Planning Scheduling Monitoring and Control The Practical Project Management of Time Cost and Risk 1st Edition Apm
Planning Scheduling Monitoring and Control The Practical Project Management of Time Cost and Risk 1st Edition Apm
Planning Scheduling Monitoring and Control The Practical Project Management of Time Cost and Risk 1st Edition Apm
https://ebookmeta.com/product/project-management-planning-and-
scheduling-techniques-1st-edition-vijay-bansal/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/project-planning-scheduling-and-
control-the-ultimate-hands-on-guide-to-bringing-projects-in-on-
time-and-on-budget-6th-edition-james-p-lewis/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/apm-project-management-
qualification-study-guide-1st-edition-association-for-project-
management/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/apm-project-fundamentals-
qualification-study-guide-1st-edition-association-for-project-
management/
Project Management, Planning and Control: Managing
Engineering, Construction and Manufacturing Projects,
8th Edition Albert Lester
https://ebookmeta.com/product/project-management-planning-and-
control-managing-engineering-construction-and-manufacturing-
projects-8th-edition-albert-lester/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/practical-project-risk-management-
the-atom-methodology-3rd-edition-david-hillson-and-peter-simon/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/a-contractor-s-guide-to-planning-
scheduling-and-control-1st-edition-len-holm-2/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/a-contractor-s-guide-to-planning-
scheduling-and-control-1st-edition-len-holm/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/practice-standard-for-scheduling-
third-edition-project-management-institute/
Planning, Scheduling,
Monitoring and
Control
Association for Project Management
Ibis House, Regent Park
Summerleys Road, Princes Risborough
Buckinghamshire
HP27 9LE
Figures
1.1 The importance of planning and control in project
management
3.1 Types and relationships of breakdown structures
4.1 Design and development V model
7.1 Top-down vs. bottom-up planning
7.2 Rolling wave planning
7.3 Agile planning
7.4 Setting early and late curves
7.5 Interpreting ‘S’ curves
8.1 Creating a breakdown structure level 1
8.2 Creating a breakdown structure level 2
8.3 Creating a breakdown structure level 3
8.4 Types and relationships of breakdown structures repeated
8.5 Sample product breakdown structure
8.6 Work breakdown structure
8.7 Work breakdown structure dictionary (defence)
8.8 Work package content sheet (construction)
8.9 Organisation breakdown structure
8.10 Responsibility assignment matrix
8.11 Example of a RACI
8.12 Cost breakdown structure
11.1 Cost estimating process
12.1 Time measured in financial periods
12.2 Generating a cost forecast using a banana curve
13.1 The scheduling process in the context of planning,
monitoring and control
13.2 Relationship of different densities in schedules
13.3 A hierarchy of plans and planning documents
14.1 Distorting the time/cost/quality triangle
14.2 Types of time-phased schedules and their relationship
14.3 A sample procurement schedule
14.4 Time-phased procurement schedule
14.5 Design deliverables tracker
15.1 Establishing steps/objective criteria
15.2 Suitability for steps/objective criteria
16.1 Example of the precedence diagram method (PDM)
16.2 Example of the arrow diagram method (ADM)
16.3 Typical time analysis coding
16.4 Step 1: Create a logical network
16.5 Step 2: The forward pass calculation
16.6 Step 3: The backward pass
16.7 Step 4: Calculation of total float
16.8 Step 5: Identification of critical path
16.9 Longest path calculations
16.10 The alternative method of calculation in a network
16.11 Float types
16.12 Finish to start relationship
16.13 Start to start relationship
16.14 Finish to finish relationship
16.15 Start to finish relationship
16.16 Summary of types of logic and lags
16.17 ‘As late as possible’ constraint
16.18 ‘Finish on’ constraint
16.19 ‘Finish on or after’ constraint
16.20 ‘Finish on or before’ constraint
16.21 ‘Mandatory finish’ constraint
16.22 ‘Mandatory start’ constraint
16.23 ‘Start on’ constraint
16.24 ‘Start on or after’ constraint
16.25 ‘Start on or before’ constraint
16.26 Bar chart display
16.27 Establishing the duration of a task based on resource
16.28 First draft resources profile
16.29 Resource-smoothed histogram
16.30 Resource-levelled chart with resource limit
16.31 Internal integration milestones
16.32 External integration milestones
16.33 Logic-linked dependency schedule
16.34 Dependency schedule driving project schedules
16.35 Different buffer types
17.1 A simple bar chart
17.2 Strategic schedule of a major construction project at low
density
17.3 Using milestones to give clarity to the schedule
17.4 Creating a line of balance chart
17.5 Optimising work flow in line of balance
17.6 Basic elements of a time chainage chart
17.7 Time chainage task 1
17.8 Time chainage tasks 2 and 3
17.9 Time chainage task 4
17.10 Time chainage sequencing
17.11 Example of a time chainage diagram for a new railway
18.1 Components of a schedule for review
18.2 Logic bottleneck
19.1 BIM level maturity map
20.1 Agile processes
20.2 Illustration of an agile methodology using ‘scrums’ and
‘sprints’
21.1 Establishment of baseline
21.2 Baseline after work starts
21.3 Baseline maintenance step 1
21.4 Baseline maintenance step 2
21.5 Baseline maintenance step 3
21.6 Baseline maintenance step 4
22.1 Illustration of the drop line method
22.2 Simple ‘activity weeks’ monitoring chart
22.3 Cumulative results from the ‘activity weeks’ chart
22.4 Recording actual progress in line of balance
22.5 Sample cost value report
22.6 Quantity tracking with production curves
22.7 Budget allocation to the plan
22.8 Planned value curve
22.9 Earned value
22.10 Actual costs (ACWP) added
22.11 Earned value analysis: cost and schedule variance
22.12 Cost and schedule variance chart
22.13 Earned value analysis with time variance
22.14 Bull’s eye performance chart
22.15 Calculating estimated time to completion
22.16 Illustration of various earning techniques and appropriate
uses
22.17 Advantages and disadvantages of EVTs
24.1 Short-term schedules in context of other plans
24.2 Performance analysis on short-term schedule
25.1 Process overview: project change control
25.2 Example of monthly change reporting
25.3 Monthly change report
26.1 Risk management life cycle
26.2 Risk identification in a typical risk log
26.3 Threat assessment matrix: severity ratings score
26.4 Opportunity assessment matrix: severity ratings score
26.5 Typical risk log continued, showing current impact and
response planning
26.6 Risk response options
26.7 Reporting of basic risk data
26.8 Tracking risk performance over time
26.9 Normal distribution curve
26.10 Log normal distribution curve
26.11 Uniform distribution
26.12 Triangular distribution: possible options
26.13 PERT distribution
26.14 Duration uncertainty probability chart
26.15 Duration uncertainty tornado chart
26.16 QSRA probability distribution chart
26.17 Full QSRA tornado chart
26.18 QCRA probability distribution chart
26.19 QCRA tornado chart
30.1 Context of handover and closeout
31.1 Example proforma to collect output rates
Tables
2.1 Examples of requirements and acceptance criteria
6.1 Sources of project information
8.1 Explanation of RACI codes
12.1 A simple cost budget
13.1 Features associated with density of schedules
15.1 Example of activity descriptions
16.1 Example of three-point estimate
16.2 Example of PERT calculation
16.3 Example of comparative estimates
16.4 Example of benchmarked data
16.5 Example of resource-dependent estimate
16.6 Interface impact schedule
21.1 Baseline maintenance, re-planning, re-baselining matrix
22.1 Measurement of float usage
25.1 Example of financial authority
26.1 QCRA confidence levels
27.1 As-planned vs. as-built method
27.2 Impacted as-planned method
27.3 Collapsed as-built method or as-built but for
27.4 Time impact analysis method
Picture credits
The following illustrations have been adapted from originals
published by Taylor Woodrow/Vinci Construction: Figure 8.8, Figure
13.2, Figure 13.3, Figure 14.3, Figures 17.4 to 17.10, Figures 21.1 to
21.6, Figure 22.4, Figure 22.14, Figure 24.1, Figure 26.1, Figures
26.7 to 26.8, Figure 31.1
The following illustrations have been adapted from originals
published by BAE Systems: Figure 8.7, Figure 17.3
The following illustrations have been adapted from originals
published by Turner & Townsend: Table 25.1, Figure 25.2, Figure
25.3
Figure 4.1 courtesy of Neil Curtis
Figure 14.4 courtesy of Balfour Beatty
Illustration on p. 329 courtesy of Simon Taylor/Paul Kidston
All other illustrations are courtesy of the APM PMC SIG
‘Planning is an unnatural process; it is much more fun to do
something. The nicest thing about not planning is that failure comes
as a complete surprise, rather than being preceded by a period of
worry and depression.’
Planning has been part of my life for so many years now. I trained
as a mechanical engineer, and the last assignment of my
apprenticeship was within the construction planning department of
British Steel’s piping division (1974 is a long time ago now,
unfortunately!). That experience captured my imagination and I
decided to embark on a career as a planning engineer. My many
experiences since have taught me how vitally important it is to plan
how a project, programme, portfolio or business will be delivered.
Sir John Harvey Jones’ quote ‘The nicest thing about not planning
is that failure comes as a complete surprise, rather than being
preceded by a period of worry and depression’ reveals a culture still
buried deep within many organisations’ and individuals’ approach to
project or business delivery today. However, when you have been
involved in the ‘complete surprise’ you realise that if the team
involved had opted for the ‘worry and depression’ this would have
prompted action and led to a more successful outcome.
Fortunately, my involvement in successfully delivered projects or
programmes far outweighs my failing project experiences, and,
when looking back, success usually comes down to good definition,
preparation and planning from inception onwards. The Kuwait
reconstruction (1991/1992) and London 2012 Olympic (2008 to
2012) programmes were two big highlights in my career, where the
challenge was to achieve delivery within very clearly defined
timescales under the highest possible level of public scrutiny.
For these programmes, the creation and maintenance of an
integrated suite of plans/schedules allowing project/programme-level
decision making to be effective was a key part of the delivery
success which both commentators at the time and historians since
have recorded.
Now, as a result of the considerable efforts of the APM Planning,
Monitoring and Control (PMC) Specific Interest Group (SIG),
organisations and programme/project teams will have a guide
covering all aspects of planning, from preparing to undertake a
project to executing that project, controlling its safe delivery to
budget, time and quality.
I believe that this publication has captured the best practices for
planning and will become the reference document of note for
organisations and their teams during future project deliveries.
David Birch
Head of capital delivery project controls – National Grid
Formerly head of programme controls – ODA delivery partner CLM
(2008–2012)
12 June 2014
Preface
Paul Kidston
Lead author
June 2014
Acknowledgements
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the memory of Rebecca Evans, a much
respected SIG member and contributor to this guide.
Peer review
The guide was widely peer reviewed by people with a wide range of
experience from outside the SIG, and we are grateful to the
following, who provided significant comments and suggestions:
From the Rhead group, Pete Mill, Steve Highfield, John Nixon and
Robin Smoult; Ben Whitlock (Babcock International Group); James
Manthorpe, Louise Arrowsmith and Sarah Cummins, all of Taylor
Woodrow. From the Cross Industry Planning and Project Controls
(CIPPC) group, Mark Singleton (Balfour Beatty Construction Services
UK), Franco Pittoni (Parsons Brinkerhoff) and Phil Budden (Costain)
all provided useful suggestions.
Purpose
Note
Within this guide, text highlighted in blue means that the term thus
highlighted is referred to in the glossary.
The PSMC Process Map
Overview
This book offers tried and tested techniques and principles covering
these aspects of project management. It introduces some lesser-
known and emerging practices, some of which will move into
mainstream project management in the years to come.
The book is structured into five main sections reflecting these
requirements, and a brief introduction to each section and chapter
follows.
Part One of this guide describes the principal processes that define
the project, and answers these questions.
The first topic dealt with is the creation of the business case
(Chapter 2). This is the starting point in the life of any project, and it
is a vital step in ensuring that the project is viable, affordable and
desirable. It sets the scene for all that follows – the planning,
scheduling, monitoring and control, and, not least, the delivery of
the project.
Assuming the business case is approved, the scope of the project
must be defined and agreed with all stakeholders (Chapter 3).
Defining the scope will begin the process of making key decisions
about the project, defining and selecting from various options until a
preferred solution is agreed and approved.
Once the scope has been agreed, the details of the requirements
are determined. See Chapter 4 (Requirements management).
Stakeholder management (Chapter 5) is dealt with briefly, as the
responsibility for this falls mainly on the project manager (see Soft
Issues – Project Management Time in Figure 1.1).
Chapter 6, the final chapter in Part One (Project familiarisation), is
a checklist of the project documentation that has been created
during the definition stage. These are the key documents that must
be read and understood to enable the planning – and subsequent
processes detailed in the guide – to be carried out in an informed
way.
Figure 1.1 The importance of planning and control in project
management
The first question (Where are we?) may be decomposed into further
questions such as: Are we on schedule? If not, where have the
delays occurred? What caused the delay? Who is responsible, and
what effect will it have on the project? Finally, what can be done to
recover?
The second question (What has it cost to get here?) may also be
broken down into similar questions: Where and why did any over or
under spend occur? Who is responsible and how will we recover?
The question ‘Where are we going?’ may be considered in terms
of time (When are we going to finish?), cost (What is it going to
finally cost?) and quality (Will the finished product do what we
intended?). The analysis of current trends will enable forecasting
and/or challenge on these matters.
The fourth and final question (How can we correct any problems?)
also requires project-specific experience and very often innovative
thinking, topics that this guide does not, indeed cannot, cover. The
monitoring and control process provides the basis for asking the
right questions, and perhaps the basis for answering them.
The chapter on baselines (Chapter 21) could be a section in its
own right, as it is the pivot between the planning and scheduling
effort and the processes of monitoring and control. It is, however, a
useful introduction to performance management, and touches on
issues of change and other forms of control that are dealt with later
in this part of the book.
Performance reporting (Chapter 22) covers the collection of
progress and cost information and how this is turned into useful
management data. Various reporting techniques are discussed: first,
variance reports that simply measure differences, exposing them
(hopefully) to potential management action; second, a category that
we have called ‘performance analysis methods’ that includes
potentially the most valuable reporting of all, earned value analysis.
As stated in the earlier purpose section of this guide, this book does
not supersede the APM’s own Earned Value Handbook, and readers
with a further interest in this subject should refer to that guide.
However, this guide does cover the basic principles of earned value.
Cost control is given its own chapter (Chapter 23), and, although
it is covered with some brevity, the fundamental principles are
discussed.
After the project has started, the project needs to react to
progress made and re-plan as necessary. This is often the driver of
short-term planning (although breaking plans into greater levels of
detail (or ‘densities’) is also a function of this). In Chapter 24, we
outline this process.
Chapters 25 and 26 discuss two processes that will actually be
active throughout the whole life of the project. The former discusses
change management, and the latter gives an overview of risk
management. This chapter provides details of the QSRA and QCRA
processes, which are the quantitative analyses of schedule and cost,
respectively (hence the acronyms). These are tools that check the
initial and ongoing robustness of the project plans.
The last chapter in Part Four (Chapter 27) discusses forensic
analysis and delay and disruption analysis.
Vaneau est de ceux qui, faisant leur possible pour n’être jamais
en retard, arrivent toujours avant l’heure. Seulement ce dîner n’en
finit pas. On a beau faire maigre à cause du vendredi saint :
beaucoup trop de plats se succèdent. Son oncle, sa tante et sa
cousine sont ce soir en veine de conversation. Il place de-ci de-là un
mot qu’il a l’air de donner pour ce qu’il vaut, qu’il jette comme un
vulgaire caillou sur un tas d’or. Il se dit :
« Ils vont me faire manquer mon train. »
Mais il garde pour lui son anxiété de peur de paraître ridicule.
Pourtant au dessert il se décide à poser sa serviette, repousse sa
chaise et dit :
— Il va être neuf heures et mon train part à dix heures cinq. Je
crois que d’ici à la gare de Lyon j’en ai pour un moment.
Il eût mieux fait de se taire. On s’exclame :
— Mais en un rien de temps tu y seras. Ne te presse pas.
Mange-moi cette figue… Et qu’est-ce que tu vas prendre avec ton
café ?
Ce serait à croire qu’il ignore qu’à Paris les omnibus vont vite. Ils
vont même si vite que souvent, pour monter dans l’un d’eux, il faut
en laisser passer trois ou quatre.
Un quart d’heure s’écoule. Vaneau ne tient plus en place.
— Je crois tout de même qu’il est temps ! dit sentencieusement
l’oncle. Place de l’Opéra tu prendras Gare Saint-Lazare-Gare de
Lyon.
C’est une des premières nuits de l’année où grâce aux premiers
souffles du printemps on puisse rester sur une impériale. Vaneau
retourne au pays pour trois jours. On a bien voulu lui accorder la
journée du samedi. Quant au dimanche et au lundi de Pâques, ils
appartiennent à tout le monde.
L’omnibus va vite. Sachant sans doute que Vaneau doit être à la
gare de Lyon pour le train de dix heures cinq, il fait son possible.
Mais tout le monde fait son possible, le train aussi, qui ne tient pas à
avoir à rattraper du retard… et qui s’ébranle au moment précis où
Vaneau débouche sur le quai. Courir après ? Peine perdue. Il n’y a
plus que les paysans pour faire des signaux de détresse avec leur
parapluie de cotonnade bleue. Il reste digne : ce n’est que départ
remis. Il se renseigne ; le train suivant part vers une heure du matin.
« Au moins, se dit-il, je ne serai pas bousculé. Il n’y aura
personne. »
Il est libre, n’ayant pas même de valise, — à quoi bon pour trois
jours ? — d’aller, en attendant, où bon lui semble. Il préfère se
promener dans l’immense salle d’attente. Il ne sortira point de la
gare de peur des mauvaises rencontres la nuit, surtout pour ne pas
se perdre dans ce quartier qu’il ne connaît pas. Mais que c’est
interminable, comme les heures de faction devant de paisibles
poudrières qui se garderaient de sauter si personne ne les y aidait !
A partir de minuit quelques voyageurs apparaissent. Il y en a
d’emmitoufflés. Voici un monsieur avec deux dames, une grande,
brune, une petite, blonde. Deux dames ? Deux jeunes filles plutôt.
Elles portent l’une et l’autre des paquets. Chacune a sur les épaules
un manteau. La nuit a beau être fraîche, le monsieur est en veston ;
sans doute ne les accompagnera-t-il pas plus loin ? Vaneau se voit
montant dans le même compartiment que les deux inconnues. Il les
laissera passer les premières sur le quai. Du coin de l’œil il observe
le groupe : superbe décidément la plus jeune ! Cheveux noirs, yeux
luisants, lèvres rouges.
Elles doivent avoir l’habitude de voyager ; elles ne se pressent
pas. Tout à l’heure pour la première fois de sa vie Vaneau a manqué
son train ; il s’est juré pas trop tard qu’on ne l’y prendrait plus. Pas
aujourd’hui en tout cas. Il arrive avant elles sur le quai. Il flâne
affectant d’aller de wagon en wagon pour les examiner tous, sans
pouvoir se décider. Pourtant presque tous sont vides.
Enfin il grimpe, va fermer la portière du fond… Son cœur bondit :
elles montent dans le compartiment voisin. Il n’est séparé d’elles que
par une cloison à hauteur de poitrine. Tout de suite parlant haut,
affectant de rire et de ne pas même soupçonner si près d’elles la
présence d’un jeune homme, elles rangent leurs paquets. Elles sont
seules. Vaneau ne s’est pas trompé ; le monsieur en veston est déjà
parti.
Il a maintenant la certitude d’avoir produit sur l’une d’elles, sur
toutes deux peut-être, une forte impression. Elles pouvaient choisir
un autre wagon : il n’en manque pas d’inoccupés. Mais elles ont dû
le suivre du regard ; vont-elles bientôt se disputer son cœur ?
Le train part. Mais Paris le suit longtemps avec ses maisons
endormies devant qui les becs de gaz encore allumés montent la
faction, immobiles, sans cligner des yeux. Vaneau ne regarde que
les deux inconnues. Il affecte de ne pas pouvoir tenir en place. Il va
et vient d’une portière à l’autre en jeune homme supérieur, habitué
aux nuits sans sommeil. Mais, seul, il serait déjà étendu sur la
banquette à dormir. Il s’énerve. Comment engager la conversation ?
Puisqu’elles ne se décident pas à parler les premières, elles auraient
mieux fait d’aller se coucher ailleurs. Car la blonde fait ses
préparatifs.
Vaneau n’est pas hardi. La confiance en soi-même est son
moindre défaut. C’est sa première aventure et, encore, en herbe. Il
hésite, cherche. Il observe du coin de l’œil, écoute des deux oreilles.
Elles parlent haut comme les oiseaux babillent avant de s’endormir.
Il se décide à regarder dehors. Il est bon d’avoir l’air songeur en
contemplant des paysages. Plus ils sont invisibles et plus vous
pouvez intéresser ceux qui vous observent : vous scrutez la
mystérieuse profondeur de l’ombre, vous voyez nettement ce que
personne n’aperçoit. Une toute petite lumière lointaine éclaire pour
vous seul des mondes. S’il faisait un peu moins nuit malgré la
veilleuse, s’il était un peu moins secoué, Vaneau prendrait des
notes, c’est-à-dire qu’il écrirait n’importe quoi, quelle heure il est, ce
qu’il lui reste d’argent.
— Savez-vous, demande la blonde à la brune, à quelle heure
nous arriverons à Cravant ?
— Vers huit heures, je suppose ?
Vaneau se précipite :
— Mademoiselle voulez-vous mon indicateur ?
Il a franchi le Rubicon. Elles remercient en souriant. Et — ce
n’est peut-être pas délicat, parce qu’il a l’air de compter sur « la fin »,
— il s’accoude à la cloison et les regarde de plus près. Tandis que la
blonde continue de s’installer pour dormir, l’autre s’approche pour lui
rendre son indicateur. Il n’aurait pu désirer mieux.
— Voici, monsieur. Je vous remercie.
Va-t-elle maintenant s’asseoir ? Si oui, tout est perdu. Mais
Vaneau faisant appel à tout son courage, lui demande, tremblant
qu’elle lui tourne le dos :
— Vous allez à Cravant, mademoiselle ?
— Un peu plus loin, à Voutenay, près d’Avallon.
Ils disent l’un et l’autre ce qu’ils peuvent inventer de mieux pour
se faire valoir chacun de son côté.
… C’est un peu humiliant de voyager en troisième classe, mais
les compagnies de chemins de fer, le P.-L.-M. surtout, ont tant
d’attentions pour les voyageurs qu’il n’y a que très peu de différence
entre une troisième classe et une deuxième.
… Oh ! pour les longs trajets, par exemple, pour aller jusqu’à
Nice, une deuxième est tout de même préférable.
— Certainement ! approuve Vaneau. C’est une jeune fille
distinguée, se dit-il, et qui va lors de chaque carnaval se réjouir à
Nice. Il parle avec enthousiasme de Paris qu’il commence à
connaître à peine.
Ainsi aiguillée la conservation va comme le train, sans s’arrêter. Il
y a de petites gares où tous les deux font halte en se taisant, pour se
reposer. Sur leurs âmes comme sur ces campagnes qu’ils traversent
sans les voir un doux clair de lune répand sa lumière. A mesure
qu’ils parlent ils croient se mieux connaître.
Vaneau ne regrette plus d’avoir manqué son train.
Pourtant, fatiguée la première, elle s’assoit pour dormir. Lui, ce lui
serait impossible.
Le jour se lève. Vaneau n’y tient plus : il enjambe la cloison. La
jeune fille brune qui ne faisait que sommeiller le regarde étonnée et
muette. L’autre dort ou fait semblant.
— Serait-ce une fausse manœuvre ? se demande-t-il inquiet.
Maladroitement il a fait dérailler cette amitié qui depuis trois ou
quatre heures marchait si bien.
Pour se donner une contenance il regarde à travers la vitre qu’il
essuie d’un revers de la paume le paysage net, presque sans
brumes, encore endormi. Mais on sent que bientôt comme avec un
aiguillon le soleil va le piquer de son premier rayon pour le réveiller.
Un instant distrait, comme pris d’une inspiration subite, Vaneau
cherche dans la poche intérieure de son pardessus. Il en tire un
carnet, — celui sur les feuillets quadrillés duquel il recopie ses vers,
— paraît s’absorber dans leur lecture. Mais tout à coup :
— Mademoiselle ! dit-il, en lui faisant signe.
Elle est obligée par politesse, de quitter son coin pour se
rapprocher de lui, mais d’un peu mauvaise grâce comme si elle
n’osait pas lui dire :
— Qu’est-ce que vous me voulez encore ?
— Tenez, ce sont des vers que j’ai faits. Voulez-vous les lire ?
Elle n’a peut-être jamais lu de vers. Mais il ne doute pas qu’elle
ne doive tomber amoureuse de lui sur la foi d’un sonnet.
Il jurerait que toutes les femmes aiment la poésie. Son plus
intime regret est de n’en avoir pas trouvé, jusqu’à ce jour, une à qui
faire lire ses vers.