Technical Drawing Tle 7

TECHNICAL DRAWING TLE 7
PREPARE FREEHAND DRAWING
INTRODUCTION
People around the world speak with different languages but they come up with
common understanding on drawing. That’s why drawing is called a universal language.
This material is intended as a self-learning module. It covers topic on freehand drawing
with emphasis on performing different lettering styles and techniques and preparing
different drawing tools and materials. Equipped with these concepts, the students can then
competently transmit the ideas through a drawing.
INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1
Skill in lettering is a basic requirement for a student in drawing. He must be exposed

to the lettering activities to orient her/him on the quality standard in printing letters.
Lettering is used as a form of communication. As applied in drawing, it adds beauty if it is
well-printed. Likewise, it can destroy the appearance of the drawing once it is not done well.
THE FOUR GROUP OF LETTERS
1. Gothic Letters – They are the most simple and readable among the four groups of
letters. It has a uniform stem. It should be applied only for poster and advertisement
purposes.
Two Forms of Gothic Letters

a. Commercial Gothic – it is printed with heavy stem. It is used for advertisement
purposes only.
b. Single Stroke – it is printed with thin stem. It is used for engineering drawing
purposes.
2. Roman Letters – The thickness of these letters is not uniform; they have pointed
stem which is called “serif”. They must be used for books, magazine, newspapers and
text matters.
Three Classics of Roman Letters:
a. Old Roman Letters – They are printed by means of layout form using the flexible
lettering pen. The thickness of the thin stem must be ½ from the thickness of the
heavy stem.
b. Modern Roman Letters – They are printed in single stroke using the speedball pen.
c. Modified Roman Letters – Similar to Modern Roman, they are printed in single
stroke using the speedball pen. However, this style must be printed in the absence of
“serif”.
3. Spanish Script – it is considered as artistic letters. It is purposely used for
certificates, diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.
4. Text or Old English – This style vs the most artistic among the four groups of
letters. Similar to Spanish script, it is also used for certificates, diplomas, citations,
greetings and invitation cards.
THE RULE OF STABILITY OF LETTERS
This refers to the standard rules to be considered in printing the letters particularly
on the following:
1. Upper Case Letters – They are letters which are printed in capital form. Three
guidelines are cap line, waist line and base line.
2. Lower Case Letters – These are three letters which are printed in small letters with
the use of four guidelines such as cap line, waist line, base line and dropped line.
THE GENERAL PROPORTION OF LETTERS
1. Compressed or Condensed – This particular proportion should be applied only when

the space is limited. The letters are printed with closer distance and its width is
narrower than the normal size.
2. Extended – This proportion is applied when there is a more space. The width of the
letter is wider than the height.
3. Normal – This proportion is applied when there is normal space. The letter is printed
in the normal size.
THE TWO PROPORTION OF THICKNESS
1. Boldface – This refers to the letters which are printed with heavy stem.
2. Lightface – This refers to the letters which are printed with thin stem.
Order of Strokes in Lettering
The first letters that should be studied are I, L, T, F, E, H. These letters are the
easiest to draw because the basic strokes are vertical and horizontal. You should practice
making these letters according to the models.
The next group P, R, B, U and J requires close study because of the introduction of
the curved line aside from the three already given.
The last group of letters is C, G, O, Q, D and S which are based on the circle.
The M and W must be printed wider than the other letters. It is suggested therefore
that its width should be greater than the other letters by 25 percent. The letter is the
thinnest letter.
Making Numerals:
All mechanical drawings involve the use of numerals; hence, they should be studied
closely. Notice that in the figures below are all 6 units and 5 units wide except 1. All figures
are composed of the essential strokes found in the letters which are straight and curved.
See figures 1.1 & 1.2.
Activity 1
Let us practice lettering the Gothic style of letter. Just copy the letters on the line provided
using a pencil.
Activity 2
Let us practice lettering the Old English (text) style of letter. Just copy the letters on the line
provided using a pencil.
PERFORMANCE TASK 2
Direction: Letter the words below in a ½ sheet of short size bond paper. Your output will be
rated based on the rubrics below.
CRITERIA FOR RATING:

1. Guidelines are drawn thin & light 5 pts
2. Letters are drawn exactly, touching but not outside the guidelines 10 pts
3. Correct shape and proportion of letters are applied 10 pts
4. Letters are drawn clear and single stroke 10 pts
5. Overall output is neat and clean 15 pts
TOTAL 50 pts
PERFORMANCE TASK 3
Direction: Name the following drawing tools and equipment used in drafting. Use a
separate sheet of paper (1 whole) for your answers.

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PREPARE FREEHAND DRAWING

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1

Skill in lettering is a basic requirement for a student in drawing. He must be exposed

THE FOUR GROUP OF LETTERS

Two Forms of Gothic Letters

Three Classics of Roman Letters:

THE RULE OF STABILITY OF LETTERS

1. Compressed or Condensed – This particular proportion should be applied only when

THE TWO PROPORTION OF THICKNESS

Order of Strokes in Lettering

CRITERIA FOR RATING:

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