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 Chapter 6: Attraction and Love

6.1 Multiple Choice

1) The “Attraction and Love” chapter in your text begins with an examination of
A) long-term love affairs.
B) the power of love to heal.
C) the difference between liking and loving.
D) the power of sexual attraction in our lives.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 175
Skill: Factual

2) According to the text, a major component in people’s ratings of attraction is

A) intelligence.
B) physical appearance.
C) personality.
D) family background.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 175
Skill: Factual

3) Regarding beauty, research suggests

A) it is completely in the eye of the beholder.
B) it is partly in the eye of the beholder and partly a function of cultural standards.
C) our tastes are completely subjective.
D) most people operate under the “don't judge a book by its cover” assumption.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 176
Skill: Factual

4) In the United States, which attribute do women find particularly attractive in men?
A) Muscularity
B) Brown eyes
C) Tallness
D) Sculpted facial bones
Answer: C
Page Ref: 176
Skill: Factual

5) Which of the following statements is accurate regarding how female weight is viewed?
A) Slender figures are as attractive by females and males.
B) Most societies value plump women.
C) Wide hips were not found appealing in any culture.
D) In our culture, anorexic thinness is the ideal.

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 178
Skill: Conceptual

6) Lesbian and bisexual women tend to prefer waist-to-hip ratios that are ________ than what
heterosexual men tend to prefer.
A) smaller
B) larger
C) about the same but on thinner women
D) about the same but on larger women
Answer: D
Page Ref: 179
Skill: Factual

7) Love that is characterized by selfless giving is called

A) eros.
B) agape.
C) ludus.
D) pragma.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Factual

8) Heterosexual women at the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle rated men’s voices for
attractiveness. Which of the statements below accurately describes their preferences?
A) They rated higher voices as more attractive.
B) They rated voices with a southern accent as more attractive.
C) They rated deeper voices as more attractive.
D) They rated voices with a foreign accent as more attractive.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 180
Skill: Factual

9) Which is true regarding the preferred female figure in the United States?
A) The hour-glass figure is viewed as most attractive and desirable for relationships.
B) Wide hips and a broad pelvis are widely recognized as sexually appealing.
C) Very thin women without curves are considered highly attractive and desirable.
D) Slightly obese women are viewed as attractive and desirable for long-term relationships.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 179
Skill: Conceptual

10) Which statement is true about male preferences for women’s breast size, on average?
A) Males prefer women with huge breasts.
B) Males prefer women with larger breasts, but not huge breasts.
C) Males do not show a preference for large breasts in controlled research.

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
D) Males were mixed in breast size preferences, with only some preferring larger breasts.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 180
Skill: Conceptual

11) All of the following have been found to contribute to men’s perception of female facial
attractiveness except which of the following?
A) High cheekbones
B) Large eyes
C) Eyes set closer together
D) Narrow jaws
Answer: C
Page Ref: 177
Skill: Conceptual

12) According to the text, ratings of someone’s attractiveness tend to be higher if they are
A) laughing.
B) smiling.
C) looking confident.
D) not looking down.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Conceptual

13) In terms of attractiveness, cross-cultural research suggests that

A) certain facial features typify beauty universally.
B) larger body sizes typify beauty universally.
C) personality is rated as the most attractive quality universally.
D) a fit, well-developed musculature is universally accepted as attractive.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Conceptual

14) Which of the following features appears to be associated with attractiveness of women
universally?
A) Large eyes
B) Wide jaw
C) Large upper and lower lips
D) A small distance between the eyes
Answer: A
Page Ref: 177
Skill: Factual

15) Cross-culturally, men tend to place greater emphasis on ________ in their preferences for a
mate, and women tend to place greater emphasis on ________ in their preferences for a mate.
A) earning capacity; intelligence

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
B) physical attractiveness; youth
C) youth; physical attractiveness
D) youth; earning capacity
Answer: D
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Conceptual

16) In all 37 cultures studied by David Buss, which was true for men in terms of choosing a
potential mate?
A) Men placed great value on a female’s earning potential.
B) Men placed great value on a female’s “good looks.”
C) Men placed more value on honesty than intelligence.
D) Men placed more value on fidelity than kindness.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Factual

17) Almost universally, men prefer

A) younger women.
B) slender women.
C) intelligent women.
D) submissive women.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Factual

18) Almost universally, women prefer

A) younger men.
B) muscular men.
C) older men.
D) men with large penises.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

19) According to evolutionary psychologist David Buss, male interest in younger women
A) began shortly after the industrial revolution.
B) occurs in both preliterate societies.
C) occurs mainly in preliterate and Third World societies.
D) is changing as we enter the new millennium.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 176
Skill: Applied

20) Evolutionary psychologists believe that some of men’s preferences in female mates may
have evolved because these characteristics are associated with a woman’s

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
A) ability to provide.
B) reproductive capacity.
C) ability to nurture children.
D) ability to offer him a satisfying sex life.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Conceptual

21) Across several studies, males and females were rated as more attractive when
A) their behaviors fit gender-role expectations for their gender.
B) their behavior was dominant in interpersonal interactions.
C) they demonstrated the ability to be self-expressive.
D) they demonstrated the ability to be passive in a confrontational setting.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Conceptual

22) In addition to physical features, men’s and women’s ratings of each other’s attractiveness
appears to depend on
A) personality.
B) honesty.
C) gender-role expectations.
D) dominance.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Factual

23) In one study, highly feminine women were more likely to be attracted to which type of man?
A) Dominant “macho” men
B) Demure passive men
C) Emotionally expressive men
D) Submissive men
Answer: A
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Applied

24) According to the text, perceptions of physical attractiveness can even be affected by an
individual’s
A) choice of friends.
B) name.
C) family of origin.
D) political stance.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Factual

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
25) According to the text, all things being equal, which of the following names would likely be
rated as least attractive?
A) Kathy
B) Jennifer
C) Emily
D) Ethel
Answer: D
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Factual

26) In choosing a potential mate, men place greater emphasis than women on
A) expressiveness.
B) physical attraction.
C) kindness.
D) earning potential.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 186
Skill: Factual

27) Research has shown that women were more likely than men to indicate they would marry
someone who
A) was not likely to hold a steady job.
B) was younger than them.
C) was of a different religion.
D) was not good looking.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Conceptual

28) Which statement most accurately reflects mate selection by women?

A) Women will overlook a potential partner’s job status if there is sufficient romance.
B) Women will overlook a man's family of origin if he is attractive enough.
C) Women will overlook unattractive looks if a potential partner has steady earning potential.
D) Women will overlook a man’s educational background if he has youth and attractiveness.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Applied

29) When searching for a long-term, meaningful relationship, which quality was rated most
important by men?
A) Honesty
B) Kindness
C) Physical attractiveness
D) Humor
Answer: C
Page Ref: 184

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Skill: Factual

30) In choosing a potential mate, women place greater emphasis than men on
A) frugality.
B) physical attractiveness.
C) earning potential.
D) youth.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Factual

31) You are more likely to become romantically involved with another who
A) possesses characteristics opposite to your own.
B) possesses characteristics similar to your own.
C) is far more attractive than you.
D) lives several states away from you.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

32) In terms of mate selection, the attraction-similarity hypothesis proposes that people tend to
develop romantic relationships with people who are similar in
A) physical attractiveness.
B) cultural background.
C) interests.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Conceptual

33) The attraction-similarity hypothesis predicts that people

A) seek out others who live close to them geographically.
B) are attracted to others who share their level of attractiveness.
C) seek out others who have similar values and morals.
D) are attracted to people who are wealthier than they are.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Conceptual

34) According to the text, the majority of people in America had sexual partners who
A) had different educational backgrounds than themselves.
B) were of different races.
C) were the same age as themselves.
D) were of the same race or cultural background.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 185

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Skill: Conceptual

35) Generally speaking, which of the following is similar between sex and marriage partners?
A) Ethnicity
B) Age
C) Education
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Conceptual

36) According to the text, the preferred age differences between marriage partners is when
A) husbands are 5–10 years older than wives.
B) husbands are 2–5 years older than wives.
C) husbands are the same age as wives.
D) wives are 1–2 years older than husbands.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

37) The concept of “like marrying like” is termed

A) heterogeneity.
B) monogamy.
C) homogamy.
D) likeagamy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

38) People tend to like each other when

A) they have different attitudes that they can share.
B) they share some attitudes, but have others that they can debate.
C) they share similar attitudes.
D) they share no attitudes.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Applied

39) In comparing the common sense notions that “opposites attract” and “birds of a feather flock
together,” research results support which of the following?
A) “Birds of a feather flock together” tends to be true.
B) “Opposites attract” tends to be true.
C) Both statements tend to be true.
D) Neither statement tends to be true. We can never predict attraction because it is a mystery.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 186

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Skill: Applied

40) Your instructor suggests that many students in the class will find their mates in their
classrooms, dorms, or neighborhoods. Your instructor’s observation is referring to research
findings for
A) the validation hypothesis.
B) the neighborhood hypothesis.
C) the association hypothesis.
D) propinquity, or proximity.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 186
Skill: Applied

41) The idea behind reciprocity of attraction can be paraphrased as,

A) “I like you because I see you every day.”
B) “I like you because we share similar attitudes.”
C) “You are the type of person I would like to be.”
D) “I like you because you like me.”
Answer: D
Page Ref: 187
Skill: Conceptual

42) Of the following, which is the best example of the propinquity effect?
A) Marcie is attracted to Justin because they look alike.
B) Maria and Jose are friends because they both have wealthy parents.
C) Rob and Laura attended the same college and married each other.
D) Chris and Bob both like professional basketball.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 187
Skill: Conceptual

43) The concept of reciprocity of attraction is based on the fact that

A) people need to feel that others like them at the same time they like them.
B) people need to feel that they are loved more than they love others.
C) people need to feel worthy of love.
D) people need to love others unconditionally.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 187
Skill: Conceptual

44) The idea of reciprocity in interpersonal relationships suggests that we like people who
A) like us back.
B) are attractive.
C) know the law.
D) are nearby.
Answer: A

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Page Ref: 187
Skill: Conceptual

45) Shanice wants her boyfriend to like her more. She reads about reciprocity in her Human
Sexuality class and decides to try putting it to the test. Which of the following would be an
example of Shanice trying to use reciprocity in her relationship?
A) Shanice buys new clothes and goes to a spa to try to be especially attractive for their next date.
B) Shanice tries making her boyfriend jealous by kissing another man in front of him.
C) Shanice tries complimenting her boyfriend more frequently and watches to see if he returns
the sentiments.
D) Shanice moves into the apartment complex across the street from where her boyfriend lives in
an attempt to be closer to him.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Applied

46) Sarah feels greatly admired by her partner, Susan. When Susan gives her compliments about
her abilities, she feels motivated to support and compliment Susan. This type of exchange in
relationships is called
A) social exchange.
B) storge.
C) reciprocity.
D) agape.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Applied

47) Two people meet for the first time at a bar and immediately become lovers that night. They
both feel passion for the other but, alas, the relationship likely will not last very long as they are
likely in which style of love?
A) Storge
B) Agape
C) Ludus
D) Eros
Answer: D
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Applied

48) Partners are selected in a down-to-earth, businesslike way is the style of love known as
A) eros.
B) pragma.
C) storge.
D) agape.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Factual

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49) The type of love that binds friends, parents, and children through attachment or deep
friendship is called
A) agape.
B) storge.
C) philia.
D) eros.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Factual

50) Michael seems to be always “in love.” In the last several years, he has been “head over
heels” three times for three different women. The relationships generally last only a couple of
months because as the passion dies down a bit, Michael becomes bored and begins to insist that
he has “fallen out of love.” Michael’s approach to love can best be described as
A) eros.
B) agape.
C) storge.
D) philia.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Applied

6.2 True/False

1) Research has found the color that is rated as most arousing is light pink.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 178
Skill: Factual

2) In the United States, both men and women find slenderness an important component of
physical attraction.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 178
Skill: Factual

3) Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

Answer: True
Page Ref: 176
Skill: Applied

4) Lesbians tend to prefer women with waist-to-hip ratios that are very similar to the ratios
preferred by heterosexual men.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 179
Skill: Factual

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
5) A smile may affect ratings of attractiveness of women and men.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Factual

6) Cross-culturally, women have more romantic ideals of what is attractive in a mate than do
men.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 189
Skill: Conceptual

7) Across cultures, men tend to be older than the women they marry.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

8) Highly feminine women are more likely to be attracted to dominant, “macho” men.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Applied

9) The evolutionary view of gender differences in preferences for mates is largely speculative
and not fully consistent with the evidence.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Applied

10) Women who are randomly assigned unique names like Harriet and Gertrude are rated as
more attractive than women assigned names like Christine and Jennifer.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Applied

11) Physical appeal is the most important trait people seek in partners for long-term relationships.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 184
Skill: Factual

12) People are more likely to be attracted to someone who possesses characteristics that are
different than their own.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
13) According to the text, we are more likely to be attracted to people who disagree with our
views and tastes than to people who share them.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Conceptual

14) Approximately 20% of European American men have relationships with women who are not
of European American descent.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

15) The concept of “like marrying like” is termed “monotomy.”

Answer: False
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Applied

16) Men and women are likely to marry someone who has similar education as they do.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

17) When people marry late or remarry, the age difference between spouses is less predictable.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 186
Skill: Factual

18) The person with whom an individual ends up having a relationship will likely be a person
that lives nearby.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 186
Skill: Conceptual

19) According to the bulk of social psychological research, opposites always attract.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 186
Skill: Conceptual

20) The propinquity effect predicts that you might be more like to fall in love with the boy or girl
next door rather than someone far away.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 186
Skill: Factual

21) Reciprocity of attraction means you like someone more when you find out that he or she
likes you.

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Conceptual

22) People tend to like others who compliment them.

Answer: True
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Conceptual

23) Agape is a selfless love.

Answer: True
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Factual

24) According to the Greek words for different types of love, Philadelphia should be a city full of
friends (if the city was named accurately).
Answer: True
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Factual

25) It is normal for passionate love to evolve into a more intimate and committed love in long-
term relationships.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Conceptual

26) Researchers are examining the changes in brain chemistry that might occur when one falls in
love.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 191
Skill: Conceptual

27) According to Sternberg, a person feeling ludus love might change partners relatively often.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 192
Skill: Conceptual

28) According to Sternberg, consummate love is composed of commitment and intimacy.

Answer: False
Page Ref: 193
Skill: Conceptual

29) Sternberg’s triangle model is used primarily to determine if a relationship will have longevity.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 193
Skill: Conceptual

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
30) Infatuation is typified by strong sexual desire but not by intimacy and commitment.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 193
Skill: Conceptual

6.3 Short Answer

1) List the factors, besides physical appeal, in sexual attraction as described in this chapter.
Page Ref: 176
Skill: Factual

2) Describe what is considered beautiful in the African tribes of Khoikhoi and Nama.
Page Ref: 176
Skill: Conceptual

3) Describe what researchers found about axillary odors and attraction.

Page Ref: 181
Skill: Conceptual

4) Describe how pheromones affect emotional responses.

Page Ref: 183
Skill: Conceptual

5) Describe the attraction-similarity hypothesis.

Page Ref: 185
Skill: Factual

6) Describe how important things like slenderness, height, and money are to people seeking a
mate.
Page Ref: 177–178
Skill: Conceptual

7) Describe attraction toward women who are ovulation vs. women who are not ovulating.
Page Ref: 182
Skill: Conceptual

8) Describe the allure of the color red.

Page Ref: 178
Skill: Conceptual

9) Describe what researchers found about men’s preference for women with small, medium, or
large breasts, as well as the color of the areolae.
Page Ref: 180
Skill: Conceptual

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
10) How does male perspiration prime women’s emotional responses?
Page Ref: 183
Skill: Conceptual

6.4 Essay

1) Discuss how the chapter describes the attitudes of “opposites attract” and “birds of a feather
flock together.”
Page Ref: 186–188
Skill: Factual

2) Compare the Greek’s meanings of love: storge, agape, philia, and eros.
Page Ref: 188–189
Skill: Factual

3) Compare and contrast love and infatuation.

Page Ref: 189–190
Skill: Factual

4) Describe the bodily changes that occur when we experience feelings of romantic love.
Page Ref: 190–191
Skill: Factual

5) Describe the simultaneous events that allow the perception that one has fallen in love.
Page Ref: 191
Skill: Conceptual

6) Compare and contrast the styles of love.

Page Ref: 192
Skill: Factual

7) Describe Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love.

Page Ref: 192–193
Skill: Factual

8) Describe the practical side of attraction seen in the propinquity and reciprocity explanations
for attraction.
Page Ref: 186
Skill: Applied

9) Give an example for each of the components in Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love.
Page Ref: 194
Skill: Conceptual

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Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
10) For each of the Greek’s four concepts related to the modern meaning of love, describe an
applicable example that you have (or could) see in your life (not necessarily just you). Then, give
an example from a TV show or movie that you have seen these types of love.
Page Ref: 188
Skill: Conceptual

17
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 To purchase a licentious libertie.
But vertuous women wisely vnderstand,
That they were borne to base humilitie,
Vnlesse the heauens them lift to lawfull soueraintie.

Thus there long while continu’d Artegall, xxvi

Seruing proud Radigund with true subiection;
How euer it his noble heart did gall,
T’obay a womans tyrannous direction,
That might haue had of life or death election:
But hauing chosen, now he might not chaunge.
During which time, the warlike Amazon,
Whose wandring fancie after lust did raunge,
Gan cast a secret liking to this captiue straunge.

Which long concealing in her couert brest, xxvii

She chaw’d the cud of louers carefull plight;
Yet could it not so thoroughly digest,
Being fast fixed in her wounded spright,
But it tormented her both day and night:
Yet would she not thereto yeeld free accord,
To serue the lowly vassall of her might,
And of her seruant make her souerayne Lord:
So great her pride, that she such basenesse much abhord.

So much the greater still her anguish grew, xxviii

Through stubborne handling of her loue-sicke hart;
And still the more she stroue it to subdew,
The more she still augmented her owne smart,
And wyder made the wound of th’hidden dart.
At last when long she struggled had in vaine,
She gan to stoupe, and her proud mind conuert
To meeke obeysance of loues mightie raine,
And him entreat for grace, that had procur’d her paine.

Vnto her selfe in secret she did call xxix

Her nearest handmayd, whom she most did trust,
And to her said; Clarinda whom of all
 I trust a liue, sith I thee fostred first;
Now is the time, that I vntimely must
Thereof make tryall, in my greatest need:
It is so hapned, that the heauens vniust,
Spighting my happie freedome, haue agreed,
To thrall my looser life, or my last bale to breed.

With that she turn’d her head, as halfe abashed, xxx

To hide the blush which in her visage rose,
And through her eyes like sudden lightning flashed,
Decking her cheeke with a vermilion rose:
But soone she did her countenance compose,
And to her turning, thus began againe;
This griefes deepe wound I would to thee disclose,
Thereto compelled through hart-murdring paine,
But dread of shame my doubtfull lips doth still restraine.

Ah my deare dread (said then the faithfull Mayd) xxxi

Can dread of ought your dreadlesse hart withhold,
That many hath with dread of death dismayd,
And dare euen deathes most dreadfull face behold?
Say on my souerayne Ladie, and be bold;
Doth not your handmayds life at your foot lie?
Therewith much comforted, she gan vnfold
The cause of her conceiued maladie,
As one that would confesse, yet faine would it denie.

Clarin (sayd she) thou seest yond Fayry Knight, xxxii

Whom not my valour, but his owne braue mind
Subiected hath to my vnequall might;
What right is it, that he should thraldome find,
For lending life to me a wretch vnkind;
That for such good him recompence with ill?
Therefore I cast, how I may him vnbind,
And by his freedome get his free goodwill;
Yet so, as bound to me he may continue still.

Bound vnto me, but not with such hard bands xxxiii
 Of strong compulsion, and streight violence,
As now in miserable state he stands;
But with sweet loue and sure beneuolence,
Voide of malitious mind, or foule offence.
To which if thou canst win him any way,
Without discouerie of my thoughts pretence,
Both goodly meede of him it purchase may,
And eke with gratefull seruice me right well apay.

Which that thou mayst the better bring to pas, xxxiv

Loe here this ring, which shall thy warrant bee,
And token true to old Eumenias,
From time to time, when thou it best shalt see,
That in and out thou mayst haue passage free.
Goe now, Clarinda, well thy wits aduise,
And all thy forces gather vnto thee;
Armies of louely lookes, and speeches wise,
With which thou canst euen Ioue himselfe to loue entise.

The trustie Mayd, conceiuing her intent, xxxv

Did with sure promise of her good indeuour,
Giue her great comfort, and some harts content.
So from her parting, she thenceforth did labour
By all the meanes she might, to curry fauour
With th’Elfin Knight, her Ladies best beloued;
With daily shew of courteous kind behauiour,
Euen at the markewhite of his hart she roued,
And with wide glauncing words, one day she thus him proued.

Vnhappie Knight, vpon whose hopelesse state xxxvi

Fortune enuying good, hath felly frowned,
And cruell heauens haue heapt an heauy fate;
I rew that thus thy better dayes are drowned
In sad despaire, and all thy senses swowned
In stupid sorow, sith thy iuster merit
Might else haue with felicitie bene crowned:
Looke vp at last, and wake thy dulled spirit,
To thinke how this long death thou mightest disinherit.

Much did he maruell at her vncouth speach, xxxvii

Whose hidden drift he could not well perceiue;
And gan to doubt, least she him sought t’appeach
Of treason, or some guilefull traine did weaue,
Through which she might his wretched life bereaue.
Both which to barre, he with this answere met her;
Faire Damzell, that with ruth (as I perceaue)
Of my mishaps, art mou’d to wish me better,
For such your kind regard, I can but rest your detter.

Yet weet ye well, that to a courage great xxxviii

It is no lesse beseeming well, to beare
The storme of fortunes frowne, or heauens threat,
Then in the sunshine of her countenance cleare
Timely to ioy, and carrie comely cheare.
For though this cloud haue now me ouercast,
Yet doe I not of better times despeyre;
And, though (vnlike)[293] they should for euer last,
Yet in my truthes assurance I rest fixed fast.

But what so stonie mind (she then replyde) xxxix

But if in his owne powre occasion lay,
Would to his hope a windowe open wyde,
And to his fortunes helpe make readie way?
Vnworthy sure (quoth he) of better day,
That will not take the offer of good hope,
And eke pursew, if he attaine it may.
Which speaches she applying to the scope
Of her intent, this further purpose to him shope.

Then why doest not, thou ill aduized man, xl

Make meanes to win thy libertie forlorne,
And try if thou by faire entreatie, can
Moue Radigund? who though she still haue worne
Her dayes in warre, yet (weet thou) was not borne[294]
 Of Beares and Tygres, nor so saluage mynded,
As that, albe all loue of men she scorne,
She yet forgets, that she of men was kynded:
And sooth oft seene, that proudest harts base loue hath blynded.

Certes Clarinda, not of cancred will, xli

(Sayd he[295]) nor obstinate disdainefull mind,
I haue forbore this duetie to fulfill:
For well I may this weene, by that I fynd,
That she a Queene, and come of Princely kynd,
Both worthie is for to be sewd vnto,
Chiefely by him, whose life her law doth bynd,
And eke of powre her owne doome to vndo,
And als’ of princely grace to be inclyn’d thereto.

But want of meanes hath bene mine onely let, xlii

From seeking fauour, where it doth abound;
Which if I might by your good office get,
I to your selfe should rest for euer bound,
And readie to deserue, what grace I found.
She feeling him thus bite vpon the bayt,
Yet doubting least his hold was but vnsound,
And not well fastened, would not strike him strayt,
But drew him on with hope, fit leasure to awayt.

But foolish Mayd, whyles heedlesse of the hooke, xliii

She thus oft times was beating off and on,
Through slipperie footing, fell into the brooke,
And there was caught to her confusion.
For seeking thus to salue the Amazon,
She wounded was with her deceipts owne dart,
And gan thenceforth to cast affection,
Conceiued close in her beguiled hart,
To Artegall, through pittie of his causelesse smart.

Yet durst she not disclose her fancies wound, xliv

Ne to himselfe, for doubt of being sdayned,
 Ne yet to any other wight on ground,
For feare her mistresse shold[296] haue knowledge gayned,
But to her selfe it secretly retayned,
Within the closet of her couert brest:
The more thereby her tender hart was payned.
Yet to awayt fit time she weened best,
And fairely did dissemble her sad thoughts vnrest.

One day her Ladie, calling her apart, xlv

Gan to demaund of her some tydings good,
Touching her loues successe, her lingring smart.
Therewith she gan at first to change her mood,
As one adaw’d, and halfe confused stood;
But quickly she it ouerpast, so soone
As she her face had wypt, to fresh her blood:
Tho gan she tell her all, that she had donne,
And all the wayes she sought, his loue for to haue wonne.

But sayd, that he was obstinate and sterne, xlvi

Scorning her offers and conditions vaine;
Ne would be taught with any termes, to lerne
So fond a lesson, as to loue againe.
Die rather would he in penurious paine,
And his abridged dayes in dolour wast,
Then his foes loue or liking entertaine:
His resolution was both first and last,
His bodie was her thrall, his hart was freely plast.

Which when the cruell Amazon perceiued, xlvii

She gan to storme, and rage, and rend her gall,
For very fell despight, which she conceiued,
To be so scorned of a base borne thrall,
Whose life did lie in her least eye-lids fall;
Of which she vow’d with many a cursed threat,
That she therefore would him ere long forstall.
Nathlesse when calmed was her furious heat,
She chang’d that threatfull mood, and mildly gan entreat.
What now is left Clarinda? what remaines, xlviii
That we may compasse this our enterprize?
Great shame to lose so long employed paines,
And greater shame t’abide so great misprize,
With which he dares our offers thus despize.
Yet that his guilt the greater may appeare,
And more my gratious mercie by this wize,
I will a while with his first folly beare,
Till thou haue tride againe, and tempted him more neare.

Say, and do all, that may thereto preuaile; xlix

Leaue nought vnpromist, that may him perswade,
Life, freedome, grace, and gifts of great auaile,
With which the Gods themselues are mylder made:
Thereto adde art, euen womens witty trade,
The art of mightie words, that men can charme;
With which in case thou canst him not inuade,
Let him feele hardnesse of thy heauie arme:
Who will not stoupe with good, shall be made stoupe with harme.

Some of his diet doe from him withdraw; l

For I him find to be too proudly fed.
Giue him more labour, and with streighter law,
That he with worke may be forwearied.
Let him lodge hard, and lie in strawen bed,
That may pull downe the courage of his pride;
And lay vpon him, for his greater dread,
Cold yron chaines, with which let him be tide;
And let, what euer he desires, be him denide.

When thou hast all this doen, then bring me newes li

Of his demeane: thenceforth not like a louer,
But like a rebell stout I will him vse.
For I resolue this siege not to giue ouer,
Till I the conquest of my will recouer.
So she departed, full of griefe and sdaine,
Which inly did to great impatience moue her.
 But the false mayden shortly turn’d againe
Vnto the prison, where her hart did thrall remaine.

There all her subtill nets she did vnfold, lii

And all the engins of her wit display;
In which she meant him warelesse to enfold,
And of his innocence to make her pray.
So cunningly she wrought her crafts assay,
That both her Ladie, and her selfe withall,
And eke the knight attonce she did betray:
But most the knight, whom she with guilefull call
Did cast for to allure, into her trap to fall.

As a bad Nurse, which fayning to receiue liii

In her owne mouth the food, ment for her chyld,
Withholdes it to her selfe, and doeth deceiue
The infant, so for want of nourture spoyld:
Euen so Clarinda her owne Dame beguyld,
And turn’d the trust, which was in her affyde,
To feeding of her priuate fire, which boyld
Her inward brest, and in her entrayles fryde,
The more that she it sought to couer and to hyde.

For comming to this knight, she purpose fayned, liv

How earnest suit she earst for him had made
Vnto her Queene, his freedome to haue gayned;
But by no meanes could her thereto perswade:
But that in stead thereof, she sternely bade
His miserie to be augmented more,
And many yron bands on him to lade.
All which nathlesse she for his loue forbore:
So praying him t’accept her seruice euermore.

And more then that, she promist that she would, lv

In case she might finde fauour in his eye,
Deuize how to enlarge him out of hould.
The Fayrie glad to gaine his libertie,
Can yeeld great thankes for such her curtesie,
 And with faire words, fit for the time and place,
To feede the humour of her maladie,[297]
Promist, if she would free him from that case,
He wold by all good means he might, deserue such grace.

So daily he faire semblant did her shew, lvi

Yet neuer meant he in his noble mind,
To his owne absent loue to be vntrew:
Ne euer did deceiptfull Clarin find
In her false hart, his bondage to vnbind;
But rather how she mote him faster tye.
Therefore vnto her mistresse most vnkind
She daily told, her loue he did defye,
And him she told, her Dame his freedome did denye.

Yet thus much friendship she to him did show, lvii

That his scarse diet somewhat was amended,
And his worke lessened, that his loue mote grow:
Yet to her Dame him still she discommended,
That she with him mote be the more offended.
Thus he long while in thraldome there remayned,
Of both beloued well, but litle frended;
Vntill his owne true loue his freedome gayned,
Which in an other Canto will be best contayned.

FOOTNOTES:
[292] xx 8 an apron 1609
[293] xxxviii 8 though vnlike, 1596
[294] xl 5 borne. 1596
[295] xli 2 she 1609
[296] xliv 4 should 1609
[297] lv 7 maladie; 1596
 Cant. VI.

Talus brings newes to Britomart,

of Artegals mishap,
She goes to seeke him, Dolon meetes,
who seekes her to entrap.

Some men, I wote, will deeme in Artegall i

Great weaknesse, and report of him much ill,
For yeelding so himselfe a wretched thrall,
To th’insolent commaund of womens will;
That all his former praise doth fowly spill.
But he the man, that say or doe so dare,
Be well aduiz’d, that he stand stedfast still:
For neuer yet was wight so well aware,
But he at first or last was trapt in womens snare.

Yet in the streightnesse of that captiue state, ii

This gentle knight himselfe so well behaued,
That notwithstanding all the subtill bait,
With which those Amazons his loue still craued,
To his owne loue his loialtie he saued:
Whose character in th’Adamantine mould
Of his true hart so firmely was engraued,
That no new loues impression euer could
Bereaue it thence: such blot his honour blemish should.

Yet his owne loue, the noble Britomart, iii

Scarse so conceiued in her iealous thought,
What time sad tydings of his balefull smart
In womans bondage, Talus to her brought;
Brought in vntimely houre, ere it was sought.
For after that the vtmost date, assynde
For his returne, she waited had for nought,
She gan to cast in her misdoubtfull mynde
A thousand feares, that loue-sicke fancies faine to fynde.

Sometime she feared, least some hard mishap iv

Had him misfalne in his aduenturous[298] quest;
Sometime least his false foe did him entrap
In traytrous traine, or had vnwares opprest:
But most she did her troubled mynd molest,
And secretly afflict with iealous feare,
Least some new loue had him from[299] her possest;
Yet loth she was, since she no ill did heare,
To thinke of him so ill: yet could she not forbeare.

One while she blam’d her selfe; another whyle v

She him condemn’d, as trustlesse and vntrew:
And then, her griefe with errour to beguyle,
She fayn’d to count the time againe anew,
As if before she had not counted trew.
For houres but dayes; for weekes, that passed were,
She told but moneths, to make them seeme more few:
Yet when she reckned them, still drawing neare,
Each hour did seeme a moneth, and euery moneth a yeare.

But when as yet she saw him not returne, vi

She thought to send some one to seeke him out;
But none she found so fit to serue that turne,
As her owne selfe, to ease her selfe of dout.
Now she deuiz’d amongst the warlike rout
 Of errant Knights, to seeke her errant Knight;
And then againe resolu’d to hunt him out
Amongst loose Ladies, lapped in delight:
And then both Knights enuide, and Ladies eke did spight.

One day, when as she long had sought for ease vii
In euery place, and euery place thought best,
Yet found no place, that could her liking please,
She to a window came, that opened West,
Towards which coast her loue his way addrest.
There looking forth, shee in her heart did find
Many vaine fancies, working her vnrest;
And sent her winged thoughts, more swift then wind,
To beare vnto her loue the message of her mind.

There as she looked long, at last she spide viii

One comming towards her with hasty speede:
Well weend she then, ere him she plaine descride,
That it was one sent from her loue indeede.
Who when he nigh approcht, shee mote arede
That it was Talus, Artegall his groome;
Whereat her heart was fild with hope and drede;
Ne would she stay, till he in place could come,
But ran to meete him forth, to know his tidings somme.

Euen in the dore him meeting, she begun; ix

And where is he thy Lord, and how far hence?
Declare at once; and hath he lost or wun?
The yron man, albe he wanted sence
And sorrowes feeling, yet with conscience
Of his ill newes, did inly chill and quake,
And stood still mute, as one in great suspence,
As if that by his silence he would make
Her rather reade his meaning, then him selfe it spake.

Till she againe thus sayd; Talus be bold, x

And tell what euer it be, good or bad,
That from thy tongue thy hearts intent doth hold.
 To whom he thus at length. The tidings sad,
That I would hide, will needs, I see, be rad.
My Lord, your loue, by hard mishap doth lie
In wretched bondage, wofully bestad.
Ay me (quoth she) what wicked destinie?
And is he vanquisht by his tyrant enemy?

Not by that Tyrant, his intended foe; xi

But by a Tyrannesse (he then replide,)
That him captiued hath in haplesse woe.
Cease thou bad newes-man, badly doest thou hide
Thy maisters shame, in harlots bondage tide.
The rest my selfe too readily can spell.
With that in rage she turn’d from him aside,
Forcing in vaine the rest to her to tell,
And to her chamber went like solitary cell.

There she began to make her monefull plaint xii

Against her Knight, for being so vntrew;
And him to touch with falshoods fowle attaint,
That all his other honour ouerthrew.
Oft did she blame her selfe, and often rew,
For yeelding to a straungers loue so light,
Whose life and manners straunge she neuer knew;
And euermore she did him sharpely twight
For breach of faith to her, which he had firmely plight.

And then she in her wrathfull will did cast, xiii

How to reuenge that blot of honour blent;
To fight with him, and goodly die her last:
And then againe she did her selfe torment,
Inflicting on her selfe his punishment.
A while she walkt, and chauft; a while she threw
Her selfe vppon her bed, and did lament:
Yet did she not lament with loude alew,
As women wont, but with deepe sighes, and singults[300] few.
Like as a wayward childe, whose sounder sleepe xiv
Is broken with some fearefull dreames affright,
With froward will doth set him selfe to weepe;
Ne can be stild for all his nurses might,
But kicks, and squals, and shriekes for fell despight:
Now scratching her, and her loose locks misusing;
Now seeking darkenesse, and now seeking light;
Then crauing sucke, and then the sucke refusing.
Such was this Ladies fit, in her loues fond accusing.

But when she had with such vnquiet fits xv

Her selfe there close afflicted long in vaine,
Yet found no easement in her troubled wits,
She vnto Talus forth return’d againe,
By change of place seeking to ease her paine;
And gan enquire of him, with mylder mood,
The certaine cause of Artegals detaine;
And what he did, and in what state he stood,
And whether he did woo, or whether he were woo’d.

Ah wellaway (sayd then the yron man,) xvi

That he is not the while in state to woo;
But lies in wretched thraldome, weake and wan,
Not by strong hand compelled thereunto,
But his owne doome, that none can now vndoo.
Sayd I not then (quoth shee) erwhile aright,
That this is things[301] compacte betwixt you two,
Me to deceiue of faith vnto me plight,
Since that he was not forst, nor ouercome in fight?

With that he gan at large to her dilate xvii

The whole discourse of his captiuance sad,
In sort as ye haue heard the same of late.
All which when she with hard enduraunce had
Heard[302] to the end, she was right sore bestad,
With sodaine stounds of wrath and griefe attone:
Ne would abide, till she had aunswere made,
 But streight her selfe did dight, and armor don;
And mounting to her steede, bad Talus guide her on.

So forth she rode vppon her ready way, xviii

To seeke her Knight, as Talus her did guide:
Sadly she rode, and neuer word did say,
Nor good nor bad, ne euer lookt aside,
But still right downe, and in her thought did hide
The felnesse of her heart, right fully bent
To fierce auengement of that womans pride,
Which had her Lord in her base prison pent,
And so great honour with so fowle reproch had blent.

So as she thus melancholicke did ride, xix

Chawing the cud of griefe and inward paine,
She chaunst to meete toward the euen-tide[303]
A Knight, that softly paced on the plaine,
As if him selfe to solace he were faine.
Well shot in yeares he seem’d, and rather bent
To peace, then needlesse trouble to constraine.
As well by view of that his vestiment,
As by his modest semblant, that no euill ment.

He comming neare, gan gently her salute, xx

With curteous words, in the most comely wize;
Who though desirous rather to rest mute,
Then termes to entertaine of common guize,
Yet rather then she kindnesse would despize,
She would her selfe displease, so him requite.
Then gan the other further to deuize
Of things abrode, as next to hand did light,
And many things demaund, to which she answer’d light.

For little lust had she to talke of ought, xxi

Or ought to heare, that mote delightfull bee;
Her minde was whole possessed of one thought,
That gaue none other place. Which when as hee
 By outward signes, (as well he might) did see,
He list no lenger to vse lothfull speach,
But her besought to take it well in gree,
Sith shady dampe had dimd the heauens reach,
To lodge with him that night, vnles good cause empeach.

The Championesse, now seeing night at dore, xxii

Was glad to yeeld vnto his good request:
And with him went without gaine-saying more.
Not farre away, but little wide by West,
His dwelling was, to which he him addrest;
Where soone arriuing they receiued were
In seemely wise, as them beseemed best:
For he their host them goodly well did cheare,
And talk’t of pleasant things, the night away to weare.

Thus passing th’euening well, till time of rest, xxiii

Then Britomart vnto a bowre was brought;
Where groomes awayted her to haue vndrest.
But she ne would vndressed be for ought,
Ne doffe her armes, though he her much besought.
For she had vow’d, she sayd, not to forgo
Those warlike weedes, till she reuenge had wrought
Of a late wrong vppon a mortall foe;
Which she would sure performe, betide her wele or wo.

Which when their[304] Host perceiu’d, right discontent xxiv

In minde he grew, for feare least by that art
He should his purpose misse, which close he ment:
Yet taking leaue of her, he did depart.
There all that night remained Britomart,
Restlesse, recomfortlesse, with heart deepe grieued,
Not suffering the least twinckling sleepe to start
Into her eye, which th’heart mote haue relieued,
But if the least appear’d, her eyes she streight reprieued.

Ye guilty eyes (sayd she) the which with guyle xxv

 My heart at first betrayd, will ye betray
My life now to, for which a little whyle
Ye will not watch? false watches, wellaway,
I wote when ye did watch both night and day
Vnto your losse: and now needes will ye sleepe?
Now ye haue made my heart to wake alway,
Now will ye sleepe? ah wake, and rather weepe,
To thinke of your nights[305] want, that should yee waking keepe.

Thus did she watch, and weare the weary night xxvi
In waylfull plaints, that none was to appease;
Now walking soft, now sitting still vpright,
As sundry chaunge her seemed best to ease.
Ne lesse did Talus suffer sleepe to seaze
His eye-lids sad, but watcht continually,
Lying without her dore in great disease;
Like to a Spaniell wayting carefully
Least any should betray his Lady treacherously.

What time the natiue Belman of the night, xxvii

The bird, that warned Peter of his fall,
First rings his siluer Bell t’each sleepy wight,
That should their mindes vp to deuotion call,
She heard a wondrous noise below the hall.
All sodainely the bed, where she should lie,
By a false trap was let adowne to fall
Into a lower roome, and by and by
The loft was raysd againe, that no man could it spie.

With sight whereof she was dismayd right sore, xxviii

Perceiuing well the treason, which was ment:
Yet stirred not at all for doubt of more,
But kept her place with courage confident,
Wayting what would ensue of that euent.
It was not long, before she heard the sound
Of armed men, comming with close intent
Towards her chamber; at which dreadfull stound
She quickly caught her sword, and shield about her bound.

With that there came vnto her chamber dore xxix

Two Knights, all armed[306] ready for to fight,
And after them full many other more,
A raskall rout, with weapons rudely dight.
Whom soone as Talus spide by glims of night,
He started vp, there where on ground he lay,
And in his hand his thresher ready keight.
They seeing that, let driue at him streight way,
And round about him preace in riotous aray.

But soone as he began to lay about xxx

With his rude yron flaile, they gan to flie,
Both armed Knights, and eke vnarmed rout:
Yet Talus after them apace did plie,
Where euer in the darke he could them spie;
That here and there like scattred sheepe they lay.
Then backe returning, where his Dame did lie,
He to her told the story of that fray,
And all that treason there intended did bewray.

Wherewith though wondrous wroth, and inly burning, xxxi

To be auenged for so fowle a deede,
Yet being forst to abide the daies returning,
She there remain’d, but with right wary heede,
Least any more such practise should proceede.
Now mote ye know (that which to Britomart
Vnknowen was) whence all this did proceede,
And for what cause so great mischieuous smart
Was ment to her, that neuer euill ment in hart.

The goodman of this house was Dolon hight, xxxii

A man of subtill wit and wicked minde,
That whilome in his youth had bene a Knight,
And armes had borne, but little good could finde,
And much lesse honour by that warlike kinde
 Of life: for he was nothing valorous,
But with slie shiftes and wiles did vnderminde
All noble Knights, which were aduenturous,
And many brought to shame by treason treacherous.

He had three sonnes, all three like fathers sonnes, xxxiii

Like treacherous, like full of fraud and guile,
Of all that on this earthly compasse wonnes:
The eldest of the which was slaine erewhile
By Artegall, through his owne guilty wile;
His name was Guizor, whose vntimely fate
For to auenge, full many treasons vile
His father Dolon had deuiz’d of late
With these his wicked sons, and shewd his cankred hate.

For sure he weend, that this his present guest xxxiv

Was Artegall, by many tokens plaine;
But chiefly by that yron page he ghest,
Which still was wont with Artegall remaine;
And therefore ment him surely to haue slaine.
But by Gods grace, and her good heedinesse,
She was preserued from their[307] traytrous traine.
Thus she all night wore out in watchfulnesse,
Ne suffred slothfull sleepe her eyelids to oppresse.

The morrow next, so soone as dawning houre xxxv

Discouered had the light to liuing eye,
She forth yssew’d out of her loathed bowre,
With full intent t’auenge that villany,
On that vilde[308] man, and all his family.
And comming down to seeke them, where they wond,
Nor sire, nor sonnes, nor any could she spie:
Each rowme she sought, but them all empty fond:
They all were fled for feare, but whether, nether[309] kond.

She saw it vaine to make there lenger stay, xxxvi

But tooke her steede, and thereon mounting light,
 Gan her addresse vnto her former way.
She had not rid the mountenance of a flight,
But that she saw there present in her sight,
Those two false brethren, on that perillous Bridge,
On which Pollente with Artegall did fight.
Streight was the passage like a ploughed ridge,
That if two met, the one mote needes fall ouer the lidge.

There they did thinke them selues on her to wreake: xxxvii

Who as she nigh vnto them drew, the one
These vile reproches gan vnto her speake;
Thou recreant false traytor, that with lone
Of armes hast knighthood stolne, yet Knight art none,
No more shall now the darkenesse of the night
Defend thee from the vengeance of thy fone,
But with thy bloud thou shalt appease the spright
Of Guizor, by thee slaine, and murdred by thy slight.

Strange were the words in Britomartis eare; xxxviii

Yet stayd she not for them, but forward fared,
Till to the perillous Bridge she came, and there
Talus desir’d, that he might haue prepared
The way to her, and those two losels scared.
But she thereat was wroth, that for despight
The glauncing sparkles through her beuer glared,
And from her eies did flash out fiery light,
Like coles, that through a siluer Censer sparkle bright.

She stayd not to aduise which way to take; xxxix

But putting spurres vnto her fiery beast,
Thorough the midst of them she way did make.
The one of them, which most her wrath increast,
Vppon her speare she bore before her breast,
Till to the Bridges further end she past,
Where falling downe, his challenge he releast:
The other ouer side the Bridge she cast
Into the riuer, where he drunke his deadly last.