PLAN OF MANAGEMENT

MINNIE WATER FORESHORE RESERVE

Adopted by the Minister Assisting the Minister for Natural Resources (Lands)
on 13 May 2003.
Acknowledgments
The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Trust acknowledges the support of the Minnie Water community, the
Department of Land & Water Conservation, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Solitary Island Marine Park and
Pristine Waters Council in development of the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Plan of Management 2003. This
plan is based on a review of the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Plan of Management, 1989 and documents the
latest management objectives, strategies and actions of the current Trust.

The Trust wishes to acknowledge those within the Minnie Water community whom have donated much time,
money and effort into the ongoing care and restoration of the Reserve’s natural, recreational and social assets for
the enjoyment of and appreciation by the wider community. Thanks also to:
Minnie Water Community Dune Care
Minnie Water Progress Association
Minnie Water Wooli Surf Life Saving Club
Yuraygir Landcare Inc.

The assistance of the Trustees and Reserve Staff are also acknowledged.

Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Plan of Management

May 2003.

© 2003 Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Trust

PO Box 13 ULMARRA NSW 2462
Phone: 02 6641 7200
Fax: 02 6641 7271
E-mail: council@pristinewaters.nsw.com.au

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M I N N IE W A T E R F O R E S H O R E R E S E R V E P L A N OF M A N A G E M E N T 2003
 Table of Contents
Introduction .........................................................................................................................2
The Planning Process ..........................................................................................................2
Plan Preparation ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Community Consultation ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Planning Context .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Crown Lands Act, 1989 .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
North Coast Crown Reserves Management Strategy 1994. .................................................................................................. 3
Local Government Act, 1993 .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, 1979 ............................................................................................................. 4
Companion Animals Act, 1998 ................................................................................................................................................. 4
NSW Coastal Policy .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Regional Environmental Plan .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Ulmarra Local Environmental Plan .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Solitary Islands Marine Park Operational Plan ....................................................................................................................... 5
Planning Process Diagram .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Accountability ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Location and Regional Setting ..........................................................................................7
Location and Boundary ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Regional Context .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Surrounding Land Uses ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Values of the Reserve..........................................................................................................9
Natural Values................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Vegetation ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Native Fauna ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Geology and Landform .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Cultural Values ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Aboriginal Cultural Values ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Historic Cultural Values............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Recreational & Tourism Values ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Research & Educational Values ................................................................................................................................................... 11
Scenic & Aesthetic Values ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Reserve Management Issues............................................................................................12
Coastal Processes and Hazards .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Water Quality .................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Fish Cleaning ................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Pollution........................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Nip Welsh Park............................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Vehicle Access to Beaches ............................................................................................................................................................ 14
Fire Risk ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Purpose of Management Plan .........................................................................................15
Vision Statement ................................................................................................................17
Management Principles ....................................................................................................17
Natural Environment..................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Cultural Values ................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Recreation ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Community Involvement .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Fire Management: ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Integrated Coastal Management: ................................................................................................................................................. 17
Reserve Management & Legislation ............................................................................................................................................ 17
Management Units ............................................................................................................19
Management Unit 1 Open Space Unit ........................................................................................................................................ 19

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M I N N IE W A T E R F O R E S H O R E R E S E R V E P L A N OF M A N A G E M E N T 2003
 Management Unit 2 Environmental Protection Unit.............................................................................................................. 19
Management Unit 3 Escarpment Unit ........................................................................................................................................ 20
Management Objectives and Strategies .........................................................................21
References ...........................................................................................................................30
Appendices .........................................................................................................................31
Appendix 1a - Flora Species List for Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve ........................................................................... 32
Appendix 1b - Fauna Species List for Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve ......................................................................... 35
Appendix 1c – Predicted Threatened Flora & Fauna Species for Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve ......................... 40

List of Illustrations
List of Maps
Figure 1-Locality of Minnie Water
Figure 2-Floristic Communities of Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve
Figure 3-Bushfire Hazard Management Zones
Figure 4-Local Environmental Plan
Figure 5-Reserve Management Units
Figure 6-Improvements and Facilities

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M I N N IE W A T E R F O R E S H O R E R E S E R V E P L A N OF M A N A G E M E N T 2003
 Glossary of Terms
Action Practical, achievable and measurable things that need to be done to implement the
management strategies.
Basis for Management A section of the Plan of Management that identifies the vision statement, values,
role and desired outcomes for management of the subject land.
Clarence Valley Bush Fire Responsible for identifying bush fire risk and planning management
Management Committee. strategies to minimise fire impacts.
Clarence Valley Weeds Organisation responsible for identifying, managing and advising on weeds in
Authority (CVWA) the Clarence Valley.
Department of Lands Department responsible for managing Crown reserves in NSW and overseeing Plan
of Management preparation under the Crown Lands Act 1989. Formerly part of
Department of Land & Water Conservation (DLWC).
Desired outcomes Fundamental expectations and directions for making decisions. Also known as
goals, aims and objectives.
Management principles Foundations or rules that guide how the subject land should be managed.
Issues Opportunities and problems that affect management of community land. Issues may
be a point of conflict between stakeholders or may impact on the land itself.
Locally endemic species Plants or animals which naturally occur in an area. Locally endemic plants sourced
from local seed stock should be used in any landscaping of the reserve.
Management area Identifiable precincts, units or sectors of land based on natural, economic, or social
factors, or a combination of these factors.
Management strategy A policy or direction that assists in guiding actions to address issues.
Mosaic fire regime Fire management strategy where different sections of bush are burnt using different
timing, frequency and intensity of fire to encourage development of a range of
vegetation types within an area. A pattern of diverse habitats is created to cater for a
broad range of flora and fauna.
Performance measure A means of measuring or assessing performance in achieving specific actions.
Plan of Management A statutory document prepared under Sections 112-116 of the Crown Lands Act,
1989, and adopted by the Minister. Outlines the role and direction of a Crown
Reserve and provides guidance on the administration, use, development and
management of the land resource.
Priority The importance of a management action in terms of the implementation of the Plan
of Management. ‘High’ priority actions may need to be implemented immediately
while ‘low’ priority or ‘ongoing’ actions may be implemented later or over time.
Pristine Waters Council Formerly Ulmarra Shire Council. Council as Trust manager is charged with the
care, control and management of the reserve under the Crown Lands Act 1989.
Role The function of the subject land within the system of open space. How a Crown
reserve fits into the local or regional Crown reserve system.
Strategy A statement of how to achieve the desired outcome.
Values The qualities of the Crown or community land that are significant, special or
important, and that we wish to protect or enhance.
Vision A short, over-riding statement of how the community wishes to see the land to be in
20 to 50 years time for future generations.
 Part A
Basis for
Management

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Introduction of management is a legal document that outlines how
an area will be managed in the years ahead.
The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve covers an area
of approximately 49 hectares adjoining the small A discussion paper on the Reserve was first
coastal village of Minnie Water on the New South produced by the Grafton Crown Lands Office in 1985.
Wales north coast. The Reserve was set aside by the Subsequently, a formal Plan of Management was
Crown for the purpose of public recreation by adopted by the Minister in 1989.
notification in the Government Gazette on 28th
December, 1962 This document is presented in two parts: Part A
provides the basis for management, while Part B
Bounded by the Yuraygir National Park to the north, provides the strategies through which the aims and
south and west, the unique natural environment of objectives will be achieved.
the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve plays an
important role in the protection and conservation of
native flora and fauna and is a significant place for
Community Consultation
Aboriginal people. The Solitary Islands Marine Park Effective community consultation and community
is situated adjacent to the Reserve. input is essential to ensure that a Plan of
Management meets the needs of the community and
The original settlement was formerly known as “Wire has the support of the local community at the
Fence” as a result of a wire fence established along implementation stage.
the edge of the escarpment by early graziers to
prevent cattle from straying. Mining and fishing were Community consultation during the review of Minnie
also important rural activities that supported the early Water Foreshore Reserve Plan of Management has
settlers. taken place over an extended period. In 1995
Ulmarra Shire Council prepared a discussion paper
These days Minnie Water is a popular tourist which took the form of a revised draft Plan of
attraction and holiday destination renown for its Management. Public exhibition, and comment on the
natural beauty, breathtaking ocean views and 1995 draft plan was sought from the community.
picturesque surroundings. The Minnie Water
Foreshore Reserve is an integral part of the local In August 1996 a community meeting was held at the
attractions and supports a diverse range of Minnie Water Public Hall to discuss the merits of the
recreational opportunities for the local community and draft Plan. A community survey was then distributed
visitors, from picnicking amongst brilliant birdlife to to local residents. Completed surveys,
spectacular whale watching from One Tree Point. correspondence and formal submissions were
carefully reviewed and considered.
This revised Plan of Management provides the
framework to enable the Minnie Water Foreshore The 1995 draft plan was considerably revised in 2000
Reserve Trust to protect, promote and conserve the and the amended Plan of Management was placed
outstanding values of this Reserve over the next 10 on public exhibition for 28 days on the 12th May 2000.
years. The Trust is committed to working in The document was placed on public exhibition at the
partnership with the community in the implementation offices of Pristine Waters Council and the Grafton
of the recommendations contained in the plan. Department of Land and Water Conservation.

The community was given further opportunity to

Land Description & Status comment during a second public exhibition period
Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve comprises Reserve conducted from 1st January 2001. The community
84129 for Public Recreation notified on the 28 was given the chance to discuss issues with the land
December 1962. managers at a public meeting and make further
submissions on the revised draft plan. The exhibition
The land is described as Lot 24 DP 46041 Parish of period was extended for 2 weeks with submissions
Scope County Clarence (Figure 1). The total area of closing on the 15th February, 2001.
the reserve is approximately 49.0 ha.
All comments concerning the Minnie Water
The Planning Process Foreshore Reserve were considered prior to the
preparation and adoption of this final Plan of
Management.
Plan Preparation
Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Plan of The Trust encourages community ownership and
Management has been prepared in accordance with stewardship of the Reserve through the provision of
Section 112 of the Crown Lands Act 1989. The plan opportunities for the community to be involved in
planning and management. The Trust values

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all contributions from the community and looks The Strategy resulted from the need to develop an
forward to working with the community in improved management approach aimed at
implementing this plan. recognising and protecting the intrinsic values of the
land, and its natural, cultural and social resources for
Planning Context the benefit of present and future generations. The
Strategy builds on the Principles of Crown Land
The planning process must consider a wide range of
Management which are detailed in Section 1.7
legislation, and Government policies that establish
above. The Vision for the Crown Reserve System is:
legal requirements, recommendations and guidelines
for the management of Crown Reserves. Some of
“To protect and enhance the natural and cultural
these are outlined below.
values of NSW
Crown Reserves providing a wide range of
Crown Lands Act, 1989 opportunities for the
The Crown Lands Act 1989 is administered by the recreational, social and economic wellbeing of our
NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation. community”.
The management of Crown Reserves is overseen by
the Department in partnership with a trustee The management goals of the NCCRMS are based
appointed on behalf of the community of NSW. on State-wide management principles for the Crown
Pristine Waters Council is the appointed Trustee for Reserves System and will be achieved through:
Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve.  recognising, protecting and enhancing the
conservation, social and economic values of
Crown Reserves are managed in accordance with reserves;
the following Principles of Crown Land Management  inventory and classification of reserves and their
as set out in the Crown Lands Act 1989: values as being of local, regional, state or
a) That environmental protection principles be national significance;
observed in relation to the management and  linking Reserves in a management strategy
administration of Crown land; which encourages an integrated Crown Reserves
b) That the natural resources of Crown land system;
(including water, soil, flora, fauna and scenic  managing and caring for reserves within a
quality) be conserved wherever possible; regional management framework;
c) That public use and enjoyment of appropriate  fostering cooperative management and care of
Crown land should be encouraged; the reserves by the community, users and
d) That, where appropriate, Crown land should visitors;
be used and managed in such a way that  helping to establish and protect regional open
both the land and its resources are sustained space in conjunction with open space managed
in perpetuity; and by other agencies;
e) That Crown land be occupied, used, sold,  encouraging excellence in Reserve management
leased, licensed or otherwise dealt with in the by providing guidelines, standards and incentives
best interests of the State. for Trusts to achieve this goal;
 achieving a high degree of self reliance in
funding management action;
North Coast Crown Reserves Management  encouraging ecologically sustainable
Strategy 1994. development, sensitive ecotourism and ethical
business practices;
 promoting reserves in a manner which educates
The North Coast Crown Reserves Management and inspires Reserve users, visitors and
Strategy (NCCRMS) provides the focus for the future managers to understand and appreciate Reserve
direction of the administration of the Crown Reserves values;
System on the North Coast of NSW which stretches  adopting an evaluation process which
between Hastings Shire in the south, to the encourages feedback and review.
Queensland border in the north and the Great
Dividing Range to the west. Within this region, a Underlying the North Coast Crown Reserves Strategy
significant amount of land, including approximately is the recognition that:
65% of the coastline, is protected in Crown Reserves.
Over 1500 of these Reserves are managed by the  the key of the Crown Reserves System is the
community, mostly by local Councils with magnetism of Crown Reserves and their values;
administration and support from the Department of  the involvement of people leads to greater
Land & Water Conservation. community awareness;
 the commitment of community energy should be
matched by government support;

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 the importance of the Reserve system is organisations with responsibilities that are at times
increased when linked to other land management complementary, but can often be unrelated and
systems; overlapping. The Coastal Policy attempts to better
 the future lies in cooperative action and mutual coordinate the management of the coast by
support in Reserve care. identifying the State’s various management policies,
programs, and standards as they apply to a defined
coastal zone.
Local Government Act, 1993
The Coastal Policy is accompanied by guidelines to
The Local Government Act 1993 is administered by indicate how it should be implemented by local
local councils within NSW. Where the control of government in the planning processes and reporting
public land rests with a local Council, the land is requirements under the Local Government Act 1993.
deemed to be classified as community land under the The NSW government has recently launched the
Act. Part 2 of the Local Government Act (Public “Coastal Protection” package, which includes a
Land) states that the use and management of comprehensive coastal assessment, a State
community land is to be regulated by a Plan of Environmental Planning Policy for coastal protection,
Management. Until a Plan of Management is and an extension and update of the NSW Coastal
adopted, the nature and use of the land must not Policy.
change.
The Policy applies to inshore areas, coastal water
bodies and land of coastal features such as lakes,
bays and tidal rivers. Thus, the lands within the
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, Reserve are covered by this Policy.
1979
Part 5 of the NSW Environmental Planning and SEPP 71
Assessment Act 1979 (EP & A Act) places a duty on State Environmental Planning Policy (SEPP) 71 was
all public authorities to fully assess the environmental released in October 2002 and is designed to protect
impact of activities prior to making a decision the NSW coastal zone and its sensitive environment
regarding the activity. This Act is administered by from over development and pollution. The policy also
various NSW Government organisations associated aims to protect public access to beaches and
environmental planning. When considering the foreshores. All major developments such as those
impacts of a proposal certain matters, specified under over 13 metres high, and all high-risk coastal
sections 111 and 112 of the EP & A Act, must be developments, such as those near sensitive
taken into account. rainforest and wetland environments, will be
considered by Planning NSW rather than by local
councils. The Planning Minister will also be the
Companion Animals Act, 1998 consent authority for specific types of coastal
The Companion Animals Act 1998 was developed development including tourist facilities and
with the aim of looking after the welfare of animals, recreational establishments. This policy is therefore
their owners, the community and the environment. directly relevant to any future planning and
The Act encourages responsible pet ownership, development of the Minnie Water Foreshore
whereby pets are kept under control by their owners. Reserve.
Under the Act pet owners are accountable for their
pet’s actions including excessive noise, damage to
property and threat to people or other animals. Regional Environmental Plan
Pristine Waters Council in compliance with the North Coast Regional Environmental Plan (NCREP)
Companion Animals Act 1998 and in consultation establishes guidelines for planning, preparation of
with the community adopted a local Companion Local Environment Plans and recognition of
Animals Management Plan in May 2002. The government policies. The NCREP provides for; (1)
management plan outlines the actions and strategies the development of regional policies that protect the
to be employed by Council when dealing with natural environment; (2) the encouragement of an
companion animals in the loca government area. efficient and attractive built environment; (3)
productive yet sustainable development; (4) the
consolidation of existing policies applying to the
NSW Coastal Policy region; (5) the coordination of activities related to
The NSW Coastal Policy (1997) provides a growth in the region; (5) and the initiation of a
framework to balance and coordinate management of regional planning process that serves as a framework
the coast’s unique physical, ecological, cultural, and for identifying priorities for further investigation.
economic attributes. The NSW coast is managed by
a range of government and non-government

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The objectives of the NCREP with respect to lands  to prevent development which would
surrounding the Reserve are to: adversely affect, or be adversely affected by,
 provide corridors between significant areas of in both the long and short term, coastal
natural vegetation and wildlife habitats; and processes;
 enhance and protect the visual amenity of  to protect and preserve areas of urban
the coastal environment, including areas bushland which are considered valuable in
adjacent to headlands, skylines and terms of their natural heritage significance
escarpments. and recreational, educational, aesthetic and
scientific value; and
Ulmarra Local Environmental Plan  to enable the development of the land for
other purposes where it can be demonstrated
The Ulmarra LEP (1992) is Council’s principal
by the applicant for development consent
planning document for Minnie Water. It governs
that suitable lands or buildings for the
uses/developments that are permissible without
proposed purpose are not available
Council consent and with Council consent as well as
elsewhere and that such a use can be
uses that are prohibited.
designed to minimise the impact of the
development on the land and nearby land.
A number of “LEP Zones” apply to the Minnie Water
area including the following:
 2 (Village Zone) Solitary Islands Marine Park Operational Plan
 1 (e)Rural “E” [Urban Investigation] Zone) The Solitary Islands Marine Park is located east of
 6 (a) (Open Space Zone) the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve. The coastline
surrounding Minnie Water and the waters
 7 (f1) (Environmental Protection [Coastal Lands
immediately adjacent have been zoned Habitat
Protection] Zone)
Protection (Marine Parks Authority, 2002). The
 1 (a) (General Rural Zone)
overview of the Zoning Plan is a summary of the
 3(b) (Business Zone) zoning and management arrangements for the
Solitary Islands Marine Park. This document
Maps held at Councils South Grafton Office indicate provides detailed descriptions of zones and activities
the boundaries of the different LEP zones in the that may be conducted in specific locations.
locality. The zones each have a “land use table which
indicates permissible uses (with and without Council The Marine Parks Act 1997 and the Marine Parks
consent) and prohibited uses. Council’s Regulations 1999 govern the Solitary Islands Marine
Environmental Services Division at South Grafton Park. The objectives of the Act are:
can provide basic details on uses permissible in the
 to conserve marine biological diversity and
various LEP zones. However, for legal liability
marine habitats by declaring and providing
reasons Council officers cannot provide verbal advice
for the management of a comprehensive
on the zoning applicable to specific properties.
system of marine parks
 to maintain ecological processes in marine
Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is zoned 6(a) -
parks
Open Space, while the adjacent village of Minnie
Water is zoned 2 - Village Zone. The Objectives of  to provide for ecological sustainable use of
zone 6 (a) - Open Space Zone are: fish and marine vegetation in marine parks,
and
 to recognise publicly owned land used or
capable of being used for recreational  to provide opportunities for public
purposes; appreciation, understanding and enjoyment
of marine parks.
 to ensure that there is an adequate provision
of open space areas to meet the present
It is imperative that this document be considered
open space and recreational needs of all
during the preparation of this plan. Land practises
residents
adjacent to the marine park have the potential to
 to enable the development of land for
threaten sensitive marine environments within the
purposes associated with recreation;
Solitary Islands Marine Park. All activities conducted
 to provide opportunities to enhance the total within the Reserve need to take into account the
environmental quality of the Shire of Ulmarra; adverse effects it may have upon the health of this
 to ensure that there is adequate provision of important marine ecosystem.
both active and passive open space to serve
the present and future recreational needs of
residents and visitors;
 to protect littoral rainforests occurring in the
zone;

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Planning Process Diagram account. Once the Plan has been approved by the
Reserve Trust it is submitted to the Minister for Land
The diagram below shows the procedure through
and Water Conservation for adoption.
which a Plan of Management is produced. When
generating a Plan of Management for a Reserve it is
important to review all existing documents including
past management plans, discussions papers and
studies (eg, flora and fauna). It is essential that
relevant legislation and policy be taken also into

Review Existing Consider Relevant Policy Community

Documents & Legislation Consultation

Submissions
Draft
Plan of
Management

Final
REVIEWED by
Plan of
Department of Land & Management
Water Conservation

Adopted by the
Minister for
Land &Water
Conservation

6
Implementation and Review reserve from which the Council receives revenue
This Plan provides a long-term strategy for the of any nature, details of improvements effected
management of the Minnie Water Foreshore on each reserve, and details of all leases and
Reserve. It is anticipated that the majority of the licences granted or in force.
management actions will be implemented over the
next 8-10 years. Development Proposal Assessment
Under Section 114 of the Crown Lands Act 1989, the Issues to be considered by the Reserve Trust when
Reserve Trust, following adoption of the Plan by the deciding whether a particular land use or
Minister, is required to implement the Plan and not to development is appropriate include:
allow any operations or development that is not
permitted by the Plan. Alteration of the adopted Plan  The compatibility of the proposal with the notified
is covered by Section 115 of the Act and may be purpose of the reserve;
required after a period of five years to keep abreast  The impact on the existing use of the reserve;
of the changing expectations and requirements of the  The compatibility with the Vision and
community and ensure the Plan remains useful and Management Principles embodied in the PoM for
relevant. the reserve;
 The need for the proposal and whether it will
Funding for management of the reserve will be promote and be ancillary to the use and
sought from a range of Government, Council, and enjoyment of the reserve, as distinct from
community sources. The Minister for Land & Water satisfying a requirement generated by an
Conservation has formally directed that any surplus adjoining property or by an unassociated
profits from the Minnie Waters Caravan Park may be community need;
transferred from the Caravan Park Trust to the Minnie  The advantage and benefit that the development
Waters Foreshore Reserve Trust. would bring to the normal reserve user;
 The management responsibility and public
The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Trust may availability of the development to reserve users;
enter into a lease or licence for the whole or part of  The need for a lease and its draft terms,
the lands to which this Plan of Management applies conditions and rental that would apply;
provided that:
 The North Coast Crown Reserves Management
Strategy.
 The purpose of the lease or license is in
accordance with the notified purpose of the
Reserve, the adopted Plan of Management and, Location and Regional Setting
relevant Crown and Council policies and
guidelines.
Location and Boundary
 The use and/or occupation of the land is in the
public interest. Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is located on the far
 The granting of the lease or licence be in north coast of New South Wales, lying approximately
accordance with the provisions of the Crown 45 kilometres south east of the regional centre of
Lands Act 1989. Grafton.

The Reserve covers an area of approximately 49.0

hectares and adjoins Yuraygir National Park to the
Accountability north and south, with residential properties and
vacant Crown land to the west.
The Crown Lands Regulation (2000) specifies the
accountability of the Reserve Trust in terms of the The Reserve extends along much of the eastern
management of the Reserve. Section 33 directs that boundary of the small coastal village of Minnie Water,
Reserve Trust reports must be prepared annually a popular holiday location for locals and visitors of the
detailing the income, expenditure, assets, liabilities Clarence Valley Region.
and improvements of the reserve as well as the
details of any leases or licences granted by the Trust. Regional Context
Section 34 directs that the Trust must keep the
following records as detailed in Schedule 4 of the North eastern New South Wales has been identified
Regulation: as the second most biodiverse region in Australia, the
first being the Daintree Rainforest region. The region
 Where a reserve trust is managed by a council is of extremely high ecological significance and
as defined in the Local Government Act 1993 the conservation value.
council is required to keep records that will permit
dissection of monetary details in respect of each

7
Located on the coastal fringe of the region, the The marine park contains the most significant and
Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is a unique and diverse groups of island reefs along the NSW coast.
biodiverse environment supporting an array of flora The park provides habitat for over 280 species of fish
and fauna. The Reserve is an integral component of and up to 90 species of corals. The park is also home
a regional system of national parks and conservation to several species of marine mammals and is visited
areas. Natural features within the Reserve include by migrating humpback whales during the colder
sandy and rocky beaches, a series of headlands, months.
coastal escarpment and various coastal plant
communities. It is imperative that all land-based activities are
conducted in recognition of the impacts they may
The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is also have on surrounding environments. All activities that
significant in terms of providing for the social and take place within the Minnie Water Foreshore
recreational needs of the community and visitors to Reserve have the potential to damage the adjacent
Minnie Water. Careful management of the Reserve is marine environment.
needed to ensure that these needs are addressed
whilst providing for the protection and enhancement The village of Minnie Water immediately surrounds
of the sensitive environments within the Reserve. the Reserve. This places increased human pressures
on the environmental values of the Reserve. The
Surrounding Land Uses impacts of weeds, domestic animals, stormwater and
pedestrian access are major threats to the values of
The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve lies within the
the Reserve.
boundaries of the Pristine Waters Council local
government area.
The variety of land uses surrounding the Reserve is
an important management consideration due to the
The Pristine Waters Council local government area is
potential of these activities to impact on the natural,
host to a variety of unique and diverse environments.
cultural and recreational values of the Reserve.
These range from large expanses of rural open
spaces in the west to picturesque coastal landscapes
and beaches.

Several important National Parks lie within the

Pristine Waters Council local government area
including the world heritage listed Washpool and
Gibraltar National Parks, Chaelundi National Park
with its significant old-growth forests supporting
threatened fauna and Nymboida National Park
famous for the white-water rapids of the Nymboida
River.

The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve and village

area is bounded by Yuraygir National Park to the
north, south and west. The Yuraygir National Park
contains the longest stretch of undeveloped coastline
in NSW and houses some of the states most isolated
and pristine beaches. This park is also known for its
quiet lake systems, diverse heathlands, striking cliffs
and rocky headlands.

Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is experiencing

impacts from increased usage resulting from the
large number of visitors to adjoining lands. The
Yuraygir National Park attracts around 60,000 visitors
each year while the Solitary Islands Marine Park is
also experiencing a high level of recreational and
occupational usage.

The seaward boundary of the Reserve extends to the

mean high water mark, adjoining the Solitary Islands
Marine Park immediately to the east.

8
 Native Fauna
Values of the Reserve Species richness and diversity of native fauna within
the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is
fundamentally determined by the existing vegetation
Natural Values communities by the provision of food, shelter and
habitat. The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve hosts
Vegetation a diverse range of fauna habitats and food sources
Vegetation communities are determined by the suited to over 200 species of bird, mammal, reptiles
environment in which they have evolved. Various and amphibians.
elements such as geology, soil type, topography,
landform, hydrology, aspect, nutrient availability and According to Redpath (2001), approximately 140
altitude all characterise the type of flora found at species of birds, including both local and migratory
particular locations. species, have been recorded within the Reserve.
Approximately 20 species of mammal, 27 reptile
A recent study of the flora of Minnie Water Foreshore species and 14 amphibian species have also been
Reserve (Redpath, 2001) used a combination of site recorded. These records reveal that the Minnie
inspections, flora sampling, statistical analysis and Water Foreshore Reserve is visited by or provides
aerial photograph interpretation to define the permanent habitat for a significant number of fauna
vegetation communities within the Reserve. Several (Redpath, 2001). Appendix 1b details fauna records
vegetation communities are described which are for the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve.
represented by a variety of floristic and structural
communities ranging from wetter riparian gullies, Of the 200 fauna species recorded within the Minnie
sedgelands and open Melaleuca woodlands, through Water Foreshore Reserve, 14 species are listed as
to drier regrowth Acacia shrublands, open Banksia vulnerable, 2 species as endangered and 1 species
woodlands and open Eucalypt forests (Redpath, is listed as an endangered population.
2001). Appendix 1a details the results of a flora
survey for the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve and As part of the management objectives for the
its immediate environs. Reserve, Wildlife Protection Areas (WPA’s) have
been assigned to the Environmental Protection Unit.
Two flora species presently existing within the Minnie Management objectives and strategies will promote
Water Foreshore Reserve are listed under Schedule the protection, conservation and enhancement of
2 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. native wildlife and their habitat.
Under the Act Olax angulata and Allocasuarina
simulans are listed as Vulnerable with ROTAP Further research and monitoring is needed to ensure
(Briggs & Leigh 1995) conservation codes of 2VCi the protection of all native wildlife within the Minnie
and 2VCa respectively. Water Foreshore Reserve.

Anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing, sand Geology and Landform

mining and residential development within the Minnie Creighton, Meehan and Cooksley described the
Water region have significantly impacted on the landform of Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve and its
native vegetation of the Minnie Water Foreshore environs in detail in 1985. They noted that two land
Reserve (Redpath, 2001). These landscape systems are present within the Minnie Water
disturbances have generated the widespread Foreshore Reserve. The Coastal Sands land system,
infestation of exotic weeds such as Bitou Bush containing seven land units, and the Palaeozoic land
(Chrysanthemoides monilifera) and Lantana (Lantana system, represented by only one land unit (headland
camara). areas).

A Vegetation Management Plan is required for the Land units of the Coastal Sands land system range
Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve to address issues from fore dune landforms to swales of varied
such as the illegal clearing of vegetation for view hydrology to hind dune landforms (Creighton et al,
enhancement, the impacts and threats of exotic 1985). The hind dune areas of the Reserve were
weeds, escarpment erosion, increasing escarpment found to be either substantially natural, with eucalypt-
instability due to the lack of vegetation and dominated woodlands, or grossly disturbed by past
inappropriate fire regimes. The plan will provide mining activity.
formal guidelines and specific management
supporting vegetation restoration within the Reserve. The soils of both Coastal Sands and Palaeozoic land
systems are poorly structured and present particular
constraints. Sedimentary-based soils are poorly
structured, with a highly dispersible and generally
infertile topsoil, and clayey subsoil. The clay

9
subsoil is largely impermeable, restricting subsurface Historic Cultural Values
water flow to the sandy A-horizon. As a result the
The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve has a rich and
residence time of wastewater is dramatically reduced,
diverse historic heritage. Within this document,
potentially impacting upon the water quality of nearby
“historic” refers to places, events and items
beaches and creeks.
associated with people since European settlement.
Historic values associated with the locality of Minnie
Coastal sands while well drained incur a poorly
Water include activities related to early mining,
developed A-horizon. Sand podzols are infertile,
agriculture and fishing.
poorly structured and extremely unstable if vegetation
is removed. Where vegetation has been removed
Early mining leases were granted in 1910 to allow
the A-horizon is degraded and often completely lost.
mining for gold and platinum. In later years mining
It is imperative that the natural vegetation be
activities included sand mining for rutile and zircon.
maintained to avoid the risk of erosion.
A special lease for grazing was granted over an area
To assist in minimising soil erosion and associated
of about 208 ha in 1932 by the Grafton Lands Office.
problems, an erosion and sediment control plan
This lease expired in 1960 with the last holder being
should be prepared for the reserve.
Minnie Waugh. Conditions for this special lease
included the “enclosure” of the leased land “with a
Sandy soils also produce a further constraint due to
substantial fence” to be established within one year
its permeability. Unlike clay soils, sandy soils are
of the lease being granted. As a result a fence was
highly permeable which greatly assists in the
constructed along the top of the Minnie Water
dispersal of surface water runoff. However high
escarpment area. This fence gave Minnie Water it’s
permeability also implies a low residence time for
original name as “Wire Fence”.
wastewaters associated with septic tank systems.
In the mid 1940’s the fishing industry was established
Further research is required to monitor the changing
at Minnie Water. By 1947 a series of 48 beach huts
geological processes and assess the impact of
belonging to professional fisherman had been
current land use activities have on the land systems
constructed on Main Beach below Fig Tree Point.
within the Reserve.
The fisherman worked both the local inshore reef
areas, fishing for snapper, lobster and trevally and
the travelling schools of mullet, luderick and bream
(NSW Crown Lands Service 1993).
Cultural Values
The Crown Lands Office held a series of land sales in
Aboriginal Cultural Values 1961, 1966, 1973 and 1982, opening the area for
residential development. The township of Minnie
The Minnie Water and Wooli Region contains areas
Water now consists of 175 residential blocks.
rich in Aboriginal cultural values associated with
Aboriginal mythology, ceremony, healing and food
Further research needs to be undertaken through the
gathering.
Department of Mineral Resources to establish the
The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve and precise mining history of Minnie Water.
surrounding area contains a number of significant
Aboriginal sites. These sites include stone tool Recreational & Tourism Values
workshops, scarred trees, burials, middens and The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is an integral
campsites. part of Minnie Water - a popular tourist attraction
renown for its natural beauty, breathtaking ocean
The Trust acknowledges the cultural importance of all views and picturesque surroundings.
sites, relics and places to the Aboriginal community,
and also the scientific, educational and aesthetic The Reserve supports a diverse range of bushland,
significance of sites to society as a whole. parkland, open space, beach and water based
recreation opportunities. It is an important
Aboriginal sites, places and objects are protected recreational resource for many local residents and, a
under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. major attraction for visitors to the region.
Activities which encroach on, or interfere with any
Aboriginal site or area must have approval by the Recreational activities that take place in and around
appropriate Local Aboriginal Land Council. the Reserve include bird watching, picnicking,
walking, jogging, whale watching, fishing, cycling,
and swimming. The Reserve is a popular place for
family picnics, with its large open spaces overlooking

10
the ocean providing the perfect setting for a game of
cricket or the perfect conditions to fly a kite.

Research & Educational Values

The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is an important
educational resource for schools and universities.
Future research within the Reserve would provide the
Trust with valuable data, which is of useful tool in
refining the effectiveness of Reserve management
decisions.

Research activities may include: surveys of the

distribution of plants and animals, the development of
methods for weed management, collection of data on
public visitation and assessment of the impact of
such visitation on natural and cultural resources.

Previous researched carried out within the Reserve is

limited and further research in a broad range of fields
is required.

Scenic & Aesthetic Values

The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve attains a
powerful sense of place providing inspiration,
appreciation of the natural environment and respite.
The combination of Reserve values creates an
overall sense of place and unique character.

The diverse coastal landforms comprising of

headlands, bays, beaches and natural bushlands,
overlooking the magnificent Pacific Ocean provides a
coastline of particularly high scenic value.

The Reserve offers unique opportunities to

experience and appreciate the natural coastal
environments of northern NSW. The Reserve
provides a refreshing sense of isolation allowing
visitors to the Reserve to escape the madness of
everyday life.

The spectacular panoramic view across the Pacific

Ocean invites Reserve users to relax, appreciate and
absorb the natural surrounding of the Minnie Water
environs.

11
Reserve Management Issues based surveys indicated that approximately two thirds
of the park may be subject to oceanic inundation.

Coastal Processes and Hazards Development within this area requires the
Coastal processes include waves, storms, water consideration of the NSW Coastline Management
levels, currents, sediment transport, dunes, Manual, NSW Coastal Guidelines Policy and the new
entrances and climate change (NSW Government State Environmental Planning Policy No. 71 - Coastal
1990). These are largely natural processes with Protection.
some having an element of anthropogenic influence
of varying degrees. Water Quality
Pristine Waters Council regularly conducts water
Disturbances to the coast and associated biophysical quality monitoring of the Minnie Water Foreshore
aspects may exacerbate natural processes creating Reserve area. A coastal water quality monitoring
hazards. Coastal hazards include erosion, recession, program funded by Coast and Clean Seas (2000-
entrance hazard, sand drift, inundation, slope 2001) incorporates three sites within the Reserve.
instability, stormwater and climate change (NSW
Government 1990). Water samples are collected from the stormwater fan
drain outlet adjacent to Grevillia Parade, from a
The dune system on Minnie Water Foreshore groundwater seepage point at Boat Harbour and from
Reserve has experienced ‘blowouts’ of varying the creek running parallel to Nip Welsh Park.
degrees. It is assumed that the lack of vegetation
structure, resulting from past mining practises, has Water samples are monitored for faecal coliforms,
lead to the development of this particular hazard. ammonia and other water parameters including
Several other points of erosion can be attributed to dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH and turbidity.
natural events and human induced activities.
Samples taken from the creek parallel to The Nip
Vegetation along the coast is an integral component Welsh Park over time show a decrease in the
of the dunes, headlands and escarpment areas. The incidence of faecal coliforms. This is likely due to the
illegal removal of vegetation from the foreshore decommissioning of the septic system which serviced
escarpment area has caused the escarpment to the amenities block in 1999. Effluent is now diverted
become highly unstable. Years of vegetation removal to the septic treatment facility within the Minnie Water
by private landholders, for the purpose of obtaining Caravan Park.
ocean views, have left the escapement in a fragile
and vulnerable state. Samples collected from the central and northern
areas of the Reserve reveal regularly high readings
Wave characteristics within the region are moderate of faecal coliforms. These results are most likely
to high with offshore significant wave heights of 1.5 correlated with the use of on-site effluent disposal
metres. The waves of the area are dominated by systems of private landowners within the village area.
storm events from the southeast. Creighton et al Without effective management, septic tanks may fail
1985, estimated the maximum combined storm surge causing effluent contamination of groundwater.
and wave set up to be approximately 2.6 metres.

In July 2002, the DLWC carried out a Coastal

Fish Cleaning
Hazards Assessment for the coastline adjacent to Nip Fish cleaning currently occurs below the mean high
Welsh Park. The survey involved preliminary water mark at Boat Harbour within the boundaries of
photogrammetric analysis using aerial photographs the Solitary Islands Marine Park. Anglers utilise three
from 1988, 1993 and 1996. The results indicated that old concrete moorings as an informal fish cleaning
the beach in front of Nip Welsh Park is stable and facility. As a result discarded fish carcasses are
that no long-term shoreline recession was evident washed ashore, depreciating the visual amenity of
(DLWC, 2002). The assessment concluded that the the area and deterring recreational beach users.
beach may suffer beach erosion hazards and Fish carcasses scattered along the beach also pose
recommended that a setback distance of a potential health risk due to their association with
approximately 19 metres be followed when high levels of bacterial growth.
considering coastline hazards for planning purposes.
Formal fish cleaning facilities have been identified in
The Coastal Hazards Assessment also revealed that the Draft Operational Plan for the Solitary Islands
part of Nip Welsh Park would be subject to oceanic Marine Park. Management objectives relating to the
inundation under the combined conditions of storm design and location of a fish cleaning facility need
waves and elevated sea levels. The results of land approval by the Marine Parks Authority in
consultation with various other stakeholders.

12
Pollution facilities are in poor condition and require upgrading
to increase both recreational and aesthetic values.
Minnie Waters is largely surrounded by Yuraygir
National Park and the Solitary Islands Marine Park
The high level of vehicular movements within Nip
and landowners, land managers, residents and
Welsh Park is also an issue of primary concern. The
visitors of Minnie Water play a vital role in protecting
unrestricted use of vehicles in close proximity to the
the health of these and other local environments.
children’s playground and this popular pedestrian
area compromises public safety.
As managers of the Minnie Water Foreshore
Reserve, the Trust endeavours to consider all
The existing vehicular beach access point to the
adverse effects its decisions may have on adjacent
immediate south of Nip Welsh Park is situated within
lands and waterways. It is imperative that all
a 20.0 metre wide Council public road reserve. The
landowners, land managers and residents recognise
road reserve is under the control of Pristine Waters
the potential adverse effects that their activities may
Council in its capacity as Roads Authority under the
have on neighbouring properties.
Roads Act 1993.
Pollution below the mean high water mark falls under
The large number of drivers unnecessarily using the
the jurisdiction of the Solitary Islands Marine Park
beach has led to significant public safety concerns.
however it is the responsibility of adjacent land
The most effective means to address these issues is
managers to ensure their actions do not cause
to restrict unnecessary vehicular access from the Nip
pollution issues in the first instance. The Draft
Welsh Park access point. This may be achieved by
Operational Plan for the Solitary Islands Marine Park
formally adding the road reserve to the foreshore
identifies actions for Pollution Control and Incident
reserve to enable the Trust to manage the land as
Management in consultation with the Environment
part of the reserve.
Protection Authority and Waterways.
The Wooli/Minnie Water Surf Club operates
Pollution within the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve
seasonally from Nip Welsh Park. The Surf Club plays
occurs in various forms ranging from dog faeces and
an important role in the community by providing an
litter to contaminated effluent from failing septic
essential surf life saving service to a small isolated
systems.
coastal community. The Wooli/Minnie Water Surf
Club utilises shipping containers in Nip Welsh Park
Vacant Crown Land and Council Reserves have long
each season for the storage of surf life saving
been used by nearby residents as popular dumping
equipment. These diminish the visual amenity of the
grounds. Garden waste dumped in the Minnie Water
Reserve and are inappropriate for long term use.
Foreshore Reserve has led to the infestation of
several exotic weed species. As a result native
The Minnie Water Community Hall, located within the
Banksia and Grevillia species are being out
park, is used by the local community for various
competed.
meetings and functions. Over several years of use
the hall has degraded and is now in urgent need of
The General Store and Minnie Water Caravan Park
attention. The external structure of the hall has
are the only two commercial enterprises within Minnie
become old and dilapidated.
Water. Clarence Valley Regional Waste Service
collects refuse from the caravan park along with
The future development and management within the
refuse from residential properties.
park will be directed by a Precinct Plan that will be
prepared for Nip Welsh Park. The Nip Welsh Park
A potential pollution hazard exists with the sale of fuel
precinct includes the open space between Sandon
from the General Store adjacent to the Reserve. In
Road and the beach including the existing vehicular
the event of a fuel spill the first point of contact is the
beach access corridor. Any development must
NSW Fire Brigade followed by the Environment
consider recommendations made in the 2002 Coastal
Protection Authority and Workcover. These
Hazard Assessment undertaken by DLWC. One
organisations are prepared to respond to such
issue that the assessment revealed is the potential
pollution events, however the potential for pollution of
for oceanic inundation to occur. To compensate for
this nature at Minnie Water is considered minimal.
this hazard the following recommendations were
made:
Nip Welsh Park
Nip Welsh Park is a small parkland area adjacent to  maintenance of a stabilised frontal dune
the beach that is heavily utilised by the local system of sufficient height in order to
community and visitors to Minnie Water. The park minimise wave overtopping;
encompasses picnic and toilet facilities, children’s  setting back of development to avoid
playground, community hall and car parking. These inundation;

13
  designing the development to cater for the Reserve while also affecting Crown lands west of
inundation. the village.

Any development occurring in the front section of Nip A study completed by the National Parks and Wildlife
Welsh Park should be designed to within stand the Service in 1984 identified the Minnie Water village as
specific loading referred to in the assessment. A two- having a reasonably high degree of fire protection
dimensional model approach was used to relate sea due to a combination of natural and artificial land
level rise with shoreline recession. The results features including:
indicated that an additional 11 metre escarpment  Extensive areas of low hazard areas
recession is possible within a 50 year planning adjacent to the western and southern
period. boundaries of the village;
 Landform features such as the low sand
The assessment concluded that to avoid coastline ridge west of the village that would slow a
hazards of beach erosion for a 50 year planning fire front;
period, any developments within Nip Welsh Park  The provision of fire trails;
should be located a minimum distance of 19 metres  Several sealed roads that function as fire
from the current back beach erosion escarpment. trails.

Vehicle Access to Beaches The majority of the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve
Vehicle access to Minnie Water Main Beach is is considered a low fire hazard. The foredune north of
currently permitted from Boat Harbour and Nip Welsh the village is an exception, being described as having
Park for the purpose of boat launching. This has led a moderate to high fire hazard. Redpath (2001)
to conflict arising between pedestrian and vehicle- outlines the ecological requirements of fire in the area
based beach users. In recent times Council has and recommends the development of regimes which
fielded numerous complaints from the local create a mosaic of habitats and which aim to protect
community as well as visitors to the area with regard sensitive sites such as Threatened species locations.
to public safety. For many vehicles, accessing the
beach is a matter of convenience rather than A sub committee of the Clarence Valley Bush Fire
necessity. It is recognised that a range of wildlife, Management Committee has developed a draft
including several species listed under the Threatened Village Management Strategy. The strategy identifies
Species Conservation Act 1995 as ‘endangered’ or and implements Asset Protection Zones (APZ)
‘vulnerable’, may be impacted upon by inappropriate Strategic Fire Management Zones (SFMZ) and sets
beach vehicle usage (Redpath, 2001). Further to this, Ecologically Sustainable Bush Fire Hazard Reduction
erosion and damage to dune environments is often activities using fuel loads and fire interval as the
exacerbated by vehicles traversing these areas. triggers for activity.

Vehicle access to Minnie Water Back Beach is via Pest Management

the Yuraygir National Park. In the Draft Plan of
Management for this Park, the National Parks & A range of exotic plants and animals occur within the
Wildlife Service restricts vehicle access to Minnie Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve. Development of
Water Back Beach. appropriate strategies to address these issues is a
key component of managing the reserve.
Fire Risk
Previous bush fire events that have affected the The weed species identified by Redpath (2001) are
Minnie Water village area have approached from the listed in Appendix 1a. The most widespread species
adjacent Yuraygir National Park. The village of are Lantana and Bitou Bush. Regular weed spraying
Minnie Water has been identified as an area with with follow-up monitoring and control programs is
significant community assets. The Clarence Valley essential while a combined approach of the NPWS
Bush Fire Management Committee has developed and Pristine Waters Council will increase the success
broad risk management strategies for the area. of any such programs. The erosion potential of sites
should be assessed before any weed removal occurs
The Clarence Valley Bush Fire Risk Management to minimise the effects of erosion within the Reserve.
Plan (2002) identifies that certain bush fire
management activities should occur in the area Several pest animals are predicted to occur within the
(Figure 3). Reserve including foxes, feral cats and wild dogs.
Redpath (2001) recommends the development and
A major fire is considered likely to occur implementation of control programs for these animals
approximately once every ten years (NPWS, 1984). that will ensure the protection of the biodiversity
The most recent significant fire event at Minnie Water values of the Reserve.
occurred in 1994, causing damage to the majority of

14
Purpose of Management Plan

The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is part of a

unique coastal corridor of reserves along the far north
coast of NSW. These reserves protect significant
features of the natural and cultural environment,
providing a diversity of recreational opportunities.

This Plan of Management has been prepared to

assist the Trust in managing:
 the natural resources of the Reserve;
 the diversity of recreational and educational
opportunities within the Reserve; and
 community participation in Reserve planning
and management.

The Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve will be

managed for the following purposes:
 to protect, conserve and enhance the
physical landscape, ecological values and
cultural heritage for future generations;
 to provide a diversity of recreational and
educational opportunities to enable all
members of the local and regional
community to experience and appreciate the
Reserve; and
 to maintain community stewardship of the
Reserve through the provision of effective
opportunities for community participation and
consultation about planning and
management of the Reserve.

15
Part B
Basis for
Management

16
 enhancement and long term management of
Vision Statement the Reserve.
 Promote an understanding and appreciation
The vision of the Reserve Trust in relation to the of the physical and biological processes that
Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve is: have shaped and continue to shape the
Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve.
“To protect and enhance the natural and cultural  Inspire the community to appreciate the
values of the reserve, while providing a range of natural, cultural, recreational, educational,
opportunities for the recreational, social and scientific and economic values of the
economic well being of the NSW community” Reserve.
 Provide a range of effective avenues for
community participation in the development
Management Principles and implementation of Reserve management
objectives.
In order to achieve this vision, the Minnie Water  Provide interpretative displays and
Foreshore Reserve Plan of Management is based on appropriate signage that informs people of
clear management principles. These focus on the attributes of the Reserve and surrounding
protecting Reserve values and enhancing environs and appropriate ways to use and
recreational opportunities whilst considering the care for them.
needs of future generations. The management
principles assist in determining the specific objectives Fire Management:
and strategies which will be employed within each of  Manage fire for the protection of life and
management units. property while implementing a mosaic fire
regime which promotes diversity of habitats
Management principles have been grouped under the and protection of threatened species.
following headings:  To ensure the maintenance of biodiversity
through the continuation of natural
Natural Environment processes.
 Recognise, protect and enhance natural  Participate in the development and
values. implementation of fire planning policies and
 Conserve and enhance biological diversity strategies for the protection of the Reserve.
and ecological integrity.  Consider the impacts of fuel reduction via
 Restore areas degraded by human impact. prescribed burning techniques on the flora
and fauna within the Reserve.
Cultural Values
 Recognise, conserve and protect Aboriginal Integrated Coastal Management:
cultural heritage values
 Appreciate, respect and document the  To promote and assist in integrated coastal land
history, culture and aspirations of Aboriginal management involving the Reserve, the adjacent
people in relation to the Reserve. village of Minnie Water Crown Reserve areas
and National Parks.
 Sensitively promote and present Aboriginal
cultural heritage values.
 Actively involve the Aboriginal community in
Reserve Management & Legislation
the management and planning of the  Implement a management system that ensures
Reserve. the viability and sustainability of the Reserve and
promotes co-operative decision making.
Recreation  Ensure that management of the reserve is
responsive to legal, social and technological
 Promote a diversity of sustainable recreation change.
opportunities that complement local and  Ensure that management of the reserve is
regional recreational opportunities. consistent with other related Plans of
 Maintain facilities and ensure that risk to Management and complements Pristine Waters
users of the Reserve is minimised. Council land management strategies.
 Ensure that management of the reserve complies
Community Involvement with all relevant Government legislation and
 Encourage active participation by the policies.
community in the conservation, restoration,  Ensure that the continued use and development
of the Reserve is environmentally, socially and

17
 economically sustainable.
 Develop economic sustainability and financial
stability by adopting appropriate financial
management practices to maximise returns from
activities having due regard for social and
environmental considerations.

18
  design of picnic facilities, amenities and
Management Units complementary landscaping.
To facilitate the effective planning and management Underlying the plan will be the environmental
of the Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve, the reserve sensitivity of the site and the physical constraints
has been divided into three distinct management imposed by coastal processes and hazards. These
units. Delineation of these units is based on constraints include recommendations by the
environmental sensitivity, ecological/biophysical Department of Land and Water Conservation to
parameters, physical barriers and the type and restrict any development within at least 19 metres
intensity of recreational use. from the beach erosion escarpment.
Objectives and strategies have been formulated for The newly introduced SEPP 71 (Coastal Protection)
each unit to define specific land use, environmental, may also be relevant to the future management and
recreational and educational opportunities for all development of this area. The policy requires the
sections of the reserve. Minister for Planning to be the consent authority for a
range of sensitive coastal developments.
Figure 5 indicates management units within the
reserve which are outlined below.
Management Unit 2
Management Unit 1 Environmental Protection Unit
Open Space Unit This management unit contains a high level of
biodiversity comprising five floristic types identified by
This management unit contains the areas shown in Redpath 2001. In addition, several threatened
Figure 5 and includes car parking areas, walking species have been identified as occurring, or
tracks, stairs, amenities buildings, barbecues, predicted to occur, within this unit (Redpath, 2001).
seating, picnic tables, community hall/surf lifesaving
facilities, picnic shelters and playgrounds not This unit has been disturbed by various activities
specifically shown. including sandmining, grazing, mowing and burning
however species diversity remains high throughout a
The main features of the open space unit are open large area of the Reserve. Key management
landscaped areas as well as the natural vegetation in recommendations detailed in Redpath (2001) include:
and around these areas. The Open Space Unit is
suited to day picnicking and passive recreation. The  Promotion of mature, locally endemic tall heath
fan drain, adjacent to Grevillia Parade, constructed to and tree species for both viable seed production
ameliorate an erosion event is included in the Open as well as provision of a range of fauna habitat
Space Unit and is maintained by Council. Car parking values;
areas, walking tracks and stairs enabling access to  Manage fire regimes for ecological restoration
various parts of the Reserve are included in the Open purposes. Essentially, a mosaic regime which
Space Unit. The amenities buildings, barbecues, promotes habitat diversity while protecting
seating, picnic tables, community hall/surf lifesaving sensitive areas such as Threatened species
facilities, picnic shelters and playground provide habitat is required;
facilities for day visitors to enjoy.
 Comprehensive vegetation management with
extensive weed eradication and/or control and
Nip Welsh Park is a significant part of the open space
revegetation with endemic species;
unit that is currently subject to competing social,
 Development of a research program to monitor
recreational and environmental demands. In order to
threatened flora and fauna and contribute to the
resolve the range of issues affecting this area a
proper management of these species;
Precinct Plan will be prepared for Nip Welsh Park to
guide its future use and development. Preparation of  Limit mowing/slashing so as to promote
the Precinct Plan will be subject to public consultation revegetation to provide habitat, reduce erosion
to seek community input and gauge public support. and limit weed invasion;
 Reduce the impact of vehicles on sensitive fauna
The key issues to be considered in the precinct plan habitats such as that of the Pied Oystercatcher,
include: Beach Stone Curlew, and Little Tern through the
restriction of beach driving (especially during the
 the redevelopment of the hall; key nesting period of September to February).
This action is particularly relevant to Back Beach;
 development of appropriate surf life saving club
facilities;  Develop and implement a policy for minimising
the impact of vertebrate pests on native fauna
 car parking options; and
with a coordinated approach from the community
and government agencies (Redpath, 2001).

19
Management Unit 3
Escarpment Unit

The escarpment area is extremely sensitive and is

identified by steep embankments between the high
water mark at the base (beach level) and the extreme
slopes towards the foreshore land above.
Management practises includes a setback of 5
metres at the top edge of the escarpment to ensure
protection of this sensitive area.

The underlying coffee rock stratum has become

exposed in a number of places due to erosion of the
thin sand layers above. Erosion caused by wind and
surface water runoff is accelerated by human
disturbances. Vehicles continually driving over these
fragile soils are a major contributing factor in soil
erosion. However the removal of trees from the edge
of the escarpment poses the greatest threat and is
likely to result in the escarpment collapsing. Shallow
rooted exotic weeds have replaced deep rooted
native trees.

Redpath (2001) recommends that removal of weeds

be undertaken in this area in conjunction with
revegetation with endemic species. The use of fire in
a mosaic pattern combined with follow up monitoring
and weed control where necessary, may be of
assistance in controlling weeds on the escarpment
areas which were not burnt in 1994. The eradication
of these weeds presents a danger for further erosion
and requires careful planning and management. Any
rehabilitation works within the escarpment unit must
be carried out with extreme care.

20
Management Objectives and Strategies

Management Unit 1 – Open Space Unit

OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES PRIORITY FUNDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
SOURCE
To provide and maintain a high Prepare & implement works program High Council Maintenance program completed.
standard of parkland and recreation for ongoing reserve maintenance
facilities.
Develop an asset register of reserve High Council Asset register developed.
improvements.
Review condition of all reserve High Council Review completed and report to Trust.
facilities on a regular basis.
Provide appropriate new facilities eg. Low State & Federal Improved recreational facilities.
seats, picnic tables, viewing platforms Govt, Council &
Positive community feedback
etc. Community

To minimise the adverse visual effects As part of a Vegetation Management High State & Federal Exotic trees and shrubs replaced with local endemics
of human impacts upon the Plan for the Reserve, replace exotic Govt, Council &
surrounding environment. trees and shrubs with local endemic Community
species.

Ensure that the built environment and Ongoing Council Aesthetic values maintained. Positive community
any new facilities on the reserve feedback.
complement its aesthetic values.
Review the use of all signs within the High Council Adequate level and effective use of reserve signage
reserve, removed damaged and
excess signage.

21
To protect and optimise the natural Restore vegetation to the immediate High Council Monitor vegetation restoration
attractions of the Reserve. edge of the escarpment by restricting
mowing and planting locally endemic
species.

Review mowing parameters and High Council Improved escarpment stability.

develop a mowing contingency plan
Appropriate mowing regime established.
to guide community mowing of the
reserve.

Restrict access to sensitive areas. High Council Reduced impacts from access to sensitive areas.
To minimise the impact of weeds on Devise & implement a weed Ongoing State & Federal Reduction in weed infestation.
the natural environment. management and monitoring Govt, Council
program.

Involve community groups & Ongoing Council, State & Level of community involvement.
encourage volunteers to participate in Federal Govt,
Effective restoration of native vegetation
weed removal projects based on best Community
practises such as outlined in the
Coastal Dune Management Manual,
(DLWC, 2001).
Ensure community groups prepare High Community Improved quality and effectiveness of projects
and submit project plans prior to all undertaken.
bush regeneration works.
Establish a weed education program High State Govt, Decrease in the volume of dumped garden waste
to help prevent illegal dumping of Council
garden refuse.
Generate a “spray plan” for the High CVWA Weed Reduction.
chemical control of weeds in
Spray plans registered by Council.

22
 consultation with CVWA.
To provide and maintain facilities to Install signs regarding the lighting of Moderate Council Implementation of the works program, Signs installed.
reduce fire risk. fires and fire risk indicator.

Installation of gas barbecues. Low Council, State & Minimise fire risk.
Federal Govt.
To reduce the potential risk of bushfire Implement recommendations of any High Trust, Council Risk reduced.
attack on life and property. bushfire management plans relating and State Govt.
to the reserve area and environs.
To employ fire to enhance the floristic Apply a mosaic fire regime using fire Moderate State & Federal Mosaic fire regime adopted, ecology enhanced
and structural variability of the native within the restraints of ecologically Govt funding,
flora sustainable thresholds – exclude fire Council
from sensitive vegetation.
To rehabilitate and protect foreshore Prepare an erosion and sediment Moderate State and Plan prepared and necessary erosion and sediment
from erosion. control plan. Federal Govt. control structures in place.
Seek funding for erosion control and Moderate State & Federal Grant funds acquired and projects completed.
environmental restoration projects Govt
Decreased erosion.
Undertake a coastal hazard Moderate State Govt Plan completed and appropriate works implemented.
assessment and prepare a coastal
Improved foreshore stability.
hazard management plan.
To maximise the safety of Reserve Undertake a regular risk management High Trust, State & Improved safety of reserve users.
users. assessment and address risks that Federal Govt.
are identified.
Erect appropriate signage to guide High Trust Improved safety of reserve users.
behaviour and inform visitors of any
safety issues and restrict vehicle
access to the beach from the Nip
Welsh Park access point to ensure
public safety.

23
Redevelop Nip Welsh Park Prepare a Precinct Plan subject to Moderate Trust, State & Precinct Plan is completed.
community consultation. Federal Govt.
Positive community feedback.
Remove rubber trees and include a Moderate Community, Locally endemic plants replacing exotics
landscape plan as part of a precinct Council
plan for Nip Welsh Park
Relocate community hall as part of Moderate Community, Relocation of hall.
the precinct plan for Nip Welsh Park. Trust, Council
Resolve issues relating to the Minnie Facilitate provision of appropriate surf Moderate Council & State Appropriate facilities are provided for the surf club.
Water surf club. club facilities and tenure at Nip Welsh Government
Park as part of the precinct plan.
To promote public awareness and Design and implement a program Moderate Council, State & Program designed and implemented.
appreciation of the natural and cultural promoting the tourism, recreational, Federal Govt
Positive feedback from community and visitors
heritage values of the Reserve. natural and cultural values.

Provide opportunities for community Moderate State & Federal Level of community involvement.
participation in maintaining & Govt, Council &
enhancing reserve values. Community
Foster educational and research Moderate Council, State & Increased level of interest and participation by
activities by local schools. Federal Govt schools.

24
Management Unit 2 – Environmental Protection Unit
OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES PRIORITY FUNDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
SOURCE

To protect, maintain and rehabilitate Prepare & implement a Vegetation High State & Federal Plan prepared.
areas of environmentally sensitive Management Plan. Govt funding.
Increased health of natural environment, increased
vegetation
biodiversity

Devise and implement an erosion & High State & Federal Plan prepared.
sediment control plan. Govt funding.
Implement a planting program using High State & Federal Annual list of plantings submitted to Council.
local endemic species to reinforce Govt,
existing foreshore vegetation. Community &
Council

Develop and implement a High State & Federal Weed reduction carried out as per program. Annual
maintenance program for weed Govt, inspection.
control in partnership with community Community &
groups. Council, CVWA
To minimise the visual effects of As part of a Vegetation Management High State & Federal Exotic trees and shrubs replaced with natives
human impacts upon the surrounding Plan for the Reserve, replace exotic Govt, Council &
environment. trees and shrubs with locally endemic Community
species.

Ensure that the built environment and Ongoing Council Aesthetic values maintained. Positive community
any new facilities on the reserve feedback.
complement its aesthetic values.
Review the use of all signs within the High Council Adequate level and effective use of reserve signage
reserve, removed damaged and
excess signage.

25
To promote public awareness and Design and implement a program Moderate Council, State & Program designed and implemented.
appreciation of the Reserves natural promoting the Reserves tourism, Federal Govt
Positive feedback from community and visitors
and cultural heritage values. recreational, natural and cultural
values.

Provide opportunities for community Moderate State & Federal Level of community involvement.
participation in maintaining & Govt, Council &
enhancing reserve values. Community
Foster educational and research Moderate Council, State & Level of interest and participation from schools.
activities for local schools. Federal Govt
To protect and maintain water quality. Implement regular monitoring of water High State & Federal ANZECC water quality guidelines achieved.
quality and review results. Govt & Council
Investigate impacts of On-site High State & Federal Review water quality results annually.
Sewage Management Strategy. Govt & Council
Ensure all septic tank inspections High State Govt & Inspections completed
within the village area are up to date Council
To minimise the impact of weed Implement a program for removal of High Local, State & Weed reduction carried out, periodic site inspection to
species on the natural environment. weed species through promotion, Federal Govt assess levels of infestation.
involve community groups and funding
volunteers in the weed removal
To maintain an adequate level of program
control of noxious plant infestation.
Develop educational program for High State Govt & Increased community awareness
environmental weeds. Council, CVWA

Promote the development of mature Encourage a tall heath and tree Moderate State & Federal Growth of tall heath and locally endemic tree species
tall heath and locally endemic tree habitat type with age classes suitable Govt funding is promoted with a view to achieving a mature type of
species to provide habitat and viable for seed production. this habitat.
seed production.

26
To manage vertebrate pest fauna. Implement a feral animal control or High State & Federal Reduced feral animals present within the Reserve,
trapping program in compliance with Govt funding, Increase protection for native wildlife
Companion Animals Act. Council
To maintain optimal stormwater Regular inspection and maintenance High Council Fan drain functioning effectively and erosion absent.
management of the existing fan drain and other
drainage structures particularly after
major rainfall events.
To employ fire to enhance the floristic Apply a mosaic fire regime using fire Moderate State & Federal Mosaic fire regime adopted, ecology enhanced
and structural variability of the native within the restraints of ecologically Govt funding,
flora sustainable thresholds – exclude fire Council
from sensitive vegetation.

To increase biodiversity within the Alter the existing fire regime (timing, Moderate Council Ecological fire regime designed and implemented,
Reserve frequency, intensity) to suit biodiversity protected
ecologically sustainable thresholds.

Implement threatened flora research, Low State & Federal Monitoring program established
monitoring and management. Govt funding,
Council

27
Management Unit 3 – Escarpment Unit
OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES PRIORITY FUNDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
SOURCE

To protect, maintain and rehabilitate Devise and implement a maintenance High State & Federal Periodic site inspection to assess erosion levels.
areas of environmentally sensitive program for access tracks based on Govt funding
vegetation an erosion and sediment control plan
for the reserve.
Develop and implement a High State & Federal Rehabilitation of eroded areas completed.
maintenance program for weed Govt,
control. Community &
Council
Ensure best practices are implemented Develop funded projects where expert Moderate State & Federal Best practices in bush regeneration carried out.
in bush regeneration activities on the bush regenerators are engaged to Govt funding
escarpment. work on escarpment.
To maximise the safety of persons Ensure efficient vehicular access for High Council Access provided.
visiting the reserve emergency service vehicles.

Provide safe pedestrian access via High Council Annual inspection of reserve access, report to Trust
existing stairs.
Installation of protective tree guards Moderate Council Increased safety of Reserve users and decreased
adjacent to roadside within Reserve levels of erosion.
to prohibit general vehicle access
To minimise the impact of weed Implement a program for removal of High Local, State & Weed reduction carried out, periodic site inspection to
species on the natural environment. weed species through promotion and Federal Govt assess levels of infestation.
involvement of volunteers. funding
To maintain an adequate level of Consider using fire with follow up Moderate State Govt & Mosaic fire used to control weeds.
control of noxious plant infestation. weed control to manage infestations. Council, CVWA

28
 Access funding opportunities for High State Govt & Decrease in weeds and increase in escarpment
contracting professional bush Council, CVWA stability and native vegetation
regenerators.
To prohibit unlicensed occupations Regular ranger patrols. High Council / Trust Feedback from local community
Install appropriate signage High Trust Signs installed

To maintain a high standard of water Monitoring to ensure water quality High Local, State & Report results to the Trust & local community.
quality complies with ANZECC guidelines. Federal Govt.
funding

Identify and protect sensitive native Survey flora & fauna within the unit High State & Federal Survey completed, Recommendations implemented.
flora & fauna and implement relevant Govt. funding
recommendations for the
conservation of rare and endangered
species.
Identify coastal hazards Seek funding and prepare a detailed High State & Federal Coastal hazard study completed.
coastal hazard study. Govt. funding,
Council

29
References

Briggs J & Leigh JH, Rare or Threatened Australian Plants, CSIRO Publishing, Canberra,1995

Clarence Valley Bushfire Management Committee, Clarence Valley Bushfire Risk Management Plan,
Rural Fire Service, 2002

Creighton C, Meehan B, & Cooksley K, Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Discussion Paper,
Crown Lands Service, Grafton,1985

De Groot & Benson Pty Ltd, Review of submissions – Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Draft POM,
Department of Land and Water Conservation, Grafton, 1999

De Groot & Benson Pty Ltd, Review of submissions following a community meeting regarding the Draft
Plan of Management – Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve, Department of Land and Water Conservation,
Grafton, 2001

Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, New South Wales Coastal Policy – A Sustainable Future for
the New South Wales Coast, Sydney. 1997

Department of Public Works, Coastline Management Manual, Sydney, 1990

New South Wales Rural Fire Service, Planning for Bushfire Protection-A guide for Councils, Planners,
Fire Authorities, Developers and Home Owners, Sydney, 2001

NSW Crown Lands Service, Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve Plan of Management, Grafton, 1989

NSW Crown Lands Service, Minnie Water Draft Land Assessment, Grafton, 1993

NSW Crown Lands Service, North Coast Crown Reserves Management Strategy, Grafton, 1994

NSW Department of Land & Water Conservation, Coastal Dune Management – A Manual of
Coastal Dune Management and Rehabilitation Techniques, Department of Land and Water
Conservation Coastal Unit, Newcastle, 2001

NSW Department of Land & Water Conservation, Succeeding With Plans of Management – A
Guide to the Local Government Act and Crown Lands Act, DLWC, Sydney, 1997

Pristine Waters Council, Companion Animals Management Plan, South Grafton, 2002

Redpath P, The Flora and Fauna of Minnie Water – an Overview for Planning and Management,
Department of Land and Water Conservation North Coast Region Information Analysis Unit, Grafton
2001

30
Appendices

31
Appendix 1a - Flora Species List for Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve
Schoenus apogon
Aizoaceae
Carpobrotus glaucescens
Amaryllidaceae Dennstaedtiaceae
Crinum pedunculatum Histiopteris incisa
Apiaceae Hypolepis muelleri
Actinotus helianthi Pteridium esculentum
Hydrocotyle acutiloba Dilleniaceae
Hydrocotyle bonariensis* Hibbertia acuminata
Platysace lanceolata Hibbertia scandens
Trachymene incisa Hibbertia vestita
Araliaceae Dracaenaceae
Schefflera actinophylla** Sansevieria trifasciata*
Asteraceae Elaeocarpaceae
Baccharis halimifolia* Elaeocarpus reticulatus
Bidens pilosa* Epacridaceae
Chrysanthemoides monilifera* Brachyloma daphnoides
Chrysocephalum apiculatum Leucopogon deformis
Emilia sonchifolia Leucopogon ericoides
Melanthera biflora Leucopogon lanceolatus var lanceolatus
Senecio lautus ssp maritimus Leucopogon leptospermoides
Senecio madagascariensis* Leucopogon parviflorus
Bignoniaceae Monotoca elliptica
Pandorea pandorana Styphelia viridis
Blechnaceae Woollsia pungens
Blechnum indicum Euphorbiaceae
Campanulaceae Poranthera microphylla
Wahlenbergia communis Ricinocarpos pinifolius
Casuarinaceae Ricinus communis*
Allocasuarina littoralis Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae)
Allocasuarina simulans Cassia pendula*
Casuarina glauca Fabaceae (Faboideae)
Casuarina equisetifolia Aotus ericoides
Commelinaceae Aotus lanigera
Commelina cyanea Bossiaea ensata
Convolvulaceae Bossiaea heterophylla
Ipomoea cairica Canavalia rosea
Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp Desmodium rhytidophyllum
brasiliensis Desmodium varians
Crassulaceae Dillwynia retorta
Bryophyllum delagoense* Glycine clandestina
Cupressaceae Glycine tabacina
Callitris rhomboidea Glycine tomentella
Cyperaceae Hardenbergia violacea
Baumea rubiginosa Hovea linearis
Caustis blakei Jacksonia stackhousii
Caustis flexuosa Macroptilium atropurpureum
Caustis recurvata Phyllota phylicoides
Cyperus eglobosus Vigna marina
Cyperus polystachyos Fabaceae (Mimosoideae)
Isolepis nodosa Acacia brownii

32
 Acacia longifolia subsp longifolia Phormiaceae
Acacia longifolia subsp sophorae Dianella congesta
Acacia suaveolens Pittosporaceae
Acacia ulicifolia Billardiera scandens

Goodeniaceae
Dampiera sylvestris Poaceae
Scaevola calendulacea Aristida acuta
Iridaceae Austrofestuca littoralis
Patersonia sericea Axonopus affinis*
Juncaceae Cenchrus echinatus*
Juncus cognatus Chloris gayana
Juncaginaceae Cymbopogon refractus
Triglochin striatum Dichelachne crinita
Lauraceae Digitaria didactyla
Cassytha filiformis Echinopogon caespitosus
Cassytha pubescens Eragrostis benthamii
Lobeliaceae Imperata cylindrica
Pratia purpurascens Ischaemum triticeum
Loganiaceae Oplismenus aemulus
Mitrasacme polymorpha Oplismenus imbecillis
Lomandraceae Panicum maximum var trichoglume
Lomandra filiformis Paspalidium distans
Lomandra longifolia Paspalum dilatatum*
Luzuriagaceae Paspalum urvillei*
Geitonoplesium cymosum Phragmites australis
Malvaceae Sporobolus indicus*
Hibiscus diversifolius Sporobolus virginicus var minor
Melastomataceae Stenotaphrum secundatum*
Melastoma affine Themeda australis
Myoporaceae Zoysia macrantha
Myoporum insulare Polygonaceae
Myrtaceae Persicaria subsessilis
Acmena smithii Primulaceae
Angophora costata Anagallis arvensis*
Corymbia intermedia Proteaceae
Darwinia leptantha Banksia aemula
Homoranthus virgatus Banksia integrifolia
Leptospermum laevigatum** Conospermum taxifolium
Leptospermum trinervium Persoonia levis
Melaleuca nodosa Persoonia stradbrokensis
Melaleuca quinquenervia Persoonia virgata
Olacaceae Petrophile pulchella
Olax angulata Restionaceae
Leptocarpus tenax
Orchidaceae Lepyrodia muelleri
Acianthus exsertus Rosaceae
Caladenia carnea Rubus parvifolius
Caladenia species C Rutaceae
Oxalidaceae Eriostemon australasius
Oxalis chnoodes Philotheca myoporoides
Oxalis rubens Santalaceae
Pandanaceae Leptomeria acida
Pandanus pedunculatus Schizaeaceae

33
 Schizaea bifida
Smilacaceae
Smilax australis
Solanaceae
Solanum nigrum*
Stackhousiaceae
Stackhousia spathulata
Thelypteridaceae
Cyclosorus interruptus
Thymelaeaceae
Pimelea ligustrina ssp ligustrina
Pimelea ligustrina ssp ligustrina
Pimelea linifolia
Tremandraceae
Tetratheca thymifolia
Verbenaceae
Lantana camara
Violaceae
Viola hederacea
Xanthorrhoeaceae
Xanthorrhoea resinosa

* denotes exotic species

** denotes native out of area species

34
Appendix 1b - Fauna Species List for Minnie Water Foreshore Reserve

Birds
Scientific Name Common Name
Accipiter cirrhocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk
Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle
Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite
Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle
Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite
Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite
Lophoictinia isura Square-tailed Kite
Pandion haliaetus Osprey
Anas gracilis Grey Teal
Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck
Cygnus atratus Black Swan
Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift
Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail
Ardea alba Great Egret
Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron
Egretta sacra Eastern Reef Egret
Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow
Artamus leucorhynchus White-breasted Woodswallow
Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird
Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie
Esacus neglectus Sulphur-crested Cockatoo
Cacatua roseicapilla Galah
Calyptorhynchus funereus Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo
Calyptorhynchus lathami Glossy Black-Cockatoo
Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike
Coracina papuensis White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike
Coracina tenuirostris Cicadabird
Lalage leucomela Varied Triller
Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu
Centropus phasianinus Pheasant Coucal
Charadrius bicinctus Double-banded Plover
Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover
Pluvialis dominica Lesser Golden Plover
Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing
Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove
Geopelia humeralis Bar-shouldered Dove
Geopelia striata Peaceful Dove
Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing
Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Turtle-Dove
Eurystomus orientalis Dollarbird
Corvus orru Torresian Crow
Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo
Cacomantis variolosus Brush Cuckoo
Chrysococcyx lucidus Shining Bronze-Cuckoo
Eudynamys scolopacea Common Koel
Scythrops novaehollandiae Channel-billed Cuckoo
Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird
Dicrurus bracteatus Spangled Drongo
Grallina cyanoleuca Magpie-lark

35
Birds (continued)
Scientific Name Common Name

Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch

Myiagra rubecula Leaden Flycatcher
Rhipidura fuliginosa Grey Fantail
Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail
Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail
Falco cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel
Falco longipennis Australian Hobby
Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon
Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher
Haematopus longirostris Pied Oystercatcher
Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra
Todiramphus macleayii Forest Kingfisher
Todiramphus sanctus Sacred Kingfisher
Hirundo ariel Fairy Martin
Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow
Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's Storm-Petrel
Larus novaehollandiae Silver Gull
Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Jaeger
Stercorarius pomarinus Pomarine Jaeger
Sterna albifrons Little Tern
Sterna bergii Crested Tern
Sterna caspia Caspian Tern
Sterna fuscata Sooty Tern
Sterna hirundo Common Tern
Sterna nilotica Gull-billed Tern
Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairy-wren
Malurus melanocephalus Red-backed Fairy-wren
Stipiturus malachurus Southern Emu-wren
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Eastern Spinebill
Anthochaera chrysoptera Little Wattlebird
Entomyzon cyanotis Blue-faced Honeyeater
Lichenostomus Chrysops Yellow-faced Honeyeater
Lichmera indistincta Brown Honeyeater
Melithreptus albogularis White-throated Honeyeater
Myzomela sanguinolenta Scarlet Honeyeater
Philemon citreogularis Little Friarbird
Philemon corniculatus Noisy Friarbird
Phylidonyris melanops Tawny-crowned Honeyeater
Phylidonyris nigra White-cheeked Honeyeater
Plectorhyncha lanceolata Striped Honeyeater
Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater
Anthus novaeseelandiae Richard's Pipit
Daphoenositta chrysoptera Varied Sittella
Oriolus sagittatus Olive-backed Oriole
Sphecotheres viridis Figbird
Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush
Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler
Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler
Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill
Acanthiza lineata Striated Thornbill

36
Acanthiza pusilla Brown Thornbill
Gerygone olivacea White-throated Gerygone
Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote
Birds (continued)
Scientific Name Common Name
Sericornis frontalis White-browed Scrubwren
Neochmia temporalis Red-browed Finch
Taeniopygia bichenovii Double-barred Finch
Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican
Eopsaltria australis Eastern Yellow Robin
Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant
Phalacrocorax varius Pied Cormorant
Coturnix ypsilophora Brown Quail
Podargus strigoides Tawny Frogmouth
Calonectris leucomelas Streaked Shearwater
Pachyptila turtur Fairy Prion
Pterodroma macroptera Great-winged Petrel
Puffinus gavial Fluttering Shearwater
Puffinus pacificus Wedge-tailed Shearwater
Puffinus tenuirostris Short-tailed Shearwater
Platycercus adscitus Pale-headed Rosella
Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus Scaly-breasted Lorikeet
Trichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lorikeet
Gallirallus philippensis Buff-banded Rail
Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone
Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint
Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot
Heteroscelus brevipes Grey-tailed Tattler
Heteroscelus incanus Wandering Tattler
Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit
Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew
Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel
Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank
Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook
Morus serrator Australasian Gannet
Megalurus timoriensis Tawny Grassbird
Threskiornis spinicollis Straw-necked Ibis
Turnix varia Painted Button-quail
Zosterops lateralis Silvereye

Mammals
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale
Dasyurus maculatus Tiger Quoll
Phascogale tapoatafa Brush-tailed Phascogale
Sminthopsis murina Common Dunnart
Delphinus delphis Common Dolphin
Tursiops truncates Bottlenose Dolphin
Macropus giganteus Eastern Grey Kangaroo
Wallabia bicolour Swamp Wallaby
Nyctinomus australis White-striped Mastiff-bat
Rattus fuscipes Bush Rat
Rattus lutreolus Swamp Rat

37
Rattus tunneyi Pale Field-rat
Isoodon macrourus Northern Brown Bandicoot
Perameles nasuta Long-nosed Bandicoot
Petaurus breviceps Sugar Glider
Mammals
Scientific Name Common Name
Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying-fox
Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked Echidna
Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's Wattled Bat
Chalinolobus nigrogriseus Hoary Bat

Reptiles
Scientific Name Common Name
Amphibolurus nobbi Nobbi
Pogona barbata Bearded Dragon
Morelia spilota spilota Diamond Python
Chelodina longicollis Eastern Long-necked Tortoise
Chelonia mydas Green Turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle
Dendrelaphis punctulata Green Tree Snake
Acanthophis antarcticus Common Death Adder
Demansia psammophis Yellow-faced Whip Snake
Pseudechis porphyriacus Red-bellied Black Snake
Pseudonaja textiles Eastern Brown Snake
Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens Eastern Small-eyed Snake
Hydrophis elegans
Pelamis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake
Lialis burtonis Burton's Legless Lizard
Anomalopus verreauxii Verreaux's Skink
Calyptotis ruficauda
Cryptoblepharus virgatus Wall Lizard
Ctenotus robustus Striped Skink
Egernia major Land Mullet
Eulamprus martini
Eulamprus quoyii Eastern Water Skink
Lampropholis delicata Grass Skink
Saiphos equalis Three-toed Skink
Tiliqua scincoids Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard
Ramphotyphlops nigrescens Blind snake
Varanus varius Lace Monitor

Amphibians
Scientific Name Common Name
Litoria caerulea Green Tree Frog
Litoria fallax Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog
Litoria freycineti Freycinet's Frog
Litoria latopalmata
Litoria nasuta Rocket Frog
Litoria peronii Peron's Tree Frog
Litoria rubella Desert Tree Frog
Crinia parinsignifera Plains Froglet
Crinia signifera Common Eastern Froglet
Crinia tinnula Wallum Froglet
Limnodynastes ornatus Ornate Burrowing Frog

38
Limnodynastes peronii Brown-striped Frog
Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Spotted Grass Frog
Limnodynastes terraereginae Northern Banjo Frog

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Appendix 1c – Predicted Threatened Flora & Fauna Species for Minnie Water
Foreshore Reserve

Flora
Scientific Name Common Name
Geodorum densiflorum Pink Nodding Orchid
Lindsaea incisa
Olax angulata
Rutidosis heterogama
Zieria prostrata

Fauna
Scientific Name Common Name
Calidris tenuirostris *Great Knot
Calyptorhynchus lathami *Glossy-black Cockatoo
Chalinolobus nigrogriseus *Hoary Bat
Charadrius leschenaultia Greater Sand-plover; Large Sand Plover
Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sand-plover; Mongolian Plover
Crinia tinnula *Wallum Froglet
Dasyurus maculatus *Spotted-tailed Quoll, Tiger Quoll
Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red Goshawk
Esacus neglectus *Beach Stone-curlew; Beach Thick knee
Haematopus longirostris *Pied Oystercatcher
Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit
Litoria olongburensis Olongburra Frog; Wallum Sedgefrog
Lophoictinia isura *Square-tailed Kite
Miniopterus australis Little Bent-wing Bat
Miniopterus schreibersii Common Bent-wing Bat, Large Bent-wing Bat
Mormopterus beccarii Beccari's Mastiff bat
Pandion haliaetus *Osprey
Petaurus norfolcensis Squirrel Glider
Pezoporus wallicus Ground Parrot
Phascogale tapoatafa *Brush-tailed Phascogale
Pseudomys gracilicaudatus Eastern Chestnut Mouse
Pteropus alecto Black Flying fox
Pteropus policephalus *Grey-headed Flying-Fox
Saccolaimus flaviventris Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat
Syconycteris australis Common Blossom-bat, Queensland Blossom Bat
Tyto capensis Grass Owl; Eastern Grass Owl

* denotes recorded on site

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 VEGETATION TYPES

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 Figure 3: Clarence Valley Bush Fire Management Committee (Draft)
HAZARD MANAGEMENT ZONES – MINNIE WATER

Minimum
Maximum Fuel Load2
Zone Type of Zone1 Action & Objective Ecological Fire Responsible Authority
tonnes per hectare
Interval
Creation & maintenance of APZ by slashing, in line with NA – maintain fuel to a
1 Asset Protection NA NPWS
Planning for Bushfire Protection3. minimum
Creation & maintenance of APZ by slashing, in line with NA – maintain fuel to a Pristine Waters Council
2 Asset Protection NA
Planning for Bushfire Protection. minimum (Trust Manager)
Creation & maintenance of APZ by slashing, in line with NA – maintain fuel to a
3 Asset Protection NA Pristine Waters Council
Planning for Bushfire Protection. minimum
Maintenance of APZ by slashing, in line with Planning for NA – maintain fuel to a
4 Asset Protection NA DLWC
Bushfire Protection. minimum
Use prescribed burning to reduce spotting potential Pristine Waters Council
5 Strategic Fire Advantage 10 <15
& reduce fire intensity. (Trust Manager)
Use prescribed burning to reduce spotting potential
6–7 Strategic Fire Advantage 10 <15 DLWC
& reduce fire intensity.
8 – 9, Use prescribed burning to reduce spotting potential
Strategic Fire Advantage 10 <20 DLWC
11 & reduce fire intensity.
Use prescribed burning to reduce spotting potential,
reduce fire intensity, & promote a mosaic pattern for Pristine Waters Council (Trust
10 Strategic Fire Advantage 10 <15
ecological restoration of the heath vegetation Manager)
community.
12 Strategic Fire Advantage tba 6 <20? NPWS
13 Strategic Fire Advantage tba 6 <20? NPWS
14 Strategic Fire Advantage tba 6 <20? NPWS

1
For the objectives of the different types of zone see the Clarence Valley Bush Fire Risk Management Plan (Clarence Valley Bush Fire Management Committee, 2002).
2
Fuel loads must be measured according to the attached Guidelines, as approved by the Clarence Valley Bush Fire Management Committee.
3
Planning for Bushfire Protection (NSW Rural Fire Service, 2002).

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