Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    CS 116 Operating Systems

    Uploaded by

    senibalo.suzannebit2011

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CS 116 Operating Systems

    Uploaded by

    senibalo.suzannebit2011
    4 views4 pages

    Original Title

    CS 116 OPERATING SYSTEMS

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views4 pages

    CS 116 Operating Systems

    Uploaded by

    senibalo.suzannebit2011

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Comparative Analysis of Operating Systems: Windows, macOS, and Linux

    1. Overview of Operating Systems

    Windows:

     Developer: Microsoft
     Current Version: Windows 11 (as of 2024)
     Kernel Type: Hybrid
     Primary Use: Personal computers, enterprise environments
     User Interface: GUI with a Start Menu, taskbar, and window-based navigation

    macOS:

     Developer: Apple Inc.


     Current Version: macOS Ventura (13.x) (as of 2024)
     Kernel Type: Hybrid (XNU)
     Primary Use: Personal computers, creative professionals
     User Interface: GUI with a Dock, Finder, and window-based navigation

    Linux:

     Developer: Community-driven (with various distributions like Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian)


     Current Kernel Version: Varies by distribution, e.g., Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
     Kernel Type: Monolithic
     Primary Use: Servers, personal computers, development environments
     User Interface: GUI varies by distribution (GNOME, KDE, Xfce)

    2. Feature Comparison

    Feature Windows 11 macOS Ventura Linux (Ubuntu 22.04 LTS)


    Start Menu, Taskbar, Dock, Finder, GNOME Shell (default),
    User Interface
    Cortana Spotlight customizable
    Windows Defender, Gatekeeper, XProtect, SELinux/AppArmor,
    Security
    BitLocker FileVault iptables, encryption tools
    Extensive (both
    Software Extensive (optimized Extensive (open-source and
    consumer and
    Ecosystem for Apple hardware) commercial)
    enterprise)
    Hardware Broad (desktops, Limited to Apple Broad (desktops, laptops,
    Compatibility laptops, tablets) hardware servers)
    File System NTFS, FAT32, exFAT APFS, HFS+ ext4, Btrfs, XFS, ZFS
    Limited (third-party Limited (within Extensive (open-source
    Customization
    apps available) Apple ecosystem) flexibility)
    High (optimized for High (optimized for Varies (depends on
    Performance
    broad hardware) Apple hardware) configuration)
    Feature Windows 11 macOS Ventura Linux (Ubuntu 22.04 LTS)
    Commercial (licenses Commercial (comes Free (open-source
    Cost
    required) with Apple devices) distributions)
    GCC, Clang, various IDEs
    Developer Tools Visual Studio, WSL Xcode
    (VS Code, Eclipse)
    Hyper-V, Windows
    Virtualization Subsystem for Linux Parallels, Boot Camp KVM, VirtualBox, Docker
    (WSL)
    Support and Regular updates, paid Regular updates, Community and professional
    Updates support available Apple Care support

    3. Detailed Features

    User Interface:

     Windows: Known for its familiar Start Menu, taskbar, and windowed applications,
    making it user-friendly for a wide range of users.
     macOS: Sleek and intuitive design with a focus on aesthetics and ease of use,
    particularly in the creative industries.
     Linux: Highly customizable interface, with different desktop environments (like
    GNOME, KDE) allowing for tailored user experiences.

    Security:

     Windows: Provides built-in security features like Windows Defender and BitLocker, but
    is often targeted by malware.
     macOS: Known for robust security out-of-the-box with features like Gatekeeper and
    FileVault, but limited to Apple hardware.
     Linux: Offers strong security mechanisms, particularly in server environments, with
    tools like SELinux and AppArmor.

    Software Ecosystem:

     Windows: Supports a vast array of software, both consumer and enterprise, including
    exclusive applications like Microsoft Office.
     macOS: Optimized for software used in creative fields, such as Final Cut Pro and Logic
    Pro, with a strong emphasis on integration within the Apple ecosystem.
     Linux: Supports a wide range of software, from open-source to commercial applications,
    with a strong presence in development and server environments.

    Hardware Compatibility:

     Windows: Compatible with a wide range of hardware from various manufacturers,


    making it versatile for different types of users.
     macOS: Exclusively compatible with Apple hardware, offering a seamless but limited
    hardware-software integration.
     Linux: Compatible with a broad range of hardware, often used on servers and in
    customized computing environments.

    Customization:

     Windows: Limited to what Microsoft allows, though third-party applications can


    enhance functionality.
     macOS: Customization is limited to within the Apple ecosystem, focusing on user
    experience rather than extensive modification.
     Linux: Highly customizable, allowing users to modify almost every aspect of the
    operating system to suit their needs.

    Performance:

     Windows: Generally offers high performance across a range of hardware configurations.


     macOS: Optimized for Apple hardware, delivering high performance and stability.
     Linux: Performance can vary depending on configuration, but it is highly efficient and
    can be optimized for specific tasks.

    Understanding Processes

    What is a Process? A process is an instance of a program in execution. It is a fundamental


    concept in operating systems that represents the running state of an application, including the
    current values of the program counter, registers, and variables.

    Process States:

    1. New: The process is being created.


    2. Ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor.
    3. Running: Instructions are being executed.
    4. Waiting: The process is waiting for some event to occur (such as I/O completion).
    5. Terminated: The process has finished execution.

    Key Performance Metrics for Operating System Evaluation

    1. CPU Utilization: Measures how effectively the CPU is being used. Higher utilization
    indicates better performance but must be balanced to avoid overloading.
    2. Throughput: The number of processes completed per unit time. Higher throughput
    indicates better performance.
    3. Turnaround Time: The total time taken to execute a particular process. Shorter
    turnaround times are preferable.
    4. Response Time: The time from a request submission until the first response is produced.
    Lower response times improve user experience.
    5. Memory Usage: The amount of memory used by the operating system and running
    processes. Efficient memory usage is crucial for performance.
    6. Disk I/O: Measures the speed and efficiency of disk read/write operations. Faster disk
    I/O can significantly improve performance.
    7. System Load: The number of processes in the ready queue. Lower system load indicates
    a more responsive system.
    8. Network Throughput: The amount of data transferred over the network per unit time.
    Higher network throughput indicates better network performance.
    9. Latency: The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction. Lower
    latency is critical for time-sensitive applications.

    These metrics help in evaluating and tuning the performance of an operating system to ensure it
    meets the needs of its users and applications.

    You might also like