Simulasi 1

Text I
Vitamin D deficiency is traditionally associated with bone and muscle weakness, but in recent
years a number of studies have shown that low levels of the vitamin may predispose the body to high
blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and chronic blood vessel inflammation (associated with
hardening of the arteries). It also alters hormone levels to increase insulin resistance, which raises the
risk of diabetes.
In a review article published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, researchers
surveyed recent studies on the link between vitamin D deficiency and heart disease to come up with
practical advice on screening and treatment. They concluded that vitamin D deficiency is much more
common than previously thought, affecting up to half of adults and apparently healthy children in the
U.S.
Researchers say higher rates of vitamin D deficiency may be due in part to people spending more time
indoors and efforts to minimize sun exposure through the use of sunscreens. Sunscreen with a sun
protection factor (SPF) of 15 blocks approximately 99% of vitamin D synthesis by the skin.
“We are outside less than we used be, and older adults and people who are overweight or
obese are less efficient at making vitamin D in response to sunlight,” says O’Keefe. “A little bit of
sunshine is a good thing, but the use of sunscreen to guard against skin cancer is important if you plan
to be outside for more than 15 to 30 minutes of intense sunlight exposure.”

1. The main idea of this passage is that

(A) Vitamin D deficiency in one’s body is the main cause of diseases.
(B) Traditional vitamin D deficiency causes problems in bones and muscles.
(C) Research findings show vitamin D deficiency may lead to health problems.
(D) The best source of vitamin D to improve one’s health comes from sunshine.
(E) The U.S. researchers say-that sunscreen can keep everyone from skin diseases.

2. Skin cancer is believed to be the effect of ….

(A) Chronic vitamin D deficiency.
(B) Excessive exposure to sunlight.
(C) Doing more indoor activities.
(D) Low levels of vitamin consumption.
(E) Lack of sun protection factor.

3. Paragraph preceding the text will probably discuss about…..

(A) Types of vitamins which are good for our health
(B) The danger of insufficiency of vitamin D in human body
(C) Vitamin D and its benefits to our health
(D) The danger of vitamin deficiency to our health
(E) The relation between skin cancer and vitamin D deficiency

4. For whom the passage is intended?

(A) Doctors and medical staff
(B) The students of medical faculty
(C) People in general
(D) The minister of health
(E) Physicians
5. The clause, “They concluded that vitamin D deficiency is much more common than previously
thought, affecting up to half of adults and apparently healthy children in the U.S.” can be restated as
(A) Researchers sum up that vitamin D sufficiency is more usual than it is thought before which affects
more adults and unhealthy children in the U.S.
(B) Researchers summarize that vitamin D deficiency is more usual than it is thought before which does
not affect many adults and healthy children in the U.S.
(C) Researchers sum up that vitamin D deficiency is not usual when it is thought before which affects
more adults and unhealthy children in the U.S.
(D) Researchers sum up that vitamin D sufficiency is more usual than it is thought before which affects
more adults and healthy children in the U.S.
(E) Researchers sum up that lack of vitamin D is more usual than it is thought before which affects
more adults and healthy children in the U.S.

TEXT 3A
A human spends about a third of their lives asleep: Hence, there must be a point to it. Scientist
has found that sleep helps consolidate memories, fixing them in the brain so we can retrieve them later.
Now, new research is showing that sleep also seems to reorganize memories, picking out the
emotional details and reconfiguring the memories to help you produce new and creative ideas,
according to the authors of an article in Current Directions in Psychological Science. Sleep is making
memories stronger," says Jessica D. Payne of the University of Notre Dame, who co-wrote the review
with Elizabeth A. Kensinger of Boston College. "It also seems to be doing something which I think is so
much more interesting, and that is reorganizing and restructuring memories.
Payne and Kensinger study what happen to memories during sleep, and they have found that a
person tends to hang on to the most emotional part of a memory. For example, if someone is shown a
scene with an emotional object, such as a wrecked car, in the foreground, they're more likely to
remember the emotional object than, say, the palm trees in the background - particularly if they're
tested after a night of sleep. They have also measured brain activity during sleep and found that
regions of the brain involved with emotion and memory consolidation are active. One of the first to go to
fast-paced society is sleep. That is based on a profound misunderstanding that the sleeping brain isn't
doing anything. "In fact, the brain is busy. It's not just consolidating memories, it's organizing them and
picking out the most salient information. Payne thinks this is what makes it possible for people to come
up with creative, new ideas.

TEXT 3B
Sleep not only protects memories from outside interferences but also helps strengthen them,
according to research presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 59th Annual Meeting in
Boston. The study looked at memory recall with and without interference (competing for information).
Forty-eight people between the ages of 18 and 30 took part in the study. All had normal, healthy sleep
routines and were not taking any medications. Participants were divided evenly into four groups awake
group without interference, awake group with interference, a sleep group without interference and a
sleep group with interference. All groups were taught the same 20 pairs of words in the initial training
session.
The wake groups were taught the word pairings at 9 a.m. and then tested on them at 9 p.m. and
tested on them at 9 a.m. after a night of sleep. Just prior to testing, the interference groups were given
a second list of word pairs to remember. The first word in each pair was the same on both lists, but the
second word was different, testing the brain's ability to handle competing information, known as
interference. The interference groups were then tested on both lists. The study found that people who
slept after learning the information performed best, successfully recalling more words. Those in the
sleep group without interference were able to recall 12 percent more word pairings from the first list
than the wake group without interference. With interference, the recall rate was 44 percent higher for
the sleep group.

6. Which of the following statements represents a fact that can be found in either text?
(A) People who sleep sufficiently tend to be more creative.
(B) Sleep helps enhance one's memories and creativity.
(C) Sleep is highly needed in a busy and modern society.
(D) Enough sleep is a vital factor for critical thinking.
(E) The brain is not active when people are sleeping.

7. The focus of research in both texts differs, in that Text 3A is on

(A) Protection of healthy sleep routines; Text B memory strength on vocabulary.
(B) Consolidation of emotion and memory; Text B protection of healthy sleep routines.
(C) Sleep patterns with interferences; Text B the role of sleep in memory call.
(D) The role of sleep in in memory and creativity; Text B interferences and memory recall.
(E) On memory strengths on vocabulary; Text B the role of sleep in memory recall.

8. Which of the following can best sum up both texts?

(A) Sleep patterns considerably affect one's creativity.
(B) Sleep leads recall abilities to a better performance.
(C) The longer people sleep, the better they memorize.
(D) Healthy people usually sleep without interferences.
(E) Memories and regular sleep patterns affect each other.

9. What is the main idea of Text 3A?

(A) Sleep helps consolidate memories and produce new creative ideas.
(B) Sleep not only protects memories from outside interferences but also helps strengthen them.
(C) The first word in each pair was the same on both lists, but the second word was different, testing
the brain's ability to handle competing information, known as interference.
(D) Memories and regular sleep patterns are considered to give some effect to each other.
(E) According to the authors of an article in Current Directions in Psychological Science. Sleep is not
making memories stronger.

10. In text 3B, the sentence 'Sleep not only protects memories from outside interferences but also helps
strengthen them' according to research presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 59th
Annual Meeting in Boston can be restated as
(A) Sleep neither protects memories from outside interferences nor help strengthen them.
(B) Sleep either protects memories from outside interferences or help strengthen them.
(C) Sleep both protects memories from outside interferences and helps strengthen them.
(D) Sleep only protects memories from outside interferences while it doesn't help strengthen them.
(E) Sleep neither protects memories from outside interferences or help strengthen them.

11. The purpose of Text 3B is to

(A) Inform that sleep protects memories from outside interferences and helps strengthen them.
(B) Contrast the idea that sleep can protect the memory and consolidate them.
(C) Compare the sleep with and without interference and the effect related to the creative ideas.
(D) Inform that sleep can reorganize memories, picking out the emotional details and reconfiguring the
memories to help you produce new and creative ideas.
(E) Argue that whether sleep can consolidate memories and produce creative ideas.

12. What is the author's attitude towards the passage?

(A) Sarcastic.
(B) Informative.
(C) Critical.
(D) Subjective.
(E) Concern.

Initiating boys into manhood is an ancient African tradition still valued and practiced by many
tribes in South Africa. In some tribes, a male is never recognized as a real man if he has not
participated in the formal rituals. To undergo initiation, boys as young as 12 are compelled to stay in
the mountains away from their families for about five weeks. What happens there is shrouded in
secrecy and never discussed once they return. But what is known is that hundreds of boys have
died in recent years while others have lost their manhood during some of these initiation rituals.

In June and July alone, 29 initiates from various initiation schools died during the process in
Mpumalanga Province. Thirty died in the country’s Eastern Cape Province while close to 300 were
hospitalized as a result of botched circumcisions.

Ronnie Masilela, spokesperson for the Department of Health on Mpumalanga Province, said
that most of the boys had died because of excessive bleeding and after the investigation that had
been conducted, the preliminary report had pointed out to some omissions on the part of some of
the people who had been conducting the schools. There are also concerns that the boys risk
contracting HIV following reports that some surgeons use a single knife in circumcising all the
initiates. Despite the risks, South Africans seem reluctant to abandon or modify the practice.

On this August day here in the remote village of Wales in the impoverished Mpumalanga
province, the entire community has gathered to welcome back 131 young men who have just
completed their initiation. Sylvester Mashego is one of them. He says participating in the rituals and
respecting the rules is what is expected of him. He said that he had been afraid because he had not
known what’s going to happen to him when he got there. He added that culture was a culture.
Those other things that they had done were a secret. Mashego and other boys are not allowed to
talk about it.

Elliot Mahlake is a traditional surgeon who believes the initiation is key to preparing boys for the
challenges of adulthood. He says there is nothing dangerous in the ritual if care is taken. He says
his father taught him that the most important thing he can do is treat the initiates well and feed
them. He says he had 8 people who helped him with the initiates and that no harm came to them.
The Mpumalanga Department of Health’s Masilela agrees that the initiations do not need to be risky
and that is why the government is stepping up efforts to make them safer through education on the
best initiation practices. Adapted from: https://www.voanews.com/africa/s-african-manhood-
initiation-entrenched-despite-dangers

13. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?

(A) Some boys died because of contagious disease during the initiation practice.
(B) Mashego's story during the initiation spread rapidly among villagers.
(C) Few students were hospitalized as a result of botched circumcisions.
(D) South Africans seem unwilling to abandon or modify the initiation practice in spite of its risks.
(E) Elliot Mahlake strongly believes that ritual the initiation is dangerous.

14. How is the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 5 related?

(A) The former tells about the history of initiation practice happened in South Africa; the later tells about
the doctor’s concern about the proper care of the circumcision practice.
(B) The former tells about the need of conducting ritual to pursue the manhood; the later tells about the
risks which the boys should experience during the initiation process.
(C) The former tells about a number of the boys who died because of excessive bleeding during the
initiation practice; the later tells about the less dangerous risks happened in the ritual if care is taken
properly.
(D) The former tells about the ritual held in a remote village of Mpumalanga Province; the later tells
about the doctors who involve in an initiation process.
(E) The former tells about the victims of a sacred rituals in a tribe; the later tells about the risks which
happened to some boys in a tribe ritual.

15. What is the author’s intention by writing those other things that they had done were a secret in
paragraph 4?
(A) To describe about the process of the publicly shown initiation.
(B) To inform that the initiation process is sacred and prohibited to share to public.
(C) To inform about the initiation that every boy has to experience.
(D) To explain about the prohibited ritual done in tribal society.
(E) To elaborate the concept of the initiation done in a tribe.

16. The paragraph that mentions about the community gathering to welcome back hundreds of young
men who have just completed their initiation process is…

(A) Paragraph 1
(B) Paragraph 2
(C) Paragraph 3
(D) Paragraph 4
(E) Paragraph 5
17. The word compelled in the passage has similar meaning to…

(A) Ended
(B) Forced
(C) Completed
(D) Cooperated
(E) Expelled