Assignment on Treatment Approaches for Juvenile Delinquents

Course Name: Offender Treatment: Theories and Methods (405)

Submitted To
Farzana Rahman
Lecturer
Department of Criminology and Police Science
University of Chittagong

Submitted By
Group-A

Date of Submission: 26.04.2024

 Id Name

20409001 Md Tousif

20409005 Michel Dey

20409010 Abdullah AL Numan

20409018 Didarul Azim Dider

20409032 Ziabul Hoque

20409037 Durjoy Shill

19409026 Imam Hossen

Abstract
The article discusses juvenile delinquency and its causes and factors from
Bangladesh's perspective. In recent times, the issue has been highlighted the most.
Indeed, a large number of young people are engaged in juvenile crimes. In response
to this, the juvenile justice system emerges. The article puts priority over the
treatment approaches for juvenile delinquents. Additionally, the article highlights the
juvenile justice system, trial procedures for juveniles, punishment and
recommendations for treatment approaches for juvenile delinquents.
Introduction
Globally, the issue of juvenile delinquency is getting worse every day. We observe
that a large number of young people are involved in a variety of crimes, including
drug use, gang culture, robberies, theft, and street fights. Children are increasingly
joining terrorist organizations. It's a grave scenario since, even at such an early age,
they could turn up to be prominent criminals, mafia members, or terrorists. The
juvenile justice systems of many nations were established long ago by their
governments as a means of deterring juvenile offenders and deviants from crime.

Concept of Juvenile

A juvenile is a person who has not yet attained the age of eighteen years. In other
words, individuals under 18 years of age.

According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, “Juvenile is an individual who is under

an age fixed by law (such as 18 years) at which he or she would be charged as an
adult for a criminal act.”

According to the Cambridge Dictionary, “Juvenile relates to a person who is yet old
enough to be considered an adult.”

According to Collins Dictionary, “A juvenile is a child or young person who is not

yet old enough to be regarded as an adult.

The phrase "juvenile" refers to young people who are not yet adults, are
idiosyncratic, and more like children than adults. A young kid who has committed a
crime but is not yet an adult is considered a juvenile delinquent.
In 1484, William Coxson coined the term "delinquent" to characterize an individual
convicted of a customary offence. To put it another way, delinquency can be defined
as a behaviour that deviates from the social norms of acceptable behaviour.

Any offence committed by a young criminal under a specific age restriction is

referred to as juvenile delinquency, and in Bangladesh, any offender under the age
of eighteen will be considered a juvenile delinquent.

Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile delinquency includes all sorts of public wrongs committed by young people
between the ages of 12 and 20.

The United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency clearly
defines that “Juvenile Delinquency refers to youthful behaviour or conduct that does
not conform to overall social norms and values.”

According to Merriam-Webster “Juvenile Delinquency is a violation of the law

committed by a juvenile and not punishable by death or life imprisonment.”

According to Cambridge Dictionary, “Juvenile delinquency is a crime which is

committed by young people”.

Juvenile delinquency, sometimes referred to as juvenile offending or child crime, is

the term used to describe minors engaging in illegal behaviour. The majority of legal
systems specify precise protocols for handling juvenile offenders, including juvenile
detention facilities and courts.

A juvenile delinquent is an individual who, usually under the age of 18, performs an
act for which they would have been prosecuted as an adult. People under the age of
eighteen may be charged and tried as adults depending on the nature and seriousness
of the offence (Schwartz, 1953). Furthermore, juvenile delinquency can also be
defined as follows: misbehaving teenager, miscreant, misguided teen, misguided
young person, neglectful fledgling, offending immature person, violator under age,
young wrongdoer, derelict adolescent, derelict inexperienced person, derelict junior,
immature youngster (Eadie, 2003).

Types of Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile delinquency, or offending, can be separated into three categories:

1. delinquency, crimes committed by minors which are dealt with by the juvenile
courts and justice system;

2. criminal behaviour, crimes dealt with by the criminal justice system, and

3. Status offences, offences which are only classified as such because one is a
minor, such as truancy, are also dealt with by the juvenile courts.

Moffitt's (2006) developmental research indicates that two distinct categories of

offenders arise during adolescence. Two types of offenders exist: the life-course-
persistent offender, also known as the repeat offender, who starts offending or
exhibiting antisocial/aggressive behaviour in adolescence (or even childhood) and
keeps it up until adulthood; and the age-specific offender, also known as the
adolescence-limited offender, whose juvenile delinquency starts and ends during
their adolescent years.

Juvenile Justice System

The juvenile justice system deals with the sentencing, educational, recreational, and
safety conditions, providing the programs for rehabilitation and reintegration of
youngsters.

According to Britannica, “Juvenile justice, is the system of laws, policies, and

procedures intended to regulate the processing and treatment of nonadult offenders
for violations of law and to provide legal remedies that protect their interests in
situations of conflict or neglect.”

Discussion

Defining Juvenile in Legal Terms

1. The Penal Code states that a person in Bangladesh must be at least nine
(formerly seven) years old to be considered criminally responsible (S-82).

2. Contract Act, 1872: A person should be treated as a minor or child if they are
under the age of 18.

3. The Employment of Children Act, 1938: An individual is deemed a child if

they are under the age of fifteen.

4. The Vagrancy Act of 1943: A person is still regarded as a kid up until the age
of 14.

5. Concerning the age of the kid, the Children Act, 2013 states that "anyone up
to the age of 18 years is defined as a child in section 4."

6. The Children's Rights Convention (CRC): One should be treated like a child
until they become eighteen (Article 1). "Every human being below the age of
eighteen, unless under the law applicable to the child, the majority is attained
earlier," states Article 1.

Factors of Juvenile Delinquency

1. Early aggressive behaviour towards others and animals

2. Substance abuse

3. Association with antisocial or delinquent peers

4. Family and Community Risk Factors

5. Childhood maltreatment

6. Parental criminality

Causes of Juvenile Delinquency in Bangladesh

1. Family separation or broken family

2. Lack of attachment

3. Excessive use of the internet

4. Poverty

5. Easy access to drugs

6. Peer groups

7. Irresponsibility of law enforcement agencies

8. Physical, Biological and Psychological factors

Trends of Juvenile Delinquency

The following fundamental facts and trends can be used to categorize the current
state of adolescent delinquency and crime:

A rise in violent and serious crimes has been noted among young people.

According to a 1995 report by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, there is an

increase in drug-related offences.
The phenomenon of globalization and the increased mobility of sizable population
groupings have resulted in a rise in criminal conduct linked to prejudice towards
individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

In certain cases, high-level group crimes resulting from the actions of ethnically
based delinquent organizations are linked to the challenges faced by immigrants and
their offspring.

Juvenile crimes are frequently associated with less evident causes; for example, such
behaviours may be a reflection of specific religious radicalism-derived teachings or
customs, or the need to build gender identity through violence.

Adolescents and children in challenging situations are easy targets for organized
crime's involvement in sexual exploitation, drug trafficking, and armed wars.

Many young people worldwide have been forced to become independent due to
family breakdown, poverty, and the loss of parents to HIV/AIDS or armed conflict
(Cauffman and others, 2007).

Crime Theories Applicable to Juvenile Delinquency

There are a multitude of different theories on the causes of crime, most if not all of
which apply to the causes of juvenile delinquency.

Rational choice- Classical criminology stresses that causes of crime lie within the
individual offender, rather than in their external environment. For classicists,
offenders are motivated by rational self-interest, and the importance of free will and
personal responsibility is emphasized. Rational choice theory is the clearest example
of this idea. Delinquency is one of the major factors motivated by rational choice
(Aaron and others, 2010).

Social disorganization- Current positivist approaches generally focus on the culture.

A type of criminological theory attributing variation in crime and delinquency over
time and among territories to the absence or breakdown of communal institutions
(e.g. family, school, church and social groups.) and communal relationships that
traditionally encouraged cooperative relationships among the people.

Strain- Strain theory is associated mainly with the work of Robert Merton. He felt
that there are institutionalized paths to success in society. Strain theory holds that
crime is caused by the difficulty those in poverty have in achieving socially valued
goals by legitimate means (Bartol, 2009). As those with, for instance, poor
educational attainment have difficulty achieving wealth and status by securing well-
paid employment, they are more likely to use criminal means to obtain these goals.
Merton's suggests five adaptations to this dilemma:

1. Innovation: individuals who accept socially approved goals, but not necessarily
the socially approved means.

2. Retreatism: those who reject socially approved goals and the means for acquiring
them.

3. Ritualism: those who buy into a system of socially approved means, but lose sight
of the goals. Merton believed that drug users are in this category.

4. Conformity: those who conform to the system's means and goals.

5. Rebellion: people who negate socially approved goals and means by creating a
new system of acceptable goals and means.
A difficulty with strain theory is that it does not explore why children of low-income
families would have poor educational attainment in the first place. More importantly,
is the fact that much youth crime does not have an economic motivation. Strain
theory fails to explain violent crime, the type of youth crime which causes the most
anxiety to the public.

Differential Association Theory: This theory examines how peer pressure and the
presence of gangs may influence young people to commit crimes in a group setting.
It implies that juvenile offenders are inspired to commit crimes by their delinquent
friends, from whom they also pick up criminal abilities. Men's decision to stop
offending has also been linked to their peers' lessening influence following marriage.
Empirical research suggests that juvenile offenders who have criminal associates are
more likely to become criminals themselves (Moffitt, 2006). Instead of delinquent
friends inspiring someone to commit an offence, criminals may prefer to hang out
with each other. In addition, there's the matter of how the delinquent peer group
became that way in the first place.

Labelling: The goal of labelling theory, a concept in criminology, is to explain

deviant behaviour by examining the social context rather than the individual.
According to the theory of interaction-ism criminology, young people are more
prone to commit crimes after being classified as criminals (Walklate, 2003). The
theory is that if a young child is labelled as deviant, they might come to terms with
it and be more inclined to associate with other people who have received similar
labels. Labelling theorists claim that because male children from low-income homes
are more likely to be labelled as deviant, this helps to explain why there are more
young male offenders from lower socioeconomic classes.

Social Control: According to social control theory, taking advantage of the

socialization and learning processes helps people develop self-control and can lessen
their propensity to engage in actions that are considered antisocial. The four modes
of control listed below can help prevent teenage delinquency:

i. Direct: in which caregivers, family members, and other authority figures

encourage compliance while threatening or punishing defiance (Piquero, 2003).

ii. Internal: a young person's superego or conscience serves as a means of preventing

misbehaviour.

iii. Indirect: by identifying with people who have the power to shape conduct, for
example, since a delinquent act could hurt and disappoint parents or other close
relatives.

iv. Control through wants satisfaction: If a person's needs are fully satisfied, there is
no need for them to engage in illegal conduct.

International Safeguards for Juvenile Justice

Juvenile Justice has become an international issue since the Convention on the
Rights of the Child (CRC) came into force in 1990. Articles 37 and 40 of the
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) specifically mention the treatment of
children in conflict with the law.

There are other three significant UN-sponsored documents relating to the standards
and guidelines for the treatment of children and young people in conflict with the
law.

1. The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Protection of Juveniles,

known as the Beijing rules

2. The UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (the

Riyadh Guidelines) and
 3. The UN Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Liberty
(JDLs).

4. The Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners

5. The Tokyo Rules on Non-Custodial Measures.

6. the UNCRC (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child)

7. UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Justice (Beijing

Rules)

8. UN Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty

(Havana Rules)

Juvenile Justice System in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has not fully taken into consideration the CRC and international
instruments on juvenile justice in reforming laws and the juvenile justice system.
Bangladesh’s juvenile justice system has been defined as “insufficiently addressed’’
by the UN Committee on the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In Bangladesh,
the Children Act of 2013 is the principal law relating to children. It deals with both
children in conflict with the law and children in need of protection.

Children under a certain age can enter the criminal justice system through the
juvenile justice system. The juvenile justice system is essentially the process of
administering justice to kids who are charged or claimed to have violated the
criminal laws of the nation. Now the Juvenile Justice system is governed by the
newly enacted law named The Children Act 2013 widely known as Shisu Ain 2013.

The Children Act 2013 was passed with provisions for kid-friendly Children's Courts
and other kid-friendly practices in a variety of settings, including police stations
having child help desks, a national child welfare board being established, probation
officers, and alternative preventive measures based on the CRC that would guarantee
separate justice for children.

(a) Creation of Juvenile Court: Under the Children Act, the government is required
to create juvenile courts wherever it deems appropriate. The Act gives the court of
Additional Session Judge, Assistant Session Judge, Magistrate First Class, and the
High Court Division Court the authority to exercise juvenile court jurisdiction up to
and unless the juvenile courts are constituted. A juvenile court will handle two
primary tasks. The first task is to try instances in which a minor is accused of
committing an offence; the second is to handle and resolve other cases under the Act.

It should be noted that children might be taken before the juvenile court for reasons
other than just a trial, such as for their treatment, care, and protection. When destitute
children are brought before the court, for instance, the court may order that the
children be sent to the approved home after receiving an acceptable amount of
satisfaction.

"...trial Court failed to apply its judicial mind as to the age of appellant Shiplu, who
appears to have been below the age of 16 years at the time of trial," it was decided
in the case of "Shiplu and another Vs State," 49 (1997) DLR, HCD, at p. 53. This
renders the conviction and sentence imposed on appellant Shiplu by the trial liable
to be overturned for lack of jurisdiction.

(b) Prohibition of joint trial: The Act forbids trying a kid concurrently with an adult;
even if the youngster commits the same crime as an adult, he must have his trial. Put
otherwise, if an adult and a child commit a crime together, their trials will not be
held concurrently.
The court ruled that the trial of the child and adult together is void ab initio in the
case of "Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust and others v. Bangladesh and
others" (2002) 7 BLC (HCD) 85.

It was decided in the case of "Bimal Das v. State" 46 DLR 460 that an adult trial
would be admissible in situations where the defendant was under 16 when the
offence was committed but was an adult at the time of trial. The age mentioned in
this section does not correspond to the age at which the offence was committed;
rather, it refers to the age at which he is accused.

It was decided in the case of "Bimal Das v. State" 46 DLR 460 that an adult trial
would be admissible in situations where the defendant was under 16 when the
offence was committed but was an adult at the time of trial. The age mentioned in
this section does not correspond to the age at which the offence was committed;
rather, it refers to the age at which he is accused.

(d) The court's reformative approach: The Children Act states that no child may be
sentenced to death, transportation, or imprisonment unless the court determines that
the offence committed by the child is so serious or that the child is too mischievous
to be placed in a recognized institution. In such cases, the child may be sentenced to
imprisonment. The Children Act's recommendations for child offenders' reform are
one of its key features. It stipulates that the criminal would be given priority by the
court above the offence he committed.

The High Court Division confirmed in the case of "State Vs Deputy Commissioner,
Satkhira" {45(1993) DLR, HCD, at p-643} that the court will consider the child's
age, character, living conditions, and any other relevant factors before imposing a
sentence. In contrast to the criminal justice system, the court will not judge a kid
guilty only based on the act.
The Appellate Division overturned a decision made by Mr. Ikteder Ahmed, Bicharak
(District and Sessions Judge), Nari-O-Shishu Nirjatan Daman Bishesh Adalat,
Comilla, in the case of "Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust and others vs.
Bangladesh and others" (Supreme Court Writ Petition No. 1341 of 2000), in which
the judge sentenced a juvenile offender to life in prison and disregarded "The
Children Act 1974."

(e) Prohibition against publishing a child's personal information: It is important to

remember that the court will always consider the child's best interests while he is
being tried. The Act also forbids publishing a child's personal information in any
newspaper or magazine concerning the child's future well-being. In the context of a
trial involving a minor or juvenile offender, even the terms "conviction" and
"sentence" are forbidden.

(f) The Court's Child-Friendly Environment: All cases and proceedings will be heard
straightforwardly, without adhering to formalities, and careful attention will be given
to ensuring that the child against whom the case or proceeding has been instituted
feels comfortable and at home during the hearing.

The Children Act, 2013

The Children Act, 2013, was passed on June 16, 2013, by the National Parliament.
It was in effect from August 21, 2013. The new act consists of 11 chapters and 100
sections and is associated with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child (CRC) and replaced the Children Act 1974.
Definition of Children and Age of Criminal Responsibility

The Children Act, of 1974 defined a child under the age of 16. The new Children's
Act defines children as any individual up to the age of 18 years. According to the
penal code, an act can’t be defined as an act committed by a child under the age of
9 years. Moreover, a child can’t be accused of a crime until he doesn’t understand
the nature and consequences of the act done by him, he should be free from criminal
responsibility.

Arrest, Detention and Bail of Juvenile Delinquent

The act has prohibited the arrest or detention of a child below the age of 9 years. It
also prohibits arrest or detention of any child. If a child is arrested, he can’t be
handcuffed or tied with rope around his waist. The officer must arrest any child to
determine the age of criminal responsibility and to inform CAPO (Child Affairs
Police Officer) of the reason for the arrest, place, and every detail of the allegation
brought against him.

Trial Procedure for Juvenile Delinquent

When a child is engaged in any offence with an adult, there will be a separate charge
sheet for the child and that child should be tried separately. Children Act, 2013
prohibits joint charge-sheet and joint trial of a child with an adult.

The trial of a child should be done on camera. The concerned parties relating to the
children including parents, legal guardians or any member of the family, officers,
and employees of the court, CAPO, the concerned lawyer, or any person may present
in the court. The new act provides a timeframe for completing the trial within 360
days from the day of the appearance of the child. If the trial is not completed within
the time, the court may order an additional 60 days for the completion of the trial.
Punishment of Juvenile Delinquents

According to section 33 of the Children Act of 2013, no child can be sentenced to

death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment unless he is found to have committed
a serious offence. The court may think that the child is disobedient or punishment is
not sufficient, he can be sent to a certified institute. The child may be ordered to be
kept in a certified institute rather than prison until he reaches the age of 18 years.

When a child is sentenced to imprisonment, he or she shall not be allowed to make

a communication with any adult in the prison. When a child is found guilty of an
offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life the children’s court may
order the child to be detained in a Child Development Center for a period not less
than 3 and not more than 10 years. Moreover, when a child is found guilty of an
offense not punishable by death or imprisonment for life he may be ordered to be
detained in a Child Development Center for up to three years.

Whenever a child is found to have committed any offence, the court cannot use terms
such as “offender”, “convicted”, or “sentenced” instead of terms such as “guilty
person”, or “found guilty”.

Probation

The Children Act, 2013 provides the provision for the appointment responsibilities
and duties of probation officers. Moreover, it provides for the appointment of one or
more probation officers in every district, upazila, or metropolitan area.

The responsibility of the probation officer is to ensure the reason for which he was
brought to the police station, to provide the child with all kinds of assistance, to
communicate and coordinate with the police about the case well as to evaluate the
possibility of bail for the child with the Child Affairs Police Officer.
Rehabilitation and Reintegration

There are three juvenile correction centres in our country with remand home
facilities. They are considered to be specialized agencies for taking care of children
who come in conflict with the law. The key objective of this correctional institution
is to promote the rehabilitation and reintegration of children.

The treatment approaches for juvenile delinquents

The Cambridge Dictionary defines treatment as how one handles or comports

oneself toward another or as the process of taking into consideration and analyzing
something. Treatment, as used in medicine, refers to any action taken to cure a
patient of a disease or damage. Once more, therapy is applying a specific substance
or subjecting an object to a specific procedure to alter its state. In this context,
"treatment of juvenile delinquency under the criminal justice system" refers to the
institutional and non-institutional options offered to young offenders as a substitute
for the formal criminal justice system, offering them chances for rehabilitation and
reintegration into society to alter their behaviour both inside and outside of it.
The primary goals of the criminal justice system are to control crime, punish
offenders, prevent crimes, protect innocent people, and uphold social harmony and
stability. It functions similarly to other social institutions in that it is constantly
focused on the prevention, investigation, prosecution, and punishment of offenders
and offences. In addition to the treatment provided by Bangladesh's traditional
criminal justice system for adult delinquency, the concerned institutions and
stakeholders must make use of all appropriate and available forms of assistance,
including educational, moral, religious, and remedial programs. They should also try
to apply these programs to the unique treatment needs of juvenile offenders.
The treatment of child offenders refers to a set of activities and various theoretical
and practice models of treatment. Some of these Theories and Methods are given
below:
1. Alternative Approaches to the Treatment
Child Welfare and Rehabilitation Model
The rehabilitative paradigm concentrates on treating the offender with the
expectation that interventions like behaviour therapy, cognitive skill training, work
preparation, probation supervision, and training will alter behaviour and lower the
number of juvenile offenders. The rehabilitation model is based on Merton's (1938)
Strain theory, which holds that everyone aspires to realize their version of the
American Dream and that rehabilitation is necessary for juvenile offenders and their
re-entry into mainstream society because it lays the groundwork for a healthy
lifestyle in the community after they leave the juvenile justice system. Sometimes
one is obliged to turn to illegal tactics to accomplish goals when they lack the
resources to do so. Rehabilitation is essential, then, since it teaches people the
measures that must be taken to achieve their goals and how to do it in a way that is
legal and appropriate.

Modified Justice Model

The Child Welfare and Justice Models are combined in this model. It displays a
focus on child welfare by acknowledging that the greatest way to reduce child crime
is to provide kids with the tools they need to live pro-social lives, which may be done
through offering preventive and intervention services. However, these rehabilitation
initiatives are carried out within the framework of a legal system, which is concerned
with judicial processing and legal rights.
Crime Control Model
Criminal activity is seen as deliberate and morally wrong. The only proper response
to these actions is to apply criminal penalties, ideally with a jail sentence. Although
diversionary measures may be used to address more minor situations, there is
typically minimal concern regarding the impact of this approach on rehabilitation
efforts.
2. Therapeutic Methods
Group Therapy
Group therapy is more effective than individual therapy primarily because it allows
the therapist to act as a moderator, enabling the juvenile offenders to challenge
themselves to identify and resolve problems. Group therapy lays the groundwork for
juvenile offenders to share commonalities; This prevents the juvenile offenders from
being singled out and enables them to draw from shared experiences. Engaging in
active listening leads to a breakthrough in rehabilitation as the young offenders look
to one another for guidance and assistance.
Group Housing
When undergoing rehabilitation, adolescent offenders might benefit greatly from
group living or residential fallibilities. Group housing is special in that it provides
young offenders with many resources they require, including a safe atmosphere to
aid in their transition back into society.

Family Therapy
Therapy and family participation are crucial components of the juvenile offender
rehabilitation process. Many families with several siblings experience time
constraints and insufficient attention for each child, which contributes to the
delinquency of juveniles. Additionally, the parents' lack of involvement is a result
of other problems including substance misuse, jail, or poverty. Because family
therapy gives the family a chance to comprehend the circumstances of their former
delinquent child, it also facilitates the rehabilitation of the entire family. The control
theory (1969) is explained by family therapy, which fosters the development of
strong social relationships through treatment. As a result, juvenile offenders are less
likely to re-offend since they are reestablishing a solid foundational relationship.

3. Vocational Education and training programs

After they are released from the facilities, vocational programs may have the power
to transform the lives of these offenders. The reason this kind of treatment is
important is that it makes it easier for young offenders to reintegrate into society
since they will feel more accomplished and less prone to commit crimes or
recidivate. Having a skilled skill or trade gives juvenile offenders greater self-
assurance and facilitates their reintegration into society.

4. Contribution from contemporary theory and Research

Modern research has also contributed significantly by assisting us in determining the
necessity and risk variables connected to juvenile criminal conduct. The youth's
circumstances or personal traits that put them in danger of engaging in antisocial
behaviour are referred to as risk factors. Need factors refer to the subset of risk
factors that can be changed through interventions, and, if changed, reduce the
chances of future antisocial behaviour. In Bangladesh, treatment for child offenders
is provided rarely. Most of the time, punishment is given for offending. Punishment
varies according to the gravity of the offence.
Per the Children Act of 1974, the government constructed three Correctional
Institutes, each consisting of a Juvenile Court, a Remand Home, and a Training
Institute.

1. The Correctional Institute for Boys in Jessore,

2. The National Correctional Institute for Girls at Konabari, Gazipur, and

3. The National Correctional Institute for Boys at Tongi, Gazipur are these
institutes.

These correctional institutions deal with various programs. Such as,

• Vocational Training Programs

• Education Program

• Counselling for correction and Rehabilitation

• Recreational activities

Vocational Training Programs

The goal of a vocational training program in correctional institutes is to make

juvenile offenders skilled so that they can be employed in the profession.

National Correctional Correctional Institute National Correctional

Institute for Boys, for Boys, Jessore Institute for Girls,
Tongi, Gazipur Konabari, Gazipur

Tailoring & Industrial Automobile Tailoring &

Sewing
Welding Industrial Sewing
Automobile
Electrical Wiring Embroidery
 Welding Electronics Electronics

Electrical Wiring Poultry

Wood Works

Education Program

Education is necessary. Indeed, education facilities are provided inside the prison.
Moreover, religious education is also provided to the children for moral
development.

Counseling for Correction and Rehabilitation

Counselling and motivation for behavioural correction, psych-social and human

development, socialization, and re-integration of the inmates are done by social
workers and probation officers through the following methods.

• Individual casework

• Group work and focus group discussions

• Motivation

• Parents Guidance

• Follow-up
Recreational activities

Recreational facilities are provided to the correctional institutions like games

(indoor and outdoor) and Physical exercise etc.

Farzana Boby, a sub-inspector at the child affairs desk of Khulna's Sonadanga Model
police station, stated, "A child has to stay with serious crime convicts in the
correction centre." Remaining with those prisoners for an extended period makes it
difficult for a youngster to make amends in the future. Correctional community for
juvenile offenders, Dhaka Tribune, October 25, 2016

CAPO

Under the direction of the home ministry, a "Child Affairs Desk" is run by a "Child
Affairs Police Officer" (CAPO), who is at least a Sub-Inspector in rank. When
allocating the Child Affairs Desk's responsibilities, the respective police station's
female Sub-Inspector will be given preference. The following are the duties and
responsibilities of the Child Affairs Police Officer:

keeping separate files and registers for cases involving children; notifying the
probation officer when a child is brought to the police station;

notifying the child's parents or, in their absence, the guardian or members of his
extended family of the date on which the child must appear in court and other details;

offering the child immediate mental support; making arrangements for first aid and,
if required, sending the child to a clinic or hospital; and taking the necessary actions
to meet the child's basic needs.

Other duties: The Child Affairs Police Officer is also responsible for monitoring the
accuracy with which the child's age is ascertained, including whether the certificate
of birth registration or other trustworthy papers that are pertinent to the matter are
taken into account.

A school certificate, the date of birth provided upon enrollment, or any other
pertinent document may be considered if a birth certificate is unavailable.

The CAPO has the authority to release young offenders in exchange for an
agreement that ensures their care and rehabilitation will occur in their community
under the supervision of their guardians.

After issuing a verbal or written warning to the youngster in front of his parents or
legal guardian, the CAPO may release the child. Such warning shall not be held as
a record against the child.

Recommendations for treatment approaches for Juvenile

Delinquents

1. The Child Rights Commission should be established and independent

2. Choosing and Putting into Practice a Prevention Strategy

3. Conducting Studies on the Juvenile Justice System

4. Construct more large and smaller rehabilitation facilities while enhancing the
surrounding area

5. Expand the number of educational initiatives, such as motivational and

concealment programs.

6. The definition of "child" should be changed to include everyone under eighteen.

The minimum age of penal responsibility is to be raised from nine to twelve.

7. The government should prepare a yearly progress report on the situation of the
children’s justice system in the country.
Conclusion

Juvenile delinquency denotes public wrongs committed by young people under

eighteen. There are many factors behind it. The article demonstrates the legal terms
of the juvenile from Bangladesh's perspective, factors and causes, the juvenile justice
system, trial procedures, punishment of juveniles and recommendations for solving
the problems regarding treatment approaches.
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