BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1-GBC II - Upper Floors
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1-GBC II - Upper Floors
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1-GBC II - Upper Floors
-Upper floors are supported either on walls or on columns, with the same flooring material as used for ground floor.
-Strength and stability is important and has to be such that the structural design of upper floors supports the loads
set up by the use of building, in addition to the self weight and weight of partitions
Top reinforcement
Reinforced brick flooring
The compressive strength of bricks is utilised to bear the compressive stress and steel bars are used to bear the tensile
stresses in a slab.
In other words, the usual cement concrete is replaced by the bricks.
However, since the size of a brick is limited, continuity in the slab is obtained by filling the joints between the bricks by
cement mortar.
The reinforcing bars are embedded in the gap between the bricks, which is filled with cement mortar. Such type of
construction is quite suitable and cheap for small span floor slabs carrying comparatively lighter loads.
The joint between the two layers of tile and brick is filled with cement mortar. Before use, the bricks should be thoroughly
soaked in water.
The reinforcing bars put in the joints should not come in contact with bricks.
When two layers of bricks are used, vertical joints in the bricks should be broken (staggered) so that slab does not shear
along the joint.
The bricks near the edge should rest half on the bearing wall so that vertical joint above the edge of the wall is avoided.
First class bricks should be used for such a work. Cement mortar used to fill the joints etc. should be of 1 : 3 ratio, with
proper water-cement ratio to make the mortar workable. The width of the joint between adjacent bricks is generally kept
equal to 2 cm.
The compressive strength of reinforced brick work is sometimes increased by providing wider gap (say about 4 cm)
between the bricks, and providing 2.5 to 5 cm thick layer of cement concrete on the top of the bricks
REINFORCED BRICK SLAB.
Beam-slab flooring
When the width of room becomes more, the span of slab increases, and simple R.C.C. slab becomes uneconomical, the
floor structure consists of R.C.C. beams and slabs cast monolithically.
The beams, known as T-beams, act as intermediate supports to the slab which is continuous over these beams.
When the size of the room is very large, these floor beams are supported on longitudinal beams which, in turn, are
either supported on R.C.C. columns or end walls.
BEAM SLAB FLOOR
-A two way spanning slab is supported by beams on all the four sides and the loads are carried by the supports along
with both directions. The ratio of the longer length to the shorter one is less than 2. In two way slabs, the load will be
carried in both the directions. So, the main reinforcement is provided in both directions for two way slabs.
Example: These types of slabs are used in constructing floors of a multistoried building.
2 b)HOLLOW BLOCK/POT FLOOR
-This floor is in essence a ribbed floor with permanent
formwork in form of hollow clay or concrete pots.
-Hollow clay pot slabs are usually constructed with fewer
concrete and reinforcement compare with solid slab.
Hollow blocks are used to fill portions of the slab thickness;
this results in deeper the amount of concrete and hence the
weight of the slab
-The main advantage is that it has a flat soffit suitable for
application of a plaster finish.
-The voids in the pots can be used to house small diameter
services within the overall depth of the slab.
-They can be designed as one or two way spanning slabs
Laying and arrangement of hollow blocks: This is done according to the structural drawing
-Trimming;
This is the framing of joists
around an opening or projection.
FLOOR COVERING
-Various materials can be used for floor cover/finish, which include:
1. Concrete
2. Terrazzo
3. Tiles
4. Marble
5. Granolithic finish
6. Asphalt
7. Wood or Timber
8. Rubber
9. Muram
10. Bricks
11. Linoleum flooring
12. Plastic or P.V.C
13. Glass
14. Cork flooring
FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF FLOOR COVER
1.Durability
The floor should have sufficient resistance to wear, temperature changes, disintegration with time and decay for it to last
long
2. Damp Resistance
The floor should offer sufficient resistance against dampness, to obtain a healthy environment in the building.
3.Cost
-The cost of material should be in conformity with the type of building and its likely use.
4.Apperance
The covering should give a pleasant appearance and a desired color effect.
5.Cleanliness
-The floor should be capable of being cleaned easily and should be non-absorbent.
6.Thermal insulation
-It should offer reasonably good thermal insulation so that comfort is imparted to the residents of the building.
7.Fire resistance
-It is crucial for upper floors and should provide sufficient fire resistance so that fire barriers are obtained between
different levels of the building.
8.Sound insulation
-It should insulate the noise and should not be such that noise is produced when users walk on it.
9.Maintenance
The flooring cover should require least maintenance and if repairs are required, they should be easily done.