RACHO, IVILYN R.

ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

BRANDS OF BUILDING MATERIALS (PHILIPPINES)

MECHANIC FLOORIN WA
ELECTRICA PLUMBIN ROOFING GLASS INSULATIO PANEL
AL G TER
L G N
(AC) (LAMINATE PROO
D) FING
 ALENALREE
 ATLANTA (uPVC
 ALASCO
 APO
 HORNITEX
 ABC
 ARTES MEYER
 BETAFOAM
 EASTERN WIRE

 CARRIER Moulding)
 ALFAIDRO (Pipes &
 BAYER
 INCRETE
 EQUA SUPREME
 CO BAN KIAT
 EXCEL COIL
 LATIMCO

 CONDURA
 CHORUS LUX Fittings MAKROLO
 KENT
 DR. SEAL HARDWARE COATING
 MATIMCO

N CORPORATION
 COOLMASTER
 CLIPSAL (Lights)
 ANESCO (Fiber
 KRONOTEX
 A-PLUS
 CORSINI (Glass
 MULTI-LINE

 DAIKIN
 COLUMBIA Glass)
 COLENT(Polyc)
 MGS
 CASTLE Rock Accent and
 MACRO
 PUYAT STEEL

 FEDDERS (Wires)
 ATLANTA (Pipes &
 COLORSTEEL –
 MILAN
 DESTINY Decorative Wall INDUSTRIAL
 ROOFSCAPE
Tiles)
 FUJITSU  DURAFLEX Fittings) MVP
 MULTI-LINE
 DUROTECH  PHILIPPINE

 GREE  GARTIM (Lights)  BLUE MAGIC

 DELOON (Bamboo Flooring)
 NOVSEAL  EPCO INSULATION

(Glass
 IDEC  LUXPIA (Lights) (Water Tanks)
 DN STEEL
 MULTIRICH
 MORTABOND  PRIME PRODUCT

Façade) CONCEPTS
 IWATA  MOLDFLEX  CREATIVE
 ETERTON
 PRIMAFLOOR
 BESSER

(uPVC Conduits) (Fixtures)

 GI SHEETS
  JARO GLASS SPEACIALISTS
 KELVINATOR PUYAT

 PHELPS DODGE  ECOSAN (Pipes &

 GOOD LIFE
  KENNETH
 THERMAC
 KOLIN STEIGER

(Wires) Fittings)
 HEAT SHIELD

& MOCK
 WAH PHIL
 KOPPEL ZETA

 PHILFLEX (Wires)  EMERALD

 KANOPY  LE GRAND
 WRIGHT
 LG COLLINS

 ROYU  FALCON (Fixtures)

 K-PLAST  LELUX
 MC QUAY
ELECTRONICS
 MITSUBISHI
(Elec.  GEBERIT
 MEGA
(Glass

 MIDEA
Devices)
 LUCKY (Pipes &
 METALPLAS
Break
Fittings)
 NATIONAL
ELEVATORS/  ONDULINE
Alarm)
 NELTEX
 PLEXIGLASS
 SAMSUNG
LIFT &  LEXTON
 POLYMUTAN
 POLYLITE
 SANYO
(Bathroom Glass
ESCALATOR  POWEREE
 SHARP  RIVIERA
Shelf)
S  RNW
 TILE STAR
 SUPER COOL
 TOTO (Bathroom

  RNW PACIFIC
 WHISTLER
 SUPREME
OTIS (Pipes)
Glass Shelf)

 TRANE
 MITSUBISHI  XANLITE (Polyc)

 SANIMOLD
 UNI-AIR
 SCHINDLER (Pipes)
 WHIRLPOOL
 FUJI
 SUPER TANK
 GOLDSTAR
 WEIDA (Septic
 HYUNDAI Tanks; Storage
 WESTINGHO Tanks)
USE
 HITACHI

BOARDS DOORS & ADHESIVE CEMENT TILES HAND TOOLS TANKS

WINDOWS
 BORAL  ACCENDO  ABC GYPSUM  LAFARGE  APO (Vinyl Tiles)  C-MART TOOLS  BESTANK
PERFORATED  JARO PUTTY  REPUBLIC  EURO TILES  DAIKEN  FIRSTANK
 RICHMOND  MIGHTY DOOR  BETONIT  RIZAL  J.K. (China)  LOTUS  SUPERTANK
 POLY DOOR  COWPROY  VIBRO  LVP (China)  MASCOT  WEIDA
 FIBER-23  MARIWASA  STANLEY
 POWERBOND  XIONGDI GRANITE
Floor Adhesive  ZIRCONIO (Spain)
(Puyat Steel)
 TOTAL COAT
 RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

PAINTS &
STAINS
BRANDS BOYSEN DAVIES DUTCHBOY JOTUN NIPPON SPHERO
 ALTAMIRA (Min.  ACQUA EPOXY  ACREEX  CLASSIC  CITO PRIMER 09  ACRYLIC 5170  CANADIAN
Paint)  ACRYTEX  AQUA GLOSS-IT  GLOSS MASTA  FUNGICIDAL  ADVANCE  HYPER TONE
 A-PLUS  AQUASEAL  BIO-FRESH  NALCRETE WASH  EXPRESSKOTE  MANOR
 BOSNY  CHALK CLOCKER  CLEAN AIR  ROOFMASTER  GARDEX  FLEXISEAL  ROOF TUFF
 BOYSEN  COOL SHADES  DA VINCI  TEX-A-CRETE  JOTAPLAST  INSULCOAT  SHERTEX
 BRONCO  DECORE  ELASTOGEL  VERSATEX  JOTAROOF  MOMENTO  SPHEREFLEX
 DAVIES  DURAFILL  EPOXY ENAMEL  JOTASEALER 03  ODOURLITE  SPHERETITE
 DECREA (Stone  ECO PRIMER  FUSION  JOTASHIELD  PROTECTIVE  TUFF SEAL
Coating)  JOTASHIELD
 ELASTI-KOTE  GLOSS-IT  Q-SHIELD  VTEX
 DESTINY PRIMER
 HEALTHY HOME  KERAMIFLOOR  VINILEX
 DR.SEAL (Putty  MAJESTIC
 HUDSON  LIQUID TILE  WEATHERBOND
Filler)  STRAX EASY
 KNOXOUT  MEGACRYL  WEATHERBOND
 DUTCH BOY CLEAN
 MARMORINO  MONDO FLEX
 DYNATRON  ULTRA PRIMER
(Rubberized)  MATTE SHIELD  MORTAFLEX
 WOODSHIELD
 FLEXSEAL  NATION  OIL WOODSTAIN
DREAMCOAT  PONDO
 FLINTKOTE
 NATION DURA-  POWERFLOOR
 GLOBECONSU
 HUDSON (Top
ROOF  ROOFSHIELD PAINT
 PERMACOAT
Coat)  STAY CLEAN
 PERMAPLAST
 KONIG (Wood  SUN & RAIN TYPE OF WALL FINISH SPREAD RATE
Stain)  PERMATEX
PER GALLON
 MANOR  PLEXIBOND
 NATION  PRIMEGUARD
 NIKKO (Spray  ROOFGARD SPREAD RATE 25m2 to 40m2
Paints)  SKIMCOAT Coarse to Rough
 RJ  TILEWORKS 30 m2
(Wooden Trowel Finish)
 RUST-OLEUM  TITAN
 SPHERO SUPERFLEX
Fine to Coarse (Paper
 VIRTUOSO SILK 35 m2
 TITAN Finish)
(Elastomeric) TOUCH
 UNIVERSAL  WALLGUARD
Smooth to Fine (Putty
 WIN  XYLADECOR 40 m2
Finish)
 ZAR (Wood Stain)
 ZYNOLITE (Spray)

PAINT FINISHES

TYPE USE DESCRIPTION

a water-base paint (where the solvent is water) used for painting concrete and masonry
LATEX for concrete
surfaces

Often advertised as 100% acrylic latex, a water-based paint, and is generally considered the
ACRYLIC LATEX for timber &concrete
highest quality latex paint.

Paints which use varnish as a vehicle. They have the ability of leveling brush marks, are
more resistant to washing and rough usage, and have a harder and tougher film. They can
ENAMEL for timber
have either a glossy, semi glossy or matt finish.

protective paints for ferrous metal and are of two types: - Priming Paint, e.g. red
for steel
RED OXIDE lead, litharge, lead chromate; - Finish Paints, e.g., lead sulfate and zinc dust.
to prevent rust
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

ROOF
ROOFING
STANDARD SIZE
GI Sheet
Plain GI Sheet 0.90 x 2.40

Corrugated GI Sheet 0.80 x 1.50 to 3.60

GI Sheet Gauge 14 to 30

Roofing Gauge 26

Gutters &Valley
Gauge 24
Rolls
ROOF EFFECTIVE WIDTH
SIDE LAP EFFECTIVE
(Corrugations) WIDTH
2 1/2 0.60

1 1/2 0.70

END LAP 0.25 to 0.30mm

ROOF ACCESSORIES
EFECTIVE
ACCESSORY
LENGTH
Gutter 2.35

Flashing 2.30

Ridge Roll 2.20

Valley Roll 2.30

Hipped Roll 2.20

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

Concrete & Concrete Works
Made from materials which must contain the proper proportions of lime, silica, alumina and iron components.
PORTLAND CEMENT
SPECIAL CEMENTS
WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT same materials as normal Portland except in color
Designed to produce better mortar than that made with normal Portland cement or with a lime-cement combination.
MASONRY CEMENT
AIR-ENTRAINING Small amounts of this is added to the clinker and ground with it to produce air-entraining cements, effective use for resistance
PORTLAND CEMENT to severe frost.
OIL WELL CEMENT Special Portland cement used for sealing oil wells.
WATERPROOFED Normally produced by adding a small amount of stearate, usually calcium or aluminum to the cement clinker during the final
PORTLAND CEMENT grinding.
TYPES OF AGGREGATES USED IN CONCRETE
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

Artificial stone made by binding together particles of some inert material with a paste made of cement and water. These inert
CONCRETE
materials are the aggregate.
Sand, gravel crushed stone, cinder, crushed furnace slag, burned clay, expanded vermiculite, and perlite.
AGGREGATE
SAND Found in riverbeds, free of salt and must be washed.
FINE AGGREGATE Smaller than ¼” diameter stones.
COURSE AGGREGATE Bigger than ¼” diameter stones.
CONTROL OF CONCRETE MIXES:
When freshly mixed concrete is checked to ensure that the specified slump is being attained consistently. A standard slump
SLUMP TEST cone is 12 inches high (0.30) and 8 inches (0.20) in diameter at the bottom and 4 inches (0.10) on top which is open on both
ends.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
Common quality-control test of concrete, based on 7 and 28 day curing periods.
Materials often added to the concrete or applied to the surface of freshly placed concrete to produce some special result.
CONCRETE ADDITIVES
An admixture which is used to speed up the initial set of concrete. Such a material may be added to the mix to increase the rate
ACCELERATORS of early-strength development for several reasons.
RETARDERS to delay or extend the setting time of the cement paste in concrete.
Air-entrained concrete contains microscopic bubbles of air formed with the aid of a group of chemical called surface active agents,
materials that have the property of reducing the surface tension of water intended for use when better resistance to frost action
AIR-ENTRAINING AGENTS
is concerned.

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

CONCRETE HARDENERS Applied on concrete surface to increase hardiness and toughness.

TWO TYPES OF CONCRETE HARDENERS

liquids containing silicofluorides or fluosilicates and a wetting agent which reduces the surface tension of the
CHEMICAL
liquid and allows it to penetrate the pores of the concrete more easily.
HARDENERS

are specially processed and graded iron particles which are dry- mixed with Portland cement, spread evenly
FINE METALLIC
over the surface of freshly floated concrete, and worked into the surface by floating.
AGGREGATE

WATER REDUCING Material used to reduce the amount of water necessary to produce a concrete of given consistency or to increase the slump for a
ADMIXTURES given water content.
Materials used to reduce or stop the penetration of moisture through the concrete. Reduces permeability.
DAMPROOFERS

BONDING AGENTS
Often applied to such an old surface immediately prior to pouring new concrete to increase the amount of paste.
PASTE SLURRY

TWO TYPES OF BONDING AGENTS

Iron particle are larger, but with same materials as the permeability reducer. Bonding takes place through
METALLIC
the oxidation and subsequent expansion of the iron particles.
AGGREGATE

SYNTHETIC
Consists of highly polymerized synthetic liquid resin dispersed in water.
LATEX
EMULSION
Prevent the cement paste from bonding to the surface aggregate but will not interfere with the set throughout the remainder of
SET-INHIBITING AGENTS
the pour.
Materials sometimes used in structures where it s desirable to avoid high temperature or in structures exposed to seawater or water
containing sulfates. Pozzolans may be added to concrete mixes-rather than substituting for part of the cement to improve
POZZOLANIC ADMIXTURES
workability, impermeability, and resistance to chemical attack.

made of lightweight and heavyweight materials for use in exterior and interior load- bearing walls, firewalls, curtain and panel
CONCRETE PRODUCTS
walls, partitions etc.
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

CONCRETE BLOCK

HOLLOW LOAD-BEARING an 8” x 8” x 16” will approximately weigh 40 to 50 lb. Made with heavyweight aggregate and 25 to 35 lb. when made with
CONCRETE BLOCK lightweight aggregate.

SOLID LOAD BEARING Defines as one having a core area of not more than 25% of the gross cross- sectional area.
BLOCK

HOLLOW; NON-LOAD
BEARING CONCRETE One in which the core area exceeds 25% of the cross-sectional area.
BLOCK

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

CONCRETE BUILDING TILE

COMMON SIZES
CONCRETE BRICK 4” x 8” x 16” for non-load bearing partitions
6” x 8” x 16” for load bearing walls
HAND MADE backyard industry
MACHINE MADE commonly sold
QUALITY
Manufactured by big and nationally known factories for load bearing walls. Usually specified for
STEAM CURED government and multi- storey buildings.

Lightweight block which is outstanding in thermal and sound insulation qualities. Basic ingredients are cement-made from silica-
CELLULAR CONCRETE
rich sand and lime-water, and aluminum powder.
BLOCKS

Ceramics And Clay Products

BRICK Basic ingredient in clay.

THREE PRINCIPAL FORMS

SURFACE CLAY Found near the surface of the earth
SHALE Clay which have been subjected to high pressure until they have become relatively hard.
FIRE CLAY Found at deeper levels and usually have more uniform physical and chemical qualities.

TWO CLASSES OF CLAY

CALCAREOUS Contains about 15 percent calcium carbonate and burn to a yellowish color.
CLAYS
Composed of silicate of alumina, with feldspar and iron oxide. These clays burn buff, red or salmon
NON-CALCAREOUS
depending on the iron oxide content which vary from 2 to 10 percent.
CLAYS

STANDARD BRICK SIZE 2 ¼ x 3 ¾ x 8 inches

Are hollow units as opposed to brick which is sold. Tiles are made from the same material as brick, but all clay tiles are
STRUCTURAL CLAY TILES
formed by extrusion in the stiff-mud process.

TYPES OF TILES
used for bearing walls of light buildings, the height usually restricted to four stories. Structural
LOAD BEARING
load bearing wall tile are made in 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 in thickness.
WALL TILE

PARTITION TILE non-load bearing

Intended for use in both bearing and non-bearing walls which will be faced with brick or facing tile.
BACK-UP TILE
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

Used on the inside of exterior walls to provide air spaces for insulation to prevent the passage of moisture and to provide a
FURRING TILE suitable plastering surface. Classified as non-load bearing.

Structural steel must be insulated in fireproof construction. One method of doing this is to cover it with fire-proofing tile.
FIREPROOFING TILE

Manufactured in both load-bearing and non-load bearing grades in standard thickness raging from 3 to 12 inches in standard
FLOOR TILE
length and widths of 12 inches.
Unglazed tile and may have either a smooth or a rough textured finish. They are designed to used as exposed facing
STRUCTURAL CLAY FACING
material on either exterior or interior walls and partitions.
TILE

STRUCTURAL GLAZED Produced from high-grade light burning clay which is suitable for the application of ceramic or salt glaze.
FACING TILE
Means “fired earth” is a clay product which has been used for architectural decorative purposes, since ancient Greece and
Rome. Modern terracotta is machine-extruded and molded or pressed. The machine-made product is usually referred to as
TERRA COTTA
ceramic veneer, and is a unit with flat face and flat or ribbed back.

TWO TYPES OF CERAMIC VENEER

Held to the wall by the bond of the mortar to the ceramic veneer back and to the backing wall.
ADHESION TYPE

ANCHOR TYPE Are held y mortar and by wire tiles between the terracotta and the wall behind.

Building Stones, Gypsum And Lime

BUILDING STONES Stones usually blocks or pieces of the basic material rock.
IGNEOUS Formed as a result of the cooling of molten matter.
Formed by the action of water either by depositing materials at the bottom of a water body or depositing
THREE GENERAL SEDIMENTARY
them on the earth’s surface.
CATEGORIES
Rocks changed from their original structure by the action of extreme pressure, heat, or various
METAMORPHIC
combinations of these factors.
includes rough fieldstone which may merely have been broken into suitable sizes, or it may include irregular
pieces of stone that have been roughly cut to size, usually used for and filling material. (escombro
RUBBLE
and lastillas)

DIMENSION Consists of pieces that have been cut or finished according to a set or drawing. (for facing walls)
CLASSIFIED (CUT STONE)
ACCORDING TO FORM
Consists of thin pieces (1/2 in. and up which may or may not have had their face dimensions cut to some
FLAGSTONE
particular size. (for walks and floors)
(FLAT SLABS)

CRUSHED Consisting of pieces varying I size from 3/8 to 6 in. and is used to a large extent in concreting.
ROCK

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

BUILDING STONE
One formed d\from clay, commonly dark-blue with faint shades of green, used for floor tile, stair treads, coping stones,
ARGILITE interior wall base, interior window stools of exterior window sills.

Igneous origin and composed of quartz, feldspar, hornblende and mica. Its generally very hard, strong durable and
GRANITE
capable of taking a high polish.
A sedimentary rock which is either oolitic, or calcite cemented calcareous stone formed of shells fragments, particularly non-
LIMESTONE crystalline in nature, it has no cleavage lines and uniform in structure and composition.
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

A sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate. It has been formed at the earth’s surface through the
TRAVERTINE
evaporation of water from hot springs.
Metamorphic rock, one that has been changed from its original structure in this case, limestone and dolomite have been
MARBLE
recrystallized to form marble.
Igneous rock with the mineral serpentine. The mineral is olive green to greenish black, but impurities may give the rock
SERPENTINE
other colors.
A class of rock composed of cemented silica grains. Colors include gray, buff, light brown and red.
SANDSTONE

Formed by metamorphosis of clays and shales deposited in layers. A unique characteristic of the rock is the relative ease
SLATE ROCK with which it may be separated into thin tough sheets, called slates, ¼” or more thick.

STONE CONSTRUCTION
Consists of using slabs of stone cut to dimension and thickness to cover backup walls and provide a finished exterior.
PANELING

Work requires the use of cut stone and includes broken ashlars, irregular coursed ashlars, and regular coursed ashlars.
ASHLAR

Used as random when no attempt is made to produce either horizontal or vertical course lines. Small spaces are filled with spalls,
RUBBLEWORK small stones and used as course rubble work, horizontal course lines are maintained but no vertical course lines used.

Involves use of stones cut for a specific purpose and include Quoin – stones laid at the intersection of two walls.
TRIM

AS JAMBS Stones which form the sides of window and door openings.
AS SILLS stones which form the bottom of window and door openings
special stone courses which are built into a wall for a particular purpose. One reason is to provide
architectural relief to a large wall of one material or to provide a break I the vertical plane of the wall,
AS BELTS
another reason is to hide a change in the wall thickness.

one which is cut fit on the top of a masonry wall. It prevents the passage of water into the wall, sheds
AS COPINGS water to either inside or outside, and gives a finished appearance to the wall.

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

Specially cut stones which are built into and project from a masonry wall near the top to provide the
AS CORNICES
appearance of a cave.
AS LINTELS Stones which bridge the top of door and window openings.
AS STONE Made to fit over an inclined concrete slab or to cap steps cast in concrete.
STEPS
AS AN ARCH Cut to form some particular type of arch over a door or window opening.
STONE
Walks and patios, made by covering a base of stone concrete, brick or tile with flagstones, trimmed
AS STONE
flagstone, trimmed rectangular and square.
FLOORING

A soft mineral consisting of a hydrated calcium sulfate from which gypsum plaster is made (by heating); colorless when
GYPSUM
pure used as a retarder in Portland cement.

Wood And Wood Products

a traditional building material, it is easily worked, has durability and beauty. It has great ability to absorb shocks from sudden load.
In addition, wood has freedom from rust and corrosion, is comparatively light in weight, and is adaptable to countless variety
WOOD
of purposes.

CLASSIFICATION OF TREES
HARDWOODS ‘Deciduous’ trees that have broad leaves which are normally shed in the winter time.
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

SOFTWOODS ‘Conifers’ trees that have needles rather than leaves and that bear their seeds in cones.

MOISTURE CONTENT OF WOOD

Expressed as a percentage of the oven-dry weight and can be determined by the oven-dry method or by an electric-moisture meter method.

THREE CATEGORIES OF LUMBER

used for ordinary light construction and finishing work and consists of 1 and 2 inches material manufactured into common
boards, shiplap, shelving dimension lumber, center match, flooring, roof plank, siding, v-joint, trim and molding of all kinds. These
YARD LUMBER
are usually found in retail lumberyards.

Usually left in 1 and 2 inches rough thickness often containing knots or defects not ordinarily permissible in other
categories. It is intended for use in shops or mills making sash, doors and cabinets where it will be cut into relatively short
SHOP LUMBER
pieces and the defective material discarded.

In intended for use in heavy construction for load-bearing purposes and is cut into timbers of large size than yard lumber, 3
STRUCTURAL LUMBER inches or more thick and 4 inches or more wide. It is made from the heartwood of the log.

FINISHES OF WOOD
S1S surfacing or planning of one side

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

S2S two sides planed
S4S four sides planed
ROUGH as sawn and not planed

WOOD GRAIN
EDGE GRAIN Annual rings run approximately at right angle to the face.
FLAT GRAIN When the annual rings run more or less parallel to the surface.
ANGLE GRAIN When the annual rings are at about 45 degrees to the face.

SEASONING OF LUMBER
Lumber is strip-piled at a slope on a solid foundation. This allows air to circulate around every piece while the sloping
AIR-DRYING
allows water to run off quickly.
More expensive lumber which is required for more refined uses so as wood will not move, such as furniture. Flooring
KILN-DRYING
and general interior use.
PRESSURE TREATED When lumber is subjected to pressure and injected with chemicals or salts to insure it from rots.
LUMBER

SPECIFICATION WHEN BUYING LUMBER

Indicate no. of pieces, thickness, width, length, total bd. Ft. kind of lumber and finish.
Example: 6-2” x 8” x 14’-0” = 112 bd. Ft. tanguile S4S

GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER

term used to describe a wooden member built up of several layers of wood whose grain directions are all substantially parallel, and held together with glue
as fastening commonly used for beams, girders, posts, columns, arches, arches, bowstring truss chords, usually softwoods are commonly used because
of their low cost, lightness and strength.

GLUE USED IN LAMINATING

CASEIN GLUE Satisfactory for use in dry locations not exposed to rain or water.
UREA-FORMALDEHYDE- Cheap and well cure at from 70 degrees Fahrenheit up. Will withstand soaking in cool water.
RESIN
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE- Not usually recommended because of the high temperature needed to cure them. Useful for combining timber and plywood
RESIN GLUES and are very water-resistant.
RESORCINOL-PHENOL- Resin glues are expensive but have excellent qualities of durability and water resistance.
FORMALDEHYDE

Recycled Waste Products, Building Boards And Papers

a group of sheets of building materials often faced with paper or vinyl, suitable for use as a finished surface on walls,
BUILDING BOARDS
ceiling, etc.

KINDS OF BUILDING BOARDS

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

Made by bonding together thin layers of wood in a way that the grain of each layer is at right angles to the grain of
PLYWOOD
each adjacent layer.
VENEER each layer of plywood
a method of cutting wood veneer in which a log is fixed in a lathe and rotated against a knife so
ROTARY
that the veneer is peeled from the log in a continuous sheet.
CUTTING

HARDBOARD Made from processed wood chips.

THREE GRADES OF BOARD

STANDARD flexible to be quite easily bent
TEMPERED Made by impregnated standard board with a tempering compound of oils and resin and baking it to
HARDBOARD polymerize the tempering material.
LOW-DENSITY
Not as strong and durable as standard hardboard.
HARDBOARD
Made from three types of fiber – wood, sugar cane, and asbestos, and binder, formed into a board.
INSULATING FIBERBOARD

A large class of building board made from wood and particles and a binder, often faced with veneer.
CHIPBOARD

PARTICLE BOARD Hardboard made from relatively small particles.

GYPSUM BOARD A wall board having a gypsum core.
Hardboard made of compressed wheat straw, processed at 350 to 400 degree Fahrenheit and covered with a tough
STRAW BOARD
craft paper.
A dense, rigid board containing a high proportion of asbestos fibers bonded with Portland cement, resistant to fire, flame,
ASBESTOS-CEMENT BOARD
and weathering, has low resistance to heat flow.
From the outer bark of the cork oak tree, cork granules is mixed with synthetic resin, compressed and formed into sheet
CORKBOARD from 1 to 6 inches thick and baked under pressure into rigid boards.

Made into two different types: a paper pulp pressed into boards 3/16, or ¼ in. thick, 4 ft. wide, and 6, 7 or 8 ft. long. Usually
one surface is primed for easier finishing. The other is a layer of stiff paper folded into corrugated from and faced on
PAPERBOARD
both sides with a thick paper backing, cemented to the core.

Thick mats of mineral fibers, usually glass or rock wool are covered with a backing of stiff paper on one or both sides to form
MINERAL FIBERGROUND rigid boards, ranging in thickness from ½ to 2 in. The usual board size is 24 x 48 inches.

Polystyrene and polyurethane plastics are formed by a patented process to about 40 times their original volume. Used
PLASTIC FOAMBOARDS for perimeter insulation for concrete floor slabs, for wall and roof deck insulation, and for roof decks when properly
supported.

BUILDING PAPERS
In building construction, paper is used for sheathing, roofing and insulation, in making asphalt shingles, laminated and
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ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

corrugated building products, and concrete form materials, as a moisture and vapor barrier; as cushioning material; as wallpaper; as an envelope or sheath for
other materials; and as a fireproofing material.

TYPE OF WOOD PULP

Or ground wood, is produced by grinding blocks of wood against a revolving abrasive stone or by grinding steamed
MECHANICAL PULP
wood chips in a grinding mill.
Produced by digesting wood chips in various chemicals to free the cellulose fibers from the liquid binding.
CHEMICAL PULP

Wood chips are first subjected to a mild chemical treatment and then mechanically disintegrated in rotating disk refiners.
SEMI-CHEMICAL PULP

TYPES OF PAPER
SHEATHING PAPER used to provide an airtight barrier over walls, floors, etc.
ROOFING used in making a built-up roof and are usually produced in 36 in. wide rolls, in various weights
FELTS from 3 to 20 lb/square.
ROOFING PAPER A heavy, mineral surfaced paper used as a final roof covering, made 18 and 36 in. wide, in
ROLLED
various weights from 45 to 120 lb/square.
ROOFING

Used to secure bulk and entrapped air with as much strength as possible. Insulating papers are made from both wood-
INSULATING PAPER
fiber insulating paper and asbestos fibers.
Similar to wood-fiber insulating paper, but less attention is paid to strength. Its chief use is for cushioning under
CUSHIONING PAPER
linoleum, carpets, or slate roofing.
VAPOR BARRIER PAPER Intended to prevent the passage of moisture vapor through walls, ceilings and floors.
A special, high strength kraft paper made for use in the production of plastic laminates. The thin, strong paper is
LAMINATING PAPER impregnated with liquid plastic resin and several sheet are laminated together under heat and pressure to form the
base for the plastic sheet.
Made from strong kraft paper in the form of a spiral tube and boxlike from made from corrugated container paper.
CONCRETE FORM PAPER

WALLPAPER Paper from which decorative wallpaper is made.

Used as an outer covering or envelope for a number of building materials. One of these is gypsum board, composed of
ENVELOPE PAPER a layer of calcined gypsum covered in both sides by a sheet of craft paper.

Made from asbestos fibers, since this is an incombustible material. This material maybe in the form of matted paper,
FIRE PROOFING PAPER similar to asbestos insulating or roofing paper, or it may be in the form of a cloth woven from thread spun from asbestos
fibers.

Bituminous Marterials
A generic name applied to a semisolid mixture of complex hydrocarbons, derived from coal or petroleum, as a coal-tar
BITUMEN
pitch or asphalt.
The resulting condensate when destructive distillation is carried out on such materials as wood coal, shale, peat or bone.
TAR

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

A solid or semi-solid residue produced from partial evaporation or fractional distillation of tar.
PITCH

COAL-TAR PITCH Most common material of this kind of pitch.

Dark brown or black solids or semi-solids which are found in the natural state and are also produced by the refining
ASPHALTS
of petroleum.
LIQUID PAVING ASPHALTS Liquid asphalts used for paving are cutbacks.
ASPHALT PAVING CEMENTS Used as binders for more expensive asphalt pavements.
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

Ferrous And Non-Ferrous Materials

FERROUS metal in which iron is the principal element
NON-FERROUS Containing no, or very little iron.

FERROUS METAL
A malleable alloy of iron and carbon produced by smelting and refining pig iron and/or scrap steel, graded according to
STEEL
the carbon content.
Used to make cast iron which is high in compressive strength but low in tensile strength, and has little use for
PIG IRON
construction.
Produced when pig iron is melted in such a way as to remove nearly all of the carbon and other impurities.
WROUGHT IRON

Made by containing other elements with the molten steel. Nickel, chromium copper and manganese are used.
ALLOY STEELS

Stronger than carbon steel and is used to make structural members for building chromium steel is very hard and
NICKEL STEEL
corrosion-resistant.
Made with chromium or a combination of nickel and chromium used in buildings for exterior wall panels, frames for
STAINLESS STEELS doors, expansion joints, flashings, copings, fascia and gravel stops.

Bearing steel has high resistance to corrosion and is used for making sheet steel and metal lath.
COPPER

Offers great resistance to abrasion and finds important use in the cutting edges of heavy digging tools.
MANGANESE STEEL

Recently developed grade of steel. It forms its protection against atmospheric corrosion and thus requires no painting.
WEATHERING STEEL

NON-FERROUS METAL
A lustrous, silver-white nonmagnetic, lightweight metal which is very malleable; has good thermal and electrical
ALUMINUM
conductivity; a good reflector of both heat and light.
ALUMINUM FOIL Used as a vapor barrier on walls and ceilings and as reflective insulation.
a lustrous reddish metal, highly ductile and malleable; has high tensile strength; is an excellent electrical and thermal
COPPER
conductor; is available in a wide variety of shapes; widely

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

used for downspout, electrical conductors, flashings, gutter, roofing, etc.
A soft, malleable, heavy metal; has low melting point and a high coefficient of thermal expansion. Very easy to cut and
LEAD work, enabling it to be fitted over uneven surfaces. Used for roofing, flashing and spandrel wall panels.

A lustrous white, soft and malleable metal having a low melting point; relatively unaffected by exposure to air; used
TIN for making alloys and solder and in coating sheet metal.

Glass And Glazing

A hard, brittle inorganic substance, ordinarily transparent or translucent; produced by melting a mixture of silica, a flux
GLASS
and a stabilizer.

TYPES OF GLASS
Used to control glare and reduce solar heat. It the product of a glass-coating process which is carried out in a large,
rectangular vacuum chamber. Manufactured in two types, silver and gold, the glass can be specified in any one of three
REFLECTIVE GLASS
nominal light transmittance of 8, 14, or 20 %.
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Used where clear vision is not required, such as by factory roofs and walls, windows for halls and staircases, skylights,
ROLLED AND ROUGH CAST and partitions in offices. Cast glass diffuses light, and because of its low reflecting and absorption index, transmits 90 to 93
GLASS percent of light rays striking it.

CATHEDRAL AND FIGURED Manufacturing is similar to rolled and rough-cast glasses. However, they contain a pattern or texture impressed usually
GLASS on one surface by a patterned roller.
WIRED GLASS Simply a rolled glass into which wire mesh is inserted during the process of manufacture.
HEAT –ABSORBING PLATE Made by adding ingredients to the mix used in making regular slate glass so that the finished product is pale bluish-
GLASS green or gray.
Three to five times as strong as regular plate of the same thickness – and area in resisting compressive forces and
TEMPERED PLATE GLASS
fracture due to strain or thermal shock.
Polished plate glass can be heat-strengthened and coated on one side with vitreous color which is fire-fused to the
VITREOUS COLORED PLATE
surface.
LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS Widely used in the automotive industry and transportation, but now finding some uses in the building industry, like glass
(BULLET PROOFING) that can withstand firearm attack and explosions.
Consists of two sheets of plate or sheet glass, separated by an air space, and joined around the edges to produce a
INSULATING GLASS
hermitically sealed unit.

CLASSIFICATION OF SHEET GLASS

Used for glazing windows doors and storm sash in residential buildings where good light and vision are required at
WINDOW GLASS
moderate cost.
Used for glazing windows and doors where greater strength is required but where slight distortion is not objectionable.
HEAVY SHEET GLASS

PICTURE GLASS Used for covering pictures, photographs, maps, charts projector slides and instrument

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

dials.

GLASS PRODUCTS
Comparable in many ways to unit masonry but have the added feature of transmitting light.
GLASS BLOCKS

Also made to admit light into a building, because of its solid construction, it offers greater protection against vandalism
SOLID GLASS BRICK than conventional window glass or glass blocks. The ability of the brick is to allow undistorted passage of light.

Plastics And Related Products

a large group of synthetic materials which are made from a number of common substances such as coal, salt, oil,
natural gas, cotton, wood and water. From these, relatively simple chemicals known as monomers, which are capable of
PLASTICS reacting with one another are produced. These are then built up into chainlike molecules of high molecular weight called
polymers.

TWO GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

Become soft when heated and hard when cooled, regardless of the number of times the process is repeated. Include in
the thermoplastics are acrylic cellulosis, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polysterene, polyallomers
THERMOPLASTICS polycarbonates, polyimide, polypropylene, polysulfone, phenylene oxide, nylons, methyl pertenes, ionomer,
fluoroplastics, acetal and acryonitrile butadieniene styrene (ABS).

Set into a permanent shape when heat and pressure are applied to them during the forming stage. Thermosetting group
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS includes phenolics, aminos (urea and melamine) epoxies, polyesters, polyurethane, alkyd silicones and diallyl phthalate
(DAP).

PRODUCTION
Plastics products are formed by a number of methods which include:
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

INJECTION MOLDING Measured amount of powder or granules is heated and when flowing forced through the nozzle of the barrel into a
PROCESS shaped cavity, where it cools of solidities.
An extruder extrudes a hollow tube which is captured between the two halves of a hollow. As the mold closes, air is blown
BLOW-MOLDING PROCESS into the tube and expands it to fit inside surface of the mold.

Used to form hollow units with complex shapes and heavy walls, a premeasured amount of powder or liquid resin is
ROTATIONAL MOLDING
placed at the bottom half of a cold mold which is then closed.
A process used to produce light weight products of polysterene foam, small granules of polystyrene with a small amount
EXPANDABLE BEAD
of an expanding agent are placed in a rolling drum and steam heated.
MOLDING

A measured quantity of powder in a heated mold, which is then closed. Heat and pressure are applied to the powder
COMPRESSION MOLDING
which melts and flows to all parts of the mold.
Similar to compression molding except that the powder is heated and liquefied outside the mold and injected into the
TRANSFER MOLDING mold under heat and pressure, where the forming and setting takes place.

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

Are made by expanding agent with either granules or powder and then heating. Heat melts the plastic and causes the
FOAMED PLASTICS formation of a gas which expands the molten material into foamed structure.

Made by mixing the appropriate resin with a curing agent and an expanding agent and then heating them in a mold.
THERMOSET FOAM

Used for mass-produced materials which have a constant cross section, and it is done in two ways by forcing of semi-liquid
EXTRUSION FORMING plastic through a die of the proper size and shape in a manner similar to that used for forming brick by extrusion.

Sheet plastic is heated until soft and then forced by air pressure against a cold and hardens in shape.
THERMOFORMING PROCESS

Consists of impregnating sheets of paper, glass fiber, or cloth with a thermosetting liquid resin and then applying heat and
LAMINATING PROCESS pressure to a number of sheets to form a laminated product.

A simple process in which liquid plastics, with their appropriate curing agent, are poured into molds and set, with or
CASTING
without heat.
Plastic is fed to revolving rollers which turn out a thin sheet or film the thickness of the product is determined by the
CALENDARING PROCESS roller spacing, and the surface of the sheet may be smooth or matted, depending on the roller surface.

Consists of three or more layers of material bonded or laminated together with plastic adhesive under high pressure.
PLASTIC LAMINATES

Adhesives And Sealants

COHESIVENESS The ability of particles of a material to cling tightly to one another.
ADHESIVENESS The ability of a material to fix itself and cling to an entirely different material.
Products which are used to seal the surface of various materials against the penetration of water or other liquids or in
SEALERS some cases to prevent the escape of water through the surface.

Insulating Materials
THREE WAYS OF HEAT TRANSFER
the inside of a concrete wall which has one side exposed to outside winter temperatures feels cold to the touch. Heat is
CONDUCTION being conducted from the side of higher temperature to that lower temperature.

RADIATION From this point, it is transferred to the outside air by radiation.

RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

When air is heated, it expands and begins to circulate, during the circulation it comes in contact with cooler surface; some
CONVECTION of its heat is given up to them. It is therefore important to try to prevent air currents from being set up in the walls and
ceiling of our buildings.

KINDS OF THERMAL INSULATION

Made from mineral woolrock wool, glass wool, or slag wool – or vegetable fiber – usually wood
LOOSE FILL FIBROUS TYPE
fiber.

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

GRANULAR made from expanded minerals such as perlite and vermaculite or from ground vegetable matter
INSULATION such as granulated coork.
FIBROUS used to insulate walls of buildings that have been built without insulation.
LOOSE FILL
are graded into four sizes, 1, (3/8 in. to no. 16 sieve) and sizes 2 (no. 4 to no. 30 sieve) used as
loose-fill insulation for sidewalls and ceilings over suspended ceilings, between wood sleepers over
GRANULES a concrete floor slab, as fill for the cores of concrete blocks, and sizes 3 (no. 8 to no. 100 sieve)
size 4 (no. 16 to 100 sieve).

made from some fibrous materials such as mineral wool, wood fiber, cotton fiber, or animal hair, manufactured in
the form of a mat, 16, 20 or 24 in. width, in 8 ft. lengths or put up in rolls of from 40 to 100 linear feet, with controlled
BLANKET INSULATION
thickness of 1, ½, 2, 3 and 4 inches.

similar to blankets but they are restricted to 48 inches in long or less they are always covered with paper, and made
BATTS
especially for installation between stud spacings.
STRUCTURAL INSULATION Made from organic fiber-wood, cane, straw or cork. The wood and cane raw material is first pulped, after which it is
BOARD treated with water proofing chemicals.
made from carefully selected straw, fused under heat and pressure into a panel 2 inches thick and
STRAWBOARD
4 ft. wide.
made from granulated cork mixed with resin and pressed into sheets of several thickness,
CORKBOARD depending on the use to which they will be put.

BLOCK or RIGID SLAB Type of insulation is so called because the units are relatively stiff and inelastic. In most cases inorganic materials are
INSULATION used in their manufactures.
Made from such materials as aluminum or copper foil or sheet metal, with bright surfaces that reflect heat rather than
REFLECTIVE INSULATION
absorbing it.
FOAMED-IN-PLACE
This is polyurethane product made by combining a polyisocyanate and a polyester resin.
INSULATION
Materials used are polyurethane foam asbestos fiber mixed with inorganic binders, vermiculite aggregate with a
SPRAYED-ON-INSULATIONS binder such as Portland cement or gypsum and perlite aggregate using gypsum as binders.

Usually made from paper foamed into shapes that produce enclosed air pockets. One type is produced by shaping
heavy paper into a series of small regular semicircular corrugations and covering a both sides with a sheet of flat
CORRUGATED INSULATION
paper to give strength and produce the air pockets.

Building Protection
WATERPROOFING a method of protecting surfaces against the destructive effects of water
Protection from the outside is provided by water repellent materials which turn water aside and force it to return to
DAMP-PROOFING
the earth.
SOIL POISONING It is important to poison the soil against anay in order to stop the anay from infesting the
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

main posts, walls and flooring.
A chemical liquid painted and applied to lumber to preserve it for years. It protects wood against powder post beatles
WOOD PRESERVATIVE (buk-bok), powder post termite (unos), decay causing fungi such as sap stain and dry rot.

A clear liquid applied easily on wood, plywood, lumber and other board that retains the natural beauty, gives added strength
FIRE- PROOFING and protects materials against fire, weather, decay, insects and warping.

A method of protecting rooms against the intrusion of rats and other small destructive animals from gnawing the
RATPROOFING wooden parts of the house, habitating on ceilings and floors of houses and buildings.

A method of protecting the ferrous materials like steel, iron from rusting or corrosion.
RUSTPROOFING

A cement-based, heavy-duty, easy to apply, water proof sealant and coating. Thoroseal is ideal for basement walls.
THOROSEAL

Are materials which effectively retard or stop the flow of water vapor and normally are produced in sheets or thin layers.
VAPOR BARRIERS

Paints And Protective Coatings

a mixture consisting of vehicles or binders, with or without coloring pigments, adjusted and diluted with correct
amounts and types of additives and thinners, which when applied on a surface, forms an adherent continuous film which
PAINT
provides protection, decoration, sanitation, identification and other functional properties.

COMPONENTS OF AN OIL BASE PAINT

that solid, finely ground material which gives a paint the powder to hide, as well as color a surface.
BODY

a nonvolatile fluid in which the solid body material is suspended. The vehicle should consist of from 85 to
VEHICLE 90 percent drying oil and the remainder thinner and drier.

PIGMENT material which give the paint its color

are volatile solvents, materials which have a natural affinity for the vehicle in the paint. They cause the
THINNERS paint to flow better. Most common thinner is turpentine.

organic salts of various metals such as iron, zinc, cobalt, lead manganese, and calcium, which are
DRIERS added to the paint to accelerate the oxidation and hardening of the vehicle.

a group pf more-or-less transparent liquids which are used to provide a protective surface coating, at the same time they
VARNISHES allow the original surface to show but add a lustrous and glossy finish to it.

ENAMELS When pigment is added to a varnish, the result is enamel.

SHELLAC The only liquid protective coating containing a resin of animal origin. The resin is an

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

exudation of the lac insect of India and Southeast Asia, deposited on the branches of the tree.

A new product made from synthetic materials to take the place of varnish for clear finishes. The ingredients are
dissolved in a mixture of volatile solvents which evaporate, leaving a film to form the protective coating. When another
LACQUERS
class of material, “pigments” are added to clear lacquer, the result is lacquer enamel, available in wide range of colors.

Materials used to apply color to wood surfaces. They are intended to impart color without concealing or obscuring the
STAINS
grain and not to provide a protective coating.
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

Finishing materials which are used on wood surfaces, particularly those with open grain, to fill the pores and provide a
FILLERS perfect smooth, uniform surface for varnish or lacquer. It is also used to impart color to the wood pores and so
emphasize the grain.
to seal the surface of the wood and prevent the absorption of succeeding finish coats. It may be applied to bare wood in
SEALERS essentially the same way as paste filler but has much less filling capacity.

Used on all non-painted concrete, synthetic finishes, rubble, brick, and wash-out finishes as a protection from absorption
SILICONE WATER
of water and prevent moss, alkali, fungi to destroy the surface.
REPELLANT

Hardware
HARDWARE Metal products used in construction, such as bolts, hinges, locks, tools. Etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF HARDWARE
hardware such as hinges, catches, etc. that has a finished appearance as well as function, especially that used with
FINISHING HARDWARE doors, windows, and cabinets, maybe considered part of the decorative treatment of a room or building.

In building construction, hardware meant to be concealed, such as bolts, nails, screws, spikes, rods, and other metal
ROUGH HARDWARE
fittings.

TYPES OF DOORS
A smooth surface door having faces which are plane conceal its rails and stiles or other structure when used inside, it is of
FLUSH
hollow core when used for exterior, it is of solid core.
A door having stiles, rail and sometimes muntins, which form one or more frames around recessed thinner panels.
PANEL DOOR

OVERHEAD SWING-UP
A rigid overhead door which opens as an entire unit.
DOOR
OVERHEAD ROLL-UP A door which, when open, assumes a horizontal position above the door opening, made of several leaves.
GARAGE DOOR
A door made up of small horizontal interlocking metal slats which are guided in a track; the configuration coils about an
ROLL-UP DOOR overhead drum which is housed at the head of the opening, either manual or motor-driven.

ACCORDION DOOR A hinge door consisting of a system of panels which are hung from an overhead track.

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

One of two or more doors which are hinged together so that they can open and fold in a confined space.
BI-FOLD DOOR

An exterior door consisting of four leaves which pivot about a common vertical axis within a cylindrically shape vestibule,
REVOLVING DOOR prevents the direct passage of air through the vestibule, thereby eliminating drafts from outside.

SLIDING DOOR A door mounted on track which slides I a horizontal direction usually parallel to one wall.
A sliding door which slides to cover a fixed door of the same width or another sliding door.
BY-PASSING SLIDING DOOR

SLIDING POCKET DOOR A door which slides inside a hollow of the wall.
A hinge door which is divided into two. The upper part can be opened while the lower portion is closed.
DUTCH DOOR

EXAMPLE OF FINISHING HARDWARE:

a movable joint used to attach support and turn a door about a pivot, consists of two plates joined together by a pin which
HINGE the door and connect it to its frame, enabling it to swing open or closed.

TYPES OF HINGES
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

Consists of two rectangular metal plates which are joined with a pin. In large hinge, the pin is removable, in small
BUTT HINGE
hinges, it is fixed.
FAST PIN HINGE A hinge I which the pin is fastened permanently in place.
FULL SURFACE HINGE A hinge designed for attachment on the surface of the door and jamb without mortising.
A door hinge having two knuckles, one of which has vertical pin that fits in a corresponding hole in the other, by lifting
LOOSE JOINT HINGE the door up, off the vertical pin, the door maybe removed with unscrewing the hinge.

LOOSE PIN HINGE A hinge having a removable pin which permits its two parts to be separated.
PAUMELLE HINGE A type of door hinge having a single joint of the pivot type, usually of modern design.
OLIVE KNUCKLE HINGE A paumelle hinge with knuckles forming an oval shape.
A hinge containing one or more springs, when a door is opened, the hinge returns it to the open position automatically,
SPRING HINGE
may act in one direction only, or in both directions.
VERTICAL SPRING PIVOT A spring hinge for a door which is mortised into the heel of the door, the door is fastened to the floor and door head
HINGE with pivots.

EXAMPLE OF ROUGH HARDWARE

CW Common wire nails with head and for strength; box nail also used for strength.
FIN Finishing nail without head; casing nail also without head.
SCREWS Classified by gauge (diameter), length, head-type, and metallic make-up.
Have threaded shafts that receive nuts. To use them, a hole is drilled, pushing the bolt through and adding a nut.
BOLTS

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS

FLUSH BOLT A door bolt so designed that when applied it is flush with the face or edge of the door.
A device attached to a door and its jamb limits the door opening to the length of the chain.
CHAIN DOOR FASTENER

a complete lock system including the basic locking mechanism & all the accessories, such as knobs, escutcheons,
LOCKSET
plates, etc.
A simple fastening device having a latch bolt, but not a dead bolt containing no provisions for locking with a key,
LATCH
usually can be open from both sides.
A type of door latch which fastens a door by means of a pivoted bar that engages a hook on the door jamb, a lever
LIFT LATCH
which lifts the pivoted bar used to unfasten the door.
BUTTON A small rejecting member used to fasten the frame of a door or window.
KNOB A handle, more or less spherical usually for operating a lock.
ESCUTCHEON A protective plate surrounding the keyhole of a door switch or a light switch.
PLATES a thin flat sheet of material
A metal plate or box which is et in a door jamb & is either placed or recessed to receive the bolt or latch of a lock,
STRIKES
fixed on a door.
The projection from the side of a strike plate which the bolt of a lock strikes first, when a door is closed; projects out
LIP STRIKE
from the side of the strike plate to protect the frame.
A fastening device consisting of a loop or staple and a slotted hinge plate normally secured with a padlock.
HASP

KEY-PADLOCK A device which fastens in position maybe operated by a key.

HASP LOCK A kind of hasp that has a built-in locking device which can be opened only with a key.
FRICTION CATCH Any catch which when it engages a strike, is held in the engaged position by friction.
MAGNETIC CATCH A door catch flat that uses a magnet to hold the door in a closed position.
A fastener which holds a door in place by means of a projecting spring actuated steel hall which is depressed when
BULLET CATCH
the door is closed.
RACHO, IVILYN R. ARCH502-BUILLDING MATERIALS

A handle for opening a hospital door without the use of hands, by hooking an arm over the handle.
HOSPITAL ARM PULL

Fire exit bolt a door locking device used on exit doors; the door latch releases when a bar, across the inside of the
PANIC EXIT DEVICE
door is pushed.
EYE BOLT A bolt having its head in the form of a loop or eye.
A plastic, wood fiber or metal usually leads plug either built in a wall or ceiling or inserted by drilling, used as an
CONCRETE INSERT
anchor or support to hold attached load.
HOOK BOLT A bolt having one end in the form of a hook.
DOOR STOPPER To prevent the door with its lockset from harming the wall or tiles.