in the neighbourhood of Zippori, sixteen miles long and
the same breadth.
“The Rabbi Chelbo and Rabbi Avera and Rabbi Jose, son of
Hannina, once came to a place where they were offered a
honeycomb as large as the frying-pan of the village Heiro; they ate a
portion, they gave their asses a portion, and they distributed a
portion to any one who would take it.
“Rabbi Joshua, son of Levi, once came to Gabla, and saw grape-
bunches in a vineyard as big as calves, hanging between the vines,
and he said, ‘The calves are in the vineyard.’ But the inhabitants told
him they were grapes. Then said he, ‘O land, land! withdraw thy
fruits. Do not offer to these heathen those fruits which have been
taken from us on account of our sins.’
“A year after, Rabbi Chija passed that way, and he saw the bunches
like goats. So he said, ‘The goats are in the vineyard.’ But the
inhabitants said, ‘They are grape-bunches; depart from us and do
not unto us as did your fellow last year.’”[554]
 11. OF KORAH AND HIS COMPANY. (Numb. xvi.)

And the Lord said to Moses, “Speak to the sons of Israel, and bid
them make fringes not of threads, nor of yarn, nor of fibre, but after a
peculiar fashion shall they make them. They shall cut off the heads
of the filaments, and suspend by five ligatures, four in the midst of
three, upon the four corners of their garments, and they shall put
upon the edge of their garments a border of blue (or embroidery of
hyacinth).”[555]
But Korah, son of Ezhar, son of Kohath, son of Levi, with Dathan and
Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On, the son of Peleth, sons of
Reuben, refused to wear the blue border.
Moses had said, “The fringes are to be of white, with one line of
blue;” but Korah said, “I will make mine altogether of blue;” and the
two hundred and fifty men of the sons of Israel, who had been
leaders of the congregation at the time when the journeys and
encampments were appointed, supported Korah.[556]
Korah was a goldsmith, and Moses greatly honoured him, for he was
his cousin, and the handsomest man of all Israel. When Moses
returned from the Mount, he bade Korah destroy the calf; but the fire
would not consume it. Then Moses prayed, and God showed him the
philosopher’s stone, which is a plant that grows in great abundance
by the shores of the Red Sea, but none knew of its virtues before.
Now, this plant turns metals into gold, and also if a twig of it be cast
into gold, it dissolves it away. Moses instructed Korah in the virtues
of this herb. Then Korah dissolved the calf by means of it, but he
also used it to convert base metals into gold, and thus he became
very rich.
Korah had great quantities of this herb, and he made vast stores of
gold. He accumulated treasures. What he desired he bought, and he
surrounded himself with servants clad in cloth of gold. He built brick
houses with brass doors, and filled them to the roof with gold, and he
made his servants walk before him with the keys of his treasure-
houses hung round their necks. He had twenty men carrying these
keys; and still he increased in wealth, so he placed the keys on
camels; and when he still built more treasuries and turned more
substance into gold, he increased the number of keys to such an
extent that he had sixty camel loads of them. Moses knew whence
Korah derived his wealth, but the rest of the congregation of Israel
knew not.
After that, Korah did that which was wrong, and he broke the
commandment of Moses, and would have no blue border on his
servants’ tunics, but habited them in scarlet, and mounted them on
red horses. Neither did he confine himself to the meats which Moses
permitted as clean.
Then God ordered Moses to ask Korah to give one piece of money
for every thousand that he possessed. But Korah refused. This state
of affairs continued ten years. When his destiny was accomplished,
he was lifted up with pride, and he resolved to humble Moses before
all the people.
Now, there was among the children of Israel a woman of bad
character. Korah gave her large bribes, and said to her, “I will
assemble all the congregation, and bring Moses before them, and do
thou bring a false accusation against him.”
The woman consented.
Then Korah did as he had said; and when all the assembly of Israel
was gathered together, he spake against Moses all that the lying
witness had invented. Then he brought forth the woman. But when
she saw all the elders of the congregation before her, she feared,
and she said, “Korah hath suborned me with gold to speak false
witness against Moses, to cause him to be put to death.”
And when Korah was thus convicted, Moses cried, “Get yourselves
up and separate from him.” Then all the people fled away from him
on either side. And the earth opened her lips and closed them on
Korah’s feet to the ankles.
But Korah laughed, and said, “What magic is this?”
Moses cried, “Earth, seize him!”
Then the earth seized him to his knees.
Korah said, “O Moses! ask the earth to release me, and I will do all
thou desirest of me.”
But Moses was very wroth, and he would not hearken, but cried,
“Earth, seize him!”
Then the earth seized him to the waist.
Korah pleaded for his life. He said, “I will do all thou desirest of me,
only release me!”
But Moses cried again, “Earth, seize him!”
And the earth gulped him down as far as his breast, and his hands
were under the earth.
Once more he cried, “Moses! spare me and release me, because of
our relationship!”
Moses was filled with bitterness, and he bade the earth swallow him;
and he went down quick into the pit, and was seen no more.
Then, when Moses was returning thanks to God, the Lord turned His
face away from him and said, “Thy servant asked of thee forgiveness
so many times, and thou didst not forgive him.”
Moses answered, “O Lord, I desired that he should ask pardon of
Thee and not of me.”
The Lord said, “If he had cried but once to Me, I would have forgiven
him.”[557]
The earth swallowed Korah and seventy men, and they are retained
in the earth along with all his treasures till the Resurrection Day.
Every Thursday, Korah, Dathan, and Abiram go before the Messiah,
and they ask, “When wilt Thou come and release us from our
prison? When will the end of these wonders be?”
But the Messiah answers them, “Go and ask the Patriarchs;” but this
they are ashamed to do.[558]
They sit in the third mansion of Sheol, not in any lowest one; nor are
they there tormented, because Korah promised to hear and obey
Moses, as he was being engulfed.[559]
The Arabic name for Korah is Karoun, and under this name he has
returned to Rabbinic legends, and the identity of Korah and Karoun
has not been observed.
The Rabbis relate of Karoun that he is an evil angel, and that Moses
dug a deep pit for him in the land of Gad, and cast him into it. But
whenever the Israelites sinned, Karoun crept out of his subterranean
dwelling and plagued them.[560]
This is a curious instance of allegorizing upon a false interpretation
of a name. The Karoun of the Mussulmans is clearly identical with
Korah, but Karoun in Hebrew means Anger, and Karoun was
supposed to be the Angel of the Anger of the Lord, and the story of
his emerging from his pit to punish the sinful Israelites is simply a
figurative mode of saying that the anger of the Lord came upon
them.
 12. THE WARS OF THE ISRAELITES.

The children of Israel had many foes to contend with. Amongst these
were the Amorites. They hid in caves to form an ambuscade against
the people of God, intending, when the Israelites had penetrated into
a defile between two mountains, to sally forth upon them and to
overthrow them. But they did not know that the ark went before
Israel, smoothing the rough places and levelling the mountains.[561]
Now, when the ark drew near the place where the ambush was, the
mountains fell in upon the Amorites, and the Israelites passed on,
and knew not that they had been delivered from a great danger. But
there were two lepers named Eth and Hav, who followed the camp,
and they saw the blood bubbling out from under the mountain; and
thus the fate of the Amorites was made known.[562]
The Israelites found a redoubtable enemy in Og, king of Bashan,
who was one of the giants who had been saved from the old world
by clambering on the roof of the ark; but his weight had so
depressed the vessel, that Noah was obliged to turn out the
hippopotamus and rhinoceros to preserve the ark from foundering.
Og determined to destroy Moses. Moses was ten cubits in height,
and when Og came against him, he took a hatchet of ten cubits’
length, and he made a jump into the air, and hit Og on the ankle. Og
tore up a mountain, and put it on his head to throw it upon Moses;
but the ants ate out the inside of the mountain, and it sank over Og’s
head to his neck, and he could not draw his head out, for his teeth
grew into tusks and thrust through the mountain, and he was blinded
and caught as in a trap. Thus Moses was able to slay him.[563]
Some further details on Og, furnished by the Rabbis, will assist the
reader in estimating the powers of Moses.
At one meal, Og ate a thousand oxen and as many wild roes, and
his drink was a thousand firkins; one drop of the sweat from his brow
weighed thirty-six pounds.[564] Of his size the following authentic
details are given. The Rabbi Johanan said, “I was once a grave-
digger, and I ran after a deer, and went in at one end of a shin-bone
of a dead man, and I ran for three miles and could not catch the deer
or reach the end of the bone. When I went back, I inquired, and was
told that this was the shin-bone of Og, king of Bashan.”[565] The sole
of his foot was forty miles long. Once, when he was quarrelling with
Abraham, one of his teeth fell out, and Abraham made a bed out of
the tooth, and slept in it; but some say he made a chair out of it.[566]
When the Israelites came to Edrei and fought against it, in the night
Og came and sat down on the wall, and his feet reached the ground.
Next morning Moses looked out and said, “I do not understand how
the men of Edrei can have built a second wall so high during the
night.”
Then it was revealed to him that what he had taken for a wall was
Og.[567] Og had built sixty cities, and the smallest was sixty miles
high. These cities were in Argob.[568]
The Moabites also resisted Israel, and they were encouraged by
Balaam the son of Beor.
Balak, king of Moab, sent to Balaam to curse Israel. Then Balaam
rose in the morning and made ready his ass, and went with the
princes of Moab. The Mussulman account is that Balaam, having
been told by God not to go, resolved to obey, but the princes of
Moab bribed his wife, and she gave him no peace till he consented
to go to Balak with his messengers.[569] But the anger of the Lord was
kindled, because he would go to curse them, and the angel of the
Lord stood in the way to be an adversary to him. But he sat upon his
ass, and his two sons, Jannes and Jambres, were with him.
And the ass discerned the angel of the Lord standing in the way with
a drawn sword in his hand, and the ass turned aside out of the road
to go into the field; and Balaam smote the ass. And the angel of the
Lord stood in a narrow path that was in the midst between the
vineyards, in the place where Jacob and Laban raised the mound,
the pillars on this side and the observatory on that side,[570] that
neither should pass the limit to do evil to the other. And as the ass
discerned the angel of the Lord, and thrust herself against the
hedge, and bruised Balaam’s foot by the hedge, he smote her again.
Ten things were created after the world had been founded at the
coming in of the Sabbath between sunset and sunrise,—the manna,
the well, the rod of Moses, the diamond, the rainbow, the cloud of
glory, the mouth of the earth, the writing on the tables of the
covenant, the demons, and the speaking ass.
Then the Lord opened the mouth of the ass, and she said to Balaam,
“What have I done to thee, that thou hast smitten me twice?”
And Balaam said to the ass, “Because thou hast been false to me; if
there were now a sword in my hand, I would kill thee.”
And the ass said to Balaam, “Woe to thee, wanting in understanding!
Behold, thou hast not power with all thy skill to curse me, an unclean
beast, which am to die in this world and not to enter the world to
come; how much less canst thou curse the children of Abraham,
Isaac, and Jacob, on whose account the world was created?”[571]
Balaam finding that he could not curse the people, and that they
were under the protection of the Most High, saw that the only way to
ruin them was by leading them into sin. Therefore he advised Balak,
and the king appointed the daughters of the Midianites for the
tavern-booths at Beth Jeshimoth, by the snow mountain, where they
sold sweetmeats cheaper than their price. And Israel trafficked with
them for their sweet cakes; and when the maidens brought out the
image of Peor from their bundles, the Israelites did not notice it to
take it away, and becoming accustomed to it they went on to
sacrifice to it.[572]
And Moses saw one of the sons of Israel come by, holding a
Midianitess by the hand, and Moses rebuked him. Then said the
man, “What is it that is wrong in this? Didst not thou thyself take to
wife a Midianitess, the daughter of Jethro?”
When Moses heard this, he trembled and swooned away. But
Phinehas cried, “Where are the lions of the tribe of Judah?” and he
took a lance in his hand and slew the man and the woman.
Twelve miracles were wrought for Phinehas; but they need not be
repeated here.[573]
Then all the Israelites went forth against the Midianites and defeated
them; and when they numbered the slain, Balaam and his sons were
discovered among the dead.
 13. THE DEATH OF AARON. (Numb. xx. 22-29.)

Moses was full of grief when the word of the Lord came to him that
Aaron, his brother, was to die. That night he had no rest, and when it
began to dawn towards morning, he rose and went to the tent of
Aaron.
Aaron was much surprised to see his brother come in so early, and
he said, “Wherefore art thou come?”
Moses answered, “All night long have I been troubled, and have had
no sleep, for certain things in the Law came upon me, and they
seemed to me to be heavy and unendurable; I have come to thee
that thou shouldest relieve my mind.” So they opened the book
together and read from the first word; and at every sentence they
said, “That is holy, and great, and righteous.”
Soon they came to the history of Adam; and Moses stayed from
reading when he arrived at the Fall, and he cried bitterly. “O Adam,
thou hast brought death into the world!”
Aaron said, “Why art thou so troubled thereat, my brother? Is not
death the way to Eden?”
“It is however very painful. Think also, that both thou and I must
some day die. How many years thinkest thou we shall live?”
Aaron.—“Perhaps twenty.”
Moses.—“Oh no! not so many.”
Aaron.—“Then fifteen.”
Moses.—“No, my brother, not so many.”
Aaron.—“Then ten years.”
Moses.—“No, not so many.”
Aaron.—“Then surely it must be five.”