BURI PALM LEAVES (Corypha utan) ECOPAPER

_______________________________

A Research Paper
Presented to the Committee
on Research of Junior High School of
Pulot National High School, Sofronio Española, Palawan

____________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

in Grade 10-SSC Research Subject of the K to 12 Education Curriculum

______________________________________

CIARALYN J. BALDIN

CIAN AZRIEL G. CASTRO

STEPHANIE JANE M. TALIMAN

JOHN LAWRENCE F. FABRIGAS

JULY 2023

i
 PULOT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENT RESEARCH
APPROVAL SHEET

The research paper attached hereto titled, “BURI PALM LEAVES (Corypha
utan) ECO-PAPER” prepared and submitted by JOHN LAWRENCE F. FABRIGAS,
CIARA LYN J. BALDIN, CIAN AZRIEL G. CASTRO, and STEPHANIE JANE M.
TALIMAN in partial fulfilment of the requirements in Grade-10 Special Science Class
Research subject of the K to 12 Education Curriculum is hereby accepted.

RIO L. CASTRO VANGELINE C. VALERIANO

English Critic Statistician/ Adviser

______________ ______________
Date Signed Date Signed

RESEARCH COMMITTEE

THERESE MARIE G. AQUIAS BIRTHEMINDA P. CAASI

Member Member

______________ ______________
Date Signed FRANK P. CATUBUAN Date Signed
Member
_____________
Date Signed

VANGELINE C. VALERIANO
Chairman

_____________
Date Signed

Accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirements in Grade 10 Special Science

Class Research Subject of the K to 12 Education Curriculum.

EDGARDO C. MUTIA
Principal III
______________
Date Signed

ii
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

On the 24th day of April, year 2007, this researcher was born to Mr. Rodrigo

Fabrigas Jr. and Mrs. Melissa Fabrigas at Pulot Center, Sofronio Española, Palawan. He

is the third among the four sons. He took his Elementary Education at Sofronio Española

Central School, and is currently studying his Fourth Year in Pulot National High School.

A "constant achiever" who enjoys watching anime, reading comics, and playing

mobile games. His favorite color is green and he's dreaming of becoming a nutritionist

someday.

JOHN LAWRENCE F. FABRIGAS

iii
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

She was born on March 29, 2007 at Punang, Sofronio Española Palawan. A loving

daughter of Mr. Ricky L. Baldin and Mrs. Marivel J. Baldin. She's now in her Fourth

Year High School at Pulot National High School.

She enjoys playing basketball and reading Wattpad. She also loves eating sweets

and sour but she doesn't want to get fat. Her ambition is to become a doctor and travel the

world.

CIARA LYN J.

BALDIN

iv
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

On the 3rd of November year 2006, this researcher was born at Pasig city. She was

the youngest daughter of Mrs. Lilybeth G. Castro and Mr. Clevern C. Castro among their

two children. She graduated her elementary at Sofronio Española Central School. She's

currently studying her fourth year in Pulot National High School.

A "young and sweet" girl who enjoys spending her time in reading, loves the smell

of books while listening to her favorite music. She likes ice cream and milk tea. She

dreams of being a human rights lawyer someday.

CIAN AZRIEL G.

CASTRO

v
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

This researcher was born on the 12th day of July year 2007 at Brgy. Iraray, Sofronio

Española Palawan. She is the third daughter of Mrs. Joy M. Taliman and Mr.

Estephenson C. Taliman. She took her elementary education at Iraray Elementary School,

and is currently studying her fourth year in Pulot National High School.

She dreams of becoming a teacher in English someday as well as having a convenient

life.

STEPHANIE JANE M.

TALIMAN

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their most heartfelt gratitude towards all the

people who have patiently contributed their precious time and efforts to help them

without expecting any exchange. Without them, it would be of great difficulty for the

researchers to understand and complete this research.

First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank the Almighty God for

giving them strength, knowledge and guidance for making this study possible;

To their parents, siblings, and relatives who were always there to support and help

them especially when problems come in conducting this thesis;

To the kind residents of Sofronio Española who owned Buri Palm trees, thank you

for allowing the researchers pick the leaves;

To their research adviser, Ma’am Vangeline C. Valeriano, who extended her

knowledge and support in making this study possible and also for giving

recommendations and guidance for this study;

To their English critic, Ma’am Rio L. Castro, for her time allotted in reading and

correcting the contents of this study;

To the members of the research committee: Ma’am Vangeline C. Valeriano, Ma’am

Birtheminda P. Caasi, Sir Frank P. Catubuan and Ma’am Therese Marie G. Aquias, who

guided them in the completion of this study;

vii
 To the principal of Pulot National High School, Sir Edgardo C. Mutia, who

allowed them to conduct this study:

To those who were not mentioned but contributed a lot to make this study

possible, their truthful gratitude.

J. L. F.

C. L. B.

C. A. C.

S. J. T.

viii
 ABSTRACT

FABRIGAS, JOHN LAWRENCE F., BALDIN, CIARA LYN J., CASTRO, CIAN
AZRIEL G., and TALIMAN, STEPHANIE JANE M., Pulot National High School,
Pulot Center Sofronio Española, Palawan. “BURI PALM LEAVES (Corypha utan)
ECO-PAPER”

Adviser: VANGELINE C. VALERIANO

This study entitled "Buri Palm leaves (Corypha utan) Ecopaper" was conducted

from January 2023 to April 2023 at Pulot Center, Sofronio Espanola, Palawan. This study

aimed to determine the effectiveness and the significant difference of each treatment in

terms of the paper's durability, grams per square meter, and bending force. Most

industries cut trees to make paper which may lead to deforestation, therefore, the

researchers thought of making an alternative paper by using buri leaves.

The research was managed by creating an alternative paper that is made out of buri

leaves and then testing which treatment was more effective in terms of its bending force,

GSM, and durability. Furthermore, based on the results of the experiment, treatment 2

showed the best performance in terms of the paper’s durability. It withstood 264.6 grams

before it tore apart. While in terms of the paper’s GSM, treatment 1 was classified as a

paper that is used for brochures and flyers, treatment 2 was distinguished as a low-quality

paper, and treatment 3 was classified as an everyday office copier and printer paper. As

ix
for the paper’s bending force, treatment 3 manifested the highest Newton resistance with

each fold.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii
ABSTRACT ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS x
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF APPENDICES xiii

CHAPTERS PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION
Nature and Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Objectives of the Study 2
Hypothesis of the Study 3
Significance of the Study 3
Scope and Limitation of the Study 3
Conceptual Framework 4
Operational Definition of Terms 4

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 5

III. METHODOLOGY 9
Time and Place of the Study 9
Preparation of Treatments 9
Experimental Set-Up 10
Procedure for Data Collection 10
Preparation for Data Analysis 11

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 12

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 16

Summary 16
Conclusion 16
Recommendations 17

x
REFERENCES 18

APPENDICES 20

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1 The durability of Buri Palm (Corypha utan) leaves 12

as an alternative paper

2 The grammage of each of Buri Palm leaves as an 13

alternative paper

3 The bending force (in newton) of Buri Palm (Corypha 14

utan) leaves as an alternative paper

xi
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1 The Conceptual Framework 4

xii
xiii
 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX PAGE

1 Appendix A-Gallery 21

xiv
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Nature and Background of the Study

Corypha utan is described as a solitary-stemmed tree that grows up to 20m tall

with fan-shaped leaves that may reach 3m. Commonly known as buri palm. Scattered

along the low-lying lands and forests of countries like Malaysia, Thailand, and

Philippines. These countries often use buri palm leaves as roofs, walls, or hats due to it

being a great source of Raffia Fiber.

Paper has been widely used all over the world particularly in schools, office, and

home. It is a way to simplify things in terms of writing to have a good and appearing

parchment. But despite of its advantages, the use of paper has a great impact especially to

our environment because most of all manufacturers are cutting hundredths of trees to

make paper that leads to multiple problems like landslides, floods, and damage to animal

habitats. It is not advisable for manufacturers to continue cutting trees to make paper.

As to address this spreading matter, the researchers have taken the idea to use buri

leaves as an alternative in making paper instead of cutting trees to help prevent the

danger of humanity and animals may face.

1
Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of buri palm leaves as

the main ingredient in making paper. Specifically, this study attempted to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the effectiveness (refers to quality) of buri palm leaves as an alternative paper

in terms of:

a. Durability;

b.Grams per Square Meter; and

c. Bending Force?

2. Which among the treatments has the best performance in terms of:

a. Durability;

b. Grammage; and

c. Bending Force?

Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to:

1.) Determine the effectiveness of buri palm leaves as alternative paper in terms of:

a. Durability;

b. Grammage; and

c. Bending Force.

2.) Find out the treatment with the best performance in terms of:

a. Durability;

2
 b. Grammage; and

c. Bending Force.

The Hypothesis of the Study

Ho: The Buri Palm leaves is not effective as an alternative paper.

The Significance of the Study

By making an alternative paper using buri palm leaves, this study would help the

environment deal with landslides, floods, and other disasters due to the short number of

trees

In addition, it will serve as a launching pad to other researchers to further conduct

studies in exploring natural raw materials such as Buri palm leaves as an alternative

paper.

Lastly, it's beneficial for the paper making industries because they would have

another choice in making paper to minimize the cutting of trees to make paper.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focused only on creating an alternative paper using Buri palm leaves in

terms of its durability, bending force, and the Grams per Square Meter. Due to lack of

resources, the researchers opted to use a less substantial molder and without the use of a

decker. The researchers also made their improvised bending force tester.

3
The Conceptual Framework

Independent variable Dependent variable

Effectiveness of Buri palm

leaves as paper in terms of
Buri Palm (Corypha utan)
Leaves PROCESS
a) Durability
b) Bending Force
c) Gram per Square Meter

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework

Operational Definition of Terms

To facilitate a better understanding of this study, the following terms were defined

as used in the study.

Biodegradable Plastic. An eco-friendly plastic that decomposes after many uses.

Cellulose. A tough binder that plays an important role that keeping plants stable.

Corypha utan. The scientific name of Buri Palm Tree.

Effectiveness. A product that works efficiently and successfully.

Solitary-stemmed. A plant that does not have branches.

4
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The tropical plant known as "Buri" or "buli" has various uses for its different

parts. It belongs to the Palm family and is native to the Philippines, New Guinea,

Australia, Malaysia, and Indonesia. With its tall trunks and fan-shaped leaves, the Buri

plant can survive for more than 30 years, producing flowers and fruits (Berto, 2021).

According to L.B. Tayrus (2015), Buri palms (Corypha utan) are the third most

important non-timber forest resource in the Philippines due to their multiple uses, similar

to coconuts. The matured leaf of the plant is called Buri, while the young shoot or leaf is

called raffia. Buntal fiber, on the other hand, is a long light-colored strand extracted from

the petioles of Buri palms. These materials are woven into various products such as

baskets (A.N.R. Pazon, 2018).

Many researchers indicates that Buri is native to Philippines which makes the

researchers in the Philippines to easily conduct this study.

A research study by P. A. Muller and D. O. Oppenheimer (2014) found that

students who took notes on paper performed better on tests related to the subject

compared to those who typed their notes on a computer.

This supports that paper is a very important material for learning and even in the

modern era, the paper would still be more effective.

S. Rahmah (2019) discusses how paper production, which relies on wood as a raw

material, contributes to deforestation, a major environmental problem. P. Walpole (2017)

states that the Philippines is one of the most severely deforested countries in the tropics,

5
with a significant loss of forest cover in the last 40 years. Deforestation, as mentioned by

D. Matthews (2016), is estimated to be responsible for about 12% of greenhouse gas

emissions and has adverse effects on the climate.

According to the studies, paper production using wood as the main ingredient

contributes to deforestation and is not recommended.

M. Cook (2019) highlights the importance of eco-friendly paper, which is made

from post-consumer waste instead of freshly cut trees. By reducing deforestation, the loss

of wildlife habitat can be mitigated, and more oxygen can be retained in the atmosphere.

The eco-friendly paper should be used instead of freshly cut trees like using only

the leaves of a certain plant and post-consumer wastes as said by M. Cook.

A. Chernyaev (2015) discusses the role of cellulose, a key component of paper,

and how it affects the properties of a paper sheet. Cellulose, which is abundant in natural

fibers, including Buri leaves, provides advantages such as recyclability, flexibility,

lightweight, and low cost compared to other materials (A. Vicente, 2018).

Cellulose fiber insulation, made from recycled paper fibers, is an eco-friendly

thermal insulation material with good thermal properties and low embodied energy (P. L.

Hurtado, 2015).

Zalinawati (2020) notes that natural fibers, including Buri leaves, contain a

significant amount of cellulose, which makes them biodegradable and renewable for

sustainable applications (M.M. Abe, 2021).

Based on the articles and the studies of other researchers, cellulose is the key

component in making paper. The researchers are able to determine that Buri leaves can

be used as an alternative in making paper.

6
 C. Tiu (2021) conducted the "Matira, Matibay" test, measuring the durability of

paper towels by determining the number of marbles they can withstand without breaking.

The more weight it can hold, the more durable the paper as said by C. Tiu in their

experiment.

Different instruments, such as the bending force tester, have been developed to

measure the bending force of paper (Zwick, 2020). The texture analysis professionals’

blog has produced a variety of devices for measuring different properties, including the

bending force of paper or other materials. This involves placing an object on top of two

parallel metals and applying pressure from above until the object either hits the ground or

breaks, the bending force, flexibility, and brittleness were calculated (Texture Analysis

Professionals Blog, 2023).

Zwick (2020) states that testing the bending force of paper allows for the

determination of its bend strength, and resistance to fracture, and enables reliable and

trouble-free operation of packaging and filling machines. Bending force and flexibility

are inversely proportional to each other, meaning that a higher bending force indicates

lower flexibility but the higher the bending force, the higher the fracture resistance

(Stable Micro Systems, 2020).

Dan (2014) provides a conversion factor to convert grams to newtons, which is

important for measuring the force applied in bending tests.

Determining the paper's GSM (grams per square meter) is crucial as it provides

critical information about its characteristics. Solopress (2018) explains that there are

varying weights of GSM paper, allowing for the selection of the appropriate type for

7
different applications. For instance, paper with a GSM between 130 and 170 is ideal for

posters, flyers, pamphlets, and brochure pages.

Yoyo Ink (2021) mentions that sketchpads and notebooks are typically made of

55-90 GSM paper, which is inexpensive and lightweight. However, it may not be suitable

for use with sign pens and markers as they can bleed through. Printer papers, on the other

hand, are usually between 90-120 GSM, allowing for repeated printing and writing

(Solopress Blog, 1989-2023).

In conclusion, this provides valuable information about the uses of Buri plants,

the importance of paper in daily life, the environmental impact of paper production, the

properties of cellulose, the durability of paper, and the measurement of bending force and

GSM. These insights contribute to the understanding and significance of the research

paper's topic.

8
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Time and Place of the Study

The research procedure was conducted at Pulot Center, Sofronio Española, Palawan

from January 2023 to February 2023.

Preparation of Treatments

The researchers used buri leaves, tap water, a pot, a nonstick pan, measuring tools,

a spoon, a knife, a container, a chopping board, sodium hydroxide, and bleach.

First, the materials and ingredients needed were gathered. The buri leaves were

cut into small pieces and the stem was separated from the leaves using a knife and

chopping board. The buri leaves were then dried for 12 hours by putting the chopped buri

leaves in the galvanized iron sheet (roof). After that, Dried buri leaves were added to a

pot with 425ml of water while stirring. Fifteen (15) grams of sodium hydroxide was

added and slowly boiled. Then, it was left to rest in the solution for 12 hours.

Next, the buri leaves were then blended and placed in the container together with

bleach (sodium hypochlorite) while given a small amount of heat and continue stirring

and let it was rest in the bleach for 2 days, the amount of bleach and buri leaves depends

on the treatment. The ratio of buri leaves to bleach is 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. The

obtained cellulose from buri leaves was then soaked in a container with water and

transferred to a basin with water.

9
 Finally, the molder was then dipped in the solution, stirred a little, and then taken

out from the basin making a rectangular-shaped paper.

Experimental Set-up

Three treatments were used in the study to identify the most effective level of

concentration of bleach and buri leaves as an alternative paper.

Treatment 1

30g Buri Leaves

100mL bleach

Treatment 2 Treatment 3

20g Buri Leaves 10g Buri Leaves

200mL bleach 300mL Bleach

Procedure for Data Collection

Each paper in each treatment was tested on how much weight it can hold by using

the 'Matira Matibay' paper strength test to test its durability, this test was also used by C.

Tiu in 2021 to test the strength of their paper towel.

As for the paper bending force, the researchers made an improvised bending force

tester where they stacked up books parallel to each other and placed their paper on top of

it. Marbles were then added on top of the paper to measure how many weights it can hold

until it bent down to the table. The weight was then converted into force with D. Stool’s

formula of multiplying the gathered grams by 0.009806652.

10
 Grams per square meter data was collected by measuring the weight, width, and

length of paper and then calculated by using the formula below.

Weight of sample∈ grams ×1000

Grams per square meter =
Areaof sample∈cm .

Preparation for Data Analysis

In measuring the paper’s durability, the test ‘Matira, Matibay’ which was utilized

by C. Tiu (2021) in testing paper towels was employed. In which every paper was clipped

to a basin, placed a small container on top, and put marbles with in the container, marbles

were added continuously until the paper rips apart. The more marbles it can withstand,

the more durable the paper is.

As to the grammage of the treatments, this study used the classification provided

by Solopress (2018).

GSM Paper’s Traits

55 – 90 sketchpads and notebooks

90 – 120 printer papers

130 – 170 posters, flyers, pamphlets, brochures

In addition, testing the paper's bending force determined the number of grams a

paper was able to withstand with each fold. Stable Micro systems (2020) claims that each

treatment goes through 0 folds, 2 folds, and 4 folds. Measuring its resistance to fracture

and reliability, the gathered grams is then turned into newton with the formula of

multiplying the accumulated grams by 0.009806652.

11
 The data shall be treated as to the number of Newton resistance it can employ.

The higher the number of newton resistance the more resistant to fracture the paper is.

12
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter shows the detailed presentation and discussion of data analysis and

the results of this study. The findings are presented under the procedures done to test the

buri palm leaves Eco-paper’s durability, grammage, and bending force.

The durability of Buri Palm (Corypha utan) leaves as an alternative paper

In measuring the paper’s durability, the test ‘Matira, Matibay’ was employed. In

which every paper was clipped to a basin, placed a small container on top, and put

marbles with in the container, marbles were added continuously until the paper rips apart.

This test was also utilized by C. Tiu on 2021 in testing paper towels.

Table 1. The durability of Buri Palm (Corypha utan) leaves as an alternative paper.
Treatment No. of marbles Weight

Treatment 1 29 marbles 156.6. grams

Treatment 2 49 marbles 264.6 grams

Treatment 3 21 marbles 113.4 grams

T1- 30 g of Buri Leaves + 100 ml bleach

T2- 20 g of Buri Leaves + 200 ml bleach
T3- 10 g of Buri Leaves + 300 ml bleach

Table 1 shows the durability of Buri Palm (Corypha utan) leaves as an alternative

paper. Results revealed that treatment 2 has the highest number of marbles (49 marbles)

w held in a given time which weighed 264.6 grams, while Treatment 1 held only 29

13
marbles weighing 156.6 grams, and the least of all was Treatment 3 which can hold 21

marbles only which weighed 113.4 grams.

Each treatment’s durability limit with the weight of the marbles added

continuously. It was further revealed that treatment 2 in which withstood 246.6 grams

equating to 49 marbles is the most durable among the three treatments. C. Tiu stated that

the more marbles it can withstand, the more durable the paper is.

The Grammage of Buri Palm (Corypha utan) leaves as an alternative paper

This section describes the buri palm leaves Eco-paper’s grammage by finding out

its GSM or grams per square meter.

Determining the paper’s GSM provides critical information about the paper’s

traits. According to Solopress, 2018, sketchpads and notebooks range from 55-90 GSM,

while 130-170 are usually used as brochures and flyers.

Table 2. The grammage of Buri Palm leaves as an alternative paper.

Treatments Weight Length Width GSM

Treatment 1 3.80g 16cm 14cm 169.643g/m2

Treatment 2 1.30g 16cm 14cm 58.036g/m2

Treatment 3 2.50g 16cm 14cm 111.607g/m2

T1- 30 g of Buri Leaves + 100 ml bleach

T2- 20 g of Buri Leaves + 200 ml bleach
T3- 10 g of Buri Leaves + 300 ml bleach

14
 Table 2 shows how each treatment garnered different amounts of GSM. Each GSM

categorizes into the quality of the paper. Treatment 1 obtained 169.643 g/m 2 which could

be used for brochures and flyers, and Treatment 3 with 111.607g/m2 which is classified

into everyday office copier and printer. On the other hand, Treatment 2 acquired

58.036g/m2 which is classified as a lower quality paper.

The Bending Force of Buri Palm (Corypha utan) leaves as an alternative paper

Testing the paper's bending force determined the number of grams a paper was able

to withstand with each fold. Stable Micro Systems (2020) claims that each treatment goes

through 0 folds, 2 folds, and 4 folds. Measuring its resistance to fracture and reliability,

the gathered grams is then turned into newton with the formula of multiplying the

accumulated grams by 0.009806652.

Table 3. The bending force (in newton) of Buri Palm (Corypha utan) leaves as an
alternative paper.
No. of Folds
Treatments
0 fold 2 folds 4 folds

Treatment 1 0.049N 0.626N 0.592N

Treatment 2 0.049N 0.167N 0.271N

Treatment 3 0.275N 0.904N 1.451N

T1- 30 g of Buri Leaves + 100 ml bleach

T2- 20 g of Buri Leaves + 200 ml bleach
T3- 10 g of Buri Leaves + 300 ml bleach

Table 3 shows the bending force (in newton) of Buri Palm (Corypha utan) leaves as

an alternative paper. Results show that Treatment 3 was able to display the highest

number of newton resistance with each fold with 0.275N on 0 fold, 0.904N on 2 folds,

and 1.451N on 4 folds. It was followed by Treatment 1 which shows a bending force of

15
0.049N before folding, 0.626N after two folds, and 0.592N after four folds. However,

treatment 2 which was the weakest of the three treatments in terms of bending force, has

the same bending force of 0.049N with Treatment 1 before folding but has 0.0167N

after 2 folds and 0.271N after 4 folds.

This implies how Treatment 3 has a higher number of newton resistance which

denotes how it is more resistant to fracture than the two Treatments (Stable Micro

System, 2020).

16
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

This study titled “Buri Palm leaves (Corypha utan) Eco-paper” was conducted at

Pulot Center Sofronio Espanola, Palawan. It sought to determine the effectiveness of

Buri Palm Leaves Ecopaper and find which among the treatments yield the best

performance in terms of its durability, grams per square meter, and bending force.

To test the durability of each treatment, ‘Matira Matibay’ test was employed, while

the researchers used an improvised bending force tester to measure the paper’s bending

force, and measured the length, width, and weight of each paper to calculate the Grams

per Square Meter of paper.

Furthermore, based on the results of the experiments, the treatment 2 showed the

best performance in terms of the paper’s durability, it withstood 264.6 grams before it

teared apart. While in terms of the paper’s GSM, treatment 1 was classified as a paper

that is used for brochures and flyers; treatment 2 was distinguished as a low quality

paper, and treatment 3 was classified as everyday office copier and printer paper. As for

the paper’s bending force, treatment 3 showed the highest newton resistance with each

fold.

Conclusion

17
 Based on the results, the researchers concluded that “BURI PALM LEAVES

(Corypha utan) ECO-PAPER” is an effective alternative to paper since Treatment 3 was

classified as everyday office copier and printer paper based on its GSM. It was also the

most resistant to fracture since it has the highest Newton resistance. Moreover, Treatment

2 was the most durable based on the “Matira Matibay” test results.

Recommendation

Based on the following outcome of the study, the researchers would like to

recommend the following:

1. Future researchers may use this study for future research.

2. In trying to make an eco-paper, use a larger and better molder, and a deckle.

3. Future researchers may study further Buri leaves’ potential in making useful

everyday items.

18
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Fact sheet pulp bleaching - Stora Enso. (n.d.).

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sustainability/pulp_bleaching_fact_sheet_2017.pdf

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https://www.zwickroell.com/industries/paper-cardboard-tissues/paper/2-point-

flexure-tests/#:~:text=Purpose%20of%20the%20test,be%20flexible%20within

%20defined%20limits

Folding endurance: Paper testing physical properties. Smithers. (n.d.).

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Halai, S. (2018, July 1). 4 advantages of eco-friendly packaging. Fremantle Packaging

Supplies. https://www.fremantlepackaging.com.au/blogs/news/4-advantages-of-

eco-friendly-packaging

19
How to measure flexibility and bending force. Stable Micro Systems. (n.d.).

https://www.stablemicrosystems.com/measure-material-flexibility.htm

Instruments, P. T. (2020, August 1). What is the best way to calculate bursting index

and bursting factor?. Pacorr Testing Instruments Pvt. Ltd.

https://www.pacorr.com/blog/what-is-the-best-way-to-calculate-bursting-index-

and-bursting-factor/

Properties of paper. Properties of Paper, (Paper Properties). (n.d.).

https://www.paperonweb.com/paperpro.htm

Solopress. (2020, February 27). Paper weight - what is GSM? understanding paper

weights for your print. Solopress. https://www.solopress.com/blog/tutorials/what-

is-gsm-paper-weight/

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 APPENDICES

21
Appendix A-Gallery

GATHERING THE BURI PALM LEAVES.

22
 CUTTING BURI INTO SMALL PIECES AND SEPERATING THE STEMS.

BURI LEAVES WERE THEN DRIED FOR 12 HOURS.

23
 THE DRIED BURI LEAVES WAS ADDED TO A POT WITH 450ML OF HOT

WATER WHILE STIRRING.

15 GRAMS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE WAS ADDED AND SLOWLY BOILED.

24
THE BURI LEAVES WERE THEN BLENDED ON THE CONTAINER TOGETHER

WITH BLEACH (SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE)

25
THE OBTAINED CELLULOSE FROM THE BURI LEAVES WAS THEN SOAKED

IN A CONTAINER.

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EACH TREATMENT IS THEN TAKEN OUT OF ITS CONTAINER TO BE DIPPED

IN THE SOLUTION , STIRRED A LITTLE AND TAKEN OUT FROM THE BASIN

MAKING A RECTANGULAR SHAPED PAPER.

THE THREE TREATMENTS ARE SET OUT TO DRY.

27
EACH TREATMENTS WAS TESTED ON HOW MUCH WEIGHT IT CAN HOLD

WITH THE MATIRA MATIBAY TEST.

28
MEASURING THE BENDING FORCE OF EACH PAPER

0 FOLD

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 2 FOLDS

4 FOLDS

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31