CIVL 4171

Construction Engineering
Week Nine

Dr. Gary B. Hemphill, P.E.

Department of Civil Engineering
University of Memphis
Cranes
Most Common Mobile Cranes

3
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes
• Full revolving superstructure;
• Mounted on a pair of continuous, parallel crawler tracks;
• Used in low to middle range lift capacity;
• Good lifting characteristics;
• Universal machine – the base machine can be used as a crane or dragline
and for pile driving or other such applications;
• Capable of duty-cycle work, such as handling a concrete bucket;
• Duty-cycle work – a repetitive lifting assignment of relatively short cycle
time.
• Good soil load bearing characteristics;
• Relocated between projects by truck.

4
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes

5
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes
• Most crawler crane models have fixed-length lattice booms;
• Many have optionally rigged with a boom extension – “fly jib” or “fixed jib”;
• Common dimensions:
• Maximum boom length: 100 to 400 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 500 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 80 to 300 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 to 15 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 30 to 1,000 tons (but up to 3,000 tons for the
largest machines)
• Maximum travel speed: 50 to 100 ft/min (0.6 to 1.2 mph
• Ground bearing pressure: 7 to 20 psi

6
Lattice-Boom Crawler Crane with jib

7
Telescoping-Boom Truck Cranes
• Three power and control arrangements are common for telescoping-boom truck cranes:
1. Single engine, as both the truck and crane power source, with a single, dual-position cab used both for driving the
truck and operating the crane;
2. A single engine in the carrier but both truck and crane operating cabs;
3. Separate power units for the truck and superstructure. This is standard for the larger-capacity units.

8
9
Common Dimensions and Capacities for
Telescoping-boom Truck Cranes
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 140 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 70 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 60 to 120 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 ft for most models
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 20 to 100 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 70 mph
• Number of axles: 3 to 4

10
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes

11
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes

• Fully revolving superstructure;

• Mounted on multiaxle truck/carrier;
• Lightweight lattice boom;
• Less expensive with same hoisting capacity as larger telescoping-
boom unit.

12
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes
• Maximum boom length: 170 to 470 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 40 to 100 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 130 to 380 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 to 25 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 50 to 300 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 60 mph
• Number of axles: 4 to 8

13
Rough-Terrain Cranes (Cherry Pickers)

14
Rough-Terrain Cranes (Cherry Pickers)
• Two axles;
• Operator’s cab may be located on the upper works enabling operator
to rotate with the load;
• “Cherry picker” name comes from handling bombs in WWII;
• High ground clearance;
• Some models can move ono slopes up to 70%;
• Most common are 20 to 60 ton capacity.

15
Rough-Terrain Crane Dimensions and
Capabilities
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 170 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 20 to 50 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 70 to 140 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 ft for most models
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 10 to 100 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 15 to 35 mph
• Number of axles: 2 for all models

16
All-Terrain Cranes

17
All-Terrain Cranes
• Designed with an undercarriage capable of long-distance highway
travel;
• All axle drive and all wheel steering;
• High ground clearance;
• Superstructure cab equipped with both drive and crane controls;
• Appropriate when multi lifts and multiple locations are required;
• Manufacturers are gradually abandoning the telescoping- boom truck
cranes in favor of all-terrain cranes.

18
All-Terrain Cranes Dimensions and Capabilities
• Maximum boom length: 100 to 200 ft (up to 450 ft for the largest machines)
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 240 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 70 to 250 ft
• Maximum radius with fly jib: 100 to 300 ft (up to 400 ft for the largest machines)
• Minimum radius: 8 to 10 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 40 to 300 tons (up to 2,000 tons
for the largest machines)
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 55 mph
• Number of axles: 2 to 6 (up to 12 for the largest machines)

19
Truck-Mounted Cranes

20
Truck-Mounted Cranes

• Carrier vehicle of truck mounted crane is a commercial truck;

• Typically smaller, shorter boom;
• Lower lifting capacities;
• No cargo hauling space;
• Boom mounted at the rear of truck;
• Common dimensions and capacities for truck-mounted cranes with rear-mounted boom are:
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 160 ft
• Maximum vertical reach: 120 to 200 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius):

21
City Crane

22
City Crane
• Class of truck cranes designed for urban travel and work;
• Compact design, lower boom mounting;
• Single dual-purpose truck and crane operator cab;
• Lower center of gravity;
• Boom extension over carrier minimal helps reduce boom bounce when traveling and allows for
lifting in limited headroom.
• Common dimensions and capabilities for city cranes are:
• Maximum boom length: 80 to 130 ft
• Number of boom sections: 6
• Crane dimensions (travel configuration): length 24 to 32 ft, width 6 to 9 ft, height 9 to 12 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 13 to 55 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 30 to 50 mph
• Number of axles: 2 to 3

23
Lower Cranes with Stiff Boom (Boom Truck)

24
Loader Cranes

• Payload truck fitted with crane;

• Combined hauling and loading/unloading self-contained unit;
• Loader crane transport a payload;
• Can be used for short-term lifting services;
• Great yard truck;
• Characterized mainly by the type of boom:
• A knuckle-boom loader crane
• Stiff-boom loader crane has straight telescoping boom

25
Typical dimensions and capacities of Stiff
Boom
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 1 to 10 tons (up to 20
tons for larges machines
• Maximum lifting capacity at maximum horizontal reach: 0.2 to 1.5
tons (up to 5 tons for the larges machines)
• Maximum horizontal reach: 10 to 40 ft (up to 80 ft for the largest
machines)
• Maximum vertical reach above ground: 15 to 55 ft (up to 100 ft for
the largest machines)

26
Loader Crane with a Knuckle Boom

27
Typical dimensions and capacities of Knuckle
Boom
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 1 to 20 tons (up to 80
tons for larges machines)
• Maximum lifting capacity at maximum horizontal reach: 0.5 to 2.5
tons (up to 5 tons for the larges machines)
• Maximum horizontal reach: 20 to 80 ft (up to 150 ft for the largest
machines)
• Maximum vertical reach above ground: 25 to 95 ft (up to 160 ft for
the largest machines)

28
Telescoping-Boom Crawler Cranes

29
Telescoping-Boom Crawler Cranes
• High on-site maneuverability;
• Ability to travel with load on hook;
• Quick rigging requiring less space;
• Boom length adjustable while lifting

• Common dimensions and capacities:

• Maximum boom length: 80 to 160 ft (up to 200 ft for largest machines)
• Maximum fly-jib length: 25 to 110 ft (up to 140 ft for the largest machines)
• Maximum lifting capacity (at a minimum radius): 25 to 120 tons (but typically 3 to 6 tons for smallest machines and
up to 220 tons for the largest machines)
• Crane dimensions (boom retracted): length 35 to 50 ft, width 10 to 13 ft, height 10 to 13 ft

30
Lifting Capacities of Cranes

31
Rated Loads for Lattice and Telescoping-Boom Cranes

32
Wheel-Mounted Cranes

33
Lifting capacities in pounds for a 200-ton, nominal rating, crawler crane with 180 ft boom*
34
Factors Affecting Actual Crane Capacity on Site

• Wind forces on boom or load;

• Swing the load;
• Hoisting speed;
• Stopping the hoist.

35
Lifting capacities in pounds for a 25-ton telescoping-boom truck crane 36
37
Tower Cranes
• Tower cranes provide high lifting height and good working radius,
while taking up very limited area;
• The common tower crane configuration is a vertical tower with jib;
• Tower cranes of this type usually fall into one of two categories:
• Top-slewing (fixed tower) tower cranes:
• Allowing only the jibs, tower top, and operator cab to rotate. The tower is assembled
from modular lattice-type sections.
• Bottom-slewing (slewing tower) tower cranes:
• Swing circle (turntable) is located under the slewing platform, both tower and jib
assembly rotate. A telescoping mast.

38
Tower cranes

39
Tower cranes

40
Nomenclature for a top-slewing tower crane
41
Fixed Base Tower Cranes

42
Climbing Tower Cranes

43
Climbing Tower Cranes

44
Climbing Tower Cranes

45
Lifting capacities in pounds for a tower crane 46
Lifting capacities in pounds for a tower crane (continued) 47
Effect of hoist-line speed on lifting capacities of a tower crane 48
Rigging Center of Gravity

49
50
51
52
Crane Accident's Causes

53
54
55
Cranes
Most Common Mobile Cranes

57
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes
• Full revolving superstructure;
• Mounted on a pair of continuous, parallel crawler tracks;
• Used in low to middle range lift capacity;
• Good lifting characteristics;
• Universal machine – the base machine can be used as a crane or dragline
and for pile driving or other such applications;
• Capable of duty-cycle work, such as handling a concrete bucket;
• Duty-cycle work – a repetitive lifting assignment of relatively short cycle
time.
• Good soil load bearing characteristics;
• Relocated between projects by truck.

58
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes

59
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes
• Most crawler crane models have fixed-length lattice booms;
• Many have optionally rigged with a boom extension – “fly jib” or “fixed jib”;
• Common dimensions:
• Maximum boom length: 100 to 400 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 500 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 80 to 300 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 to 15 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 30 to 1,000 tons (but up to 3,000 tons for the
largest machines)
• Maximum travel speed: 50 to 100 ft/min (0.6 to 1.2 mph
• Ground bearing pressure: 7 to 20 psi

60
Lattice-Boom Crawler Crane with jib

61
Telescoping-Boom Truck Cranes
• Three power and control arrangements are common for telescoping-boom truck cranes:
1. Single engine, as both the truck and crane power source, with a single, dual-position cab used both for driving the
truck and operating the crane;
2. A single engine in the carrier but both truck and crane operating cabs;
3. Separate power units for the truck and superstructure. This is standard for the larger-capacity units.

62
63
Common Dimensions and Capacities for
Telescoping-boom Truck Cranes
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 140 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 70 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 60 to 120 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 ft for most models
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 20 to 100 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 70 mph
• Number of axles: 3 to 4

64
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes

65
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes

• Fully revolving superstructure;

• Mounted on multiaxle truck/carrier;
• Lightweight lattice boom;
• Less expensive with same hoisting capacity as larger telescoping-
boom unit.

66
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes
• Maximum boom length: 170 to 470 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 40 to 100 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 130 to 380 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 to 25 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 50 to 300 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 60 mph
• Number of axles: 4 to 8

67
Rough-Terrain Cranes (Cherry Pickers)

68
Rough-Terrain Cranes (Cherry Pickers)
• Two axles;
• Operator’s cab may be located on the upper works enabling operator
to rotate with the load;
• “Cherry picker” name comes from handling bombs in WWII;
• High ground clearance;
• Some models can move ono slopes up to 70%;
• Most common are 20 to 60 ton capacity.

69
Rough-Terrain Crane Dimensions and
Capabilities
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 170 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 20 to 50 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 70 to 140 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 ft for most models
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 10 to 100 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 15 to 35 mph
• Number of axles: 2 for all models

70
All-Terrain Cranes

71
All-Terrain Cranes
• Designed with an undercarriage capable of long-distance highway
travel;
• All axle drive and all wheel steering;
• High ground clearance;
• Superstructure cab equipped with both drive and crane controls;
• Appropriate when multi lifts and multiple locations are required;
• Manufacturers are gradually abandoning the telescoping- boom truck
cranes in favor of all-terrain cranes.

72
All-Terrain Cranes Dimensions and Capabilities
• Maximum boom length: 100 to 200 ft (up to 450 ft for the largest machines)
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 240 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 70 to 250 ft
• Maximum radius with fly jib: 100 to 300 ft (up to 400 ft for the largest machines)
• Minimum radius: 8 to 10 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 40 to 300 tons (up to 2,000 tons
for the largest machines)
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 55 mph
• Number of axles: 2 to 6 (up to 12 for the largest machines)

73
Truck-Mounted Cranes

74
Truck-Mounted Cranes

• Carrier vehicle of truck mounted crane is a commercial truck;

• Typically smaller, shorter boom;
• Lower lifting capacities;
• No cargo hauling space;
• Boom mounted at the rear of truck;
• Common dimensions and capacities for truck-mounted cranes with rear-mounted boom are:
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 160 ft
• Maximum vertical reach: 120 to 200 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius):

75
City Crane

76
City Crane
• Class of truck cranes designed for urban travel and work;
• Compact design, lower boom mounting;
• Single dual-purpose truck and crane operator cab;
• Lower center of gravity;
• Boom extension over carrier minimal helps reduce boom bounce when traveling and allows for
lifting in limited headroom.
• Common dimensions and capabilities for city cranes are:
• Maximum boom length: 80 to 130 ft
• Number of boom sections: 6
• Crane dimensions (travel configuration): length 24 to 32 ft, width 6 to 9 ft, height 9 to 12 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 13 to 55 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 30 to 50 mph
• Number of axles: 2 to 3

77
Lower Cranes with Stiff Boom (Boom Truck)

78
Loader Cranes

• Payload truck fitted with crane;

• Combined hauling and loading/unloading self-contained unit;
• Loader crane transport a payload;
• Can be used for short-term lifting services;
• Great yard truck;
• Characterized mainly by the type of boom:
• A knuckle-boom loader crane
• Stiff-boom loader crane has straight telescoping boom

79
Typical dimensions and capacities of Stiff
Boom
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 1 to 10 tons (up to 20
tons for larges machines
• Maximum lifting capacity at maximum horizontal reach: 0.2 to 1.5
tons (up to 5 tons for the larges machines)
• Maximum horizontal reach: 10 to 40 ft (up to 80 ft for the largest
machines)
• Maximum vertical reach above ground: 15 to 55 ft (up to 100 ft for
the largest machines)

80
Loader Crane with a Knuckle Boom

81
Typical dimensions and capacities of Knuckle
Boom
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 1 to 20 tons (up to 80
tons for larges machines)
• Maximum lifting capacity at maximum horizontal reach: 0.5 to 2.5
tons (up to 5 tons for the larges machines)
• Maximum horizontal reach: 20 to 80 ft (up to 150 ft for the largest
machines)
• Maximum vertical reach above ground: 25 to 95 ft (up to 160 ft for
the largest machines)

82
Telescoping-Boom Crawler Cranes

83
Telescoping-Boom Crawler Cranes
• High on-site maneuverability;
• Ability to travel with load on hook;
• Quick rigging requiring less space;
• Boom length adjustable while lifting

• Common dimensions and capacities:

• Maximum boom length: 80 to 160 ft (up to 200 ft for largest machines)
• Maximum fly-jib length: 25 to 110 ft (up to 140 ft for the largest machines)
• Maximum lifting capacity (at a minimum radius): 25 to 120 tons (but typically 3 to 6 tons for smallest machines and
up to 220 tons for the largest machines)
• Crane dimensions (boom retracted): length 35 to 50 ft, width 10 to 13 ft, height 10 to 13 ft

84
Lifting Capacities of Cranes

85
Rated Loads for Lattice and Telescoping-Boom Cranes

86
Wheel-Mounted Cranes

87
Lifting capacities in pounds for a 200-ton, nominal rating, crawler crane with 180 ft boom*
88
Factors Affecting Actual Crane Capacity on Site

• Wind forces on boom or load;

• Swing the load;
• Hoisting speed;
• Stopping the hoist.

89
Lifting capacities in pounds for a 25-ton telescoping-boom truck crane 90
91
Tower Cranes
• Tower cranes provide high lifting height and good working radius,
while taking up very limited area;
• The common tower crane configuration is a vertical tower with jib;
• Tower cranes of this type usually fall into one of two categories:
• Top-slewing (fixed tower) tower cranes:
• Allowing only the jibs, tower top, and operator cab to rotate. The tower is assembled
from modular lattice-type sections.
• Bottom-slewing (slewing tower) tower cranes:
• Swing circle (turntable) is located under the slewing platform, both tower and jib
assembly rotate. A telescoping mast.

92
Tower cranes

93
Tower cranes

94
Nomenclature for a top-slewing tower crane
95
Fixed Base Tower Cranes

96
Climbing Tower Cranes

97
Climbing Tower Cranes

98
Climbing Tower Cranes

99
Lifting capacities in pounds for a tower crane 100
Lifting capacities in pounds for a tower crane (continued) 101
Effect of hoist-line speed on lifting capacities of a tower crane 102
Rigging Center of Gravity

103
104
105
106
Crane Accident's Causes

107
108
109
Cranes
Most Common Mobile Cranes

112
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes
• Full revolving superstructure;
• Mounted on a pair of continuous, parallel crawler tracks;
• Used in low to middle range lift capacity;
• Good lifting characteristics;
• Universal machine – the base machine can be used as a crane or dragline
and for pile driving or other such applications;
• Capable of duty-cycle work, such as handling a concrete bucket;
• Duty-cycle work – a repetitive lifting assignment of relatively short cycle
time.
• Good soil load bearing characteristics;
• Relocated between projects by truck.

113
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes

114
Lattice-Boom Crawler Cranes
• Most crawler crane models have fixed-length lattice booms;
• Many have optionally rigged with a boom extension – “fly jib” or “fixed jib”;
• Common dimensions:
• Maximum boom length: 100 to 400 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 500 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 80 to 300 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 to 15 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 30 to 1,000 tons (but up to 3,000 tons for the
largest machines)
• Maximum travel speed: 50 to 100 ft/min (0.6 to 1.2 mph
• Ground bearing pressure: 7 to 20 psi

115
Lattice-Boom Crawler Crane with jib

116
Telescoping-Boom Truck Cranes
• Three power and control arrangements are common for telescoping-boom truck cranes:
1. Single engine, as both the truck and crane power source, with a single, dual-position cab used both for driving the
truck and operating the crane;
2. A single engine in the carrier but both truck and crane operating cabs;
3. Separate power units for the truck and superstructure. This is standard for the larger-capacity units.

117
118
Common Dimensions and Capacities for
Telescoping-boom Truck Cranes
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 140 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 70 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 60 to 120 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 ft for most models
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 20 to 100 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 70 mph
• Number of axles: 3 to 4

119
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes

120
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes

• Fully revolving superstructure;

• Mounted on multiaxle truck/carrier;
• Lightweight lattice boom;
• Less expensive with same hoisting capacity as larger telescoping-
boom unit.

121
Lattice-Boom Truck Cranes
• Maximum boom length: 170 to 470 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 40 to 100 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 130 to 380 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 to 25 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 50 to 300 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 60 mph
• Number of axles: 4 to 8

122
Rough-Terrain Cranes (Cherry Pickers)

123
Rough-Terrain Cranes (Cherry Pickers)
• Two axles;
• Operator’s cab may be located on the upper works enabling operator
to rotate with the load;
• “Cherry picker” name comes from handling bombs in WWII;
• High ground clearance;
• Some models can move ono slopes up to 70%;
• Most common are 20 to 60 ton capacity.

124
Rough-Terrain Crane Dimensions and
Capabilities
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 170 ft
• Maximum fly-jib length: 20 to 50 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 70 to 140 ft
• Minimum radius: 10 ft for most models
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 10 to 100 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 15 to 35 mph
• Number of axles: 2 for all models

125
All-Terrain Cranes

126
All-Terrain Cranes
• Designed with an undercarriage capable of long-distance highway
travel;
• All axle drive and all wheel steering;
• High ground clearance;
• Superstructure cab equipped with both drive and crane controls;
• Appropriate when multi lifts and multiple locations are required;
• Manufacturers are gradually abandoning the telescoping- boom truck
cranes in favor of all-terrain cranes.

127
All-Terrain Cranes Dimensions and Capabilities
• Maximum boom length: 100 to 200 ft (up to 450 ft for the largest machines)
• Maximum fly-jib length: 30 to 240 ft
• Maximum radius (boom only): 70 to 250 ft
• Maximum radius with fly jib: 100 to 300 ft (up to 400 ft for the largest machines)
• Minimum radius: 8 to 10 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 40 to 300 tons (up to 2,000 tons
for the largest machines)
• Maximum travel speed: 40 to 55 mph
• Number of axles: 2 to 6 (up to 12 for the largest machines)

128
Truck-Mounted Cranes

129
Truck-Mounted Cranes

• Carrier vehicle of truck mounted crane is a commercial truck;

• Typically smaller, shorter boom;
• Lower lifting capacities;
• No cargo hauling space;
• Boom mounted at the rear of truck;
• Common dimensions and capacities for truck-mounted cranes with rear-mounted boom are:
• Maximum boom length: 70 to 160 ft
• Maximum vertical reach: 120 to 200 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius):

130
City Crane

131
City Crane
• Class of truck cranes designed for urban travel and work;
• Compact design, lower boom mounting;
• Single dual-purpose truck and crane operator cab;
• Lower center of gravity;
• Boom extension over carrier minimal helps reduce boom bounce when traveling and allows for
lifting in limited headroom.
• Common dimensions and capabilities for city cranes are:
• Maximum boom length: 80 to 130 ft
• Number of boom sections: 6
• Crane dimensions (travel configuration): length 24 to 32 ft, width 6 to 9 ft, height 9 to 12 ft
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 13 to 55 tons
• Maximum travel speed: 30 to 50 mph
• Number of axles: 2 to 3

132
Lower Cranes with Stiff Boom (Boom Truck)

133
Loader Cranes

• Payload truck fitted with crane;

• Combined hauling and loading/unloading self-contained unit;
• Loader crane transport a payload;
• Can be used for short-term lifting services;
• Great yard truck;
• Characterized mainly by the type of boom:
• A knuckle-boom loader crane
• Stiff-boom loader crane has straight telescoping boom

134
Typical dimensions and capacities of Stiff
Boom
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 1 to 10 tons (up to 20
tons for larges machines
• Maximum lifting capacity at maximum horizontal reach: 0.2 to 1.5
tons (up to 5 tons for the larges machines)
• Maximum horizontal reach: 10 to 40 ft (up to 80 ft for the largest
machines)
• Maximum vertical reach above ground: 15 to 55 ft (up to 100 ft for
the largest machines)

135
Loader Crane with a Knuckle Boom

136
Typical dimensions and capacities of Knuckle
Boom
• Maximum lifting capacity (at minimum radius): 1 to 20 tons (up to 80
tons for larges machines)
• Maximum lifting capacity at maximum horizontal reach: 0.5 to 2.5
tons (up to 5 tons for the larges machines)
• Maximum horizontal reach: 20 to 80 ft (up to 150 ft for the largest
machines)
• Maximum vertical reach above ground: 25 to 95 ft (up to 160 ft for
the largest machines)

137
Telescoping-Boom Crawler Cranes

138
Telescoping-Boom Crawler Cranes
• High on-site maneuverability;
• Ability to travel with load on hook;
• Quick rigging requiring less space;
• Boom length adjustable while lifting

• Common dimensions and capacities:

• Maximum boom length: 80 to 160 ft (up to 200 ft for largest machines)
• Maximum fly-jib length: 25 to 110 ft (up to 140 ft for the largest machines)
• Maximum lifting capacity (at a minimum radius): 25 to 120 tons (but typically 3 to 6 tons for smallest machines and
up to 220 tons for the largest machines)
• Crane dimensions (boom retracted): length 35 to 50 ft, width 10 to 13 ft, height 10 to 13 ft

139
Lifting Capacities of Cranes

140
Rated Loads for Lattice and Telescoping-Boom Cranes

141
Wheel-Mounted Cranes

142
Lifting capacities in pounds for a 200-ton, nominal rating, crawler crane with 180 ft boom*
143
Factors Affecting Actual Crane Capacity on Site

• Wind forces on boom or load;

• Swing the load;
• Hoisting speed;
• Stopping the hoist.

144
Lifting capacities in pounds for a 25-ton telescoping-boom truck crane 145
146
Tower Cranes
• Tower cranes provide high lifting height and good working radius,
while taking up very limited area;
• The common tower crane configuration is a vertical tower with jib;
• Tower cranes of this type usually fall into one of two categories:
• Top-slewing (fixed tower) tower cranes:
• Allowing only the jibs, tower top, and operator cab to rotate. The tower is assembled
from modular lattice-type sections.
• Bottom-slewing (slewing tower) tower cranes:
• Swing circle (turntable) is located under the slewing platform, both tower and jib
assembly rotate. A telescoping mast.

147
Tower cranes

148
Tower cranes

149
Nomenclature for a top-slewing tower crane
150
Fixed Base Tower Cranes

151
Climbing Tower Cranes

152
Climbing Tower Cranes

153
Climbing Tower Cranes

154
Lifting capacities in pounds for a tower crane 155
Lifting capacities in pounds for a tower crane (continued) 156
Effect of hoist-line speed on lifting capacities of a tower crane 157
Rigging Center of Gravity

158
159
160
161
Crane Accident's Causes

162
163
164