A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

SCHEME (SIWES) BY

OLALEYE TEMILOLUWA OBADARE

MATRIC NO: 1144

BEING A REPORT OF INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT BULLIVANT

ENGINEERING CO.LTD.

SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF INDUSRIAL TECHNOLOGY

EDUCATION, SCIENCE EDUCATION.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION.

BAMIDELE OLUMILUA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.SC/E) DEGREE IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
AUGUST 2023,- JANUARY 2024.

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES)
technical report was solely written by me under the guidance of my industry base
supervisor ENGR.
A. A. ADEKUNLE and ENGR. A. O TOSIN and my supervising lecturer DR. A. K.
THOMAS.

DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to Almighty GOD, for his mercies and blessings shown on
me before, during and after my SIWES program. I will also like to dedicate this report to
my parents, Mr. and Mrs. OLALEYE, for their financial support and parental guides
given to me always.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thank be to Almighty God for his blessing, guidance, protection, the courage and
the opportunity given to me for the successful completion of my SIWES program. I wish
to express my thanks to my beloved parents, Mr. and Mrs. OLALEYE, for their moral
and support toward the completion of this program. Lastly, I acknowledge the efforts of
my supervisors, ENGR. A.A. ADEKUNLE, ENGR. A. O. TOSIN, ENGR. MICHEL,
Mr.
ISHOLA, MR. BASSY and the entire staff of water treatment plant for their relevant
suggestion and contribution towards the completion of this program.

REPORT OVERVIEW

The report stated the objectives of SIWES which is to provide an avenue for student
in institution for students in a situation of higher learning to acquire industrial skills and
experience in their approved course of study and also to prepare students for the
industrial works situation which they are likely to meet after graduation. The report also
stated the description of the establishment of attachment and the work carried out during
the attachment period. More so, it also stated the problems encountered during the
iii
program
and also gave suggestion for improvement of the scheme.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE I

DECLARATION I

DEDICATION II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III

REPORT OVERVIEW III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IV

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO SIWES

1.1 BACKGROUND OF SIWES VII

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES VII
1.3 ROLES OF STUDENT DURING SIWES VIII
1.4 THE LOGBOOK VIII
1.5 SCOPE OF REPORT——————————————————IX
1.6 OBJECTIVE OF REPORT———————————————X

CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ATTACHMENT

2..1 DESCRIPTION OF BULLIVANT ENGINEERING CO.LTD X

2..2. GROUP MEMBERS OF BULLIVANT ENGINEERING CO.LTD X

2.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE ORGANIZATION XI

2.4. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE XII

2.5. THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS IN THE ORGANIZATION AND THEIR FUNCTIONS XIII

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CHAPTER THREE: WATER AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

3.1 RAW WATER SOURCE, WATER TREATMENT PLANT_______________________________3

3.1.2 STEPS INVOLVED IN WATER TREATMENT__________7

3.1.3 WATER TESTING METHODS___________________________________21

3.1.4 WORK DONE AT SOMOTEX WATER TREATMENT PLANT_______________________23

3.1.5 EXPERIENCES GAINED WATER TREATMENT PLANT_____________________________25

3.2. EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT______________________________________26

3.2.1 TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT__________________________________________26

3.2.2 DESCRIPTION OF EFFLUENT FLOW AND TREATMENT AT THE EFFLUENT

TREATMENT PLANT

3.2.3 SLUDGE_________________________________________________32

3.2.4. WORK DONE AT SOMOTEX EFFLUENT PLANT________34

3.3.2 REVERSE OSMOSIS_________________________________________36

3.3.3. RESIN FILTER__________________________________________________39

3.6. SAFETY AT WATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION_________________________45

3.6.1. HAZARDS In WATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION__________________________45

3.6.2. HOW TO ENSURE SAFETY AT EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT_____________________45

CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES

5.1 SUMMARY OF ATTACHMENT ACTIVITIES______________________62

5.2. CONCLUSION OF ATTACHMENT ACTIVITIES_______________63

5.3 RECOMMENDATION____________________________64

5.4. REFERENCES_______________________________65
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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

The student industrial work experience scheme is an approved academic training

program for several degree programs in Nigeria universities, polytechnics as well as
colleges. The aim of this activities was to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical
learning and to integrate both in order to yield a benefitting output for the student.
It exposes students to certain practical industrial experience in several degree
courses such as engineering (civil, mechanical, chemical etc.), agriculture (agriculture,
food science, forestry etc.), technological science, management science, social science,
medica science and other professional educational programs in Nigeria tertiary
institutions.
The minimum period for SIWES (student industrial work experience scheme) in
all departments is 24 weeks (6 months). Student industrial work experience scheme
(SIWES) is jointly coordinated by industrial training fund (ITF), Federal government and
National Universities Commission (NUC). It is highly funded by the Federal government.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

The objectives of student industrial work experience scheme include the following;
It exposes and prepares students for the work situation they are likely to face
after graduation.
It allows the student to apply their theoretical knowledge in real work practice

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thereby bridging the gap between tertiary institution work and actual work.

viii
 It exposes students to several safety measures and practices adopted
industrially, to prevent any form of hazard on staff and products.
It provides an avenue for students to acquire industrial skills and knowledge
in their chosen course of study.
It exposes the students to several machineries that are not usually found in
most tertiary institution as well as how to maintain and control the machines.
It enhances student contact for later job opportunity.

1.3 ROLES OF STUDENTS DURING SIWES

• To be diligent, honest, and take pride in protection of employer’s property

throughout attachment period.
• To be obedient to constituted authorities and adhere strictly to all rules and
regulations of the organization where the student is attached.
• To be regular and punctual at respective places of attachment.

1.4 THE LOGBOOK

The logbook is designed to make student keep accurate daily record of activities during
SIWES. The logbook is to be submitted to the industry-based supervisor every week and
at the end of each month for assessment. It must also be checked and signed by the
institution-based supervisor as well as an ITF officer before submission.

1.5 SCOPE OF REPORT

The scope of the report is to ensure that the purpose of the industrial experience is
accomplished and documented.
1.6 OBJECTIVE OF REPORT
The objective of the report is to ensure that details of the experience are presented,
documented as regards the responsibilities and information acquired during the industrial
training.
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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ATTACHMENT

2.0 LOCATION AND BRIEF HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION.

Bullivant engineering co.ltd is an engineering organization that deals with the

building of sump and water treatment, and providing a better clean and better
environment and a clean ocean.

Bullivant engineering is an establishment that was created in the year 2006

and as been in front to provide a better environment, They also deals with the
constructions of houses, water treatment plant, converting and creating space in a
building.

Bullivant engineering is located at number 2G obasa close, off obakran avenue ikeja
Lagos.

Bullivant engineering are involve in the construction of water treatment plant

for eg, afrigloba medicare lagos, somotex nigeria limited, mother and child
medicare, zenco real estate avenue alapere lagos, etc.

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2.3 BULLIVANT ENGINEERING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

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 

2.5 THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OR UNITS IN THE

ORGANIZATION AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.
Several departments in Bullivant engineering work hand in hand to ensure
perfect meet up to operational demands. These departments are situated in several areas
within the company.
 WATER TREATMENT PLANT: The plant was constructed for the
treatment of water and effluent water from the sludge. They deal mainly with
process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end
use. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components. Water
is treated to suit certain purposes in the company such as the following;
• For human consumption.
• For cleaning and sanitation.
• For vaccination.

 ADMINISTRATION: This is a department in the company where several

activities such as accounting, human relations, computerization, properties
(estate, insurance and licensing properties) and purchasing activities are
registered.
 WORKSHOP: This is a department of the company that ensures several
technical and engineering activities of the company are being executed. The
department is divided into several sections that deals with several technical
activities of the company (refrigeration and air conditioning, civil, transport,
farm work, carpentry, electrical, general utility service etc.)

 Store keeping: This is a department in the company that is responsible

for the keeping of the equipment used in the organization such as: circular
machine, cutting machine, gloves, helmet, safety boot etc.

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

ELECTRIC & CONTROLS: This is a section in the company where all

the electric connection take place, this section of the company is responsible
for the electric connection on site.

 PROJECT ENGINEERING: This is a section of the company

responsible for all technical and engineering aspect of the assigned project,
plaining, schedule, predict, and manage all the technical task of the project to
assure accurate, proper resources, and quality from start to finish.

 DESIGN & MANUFACTURING: This is a department that is

responsible for the design of the new project, with specific reference to the
manufacturing
processes behind it. They are also responsible for engineering of materials, graphic
design, ergonomics, and aesthetics of the project.

 MECHANICAL SERVICES: This is a department responsible for the

mechanical services of the company, they are in charge of the required mechanical
equipment on site.

 CIVIL & STRUCTURAL: This is a section in the company that

perform the major task in the company, they are responsible for the design,
and supervises the construction of public infrastructure. This section of the
company performs the following task: Creating design that the various
building materials. Analyzing maps, drawing and photographs to decide the
direction of the project and the budget limits.
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 

CLINIC: This is a section of the company where adequate medical facilities

are made available for staff and families.

CHAPTER 3

3.0 TREATMENT OF THE RAW WATER

Water treatment is a process of making water suitable for its application or
returning it to its natural state. Treatment of water is required before and after its
application and the type of treatment depends on its application.
Water treatment involves the removal of undesirable chemicals, biological
contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. It can also be
referred to as totality of effort made to ensure probability and wholesomeness of
water to suit particular purposes. It also involves science, engineering, business and
art. Science is the foundation and engineering involve in making sure that the
technology works as designed and the appearance of the water is the art involved
in the process. The treatment of an untreated water at BULLIVANT
ENGINEERING is done for several purposes such as o Domestic purposes:
drinking, cleaning, sanitation and Economic purposes.

Several methods are adopted for the treatment of an untreated water to

ensure the production of potable water. These methods include:
 Physical treatment method: This method involves the physical means to treat
water in terms of its aesthetic properties which are usually visible to the
naked eye. They include screening, sedimentation, filtration and distillation.

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 

 Chemical treatment method: involves the addition of chemicals to neutralize

the effect of harmful organic and inorganic impurities. They include
chlorination, neutralization, coagulation, and flocculation.
Biological treatment method: The use of biological means can be described
in two different manners which are to remove pathogens and other microbial
organisms as well as other impurities that cannot be removed by the two
methods above but only by the use of impermeable membrane known as
reverse osmosis method which is usually accompanied with physical and
chemical treatment methods.
1. The biological means of treating water is applicable at an effluent
treatment (where reclamation of water is done such as reclamation of water from
blood water from the poultry processing plant). Treatment of water BULLIVANT
ENGINEERING water treatment plant involves the application of all the three
methods at the same or different sections of the company, to ensure the production
of wholesome and potable water readily available to meet up with their various
purposes.

3.1 STEPS INVOLVED IN WATER TREATMENT

The major processes employed for the treatment of wastewater as well as effluent
water are briefly explained below.
1. SCREENING: This is done with the use of screens ( i.e. iron mesh) to ensure
the removal of large floating and suspended solids (roots, rags, can). The
screen box may be coarse or fine for removing large and fine solids that
can pass through it respectively. The screen box is connected to the suction
of a pumping machine.

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 FIG 3: SCREENS
2. DISINFECTION: This is a means of disinfecting, that is, killing harmful
pathogenic microorganism that be found present in filtered water to a level that no
infection of disease results when the water is further distributed for various purposes.
For an effective disinfection to take place, certain factors must be considered such
as type of water to be treated, organic matter and oxidized compounds or impurities
present in water, microbial load of the water, pH of the water as well as temperature.
Chlorine or ozone or ultraviolet light are the commonly used disinfectant.
Chlorine is an important chemical disinfectant, it is an oxidizing agent as well as
a bleaching agent which can be supplied in form of liquefied gas that has to
dissolve in water or in form of an alkaline solution called sodium hypochlorite, where
active reagent is usually 65-70% depending on the manufacturer.
A more powerful disinfectant is ozone, an unstable form of oxygen containing three
atom per molecule rather than two found in ordinary oxygen gas. Other commonly
used method of disinfection is the use of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation popularly
known UV light. The water is passed through banks of cylindrical quartz jacketed
fluorescent bulb which produces a strong enough UV light ( an electromagnetic
irradiation) in circulating water system, making the water unsuitable to microorganism
such as bacteria, viruses, mold and other pathogenic organism as it is mutagenic to
the microorganisms.

6
The effectiveness of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation depends on the following; 
The length of time a microorganism is exposed to the irradiation.
 The intensity and wavelength of the UV light.
 The presence of particles (dirt) in water that can protect the microorganism, therefore
requires proper filtration process before disinfection with the use of UV light.
 Microorganism ability to withstand during its exposure.
The only disadvantage of UV disinfection is that, treated water are not
resistant to re-infection compared to chlorinated water as it leaves no residue for
further disinfection.

FIG 4: UV LIGHT

3 . REGULATION OF pH : The regulation of water pH can be done at any point

during the treatment especially after the addition of other chemicals required for
other functions in the treatment of water. It can be done with the use of certain
chemicals such as lime and sodium bicarbonate. Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)2 is majorly
used bullivant engineering.

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 4. COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION: Involves the use of chemical
coagulants in water to ensure the rapid destabilization of soluble fine particles
and colloidal matter to form larger particles of insoluble gelatinous flocculants
from the water.
Flocculation is the process that brings about the collision between the destabilized
suspended and colloidal particles to form larger particles that can be removed readily
and easily..

FIG 5: CHEMICAL DOSING TANK

5. AERATION: This is done with the use of electro-mechanical device known as
aerator or blower. The machine is connected to a perforated pipe channeled under
the water in the reaction channel of the treatment facility (injection). It involves
bringing oxygen in contact with the water. An aerator is used basically for the
oxygenation of water alongside carrying out several other functions, which are as
follow:
 Increases the dissolved oxygen (DO) level of the water.
 It enhances clarification.
 Enhances thorough mixing of the water with chemical.
 Kills certain microorganism such as bacteria due to the agitation created in
the water.

8
  Improves color and taste and reduces odor caused by the presence of dissolved
gases in the water, such as hydrogen sulfide, and also oxidize and remove
organic matter.

FIG 6: BLOWER MACHINE

6. SEDIMENTATION OR CLARIFICATION: Basically involves the use of

clarifiers, which are designed in such a way to reduce the velocity of water flow
so as to permit suspended solids or flocs to settle out of the water by gravity.
The primary function of a clarifier is to provide settled water with the lowest
possible turbidity level. Clarifier is designed to efficiently remove undissolved
substances from water; removal is dependent upon density differences and is often
enhanced by chemical means.

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FIG 7: Indication of pipelines for sludge circulatory system
7. FILTRATION: Involves the use of filter tanks loaded with filter media, by
passing water through it. The primary objective of this process is to remove
suspended materials that must have escape through the sedimentation process.

FIG 9: FILTRATION UNIT

RAW WATER SOURCE (RIVER ODO ONA)

SCREENING

ELECTROMECHANICAL

PUMP

REACTION CHANNEL

CHLORINATION

NEUTRALIZATION COAGULATION

10
FLOCCULATION

11
 AERATION
SEDIMENTATION

FILTRATION

STORAGE

TANK

DISTRIBUTION

FLOW CHART ON TREATMENT OF WATER

WORK DONE AT BULLIVANT ENGINEERING WATER TREATMENT PLANT.

Bullivant engineering water treatment facility is designed and established to
ensure the renewal of waste water and surface water to produce potable water that
suit several operational purposes at various departments or unit of the department
in need of water. The work done under the production of potable and wholesome
water at the water treatment plant of BULLIVANT ENGINEERING include the
following:
 Maintenance and control of pumps power on and off.
 Backwashing of filters (reverse flow of water through filter media to flush
out contaminant from the filter).
 Oiling of pumps and frequent check of the engine oil.
 Clearance of the wires of screen boxes from blockage by certain suspended

12
 impurities present in water due to the pressure of the pump.
 Maintenance, control and operation of mechanical mixers attached to each
chemical tanks.

13
  Coupling of aerators with perforated pipes channeled to the beneath of
a reaction channel.
 Maintenance, control and operation of aerators connected with perforated
pipes to the reaction channel.
 Connection of submersible pumps at the reaction channel which takes water
back to the river only to prevent over flow of water at the reaction channel.
 Fixation and removal of new and old tube settler in sedimentation tanks
or clarifiers.

3.1.5 EXPERIENCES GAINED AT WATER TREAMENT PLANT

The experiences gained from the working activities carried out Bullivant
engineering water treatment plant is enormous and include the following;
 General knowledge and practical understanding of what water treatment
entails, especially having to understand the use of several equipment,
machineries and chemicals to ensure the proper treatment of water in order
to achieve the minimum water quality standards.
 Replacement of chemicals and organization of water treatment steps depending
on the type of problems associated with the untreated water.
 Treatment of water in the most efficient, most effective and most cost
effective manner.

3.2 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

Effluent is defined as a liquid waste from factories like textile, manufacturing,
cake, biscuit factories but in Bullivant engineering the principal effluent is blood
water. Bullivant engineering effluent treatment plant was invented and designed to
ensure the reclamation of water from blood water, obtained from the poultry
processing plant. The main purpose of the construction of an effluent treatment
14
 plant at Bullivant engineering is to prevent the redirect discharge of raw fowl water
into nearby stream or river or the environment.
3.2.1 TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT
The treatment of water to ensure the reclamation of water at the effluent
treatment plant is very similar to that of the water treatment plant and just few
processes brings about the difference between the two plants.
Four stages are involved in the treatment of effluent, which are as follows;
i. Physical treatment ii.
Chemical treatment iii.
Biological treatment iv.
Output treatment

Physical treatment methods involve the physical means, visible to the eye usually
carried out to ensure proper treatment of effluent. This includes screening, aeration,
sedimentation, filtration, hydraulic press.
Chemical treatment methods involve the use of certain chemicals of which it
reaction cannot be seen with the naked eyes, to ensure the proper treatment of
effluent. This involves the use of chemicals such as alum and lime for coagulation,
precipitation of metals and pH control. DAP (Di-ammonium phosphate) and urea is
usually used for the regeneration of dead bacteria cells in the bioreactor.
Biological treatment methods involve the culturing of micro- organisms with the
use of certain chemicals such as DAP and urea, which serve as food to the
microorganisms and actually make them to survive for more digestion of blood in
the bioreactor.

43.2.2 DESCRIPTION OF TREATMENT AT THE

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 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT OF BULLIVANT ENGINEERING
Effluent coming from the RAW water goes through a channel to the rendering
plant. At the rendering plant, Raw water passes through a pipe to the screening
machine which is used to separate any solid material or parts that must have found
its way to the effluent, then the effluent flows through a pipe to DAF ( Dissolve air
floatation) tank. In the DAF air is added to the effluent which forms bubbles making the
fats and oil present in the effluent float on the effluent then a scrapper is used to scrape
out the fats and oil floating on the effluent. But it is not 100% efficient. From the DAF
the effluent passes through a pipe to a flow channel which has screen mesh that is used to
further remove solid particles, and oil traps which are further used to remove oil and fats
from the effluent. The pH of thick blood is usually 7, but after passing through the
rendering plant and DAF, the pH is reduced to 6.5.
Effluent from the flow channel moves to the equalization tanks, it is like a chamber
where all effluent are temporarily stored which has blower lines (perforated pipes)
connected to a blower which introduce oxygen to the effluent for proper mixing,
improvement of color and reduction of odors.

3.2.3 SLUDGE
Sludge refers to the semi-solid or solid residue that is generated during the treatment
of wastewater or industrial effluents. It is a byproduct of the wastewater treatment process
and consists of both organic and inorganic materials.

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FIG.10 BIOREACTOR FIG.11 AERATOR

3.2.4 WORK DONE AT BULLIVANT ENGINEERING EFFLUENT

TREATMENT PLANT
Bullivant engineering effluent treatment facility was established to ensure the
reclamation of water from blood water from the toilet. The work done to ensure
efficient and effective effluent treatment operation include the following
 Maintenance and control of pumps and aerators power off and on.
 Clearance of the marshes along the collection channel away from feathers and
fat that might block the holes.
 Coupling of aerators with perforated pipes linked beneath the equalization tank.
 Measurement of chemicals with the use of measuring balance.
 Coupling of aerator to perforated pipes channeled to the reaction channel.
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  Packing of scum at the reaction channel.
 Packing of scum on the effluent water at the primary clarifier.
 Desludging and washing of primary clarifiers.
 Chemical tanks valve control.
 Connection of suspended aerators on the effluent water in the bioreactor.
 Application of chemicals such as DAP ( Di-ammonium phosphate) and urea
in the bioreactor.
 pH and alkalinity test of the effluent at the reaction channel.
 Control of the sludge collector rotational motion and speed.
 Desludging and washing of the secondary clarifier.
 Backwashing of filter tanks.
 Maintenance and control of hydraulic press machine.

3.2.5 REVERSE OSMOSIS

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable
membrane to remove dissolved solids, contaminants, and impurities from water. It
is widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications to produce
clean, purified water.

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 FIG12: RIVERSE OSMOSIS

3.2.6 RESIN FILTER: Resin filter are softeners. It is widely used in different
separation, purification and decontamination process which remove hardness from water
with the use of resin.
3.2.7 REGENERATION OF RESIN FILTER
Regeneration is a process that takes ion exchange resin heads that are exhausted
and removes ion that have been picked up during the in-service cycle so that resin can
continue to be used. Regeneration of resin filters, also known as ion exchange filters.
Regeneration of ion exchange resin bed involves multiple processes, which includes:
 Backwash
 Regeneration
 Rinse
 Service

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1. Backwashing: Before regeneration, the resin bed is typically backwashed to
remove any loose particles, debris, or sediment that may have accumulated on the surface
of the resin
2. Regeneration: The regeneration process involves passing a regenerant solution
through the resin bed to remove the accumulated contaminants and restore the resin's
capacity 3. Rinse: After the regeneration process, the resin bed is rinsed with clean water
to remove any residual regenerant and neutralize the Ph.
4. Service: Once the resin bed has been regenerated and rinsed, it is ready to be put back
into service for filtration. The regenerated resin filter can now effectively remove
contaminants from the fluid stream until it becomes exhausted again.

SAFETY AT WATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION HAZARDS IN

WATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION
• Slip or fall into pits, ponds, tanks or clarifiers causing injury or drowning.
• Falls or slip on slippery floor because of solvents or solution
• Hazards due to suffocation, deficiency of oxygen or poisoning.

3.6.2 HOW TO ENSURE SAFETY AT EFFLUENT TREATMENT

PLANT OPERATION.

• Use safety shoes with non-slippery soles.

• Wear protective and chemically resistant clothing to avoid exposure to liquids,
vapors or gases.
• Do not mix chemicals without supervision of chemist or safety professional.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

1 THE VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY OF BULLIVANT

ENGINEERING
The veterinary diagnostic laboratory was invented to ensure several serological test
on the water, as well as regular monitoring of the water and processing environment.
Several test and analysis are carried out with the use of several equipment to ensure
the conformity of farm and processing unit activity with standard specification of
the company as well as of the national bodies.
For active laboratory test and analysis, several sampling activities are carried out.
Sampling is carried out on the following;
 On the products of the company: such as water sample and feed
products sample.
 On the raw materials from different suppliers: such as sampling of
grains such as soy bean, maize, oil used in the production of poultry
feeds.
4.1.1 IMAGES OF SOME LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS

PLATE 1

PLATE 1- AUTOCLAVE: used to sterilize equipment by subjecting them to

highpressure saturated steam at 121ºc(249ºF) to kill bacteria, spores and germs resistant
to boiling water and powerful detergents.

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PLATE 2- CENTRIFUGE: is a piece of lab equipment driven by a motor which spins
liquids sample at higher speed. It is also used to separate lesser density.
PLATE 3- COLONY COUNTER: is a device used for counting colonies of bacteria
growing in a culture
PLATE 4- MOISTURE ANALYZER: is an ideal device to determine measure and the
amount of any masses well as the consistency of volatile and fixed substances with high
accuracy. It is mainly used in the industrial sector to analyze pastes, mass, wood and
control of materials.
PLATE 5- COMPOUND MICROSCOPE: a device used to view tiny things that
cannot be viewed with the visible eye.

PLATE 2 PLATE 3

PLATE 4 PLATE 5 o sample and pour it into a petri dish of the same labeling
which contains a media already. Spread it using a spreader, allow it to absorb, invert it
and incubate at a temperature of 370c for 18-24hrs.

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 Conclusion: If there is no growth on TSF and there is growth on MacConkey, it is due to cross
– contamination and the analysis must be redone.

CHAPTER 5

5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATION & REFERENCES

5.1 SUMMARY OF ATTACHMENT ACTIVITIES
Water treatment is an important aspect which must be applied domestically and
industrially to ensure consumption or use of wholesome and potable water for various
purposes.
To ensure that the treatment of water meet up to quality standards, several steps of
treating water must be applied and the steps include coagulation, flocculation
,sedimentation, aeration ,filtration and disinfection. Several chemicals and machineries as
well as engineering constructions can be used to ensure the production of wholesome and
potable water that actually meet up to standards and specification of national bodies.
Effluent treatment is also a waste management act designed to ensure the
reclamation of water from dirty water obtained from the environment processing plant
(Toilet). The steps used to ensure the treatment are closely related to that of
Water treatment and they include aeration, coagulation, pH regulation, sedimentation,
filtration. Several chemicals, machineries and constructions are use to ensure the proper
treatment of RAW water as a waste or an effluent.
The veterinary or chemical laboratory was invented to ensure several serological
test on the environment, as well as regular monitoring of the water and processing
environment. Several test and analysis are carried out with the use of several equipment
to ensure the conformity of water and processing unit activity with standard specification
of the company as well as of the national bodies. The test and analysis carried out include
water bacteriology, moisture content analysis, sanitation test, etc. The summary of
activities carried out at Bullivant engineering include water and waste water treatments,
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water softening, testing in lab for various purposes such as for vaccination,
constructions of buildings, cleaning and washing of equipment, washing of environment,
firefighting, hatching and drinking.

5.2 CONCLUSIONS OF ATTACHMENT ACTIVITES

The SIWES program undergone at Bullivant engineering greatly expose me to the
practical involved the treatment of water, effluent and some laboratory analysis. It has
been very educative, interesting, productive and impacting.
During the period of my SIWES internship, I have been able to obtain practical
and effective experience that their importance is very relevant to my course of study.
Through the SIWES internship, I have been able to acquire knowledge and more
comprehensive understanding about the working conditions in different departments,
organizations and industries in line with my course of study in Nigeria and the world at
large. I have been able to gain all these experiences and acquired relevant knowledge, not
only through direct involvement in task delegated to me, but through other aspects of
training such as Seminars, Workshops, interaction with colleagues, asking question from
my superiors and other people related to the field.
With all my experience at Bullivant engineering , I can boldly say that SIWES
primary aims and objectives has been achieved, because as a result of this program have
been able to familiarize myself with the working environment and am now confident to
carry out some task which are related to my course of study without been monitored.
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
Although SIWES program helps student to gain more practical experience and help to
link the gap between theory and practical experiences, the following are
recommended based on the program quality. They should provide more safety
equipment to prevent environmental and health hazards. Also, to Students that are to
undergo the Training, I recommend that they should take seriously because it is one
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of the most important parts

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 of their studies which will help them build a very significant and effective meaning in
their career pursuit

5.4 REFERENCES
1. Books
a. Baker JC (1926). “Chlorine in sewage and waste disposal”. Canadian
Engineer — Water & Sewage, 50:127–128.
b. Binnie, Chris, Kimber, Martin, & Smethurst, George. (2002). “Basic
water treatment” (3rd ed.). London: Thomas Telford Ltd.

c. USEPA (1986). Design Manual: “Municipal Wastewater Disinfection”.

Cincinnati, OH, Office of Research and Development, United
States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 625/1-86/021)
d. WHO (1992). Our Planet, Our Health: Report of the World Health
Organization commission on Health and Environment (Geneva, Health
Organization).
2. Web documents
a. Industrial Training Fund (2008). Student Industrial Work Experience
Scheme: http://www.odich.com/itfnig/siwes.php. Accessed October 20, 2014.sssssssssss
Industrial Training Fund (2008).Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) O
prerational Guidelines http://www.odich.com/itfnig/siwes.php.Accessed October 20,2014.

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